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Available Computer
online Science 00 (2022) 000–000
at www.sciencedirect.com
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ScienceDirect
Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110

The 19th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing (MobiSPC)
The 19th International Conference on Mobile
August 9-11, SystemsFalls,
2022, Niagara and Pervasive
Canada Computing (MobiSPC)
August 9-11, 2022, Niagara Falls, Canada
Internet of Behaviour (IoB)-based AI models for personalized smart
Internet of Behaviour (IoB)-based AI models for personalized smart
education systems
education systems
Ossama H. Embarak*
Ossama H. Embarak*
Assist. Prof, Higher Colleges of Technology
Assist. Prof,
Dept.Higher Colleges
of Computer of Technology
Sciences,
Dept. of
Abu Dhabi, Computer
UAE., Sciences,
oembarak@hct.ac.ae
Abu Dhabi, UAE., oembarak@hct.ac.ae

Abstract
Abstract
E-learning, remote learning systems, and hybrid models were necessary in the pandemics age and when cities are rapidly moving
E-learning,
towards smart remote learning
city status. systems,and
Adaptive andindividualized
hybrid models were necessary
education is now ainmust the pandemics
to reduce theagedrawbacks
and whenof cities are rapidly
distance moving
learning while
towards
ensuringsmart city status.
high levels Adaptive and individualized
of accomplishment. Technology such education is nowlearning,
as machine a must toartificial
reduce the drawbacks(XAI),
intelligence of distance
and datalearning
miningwhile
are
ensuring
all helpinghigh levels of accomplishment.
to transform education in a smart Technology such as machine
city by allowing learning,learning
for personalized artificialand
intelligence
the ability(XAI), andcontent
to tailor data mining
based are
on
all helping preferences.
individual to transform Based
education in acombination
on the smart city by ofallowing
XAI andfor IoB personalized
technologies, learning and the
this study abilityatonew
proposes tailor content for
paradigm based on
smart
individual
educationalpreferences.
systems. Using Based
dataononthe combination
students' actions,ofresearchers
XAI and IoB try to technologies, this study
establish whether or notproposes a new educational
contemporary paradigm for smart
systems
educational
meet students' systems.
needs.Using data on
Education students'
systems haveactions,
evolved,researchers
but not totrythetopoint
establish
wherewhether
they canor not contemporarytoeducational
be personalized systems
meet the cognitive
meet students'
demands needs.and
of students Education systems
assist them whenhave evolved, instruction
face-to-face but not to theisn'tpoint whereUsing
available. they can be personalized
evaluation methods,tothe meet
studythefound
cognitive
that
demands
there has of
been students
a shiftand assist them
in students' when face-to-face
academic progress wheninstruction isn't available.
monitoring using IoT/IoB Usingtoevaluation methods,
enable a relative the study
response found that
in support of
there progression.
their has been a shiftTheinsystem
students' academic
response progress
to learners waswhen
37%,monitoring using IoT/IoB
once we involve the IoBtoinenable a relativeand
the processes response in support
let students of
and the
their progression.
system be aware ofThe the system
collectedresponse
and usedtodatalearners
aboutwas 37%, behaviours,
students' once we involve the IoBresponse
the student's in the processes
improvedand let%students
to 76 and the
. This indicates
system
the majorbe influence
aware of the collected
of IoB and used
on learner data about
assistance students'
and system behaviours,
adaptations to the student's
their response
real demands forimproved to 76 % . This indicates
higher achievement.
the major influence of IoB on learner assistance and system adaptations to their real demands for higher achievement.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
© 2022
© 2022 The
The Authors.
Authors. Published
Published by by Elsevier
Elsevier B.V.
B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
This is an open access
Peer-review article underthe the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Peer-review underunder responsibility
responsibility of of the Conference
Conference Program
Program Chairs.
Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
Keywords: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), the Internet of behaviour (IoB), Smart education, future AI-based education, Smart cities
Explainable
education, adaptive
Keywords: artificial intelligence (XAI), the Internet of behaviour (IoB), Smart education, future AI-based education, Smart cities
learning
education, adaptive learning

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +971-056-902-3031 fax: +971-056-902-3031.

