a1, 430 PM tps ile. cial. comifpeig0 tipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, CAT 2022 Oe=t moge bing DN inw aiaags He a (Application No _ (Test Center Name (Test Date 772022 (Test Time 4:30 PM - 6:30 PM [Subject [CAT 2022, jote~ Answer Koys provided inthis candidate response sheet are provisional. tps digiaim.comperig0/pub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode W/CAT22 CAT22183D4318/16697213710108684)22123131_CAT2... 145a0, 430 PM tos ile. cilalm. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /CAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, an Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Interpretations ofthe Indian past. wera inevitably influenced by colonial concerns and interests, and also by prevalent European ideas about history, cviizallon and the Orient Oriontalst scholars studied the languages and the texts wih selected Indian scholars, but ‘made litle attempt to understand the wor-view of those who were teaching them. The readings therefore are something of a aisjuncture from the tadlional ways of looking at tre Inia past. Crientatsm {which we can understand broadly as Wester perceptions ofthe Orient fueled the fantasy and the Freedom sought by European Romanticism, particulary init opposition to the more disciplined Neo-Classicsm. The cures of Asia were Seen as bringing anew Romantic paradigm. Another Renaissance was anticipated through an acquaintance with the Orient, and thi, twas thought, would be efferent from the earlier Greek Renaissance. twas believed that ths Onental Renaissance would liberate European thought anc itrature from the inereasing focus an dscipline and raionally that had followed from the earer Enlightenment... [The Romantic English posts, Wordsworth and Coleridge.) were apprehensive ofthe changes introduced by industalzation and tured to nature and to Fantasies othe Orient However, this enthusiasm gradually changed, to conform with tho emphasis lator inthe nineteenth century onthe innate superiority of European civilization. Oriental civilizations were: now seen as having ence been great but currently in decline, The varius phases of Oriantatism tended to mould European understanding ofthe Indian past into a particular pattem... There was an attemp to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived trom texts that were given prionty. The so-calea ‘discovery’ of India was largely through selected Iterature in Sanskrit. This interpretation landed to emphasize non-histrical aspects of Indian culture, fr example the idea ofan unchanging continuity of society anc Faligion over 3,000 years; and it was believed thatthe Indian pattern of life was so concerned with metaphysics and the subtle of religious bel that tle attention was given Io the more tangible aspects, German Romanticism endorsed tis image of India, and it became the mystic land for many Europeans, where even the most ordinary actions were imbued with a complex symbolism. This was the genesis ofthe idea ofthe spirtual east, and also, incidental, the refuge of European intellectuals seeking to distance themselves from the changing pattarns oftheir ‘vn sociatios. A dichotomy in values was maintained, Indian values being described as. ‘spirtual and European values as ‘materialistic’, with ite attempt to juxtapose these values withthe realy of Indian society. This theme has bean even more fly endorsed by a section of Indian opinion during the last hundred years. twas a consolation tothe Indian intligentsia fr its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority of the west, a superiorty viewed as having enabled Euroge to colonize ‘Asia and other pars ofthe word. tthe height of ant-colonial nationalism it acted as a salve ‘or having boon made a colony of Britain ‘SubQuestion No: 1 Which one of the following styles of research is most similar to the Orientalist Scholars! method of understanding Indian history and culture? % 1. Reading about theife of early American sels and later waves of migration to understand the evolution of American culture, X 2. Reading 18 contury accounts by vavelos to nat See how they vowed nan Ie and culture of the ime, 1X 3. Studying artefacts excavated at a palace to understand te ifesyle of those who lived there. 0 4. Analysing Holywood action movies that depict violence and sex to understand contemporary America, Question Type : MEQ Question 1D : 48916815211 ‘Status = Answered ‘Chosen Option : 2 tps digiaim comperig0/pub/75BrouchstonelAssessmentQPHTMLMade V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4315/166972 187 10105884/22123131_CAT2. 2148a0, 430 PM tos sled. cial. