Pigeonhole principle is a statement that says if nn items are put into

the mm numbers of containers and the value of nn is greater than mm ,

then one of the containers must contain more than one item. The
pigeonhole principle was given in the year 18341834 by one Peter Gustav
Dirichlet . The principle has very obvious but very important implications.

Complete step-by-step answer:

The pigeonhole principle is based on the statement that if 1010 pigeons
are present in a pigeon box with nine holes, now since the number 1010 is
more than 99 this means that at least one of the pigeonholes must have
more than one pigeon. In mathematical terms this can be written as,
For two given natural numbers kk and mm , if
n=km+1n=km+1 Objects are distributed among mm sets, then the
pigeonhole principle says in simple terms that at least one of the objects
contains at least k+1k+1 objects. Thus this is the mathematical
expression of the pigeonhole principle. The numbers kk in the question
of 1010 pigeons is 11 , while the number mm present here is 99 , which
means if we have distribute the,
km+1km+1 which is 10 objects in 99 sets one of the sets will contain at
least k+1k+1 objects i.e. 22 objects, which was in fact our initial
statements.

Note: There is also an alternative formulation of the pigeonhole principle,

that formulation goes as follows,
In nn objects are distributed over mm places, and if n<mn<m then some
place in this situation will receive no object, i.e. a placeholder in that
condition is sure to remain empty.
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