MATH 2Z03 Day Class: Final Exam - Version 1

Instructor: Livia Corsi, Eric Harper, David Lozinski

Date: Monday, December 8
Duration: 3 hours.

Name: ID #:

Instructions:
This test paper contains 20 multiple choice and short answer questions printed on both
sides of the page. The questions are on pages 2 through 21. Pages 22 to 25 are available
for rough work. Helpful formulas are provided on page 26. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE
FOR ENSURING THAT YOUR COPY OF THE PAPER IS COMPLETE. BRING ANY
DISCREPANCIES TO THE ATTENTION OF THE INVIGILATOR.
Only the McMaster standard calculator, the Casio fx991, may be used.

Select the one correct answer to each question and ENTER THAT ANSWER INTO
THE SCAN CARD PROVIDED USING AN HB PENCIL. Room for rough work has
been provided in this question booklet. You are required to submit this booklet along
with your answer sheet, However, only short answer questions will be graded from the
booklet. Point values are marked on each question. The test is graded out of 90.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS MUST BE COMPLETED IN PERMANENT INK.
Computer Card Instructions:

IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT THE ANSWER SHEET

IS PROPERLY COMPLETED. YOUR TEST RESULTS DEPEND UPON
PROPER ATTENTION TO THESE INSTRUCTIONS.

The scanner that will read the answer sheets senses areas by their non-reflection of light.
A heavy mark must be made, completely filling the circular bubble, with an HB pen-
cil. Marks made with a pen or felt-tip marker will NOT be sensed. Erasures must be
thorough or the scanner may still sense a mark. Do NOT use correction fluid.

• Print your name, student number, course name, and the date in the space provided
at the top of Side 1 (red side) of the form. Then the sheet MUST be signed in
the space marked SIGNATURE.

• Mark your student number in the space provided on the sheet on Side 1 and fill
the corresponding bubbles underneath.

• Mark only ONE choice (A, B, C, D, E) for each question.

• Begin answering questions using the first set of bubbles, marked “1”.

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1. (3 marks) Find the general solution to

x2 y 00 + 5xy 0 − 12y = 0

(a) y = c1 x−5 + c2 x−7

(b) y = c1 x3 + c2 x4
(c) y = c1 x2 + c2 x−6
(d) y = c1 x6 + c2 x−1
(e) y = c1 x−10 + c2 x−2

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2. (3 marks) In solving the equation

y 00 + y = sin(x)

using variation of parameters, we have that the particular solution can be

yp = u1 sin(x) + u2 cos(x)

Find u2 .
Note: Some trig identities have been provided on the formula sheet.

(a) u2 = − 21 x + 14 sin(2x)
(b) u2 = sin2 (x) cos(x)
(c) u2 = cos(x) + sin(x)
(d) u2 = x + xex
(e) u2 = 1

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3. (3 marks) Suppose that a differential equation L(y) = x + xex has homogeneous

solution
y c = c1 + c2 x + c3 e x
where L(y) represents a linear differential equation with constant coefficients (it is
NOT the Laplace transform). Using the method of undetermined coefficients, what
form does the particular solution have?

(a) yp = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dxex + Eex

(b) yp = A + Bx + Cx2 ex + Dxex + Eex
(c) yp = A + Bx + Cxex + Dex
(d) yp = Ax2 + Bx3 + Cx2 ex + Dxex
(e) yp = Ax2 + Bx2 ex

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4. (3 marks) A spring with mass m = 1 and elastic constant k = 9 is subject to a

periodic forcing f (t) = sin t. There is no friction. If at t = 0 the spring is at rest,
with zero velocity and zero displacement, what is its equation of motion?

sin(9t)
(a) − sin(t)
9
sin(t) sin(3t)
(b) −
8 24
sin(t) cos(3t)
(c) +
9 8
(d) 3 sin(3t) − 9 sin(t)
sin(3t) cos(3t) sin(t) cos(t)
(e) − + +
6 8 12 8

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5. (3 marks) The differential equation describing the velocity v of a falling mass subject
to air resistance proportional to the velocity is given by the autonomous ODE
dv
m = mg − kv
dt
where k > 0 is the drag coefficient. The positive direction is down. If v(0) = v0 ,
what value does v approach as t becomes large?

gk
(a)
m
v0
(b)
2
1
(c)
g
gm
(d)
k
(e) v0 − gmk

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 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2014 Page 7 of 26

6. (3 marks) Let a, b, and c be positive numbers (none are zero). Determine the
behavior of every solution to the differential equation

ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 0

as t → ∞.

(a) lim y(t) = ∞

t→∞

(b) lim y(t) = −∞

t→∞

(c) lim y(t) = 0

t→∞

(d) lim y(t) = b2 − 4ac

t→∞

(e) lim y(t) = does not exist

t→∞

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 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2014 Page 8 of 26

7. (3 marks) Given the I.V.P. for y(t),

y 00 − 4y 0 + 3y = (t − 2)U(t − 2)

with y(0) = 1 and y 0 (0) = 7, where U is the Heaviside step function, which of the
following is an equation for Y (s), the Laplace transform of y?

(s + 3) e−2s
(a) Y = +
s2 − 4s + 3 s2 (s2 − 4s + 3)
(s − 2)
(b) Y =
m2 − 4m + 3
(c) Y = e−st (s2 − 4s + 3)
(d) Y = δ(s − 2)(s2 − 4s + 3)
2s
(e) Y = 2
s − 4s + 3

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 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2014 Page 9 of 26

8. (3 marks) Find the inverse Laplace transform

 
−1 3(s + 2)
L
s2 + 4s + 29

You may want to complete the square.