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, az Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Interpretations ofthe Indian past. wera inevitably influenced by colonial concerns and interests, and also by prevalent European ideas about history, cviizallon and the Orient. Oriontaist scholars studied the languages and the texts wih selected Indian scholars, but ‘made litle attempt to understand the wor-view of thase who were teaching them. The readings therefore are something of a cisjuncture from the tadlional ways of looking at tre Inia past. Crientatsm {which we can understand broadly as Wester perceptions ofthe Orient fueled the fantasy and the Freedom sought by European Romanticism, particulary init opposition to the more disciplined Neo-Classicsm. The cures of Asia were Seen as bringing anew Romantic paradigm. Another Renaissance was anticipated through an acquaintance with the Orient, and thi, twas thought, would be efferent from the earlier Greek Renaissance twas believed that this Onental Renaissance would liberate European thought anc itrature from the inereasing focus an dscipline and raionaliy that had followed from the earer Enlightenment... [The Romantic English posts, Wordsworth and Coleridge.) were apprehensive ofthe changes introduced by industalzation and tured to nature and to Fantasies othe Orient However, this enthusiasm gradually changed, to conform with tho emphasis lator inthe nineteenth century onthe innate superiority of European civilization. Oriental civilizations were row seen as having ence been great Sut currently in decline, The varius phases of Orientatism tended to mould European understanding ofthe Indian past into a particular pattem... There was an attemp to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived trom texts that were given priory. The so-calea ‘discovery’ of India was largely through selected Iterature in Sanskrit. This interpretation landed to emphasize non-historical aspects of Indian culture, for example the idea ofan unchanging continuity of society anc Feligion over 3,000 years; and it was believed thatthe Indian pattern of life was so concerned with metaphysics and the sublltes of religious bel that tle attention was given Io the more tangible aspects, German Romanticism endorsed this image of India, and it became the mystic land for many Europeans, where even the most ordinary actions were imbued with a complex symbolism. This was the genesis ofthe idea ofthe spirtual east, and also, incidental, the refuge of European intellectuals seeking to distance themselves from the changing pattarn of their ‘vn sociatios. A dichotomy in values was maintained, Indian values being described as. ‘spirtual and European values as ‘materialistic’, with ite attempt to juxtapose these values withthe rely of Indian society. This theme has bean even more fry endorsed by a section cf Indian opinion during the last hundred years. twas a consolation tothe Indian ntligentsia fr its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority ofthe west, a superiorty viewed as having enabled Europe to colonize ‘Asia and other pars ofthe word. tthe height of ant-colonial nationalism itacted as a salve ‘or having boon made a colony of Britain ‘SubQuestion No: 2 It ean be inferred from the passage thatthe author is not likely to support the viow that 7X 1. the Orientatist view of Asta fred the imagination of some Westem poets. 7% 2 Indian culture acknowledges the material aspects of ite 0 3 Incia became a colony though it matched the technical knowledge of the West. 7% 4. India's culture has evolved over the centuries. Question Type : MEQ Question ID : 48916815210 ‘Status : Answered ‘Chosen Option : 4 tps digiaim comperig0/pub/75BrouchstonelAssessmentQPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4315/166972 187 10105884/22123131_CAT2. 314sa0, 430 PM tps led. cial. comiperig0 ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, as Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Interpretations ofthe Indian past. wera inevitably influenced by colonial concerns and interests, and also by prevalent European ideas about history, cvitzlion and the Orient Oriontaist scholars studied the languages and th texts wih selected Indian scholars, but ‘made Ile attempt to understand the worl-view of those who were teaching them. The readings therefore are something of a cisjuncture from the tadiional ways of looking at tre Inia past. Crientatsm [which we can understand broadly as Wester perceptions ofthe Orient fueled the fantasy and the Freedom sought by European Romanticism, particulary in its opposition to the more disciplined Neo-Classicsm. The cures of Asia were Seen as bringing a new Romantic paradigm. Another Renaissance was anticipated through an acquaintance with the Orient, and thi, twas thought, would be efferent from the earlier Greek Renaissance twas believed that ths Onental Renaissance would liberate European thought anc itrature frm the increasing focus an dscipline and raionaliy that had followed from the earlier Enlightenment... [The Romantic English posts, Wordsworth and Coleridge.) were apprehensive ofthe changes introduced by industalzation and tured to nature and to Fantasies othe Orient However, this enthusiasm gradually changed, to conform with the emphasis lator inthe nineteenth century onthe innate superiority of European civilization. Oriental civilizations were now seen as having ence been great but currently in decline, The various phases of Orientatism tended to mould European understanding ofthe Indian past into a particular pattem... There was an attemp to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived trom texts that were given