&, SAI VIDYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Ait VI, Helga, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Gov, af Kamtaka) Te Accredited by NBA, New Delhi (CSE DEPARTMENT OF Rajanukunt Phone: 080-28468191/96/97/98, 4% Semester ECE COMMUNICATION THEORY (21EC44) Course Coordinator TEJASHREE.S Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, SVIT SYLLABUS MODULE-4 SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION: Introduction, Why Digitize Analog Sources? The Low Pass Sampling Process Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Time Division Multiplexing, Pulse- Position Modulation, Generation of PPM Waves, Detection of PPM Waves.Communication Theory svIT 21EC44 ¥| the welukion {rom amalog, ty digtlal -Loawaminien fo Rt Lonnervaienr “| Common imbdrmralion Aouwcos Auda os vor ond mamaic , which aru daar Digtll os ss tay pin » lyst ore ward igi do “drawyit At from one place to awelhor. ln dualog communterctian Lae tramanmirrron ae onc coves at » FP ae Mumom Vou , ales Bours. Wn Aiattoh Lommunitotion dhe row wien of, fntoamahion & dow am okiqutad orn. (Discrete aad Telmeme J reacted ~ Ofte one , dacarte Aquels,, rep opie ditmtien , Newt amd 1 oS aol: gle Me : Disoute Gere ae oe aeliabls , Fe 5 I iol sameuing | —>[Quanizmtiont | >[ encopine, | 29 = “phy es ely gel PFE Convent he b invtlued im the conuviisn ie it a ge aid a eg amelog, 4. X tool, 3. En . Tejashree 5, Assistant Professor Dept. of ECE z Email tejashree.s@saividya.ac.inCommunication Theory SvVIT 21 ECS [why Digihge Arete: Sousees: The -adnonctagis wang mg DIQhrac ch pu, ANALO Ne ni . oud ua = a) The dinto bai tr vo Ley vm digital wna, alle ee ow |p ce eataei- i ye sto aol video + Sound eo crack. hk] Digkbt Al ou anu “siraplur “te chovactenrge CHL ov 0’ a ols do not howe a OWL armolthrde omg a anion 5. tod piri es owe oe te qhyiod ey a an pears ah tuvperolmure. E Digit Aelia OL ly aumibre fo Not thon dnalo. % | tree tromanimron Scheme 24 okey indopendont df the AOwWee. muagluxing, eclniguuns ae. roore Raa imnplewandid with dad! trowuminion ste 9.) Ther ore dana) te for vem telnet ale doa, be reo al be hat Ou ows Baines chroma en “4 be ie ot Hw receiver. teu to or ol ed bee £§ kin tle orgs Lomecton & detector aati (one be Wnp Lewemtid ely p-|decuviquuss Suda as Eealijedion eaperraly Adoptine, yoniow aw endater Brome o oll tito the orelog: Absueey md to be tormerded | rohit Sows. mail; tejashree.s@saividya.ac.in Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE 2 EiCommunication Theory SVIT 21EC44 Comparision Belween Auerog € PISITAL S¥rems ARAMETER ANA L0G D PARAMEt aNee a ae 1] Twwuwly be Nowe lew Moe. »| Suypkum complex! ee ‘| aes op More Lu. 3] Syston Con More lw. 4 eas Fae wot por ponilale. cworeko g amuttion Hig (2 Suibbte Seana Lu seine ; app lacoti dna), oanilpoe, daa a 7m | 9, volte Que bo ligher lath inemundd lew rates ipl cnn Bandi, 4 ws | Repost Us I vw» mot eossilete eaptred, ot [to Sepamcte Moe & be Gonat. » | Popecdirs toma Ripeotirs Commet ” vad, : be word Pp} Pg aa Wot owible possible, aT eke Am Pm. pm ACK, Poe, Pek . Pam , Pum , Ppm t oon! Not aeyuined — | yeauived. u Quabdy 7 yeedimbouedinn Gord Creebent. Tejashree 5, Assistant Professor, Dept. of BCE 5 ‘Email: tejashree.s@saividya.ac.inCommunication Theory svIT Canopling povtenn® eat Sorapling theorem , Alale thot " Continuow| Ame bore bowd at com be comp vajall ty ib, sonmply amd vecontred from ito 4 ler ff the Sonmpbiag, 4s Ch) Ko aptater thom wv es shoe He Wi reat in the 21EC44 Whe, W = Maxim