* Corresponding
E-mail address:author. Tel.: +971-056-902-3031 fax: +971-056-902-3031.
oembarak@hct.ac.ae
E-mail address: oembarak@hct.ac.ae
1877-0509 © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1877-0509 © 2022
This is an open Thearticle
access Authors. Published
under by Elsevier B.V.
the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
This is an open
Peer-review access
under article under
responsibility CC BY-NC-ND
of the Conference license
Program (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Chairs.
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.

1877-0509 © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.
10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.015
104 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110
2 Ossama Embarak/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

1. Introduction

Schooling and learning are no longer constrained by geographical boundaries or time zones. The evolution of
technology has changed the way educational institutions work. IoT is capable of connecting a variety of different
devices to the Internet. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to make computers think like
and mimic humans in a wireless setting. Everything in people's lives is affected by these technologies. Education,
manufacturing, health care, transportation, smart city planning, and energy are just a few of the many fields where
they may be put to use today.
Technological advancements have not been spared in the field of education. In the classroom, the Internet of Things
has had a tremendous impact. With the help of the Internet of Things, educators have been able to spice up their
lectures. Internet of Things (IoT) makes education more accessible in terms of ability, location and socioeconomic
status. When learning a new language, immersion is a good method since it provides real-time input. In order to learn
a foreign language in its native nation, the speaker's feedback is freely available. Creating such conditions outside of
the country is tough, however IoT assists in the creation of simulation environments where students can be observed
and professors can offer real-time feedback to students. IoT Task-based learning can be supported by IoT networking.
In task-based learning, students learn by doing and teachers may encourage and assess their progress automatically.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a tremendous benefit to students with disabilities by providing them with
technological aid.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), together with the Internet of Things (IoT) have had a
substantial impact on research and education. Attendance and grading may be automated with the use of AI and ML
techniques. It is possible to tailor educational software to the needs of the learner. Using IoT and AI, e-learning courses
may be accessed from any location and at any time by students. Moreover, students may participate in discussion
groups and forums to share their thoughts, ideas, and knowledge.
Over the past several years, the function of education in spreading information has increased in importance because
of the ferocious multiplication of knowledge. Meanwhile, the paradigm of the educational process is shifting, which
means that various students must complete their education in different ways. An educational atmosphere that
encourages innovation is created. Various information and communication technologies are used to enliven the
learning process and tailor it to meet the specific requirements of each student. Information sensing devices and
information processing platforms can be used to continually monitor students' mental and physical states and behaviors
in order to offer real-time feedback on their learning processes. The Internet of Things aims to make a major difference
in people's lives, their well-being, and their productivity. It is possible that the Internet of Things (IoT) may enable
the extension and improvement of vital utilities across a wide range of businesses. It is the purpose of XAI to convey
to the user what an AI model is doing and why, so that the user has a thorough grasp of how the system works. As a
consequence, the process of tracking, evaluating, and influencing user behavior will be much simplified [1].

