**Econ 344: International Trade and Economic Development**

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**I. Foundations of International Trade**

1. **Introduction to International Trade**

- Theories of Comparative Advantage
- Gains from Trade
- Trade Barriers and Protectionism

2. **International Trade Institutions**

- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World Bank
- Regional Trade Agreements

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**II. Trade Policies and Agreements**

1. **Tariffs and Non-Tariff Barriers**

- Types of Tariffs
- Quotas and Other Non-Tariff Measures
- Impact on Trade Flows

2. **Trade Liberalization**
- Arguments for Free Trade
- Case Studies of Successful Liberalization
- Challenges and Criticisms

3. **Trade and the Environment**

- Environmental Impacts of Trade
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Balancing Economic Growth and Environmental Conservation

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**III. Economic Development Theories**

1. **Classical and Neoclassical Theories**

- Stages of Economic Growth
- Role of Capital Accumulation and Technology
- Critiques and Limitations
2. **Structuralist and Dependency Theories**
- Center-Periphery Model
- Historical Roots of Underdevelopment
- Import-Substitution Industrialization

3. **Modern Growth Theories**

- Endogenous Growth Theory
- Human Capital and Innovation
- Inclusive Growth Strategies

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**IV. Globalization and Economic Development**

1. **Impact of Globalization**
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Transnational Corporations
- Global Value Chains

2. **Inequality and Poverty**

- Global Income Inequality Trends
- Poverty Alleviation Strategies
- Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals

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**V. International Financial Markets**

1. **Foreign Exchange Markets**

- Exchange Rates and Determinants
- Currency Crises
- Role of Central Banks

2. **Debt and Financial Crises**

- Sovereign Debt Issues
- Financial Market Contagion
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) Interventions

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**VI. Case Studies and Applications**

1. **Country-Specific Economic Development**

 - Examining Success Stories
- Identifying Challenges and Failures
- Lessons for Policy Formulation

2. **Trade and Development Policies**

- Designing Effective Policies
- Evaluating the Impact of Trade Agreements
- Addressing Social and Environmental Concerns

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**VII. Emerging Issues in International Trade and Development**

1. **Digital Economy and Trade**

- E-commerce and Cross-Border Transactions
- Challenges and Opportunities

2. **Post-Pandemic Economic Realities**

- COVID-19 Impacts on Global Trade and Development
- Building Resilient Economies

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**Note:** This note packet is intended to provide an overview of key topics in Econ 344. In-
depth exploration through readings, case studies, and engagement with real-world economic
issues is encouraged for a comprehensive understanding of international trade and economic
development.