Prat in borebawd AT Ww = 2% [oy y fone + fang ~ =>) a rin alas leomidien om arbitvor aiguel att) gine votnacln as petted “tee oll Lowe Disa. ‘ A of “Unt algal 1) v0 alow vim fe 40a). let Sw repreantls tur periodic impulee tom ond wo OWN Qu. S stt-wr) —O When netats atl powible values of alegre Ts- Soli period + The reciprocal of Sampling peaind (Ta) ig Called Sorm oli weds > 4 P . “ «| Pw Fnstomtomoow im the #4 aed, pomaglineg % signa aoe aie Tejashree §, Assistant Professor, Dept, of ECE ‘Emalk: tejashree.ssaividya.ac.inCommunication Theory SVIT 21EC44 Ls AKAs Ge aS SS FE OF PTE Tee) | Ts Les qe ie! | Wr. ! Diseaels/ ara A aT I | Let Held) dems dhe age ototaimwd by, Mubkiplyivg “eee ond imtoo Value of aC) ad Cael an the Sampled wae 1 Hett) ao gine by Alt) = Ltt). St) — > © hb z & 1) Hy bt) Ss th) = md £911) Swot S.Ct) = Z, that) —+@ Trae of (b= CH) SE 8 CE -T3) Tejashree 5, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE 5 Email: tejashree.sasaividya.ac.inCommunication Theory svIT 21BC44 5 A W= a Ltt). SCt-NTe) ning ng roy oy mpl etn WT uy. Stents) = 2 Cats). SCA) Ag = FS rCnte) SCENTS) > Soumplea nee: Vernon of —©. a4) Wn f domain , Comider. , Ag C4) = LC). Sg ttd | Fowler + 8 —© ere! s hue | to Conveuition| Sty = J, ZEye YD 2) oe Hain wang 4 E im © Xs = xf) * fs ze td) Xsp= Lppes = syy-nsop — © From Convolrdlion paopeiy > | impulee pumtlion, coos xeay * sCf-nge) = xCf-fs) Wap xet$= Se Z xen £C-af) Xe l= 4s = & wr te $9) —(®) Sapradicn (8) Gm be wala a xe(f= fe - ae ds = XCM) +) nto” Who the etre, x, I ie aad. ler conn Hh ae Trobe” Tejashree 5, Assistant Professor, Dept, of BCE Tmaik tejashree.susaividya.ac.in bet ride,Communication Theory svIT hy Okrwinated and veoubko im , Xsth= fe xCt) xf )= 84D —& * Bomdlinsted 04 cam be Recovered cfrom dwmpled vowulgu aAgtt). woke a 2 = 2 PMax (fini, finns 9] x) x(o) 21EC44 “HP ow (ap + I xsCf), 4s-xté)! ma ! ( ' ! 1 1 ' ' y WwW ' Fw ds *fs 4 aby cb) FAW) OD Spectre of Shick basa bentid sigue aw tb): Spectrum of o Sampled version 6f Ct). For Tee Fe we idee ee in two 2. 4 egies i ba aA duairilbed by pn ee fe ove tinsbowd of Lime Anporschrd by Ts see ty Seconds. a A Bomd rtd vi quite dovpthi emoud Up! cematitne hong tokiom od tue Tote Beau? Sota lu “pey aecond. Tojashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE Email; tojashree.susaividya.ac.inGy Communication Theory Soumuplinng 7) iss) satieast Saseepliong /ri apiakat a Aomapling. Ruvbis uve No- Aleaning fed & No yrordboua. XC) Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE SVIT ___21EC44 NYQUIST RATE: TR Soompling wo of Taw! Sompler por second , Sigua bomdavidllh of "Wo" Hoy do calli Busts rete he, Neayaiate vole - 2W Tee Mae mivinum Dama joaney aeaprtred. NYQUIST THITERVAL : The reciprocal of yaork gob. io Caled Nuapiatar Guinrval ond vs turanurod im Arconds- Nug nist Interval = ! = 1 Second. qe om Nyqpatak vod, “The Concapt of Urelwntonpling geod Over sampling. Usha aaa 4 [ppeoud Huw dhe type Ea ¥tY ik 2. Real By whan fai0 [Myoytok Rods] vol fy< 200 2 LUmdonSamnpli vou A aw, ib srenkls dn undouompl eo . ee fee ae at Loncagig] P os Foy rien huctim st ays § A “prow > ™ wepng t d Partetenws + Dy Dotan toe eee toe amd N qeoiok- imtesval bee 0 mA) = 1 [sin (svonej] WD qt) = Sinc (2004) () muy = 1 sin Crvorrty] | ss We OTT D271 hy =, SOIT: fin =2501 =u) Nygpuist tole = 2W = 28. = sve a Nyqudsb Intewol =p 1 - 1 fg yee Nyapatak vache uy” “Sve he ii he wo GU) = Sine Gook) Wkr Sine (a) = 1 Sintra Th tt) = 9 | 4 inc. (Soot) ae Sh Coon) t We200T , fm s2001 , Sen = 