However, few research have examined how to utilize the Internet of Behaviors (IoB) to tailor learning content and
how IoB may be used to monitor students' behavior that influences their achievement, advancement, and performance.
An explanationable AI (XAI) and the Internet of Behaviour (IoB) paradigm will be demonstrated in this study in order
to customize learning content to students' cognitive skills and automate academic progress tracking.
Using the IoB and XAI in tandem, this paper tries to develop frameworks that are reliable and understandable in the
context of education, where users' behavior develops. An IoB-based XAI-based educational system is offered to help
students and teachers adjust their behavior toward an eco-friendly one to optimize learning attenuation and vigorous
academic growth. Smart, flexible education may be delivered using this framework that includes IoT, AI, Data
Analytics, Behavioral Science, and XAI techniques. Its contributions are summarized as follows:
• Present an IoB-XAI approach that is trustworthy and easy to grasp in order to influence and change the habits
and behaviors of students for the sake of their education.
• Demonstrate the necessity of regulating a student's development by exhibiting the learner's behavior in the
classroom, practicals, and other relevant activities.
• Examine the main differences between current systems and the new paradigm.
• Outline potential enhancements and future directions of the intended system.
This study analyzes how explainable artificial intelligence and the Internet of Behaviors may be used to adjust and
alter learning materials to students' cognitive capacities and requirements, despite other studies having sought to
explain how educational advancements occur. The following is the structure of this document. Starting with the
abstract, this study outlines its primary concerns and findings. Second, the introduction sums up the important research
 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110 105
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 3

gaps and our primary contributions and ambitions. Followed by literature in which the background and details of the
connected work are discussed. The study used approach is then demonstrated a thorough breakdown of all of the
study's variables and methodologies. Followed by the discussions section. Finally, the result of the findings, new ideas
are proposed. Last but not least, there is the planned expansion.

2. Literature review

There are several uses for the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, enabling diverse objects to interact with one another.
Various corporate activities, such as education, healthcare, and transportation, can all benefit from this technology's
incorporation [2]. These objects (things) might be virtual (in the information realm) or tangible (physical world).
Objects can identify themselves and integrate with the communication layer. The Internet of Behaviours (IoB) is a
subset of IoT that tries to address user behaviors and so help us assess how data may be better understood and exploited
to design and give education services to students from a psychological standpoint [3]. The Internet of Behavior (IoB)
is a term that refers to the collecting of data that gives crucial information about a user's behavior, interests, and
preferences [4]. The IoB platform enables academic institutions to understand their pupils fully. IoB, for example,
connects all mobile phones in the app, allowing users to monitor their swing and stroke defects and receive visual tips
on how to improve them. The connection of devices generates a plethora of new data points and expands beyond the
Internet of Things (IoT) scope. Academics obtain client information by transferring it amongst linked devices
monitored in real-time.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a variety of behavioral traits, including consumer brand loyalty, staff work
habits, and corporate participation with customers. These and other examples affect the environment, technology, and
human health. As a result, tracking people's behavior becomes crucial for influencing them in unfavorable situations.
One technique of enforcing laws and monitoring carelessness is to use machine learning for mask recognition tasks,
for example [5]. The human behavioral pattern is assigned to particular devices (e.g., IoT devices); chances to benefit
from the information obtained by reviewing the history of patterns will exist in various organizations, social, health,
political, and other sectors [6]. Behaviour is a psychological characteristic that might impact a person's willingness to
cooperate or collaborate. Regardless of the other four criteria: cognition, emotion, personality, and interpersonal
communication, behavior is responsible for the inclination to act and is heavily reliant on the other four. As a result,
concentrating on behavior enables us to better understand how to affect and manage the individual [7]. The Multi-
layered concept proposes forming learning resources and making suggestions based on learners' personalities and
learning styles [8]. Nowadays, smartphones enable different businesses to build various applications that care about
users' behaviors, such as health, where smartphone sensors can detect biometrics and healthy behavior that is
mandatory for smart cities [9]. Health applications, for example, track sleep habits, heart rate, and breathing rate. After
analyzing the observed behavior, such applications send alerts, messages, and suggestions to improve the user's sleep
and urge him/her to meet daily goals in order to get a better outcome [10].
During the COVID-19 pandemic, different countries developed health smartphone apps to assist inhabitants in
stopping the virus's spread. Code-based apps, for example, track a user's travel, contact history, and body biometrics
like as temperature [11]. Then, to identify his health status, a colorful QR code is developed. As a result, the user may
face a variety of limits that impact his behavior, such as enabling movement or quarantine at home or in a central
location [12]. Popular recommendation systems exploit user behavior, namely viewing history and clicks, to improve
the experience of an app or website. Deep neural networks are used by their technology to analyse data and propose
films and shows to viewers. Furthermore, almost all social media platforms give feeds based on watching patterns,
time spent on a single account, or interest in subscribing to specific channels [13]. IoB can help both drivers and
passengers in transit. After a long history of driver disagreements and high turnover, Uber has turned to gamification
to influence driver behavior. To penalize drivers, Uber employs loss aversion, recognition, and intrinsic motivation
[14]. Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) algorithms were employed to address power usage depending on user
behavior [15,16]. Some systems attempted to comprehend students' learning styles in order to offer suggestions [17].