priority. The so-calea ‘discovery’ of India was largely through selected Iterature in Sanskrit. This interpretation landed to emphasize non-histrical aspects of Indian culture, fr example the idea ofan unchanging continuity of society anc Feligion over 3,000 years; and it was believed thatthe Indian pattern of life was so concerned with metaphysics and the sublltes of religious bel that tle attention was given Io the more tangible aspects, German Romanticism endorsed tis image of India, and it became the mystic land for many Europeans, where even the most ordinary actions were imbued with a complex symbolism. This was the genesis ofthe idea ofthe spirtual east, and also, incidental, the refuge of European intolectuals seeking to distance themselves from the changing patterns oftheir ‘vn sociatios. A dichotomy in values was maintained, Indian values being described as. ‘spirtual and European values as ‘materialistic’, with ite attempt to juxtapose these values withthe rely of Indian society. This theme has bean even mare fly endorsed by a section of Indian opinion during the last hundred years. Iwas a consolation tothe Indian intligentsia fr its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority of the west, a superorty viewed as having enabled Euroge to colonize ‘Asia and other pars ofthe word. tthe height of ant-colonial nationalism it acted as a salve ‘or having boon made a colony of Britain SubQuestion No: 3 Ian be inferred from the passage that to gain amore accurate view of a nation’s history and culture, scholars should do all ofthe following EXCEPT: 7% 1. read widely in the country's ttratur 7 2. examine their own beliefs and biases, X 3. examine the complex realy ofthat nation's society. «A 4. develop an oppositonal framework to grasp cultural ferences, Question Type : MEQ Question ID : 48916815209 ‘Status : Answered ‘Chosen Option : 4 htpscdn digiaim comperig0/pub/75BrouchstonelAssessmentQPHTMLMode /CAT22 /CAT221S34315/165972 187 10105884/22123131_CAT2. 4185a0, 430 PM tos ile. cilalm. comiperig0 ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /CAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, ae Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Interpretations ofthe Indian past. wera inevitably influenced by colonial concerns and interests, and also by prevalent European ideas about history, cviizlion and the Orient. Oriontalst scholars studied the languages and th texts wih selected Indian scholars, but ‘made litle attempt to understand the wor-view of thase who were teaching them. The readings therefore are something of a cisjuncture from the tadlional ways of looking al tre Inia past. Crientatsm {which we can understand broadly as Wester perceptions ofthe Orient fueled the fantasy and the Freecom sought by European Romanticism, particulary in its opposition to the more disciplined Neo-Classicsm. The cures of Asia were Seen as bringing new Romantic paradigm. Another Renaissance was anticipated through an acquaintance with the Orient, and thi, twas thought, would be efferent from the earlier Greek Renaissance twas belived that this Onental Renaissance would liberate European thought anc itrature from the inereasing focus an dscipline and raionally that had followed from the eariar Enlightenment... [The Romantic English posts, Wordsworth and Coleridge.) were apprehensive ofthe changes introduced by industalzation and tured to nature and to Fantasies othe Orient However, this enthusiasm gradually changed, to conform with tho emphasis lator inthe nineteenth century onthe innate superiority of European civilization. Oriental cviizations were: now seen as having ence been great but currently in decline, The various phases of Orientatsm tended to mould European understanding ofthe Indian past into a particular pattem... There was an attemp to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived trom texts that were given prionty. The so-calea ‘discovery’ of Incia was largely through selected Iterature in Sanskrit. This interpretation landed to emphasize non-historical aspects of Indian culture, fr example the idea ofan unchanging continuity of society anc Feligion over 3,000 years; and it was believed thatthe Indian pattern of life was so concerned with metaphysics and the sublltes of religious belt that tle attention was given tothe more tangible aspects, German Romanticism endorsed this image of India, and it became the mystic land for many Europeans, where even the most ordinary actions were imbued with a complex symbolism. This was the genesis ofthe idea ofthe spirtual east, and also, incidental, the refuge of European intellectuals seeking to distance themselves from the changing pattern of their ‘vn sociatios. A dichotomy in values was maintained, Indian values being described as. ‘spirtual and European values as ‘materialistic’, with ite attempt to juxtapose these values withthe realy of Indian society. This theme has been even mare fly endorsed by a section of Indian opinion during the last hundred years. |twas a consolation tothe Indian ntligentsia fr its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority of the west, a superiorty viewed as having enabled Europe to colonize ‘Asia and other pars ofthe word. tthe height of ant-colonial nationalism itacted as a salve ‘or having boon mage a colony of Britain SubQuestion No: 4 Inthe context ofthe passage, all ofthe following statements are true EXCEPT: 7X 1. Indian texts influenced Orientaist scholars. A 2 India’s spitualism served as a salve for European colonisers 1% 3. Orentalsts understanding of Indian history was linked to colonial concerns. % 4. Orontalst scholarship influenced Indians. Question Type : MCQ ‘Question ID : 48916815208 ‘Status : Answered (Chosen Option : 4 tps digiaim comperig0/pub/75BrouchstonelAssessmentQPHTMLMode /CAT22 /CAT221S3D4315/165972 187 10105884/22123131_CAT2. 