200% - wy -tovli. Tejashree 5, Assistant Professor, Dept. of BOB 4 Email: tejashree sasaividya.acCommunication Theory svi 216C44 N qpiot gate =o) = ae -2XxIOD =20013, Nyquit Tntewal - 2a ale @cands. oo An amalog Al sao bay toe Raprsedlbae ACH) = 3ces(SoTit) + 10Sin (3007) + Cos rears. Coleusote Nyqpatot tole avd Nyqwtk Interval. GoW att) = 3 ces(sort) + 1ostn (00TH) +c Gort) =D Compara (D) udith Staudaod AC) = Brest + 1OSinwdb + COsuds ——B. . Uj= Sor 21§m, =SO1 Ws ©300Tr us > Oo SS m,. = BOOT 211fm 3 =lCoT Fen) eas iy fon =) sob, 4 fing, = Sort. 1. W Mork Cm fins fom’) We Max(25, 15,50) We! Sot. “Nya puist vee = dw = 2XISd = son He nul tak, mienval > = ren =e 7 BOS. dw AL we enp edt bag tae x | UU) = sede uo tos Clooomt). Cobercbete Ngapeeiat = oa pet dudtmad. fale: ona ye gam (Uooont) cor Crooort) —() we ork os > (um (9-6) + costae] O> a0 - aft [cos (S000Tr+) + Ce ( svoorrt)] xt) 21 tos (S000TH) + 2mm, = ool, deny = oly, 3 ima = 2sDOHa, 2’. We Max (fm, 1 fro) = Mart (1500, 2500) We 2500!) . Nuayavial woke cox nl = 2%2500 =Sdoor:. ; 2, = 1 eto ss Ngadot Antenval * gaya © ~35* Se N ayaa Tnlenal = 0.268. DWE AMPLITUDE MODULATION; (PAM) oo FLAT-TOP SAMPLING Pale Armpltnde modulation A» am amalog putas modulaict Schon am whith the amplitude ef a tran of rectangle Comer pulass are Varied im acrordome with the arrple values of modeling $i . Tn PAM, Ha bop of Cath modulated reed oe is marnkoined bet. Hones pular Aunpahde Modulation (Pret) vin aloo llled as "PLAT JOP ShMPLING', The wamehouns Of Pam: Agquel fo iMmatvatid im fig a. | het se) duvets He PAM Agua (m0) Plat tep Sommpleel Aiqval. Tt Ao tapremed 04 bo St) = tts) P Ct aT) —( Whar; ANT.) - The Sample value ON LCE) oblarred at me =NTS Ty - Somapling. pooiod | ptr) - Stamdora retomgu oo puro oan % duaatan Claws Tejashree §, Assistant Professor, Dept. of BCE 7 Email tejashree s@saividy aacCommunication Theory svit 21EC44 xP emt) fl g mumane Stgual KM=mt4) —_—— t eeiareek fe Les ies ovpiaa ft t I ett) — a ~ 1d Giana _ok OY Sou) Sh s Nene ee ™ f Pat A vee) rr TF Train of pube [] re) 5 £ St i : app: Pam oi : | mS “ “ot i | Link duration te) £ Fa a: Pulse Ampliinde Modutalron, Ddemoh gf as sie? Si i at Recons tection -| the ovigi oA mung Alama ™MUY Date) = obtained fy Ronering PAM Movat theveugh th toucton fitter ¢ growed iliqer an Pisin 2. fi | Tejashree §, Assistant Nrofessor, Dept. of BCE rs Email: tejashree.Susaividya.acsCommunication Theory SVIT 21EC44 Ads PAM: | db wm a cee ad tre digital Mwaodubedaon Techsiagied Trommitey ond ruesiven crouttoy as Adnple md tag to comstouct - Disadvi SPAM: “] T Atapatren Wala Baowdwidth qos doomaniavinn - ; -| In PAM mad, amplitnde Keeps Varuyng 1 So there i4 a Net owocrated with P- ONR vw lm. DYE PWISION RULTIPLEXINE TDM): Tme Diwoiew Muddipleninng vo a mattvod of tramomnitting ond Tesling duabepandudr Ad PUNE OK Commo Chon) by means Aymclorrni Ausitches ot tach ond 64 Promisor lime Aude thot eaebe Adgual oppeass onthe Gine ouly a fraction of ime im an “atlowatiue patlow. Sete! Recaption fltes - Ae—LPF ncher LPE 4 1 a 2 i orimlator i 7 | N er a SL Rye Ac ding of 8m pln PE Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE 1 Email: tejashree,sasaividya.ac 1Communication Theory sviT 21 bead G a, Mrews dle baloue oa TM : L of TDM a Wanaher Pea ee mumnge Dupuis, Ue low om leu art wad. to yemeve| Ww 4 dtp} Compounds rend aa HAL gt i . ae. of te ie-si8e Blow ow fe fed ™ commusatos rowotaacls > warasldas iaplemonted wang Funckt Commutator ! ae Pee por Jaw tach of the N- Momoge, ot a rade of