3. Prospective role of IoB

The IoB concept tries to appropriately assess facts and utilize that understanding to develop and deliver new items
from the standpoint of human psychology. The IoB tries to understand data acquired from internet user behaviours
via the lens of behavioral psychology. It seeks to address problems about how to analyze data and apply that
information to build and offer new services, all based on human psychology. This new trend may have an impact on
106 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110
4 Ossama Embarak/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

Quality Infrastructure since many businesses may increase their connectivity, resulting in increasing customer
demand. As shown in figure 1, the IoT converts data to information, and the IoB has the potential to transform our
knowledge into actual wisdom.

Fig. 1. IoB and IoT mapping to actions in Smart Systems

The essential purpose of mapping is illustrated below.

1. Observe and track learner behavior: The Internet of Things (IoT) is used to collect information about students
inside the classroom, their learning activities, their volunteering activities and behaviors, how they react to
exercises and formative assessments, class collaboration work, hands-on activities, and everything else related to
their academic progression.
2. Analyze student behavior: The data acquired from IoT may be used to accurately analyze student behavior. This
analysis, however, will not give automated suggestions via the system, but will instead provide information
regarding learners' behaviors during their studies as well as some explanation of specific phenomena.
3. Recognize significance: Behavioral analysis and psychology have been able to provide fresh insights into the
data acquired by the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Behaviour (IoB) has the potential to be a helpful
tool for businesses and organizations to understand and forecast the behaviors that result in certain results.
4. Importance influence: Academic institutions can utilize the IoB mechanism to maintain an adaptive system that
identifies student behaviors and recommends behavioral changes that will result in a better outcome at this level.

4. Smart learning combining XAI and IoB

As the fourth industrial revolution begins, we are witnessing a rapid and widespread deployment of artificial
intelligence (AI), which is leading to a more algorithmic society. Despite these remarkable achievements, a lack of
transparency remains a significant obstacle to the use of AI-based solutions. They can make amazing forecasts, but
they can't explain them. This has reignited the argument about explainable AI (XAI). A research field might
considerably increase AI-based system trust and transparency. It is necessary for AI to progress consistently and
unhinderedly. Explainable AI facilitates the use of AI for data mining while retaining transparency. To make AI
findings more understandable to humans, researchers have created XAI, a new field of study. Researchers had looked
at explanations for expert systems for decades and have been exploring the issue of explainable for decades [18]. XAI
is variously defined as a coming generation of artificially intelligent companions that human users can effectively
comprehend and control while maintaining a high level of learning performance (prediction accuracy) [19]. As a
result, IoT aids in collecting needed data, IoB serves to understand student behaviors, and XAI facilitates the prediction
of student performance and understanding of the key factor(s) influencing such performance in order to take actions
or generate recommendations.
 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110 107
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 5

5. The proposed model

Learners' talents and cognitive styles differ, necessitating the need to customise learning resources to meet their
abilities and requirements. The usage of IoT is beneficial in collecting various types of data, such as text, photos, or
audio data. This research focuses on gathering information about students, professors, and the learning environment
at a university. IoB has just been named one of the top technology trends. The COVID-19 epidemic is mostly to blame
for IoB becoming a trend since it has changed how consumers engage with brands, causing businesses to rethink how
they connect with customers.