1 3t
(a) e sin(2t)
5
(b) e3t cosh(t − 2)
e−2t sin(3t)
(c)
t2 + 25
(d) e2t sin(3t)
(e) 3e−2t cos(5t)

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 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2014 Page 10 of 26

9. (3 marks) Which of the following integrals is the inverse Laplace transform

  
−1 5 1
L ?
s2 + 100 s−5
Z t
(a) est sin(10t)e5t dt
0
Z t
(b) e(s−5)t cos(10t)dt
0
Z t
1
(c) sin(10τ )e5(t−τ ) dτ
0 2
Z t
(d) cos(100τ )e−5τ dτ
0
Z t
1
(e) cos(t − τ )e5τ dτ
0 100

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10. (3 marks) The Laplace transform of y is given by

L {y} = e−πs .

Find y(t). Having determined y(t), which of the following is

Z ∞
y(t)teπt dt?
0

2
(a) πeπ
(b) 0
π2 π
(c) e
2
π
(d)
2
eπ
(e)
π+1

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11. (3 marks) A 2x2 matrix A with real entries has an eigenvector of

 
3+i
X=
i

You are given that  

2 + 4i
AX =
−1 + i
Which of these is an eigenvalue of A?

(a) 2 − i
(b) −2i
(c) −1 − 2i
(d) 1 + i
(e) 2 − i/2

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12. (3 marks) Consider the following linear system

(
x0 = 3x + 2y
y 0 = x + 3y

If one were to plot the solutions x(t) and y(t) on the phase plane, what sort of paths
would be seen?

(a) Closed ellipses

(b) Paths spiralling in toward a sink at the origin
(c) Spirals expanding outwards from a source at the origin
(d) Paths coming in toward a sink at the origin along fairly straight lines
(e) Paths radiating outward from a source at the origin

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13. (3 marks) Which of the following are Matlab functions that were used on the Matlab
assignments and tutorial files?

(a) rootfind, evalue, homog

(b) evalcomponent, evector, basis
(c) phaseplot, eigenvalue, ODEsystem
(d) plotgraph, calclambda, cauchy
(e) eig, quiver, meshgrid

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FOR THE FOLLOWING; PROVIDE THE SOLUTIONS ON THIS QUESTION

BOOKLET. YOU MUST SHOW ALL YOUR WORK FOR FULL CREDIT.

14. (6 marks) Consider the following linear system

(
x0 = −4x − 9y
y 0 = 6x + 11y

Find the general solution for the vector funtion

" #
x(t)
y(t)

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15. (6 marks) The population p(t) of fish in a fishery is modeled by the equation

dP
= P (5 − P ) − 4
dt
(a) Use the phase portrait of P to partition the plane into regions.
(b) Sketch representative solution curves for each of the regions.
(c) For what values of P (0), the initial population of the fish, is the population
sustainable (that means, it does not go to zero)?

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16. (6 marks) Find a solution of the nonlinear ODE

xy 0 = y 2 − y

that passes through the point (1, 2).

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17. (6 marks) Solve

x2 y 0 + 3xy = 3
assuming that x > 0.

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18. (6 marks) You are given the matrix

 
2 2
A= .
1 3

Compute A30

This is a short answer question, and is NOT to be answered on the scantron.

Nonetheless, circle the correct answer from among the following (correct choice of
answer is worth only 1 mark of the 6 marks. Show all your work.):

 
230 230
(a)
1 330
 30 
4 0
(b)
0 1
 1 30 2 30

3
(4 + 2) 3
(4 − 1)
(c) 1 30 2 30
3
(4 − 1) 3
(4 + 12 )
 1 30 2 30

3
(4 − 2) 3
4
(d) 1 30 2 30
3
4 3
(4 + 12 )
2 30
 
0 3
(4 − 1)
(e) 1 30
3
(4 − 1) 0

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19. (6 marks) Given the system of ODEs

dx dy
+ 2x − + 2y = 0
dt dt
dx dy
+ + 4y = 0
dt dt
and initial conditions x(0) = 3 and y(0) = 0, what is the Laplace transform of x(t)?

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20. (6 marks) Find two power series soutions about the ordinary point x = 0 to the
ODE
(x2 + 2)y 00 + y = 0
Provide the first three non-zero terms of each.

END OF TEST QUESTIONS

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Extra page for rough work. DO NOT DETACH!

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Extra page for rough work. DO NOT DETACH!

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Extra page for rough work. DO NOT DETACH!

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Extra page for rough work. DO NOT DETACH!

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Helpful Formulas. DO NOT DETACH!

Z ∞
L {f (t)} = F (s) = f (t)e−st dt,
0

1 n! 1
L{1} = , L{tn } = , L{eat } = ,
s sn+1 s−a
k s
L{sin(kt)} = , L{cos(kt)} = ,
s2 + k2 s2 + k2
k s
L{sinh(kt)} = , L{cosh(kt)} = ,
s2 − k2 s2 − k2

L{f (n) (t)} = sn F (s) − sn−1 f (0) − sn−2 f 0 (0) − ... − sf (n−2) (0) − f (n−1) (0)

L{eat f (t)} = F (s − a)

L{U(t − a)f (t − a)} = e−sa F (s) L{U(t − a)f (t)} = e−sa L{f (t + a)}

n dn n
L{t f (t)} = (−1) F (s)
dsn

L{f ∗ g} = F (s)G(s)
Z t
F (s)
L{ f (τ )dτ } =
0 s

L{δ(t − t0 )} = e−st0

2 sin(A) sin(B) = cos(A − B) − cos(A + B),

2 sin(A) cos(B) = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B),
2 cos(A) cos(B) = cos(A + B) + cos(A − B),
sin(A + B) = sin(A) cos(B) + cos(A) sin(B),
cos(A + B) = cos(A) cos(B) − sin(A) sin(B).

END OF TEST PAPER

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