fg22W: To Seqpasdico lay sunkerLeawe CmmperIPLEX) , N= Sovmples From cack of Tae rewnge rigaal iid, 0 Aowmpliong. interval | “VY. sn maligne, 2 vy Yom applied to & puboe : othe pulse Amplitude modulodor 1 tromabpons the mubtiqlordc Stara into a dom switeble for ramamikvion pve A Communication Channel. : | Ay aww yecokuiang wad, te pulae aumplitnde domodubator Perjors We yurervan opewotzon of PAM. Derenmmuteder dtatetbvdnn “be nt do tut appropriate levs pows muromirucion., filers Jat a aide Of fp e2W- + | The Decommutoltrs opyuitis dm dyachoouigation with the Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept, of BCE 7H Tmall tejashree Sasaividya.ac21ECS4 SVIT Communication Theory PULSE PoOSITIDN MODULATION: (PPM) ea ees avenge Saweple Tianal Hola ee chtowkh Pube ewntton Fig 4: Gawerion pb fom wavs Gomradion PPM wave: aes vs Sewn mapa A ore quntraing PPM Ww ws Tn pulae porikon modutodien, (ppm) 1 the postition OL Oo Pular vrolabwe bo bo Wwwwedteated bow, ef octuwamce & vonitl in aewordouee with UAL wanna, igual a Pinevon aan yg ate). oh : : (a) Modwldling / | - (b) pube Corser i Pal rh _ Lifer" Fig 2: PPM Wow. Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept, of ECE = Email: tejashree aasalvidya.acCommunication Theory SVIT 21EC44 The wu mit) va diast converted into a PAM Si by ink Sample amd “Weld Cronrtt- Sounnple oma Kd cCiarkt , afver a Atoircare WUE) an Arewn vim cfiguas Slb) fev a numage vigral me) shown Ym fig 3a) - the Ae uct) va added cto oo Suwtooth wane ,resutls Sip Wel egrabstmed’ coh VA), as shown du fia 3(dd VU) do applied bo a Hraeveld detector Dot dances a nowrew pula at each we vit) Corner Zero iw te naqalin’ 6 direckcon . | Th reonlbng A Iwpulay TG vs Hhoton my $4 3Ce). i Fin y the PPM ate SC) sv quaertled i pele "he iW. M4 0 “| bt) me Gano Aerovgha pular shaping iter to produce PPM. Wstined s Sawtooth wave- j (oo tt) © aa ; t = 1M tee a wml. | | \. Th NTN cs | t i) (© | \ | | fe pa ea “a MINOT Fig: Gonesakion of PPM. jena. Tejashr stan Jashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept, of EGE Te Email: tejashree-sasalvidy aeCommunication Theory Detection of PPM [Waves SVIT 21BC44 ceaider of PPM Wawe SCL) with waitonm Sooapling Deume tant tho mene gel mt) A Abie, Bamdlinvitect . ; . The zx ol PPM seein os as Follows: . Cee ne ase PPM wae jimbo a pulas - dunadion rwduleted (ppm), wowe with the Aawme raodaaladion - UD) Tdeqred PPM Wowe valug 0 duviee with a finile. tack! puter : ai Stamper. tae outprt the : rose to produce ba wowe » Urbedse pulse, amplitudes on proporrionah do He Ai Aawples ™(nTs) of He pmiginal PPM wae St). WY Dernwrdlote be Pam wwe to recone daw igual mu) t PPM wove fs 2W fmt nts)] Puke Amplitrde Deletes Recovered anal. Gleps in Delechinn + PPM waves Timail Tejashrec.S@saividya,aemn Tejashree 8, Assistant Professor, Dept, of ECE. PRCommunication Theory svIT 21eca4 Noise in pulse Dosibion Madulalion? | Ta a PPM System, Has trawsiled Tbeomakon da tentoined am the relative poitxom of lle redulbated Pulses. . Aush oOo ew. a output apol ty meine Tadz , ansuming 0 fldead | (sive), = WBA © The a ar bamduwidth NL wv a ic "uy | LON! Powe Ww MOMnge The Ono ai to Notice voto (SNe vo: (Gv), 2___3a* (2) © Are By WN lecf| 76, 8B, “Br 0 oy pst + Fig: Amplitude Speckeurn of a Reine Cosire ple. the Giquae of, Marit % PPM Suslem waimg a Rardeal Comme pulab 0 cote ie ya bier ot Fiqwae 4 Matt = COVRDe 2 TB. TA” x 4G BAIN COMR)6 Ban, a (FO) pg vas Bras wd Tejashree S, Assistant Professor, Dept, of BCE r Email: tejashree.sasaividva.ac ii