5.1. Proposed approach

We aimed to use IoT to collect data about learners' behaviours in two main capabilities: Personal Capabilities and
Social keen. In Personal Capabilities, we focused on speaking and writing capabilities, while in Social keen, we
focused on their Collaboration, and Volunteering level of involvement. The collected data is then used to figure out
learner’s patterns of behaviours that explain the ML predictions especially for good, moderate and low performing
students in the two main capabilities. As demonstrated in figure 2, XAI is critical for understanding the link
between student behavior and capability performance to generate suggestions and customize learning content to
accommodate various types of students.

Fig. 2. IoB via IoT for a smart learning education system

5.2. Data collection and experimental results

Data is collected from 41 students (students in programming classes) utilizing Nearpods and the Blackboard Learning
Management System (BBL) for activities such as polls and to see if the system supports related activities. The
collaborative work and game-based/formative evaluations, which students can complete using their smartphones and
tablets. Students were also requested to submit a survey on their volunteer activity, which is summarized in the table
below. Table 1 depicts students' academic performance capabilities and social interests; we divide students into four
categories Speaking vs Collaboration, Speaking vs Volunteering, Writing vs Collaboration, Writing vs Volunteering.
We dug further to comprehend these pupils' behaviors. The main purpose is to assess the system's capacity to
comprehend student behavior and personalize learning materials to each student's strengths, needs, abilities, and
interests.
108 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110
6 Ossama Embarak/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

Table 1. Learner's capabilities and Social keens symptoms.

Personal Capabilities
Speaking Writing
Rarely ask Sentence with Short
Challenging
questions elaboration sentences
teacher (PSC)
(PSR) (PWE) habits (PWS)
Lead the work
15 9 13 7
(SCL)
Collaboration
Social keen

Quietness (SCQ) 26 32 28 34

Heavenly involve in
11 13 14 8
activities (SVH)
Volunteering
Focus on the given
30 28 27 33
task (SVF)

The learner's segmentation below depicts N groups of learners based on their speaking and writing abilities and their
cooperation and volunteering interests.

(1)

Where SP ( Speaking vs Collaboration ) denotes system performance in response to learners' Speaking and Collaboration abilities as
reported by the capabilities provided by the learning management system to students. It calculates how the system strongly supports
collaboration speaking related activities.

(2)
Where SP (Speaking vs Volunteering ) denotes system performance in response to learners' Speaking and Volunteering abilities as
reported by the capabilities provided by the learning management system to students. It calculates how the system strongly supports
volunteering speaking related activities.

(3)

Where SP (Writing vs Collaboration) denotes system performance in response to learners' Writing and Collaboration abilities as
reported by the capabilities provided by the learning management system to students. It calculates how the system strongly supports
collaboration writing related activities.

(4)

Where SP (Writing vs Volunteering) denotes system performance in response to learners' Writing and Volunteering abilities as reported
by the capabilities provided by the learning management system to students. It calculates how the system strongly supports volunteering
writing-related activities.

The following are the calculated system performance considering the formulas mentioned above.
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) = 43.9%
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉) = 63.41%
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) = 34.14%
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉) = 39.02%

Using the following formula, we can evaluate how learning management systems support students' Collaboration
Activities in speaking and writing.
∑% !
&#$ ∑"#$ 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) ∗ 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶)
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) =
𝑁𝑁

Where k is the number of students enrolled in a certain program and N is the number of programs offered to
learners by the system.

On the other hand, we can evaluate how learning management systems support student’s Volunteering Activities in
 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110 109
Author name / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000 7

terms of speaking and writing.

∑% !
&#$ ∑"#$ 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔) ∗ 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆(𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉)
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉) =
𝑁𝑁

Where SP is the system performance and N is the number of users involved in the study, the overall calculated
system performance considering the collected data and before informing learnings about the study, SP is 37%.
Academic institutions can select a specific threshold to assess the system's flexibility for considering high, moderate
and low system’s responses.
Table 2. Learner's performance Change.

