Running head: DQ70-8 1

DQ70-8

Author’s Name

Institutional Affiliation
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DQ70-8

The scenario presented here shows how there is a notable disparity among patients with

diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2). Race/ethnicity is one of the fundamental variables that has been

discussed and seems to affect the rate at which patients develop DM2 (Cavagnolli et al., 2017).

As a result, there is a need to establish the perceived difference to come up with the appropriate

intervention measures. The PICOT question provides the reader with five elements that are

significant in unraveling the research problem. In this case, the researcher investigates African

American inpatients population with diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) (Inzucchi et al., 2015). There are

two intervention approaches that include incretin-based therapies and basal-bolus insulin routine

therapies in ensuring that the level of HbA1c is controlled effectively. The outcome measures of

the study show that there is a significant increase in the levels of HbA1c among African

Americans compared to Whites.

Furthermore, the synthesis table shows seven levels of different study approaches

regarding the development of DM2 among various population groups. As Bergenstal et al.

(2017) mention, Blacks had relatively higher HbA1c levels of 9.1 percent as compared to the

Whites who scored 8.3 percent. Research evidence shows that there are numerous diseases that

affect a certain proportion of the population more than the other (Marín-Peñalver, Martín-Timón,

& Del Cañizo-Gómez, 2016). As a result, it is vital to ensure that the studies address the required

research problem to provide suitable intervention measures.

From the study, the use of insulin therapy is highly recommended to patients with

diabetes in order to regulate the amount of blood sugar to normal. In this case, the study sought

to understand the effectiveness of incretin-based therapies and basal-bolus insulin routine

therapies. The two methods have the same objective in providing the desired patient outcomes.
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First, basal-bolus insulin approach allows the patient to take long-acting form of insulin to

stabilize glucose levels. On the other hand, incretin-based therapies entail the use of medications

or euglycemic in normalizing the level of glucose in the blood (Cavagnolli et al., 2017). From

the two approaches, I think they all have a significant impact on patient outcomes.

The outcome measures to use as indicators, in this case, will be the reduction of blood

sugar in the blood. There will be an evaluation of the blood sugar levels among the participating

patients to understand the efficiency of the two approaches. A reduction in the percentage will

imply that the method applied is effective in addressing the issue of blood sugar in the blood

(Bellido et al., 2015). It is important to comprehend that there is a standard level of blood sugar

that is considered optimal (Bergenstal et al., 2017). In this case, the outcome percentage will be

compared with the standard percentage to identify the difference.

The collection of data will be done through the admission and discharge of patients with

DM2. This procedure will be significant since it will entail looking into the patients’ condition to

understand whether the method applied worked effectively. Patients with DM2 admitted to

hospital will be charted through electronic health records (EHRs) and their condition monitored

throughout the hospital stay. The outcome will be analyzed by comparing the discharge blood

sugar level and the initial percentage.

The evaluation process of the data will entail descriptive and deduction approaches in

coming up with the final inference. After comparing the collected data, it would be essential for

the researcher to identify the disparities in blood sugar levels among the participants. This will

help to establish whether African Americans tend to have a higher blood sugar level compared to

Whites. To this end, there would be no need for statistical manipulation since the evaluation

methods to be used will require observation strategies.

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References

Bellido, V., Suarez, L., Rodriguez, M. G., Sanchez, C., Dieguez, M., Riestra, M., & Umpierrez,

G. E. (2015). Comparison of basal-bolus and premixed insulin regimens in hospitalized

patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 38(12), 2211-2216.

Bergenstal, R. M., Gal, R. L., Connor, C. G., Gubitosi-Klug, R., Kruger, D., Olson, B. A., &

Rickels, M. (2017). Racial differences in the relationship of glucose concentrations and

hemoglobin A1c levels. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(2), 95-102.

Cavagnolli, G., Pimentel, A. L., Freitas, P. A. C., Gross, J. L., & Camargo, J. L. (2017). Effect of

ethnicity on HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes: Systematic review and meta-

analysis. PLoS One, 12(2), e0171315.

Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., &

Matthews, D. R. (2015). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a

patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes

Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes

care, 38(1), 140-149.

Marín-Peñalver, J. J., Martín-Timón, I., & del Cañizo-Gómez, F. J. (2016). Management of

hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Translational Internal

Medicine, 4(4), 155-161.