Change
Measurement type Before After
(+/-)
SP (Speaking vs Collaboration) 43.90% 90.23% 46.33%
SP (Speaking vs Volunteering) 63.40% 87.63% 24.23%
SP (Writing vs Collaboration) 34.50% 84.93% 50.43%
SP (Writing vs Volunteering) 39.00% 95.20% 56.20%

When the system monitors students' writing activities, the highest change (+56%) occurred in voluntary writing
activities, compared to 50% in writing collaborative activities. Cooperation activities increased by 46.3% compared
to a positive improvement in volunteering speaking activities when speaking 24. 23% as shown in table 2.

6. Discussions
Academic institutions may use IoT to collect data on students' reactions to academic activities and understand each
behavior connected to academic accomplishment. The learning technique will assist in the correction of their
deficiency. In the first round, we evaluate the system's effectiveness in terms of how it inspires learners to participate
in various activities without notifying them and whether instructor monitoring via technology influences how they
respond to academic tasks. Learners' performance was as follows: SP (Speaking vs Collaboration) 43.9%, SP
(Speaking vs Volunteering) 63.4%, SP (Writing vs Collaboration) 34.5%, SP (Writing vs Volunteering) 39.0%.
Because the major purpose is to utilize IoB to customize learning resources and XAI to explain why the system
behaves in a certain way, the system should assist associated academic activities by evaluating which category students
belong to and picking the variables of assessment. In the second round, we informed students about the evaluation
elements, Personal Capabilities, which include Speaking (challenging instructor, seldom asking questions), Writing,
and Reading (Sentence with elaboration, Short sentences habits). Collaboration (Leading the work, Quietness),
Volunteering are examples of social skills (Heavenly involved in activities, Focusing on the given task). Learners who
were discovered to seldom ask questions and be weak in writing were given some advice to improve their elaboration
abilities; the same was true for silent pupils and those deemed to be focused on the provided assignment. There was a
significant improvement in performance where the recalculated SP (Speaking vs Collaboration) 90.23%, SP (Speaking
vs Volunteering) 87.63%, SP (Writing vs Collaboration) 84. 93%, SP (Writing vs Volunteering) 95.2% that lead to
improvement in the entire system's capabilities to 63.79% for supporting students through customizing contents fits
students needs. This illustrates that if we create a tailored, regulated system for learning in which students can discover
which elements influence their success, we can help them act wisely in academic pursuits.

7. The conclusion and future directions

The IoT is particularly useful for acquiring data on students, whereas the IoB is utilized to investigate how students
react to academic activities. The study discovered that poor pupils had common behavioral tendencies such as
quietness, a desire to focus on the provided task (SVF), rarely ask questions (PSR), and a proclivity to write short
phrases (PWS). This may obviously be controlled by introducing additional supportive tools to improve these
competencies through learning management systems. Students with good performance, on the other hand, are more
likely to be Challenging instructors (PSC), write sentences with elaboration (PWE), lead the task (SCL), and heavenly
participate in activities (SVH). Students' behaviors may be tracked and saved in each profile, which education systems
can subsequently utilize to provide recommendations and exercises to reinforce associated shortcomings in their skills.
110 Ossama H. Embarak et al. / Procedia Computer Science 203 (2022) 103–110
8 Ossama Embarak/ Procedia Computer Science 00 (2018) 000–000

The measured system assistance for students increased from 37% to 76% in the delivered session. This is projected to
increase further if we continuously maintain learners' behaviors and automate the system to account such behaviors
in other courses and activities in which students participate. The study attempted to determine how a smart education
system might tailor learning materials for each student. The suggested technique gathers information about pupils and
learns about their behavior by utilizing IoT and IoB. It's also good to use XAI to filter/select aspects that students may
use to monitor their performance and obtain the aid they need from educational systems. Students can advance in the
future by adding additional features and broadening the implementation so that more students from various divisions
can utilize it.

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