514sa0, 430 PM tos sled. cial. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /CAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Sociologists working in the Chicago Schoo tradition have focused on how rapid or dramatic social change causes increases in crime. Just as Durkheim, Marx, Teennies, and other European sociolog ste thought thatthe rapid changes pradicad by industializaon ang Urbanization produced crime and disorder, 80 too dis the Chicaga School theorists. The locaton ofthe University of Chicago provided an excelent opportunity for Park, Burgess, and MeKenzie to study the social ecology ofthe cy. Shaw and McKay found ... that areas ofthe tity characterized by high levels of social disorganization had higher rates of crime and delinquency. In the 1920s and 1930s Chicago, ke many American cities, experienced considerable immigration. Rapid population growth isa cisorganizing influence, but growth resulting from inemigration of very diferent people is partculry csruptve, Chicago's in-migrants were both native-tom whites and blacks from rural areas and smal towns, and foreign immigrants. The heavy industry of eis like Chicago, Detail, and Pitlzburgh drew those sacking opporturitios and new lives. Farmers and vilagers from America's hinterland, tke tha ‘whom Durcheim wrote, moved in large numbers into ces. A the start ofthe Century, Americans were predominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas. The social ves ofthese migrants, as well as those already ving in the cities they moved to, were dstuptod bythe dffroncos botwoen urban and rural if. ‘According to social disorganization theory, until the social ecology ofthe “new place” can ‘adapt, ths rapid cnange isa criminogenieinflence, But most rural migrants, and even many ofthe foreign immigrants tothe city, looked lke and eventually spoke tre same language as the natives ofthe tes into which they moved. These similarities allowed for more rapié social integration for these migrants than was the case for Arcan Americans and most foreign immigrants. In these same decades America experianced what has been called “the great migration”: the ‘massive movement of African Americans out ofthe rural South and into nerthern (and some southern) cities. The scale ofthis migration is one ofthe most dramatic in human histor. These migrants, unlike ther white counterparts, were not integrated into the cies they now called home. Infact, most American eles atthe end f tho twontieth century were characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation... Failure to integrate these rigrant, coupled with other forces of social disorganization such as crowding, poverty, and lines, causes crime rates to cl in the ces, particularly in the segregated wards and neighborhoods where the migrants were forced to lv, Foreign immigrants curing this peviod did not lok as dramatically ciferent from the rat of the population as blacks ci, but the migrants from eastem and southern Europe who came to ‘American clas did not speak English, and were trequenty Cathol, while the native born ‘wore mostly Protestant. The combination of rapid population growth withthe diversity of those ‘moving ito the ces created what the Chicago Schoo! sociologists called social disorganization SubQuestion No: 5 Q5 A fundamental conclusion by the author is that ‘Ans X 1. to prevent cre, itis important to maintain social order through maintaining social segregation ‘#7 2 2pid population growin and demographic diversity give rise to social disorganisaton that can feed the growth of crime. X 3. according to European sociolosis rime in America is mainly in Chicago. XK 4. the best circumstances for crime to flourish are when there are severe racial isparties Question Type : McQ ‘Question ID: 48916815325 ‘Status > Answered Chosen Option : 2 hitpscdn digiaim comperig0/pub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentOPHTMLMode W/CAT22 CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT2... 645a0, 430 PM tps led. cial. comifperigo tipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Sociologists working in the Chicago Schoo tradition have focused on how rapid or dramatic social change causes increases in crime. Just as Durkheim, Marx, Teenries, and other Europetn sociolog ste thought thatthe rapid changes pradiced by industializaon ang Urbanization produced crime and disorder, 80 too dis the Chicaga School theorists. The locaton ofthe University of Chicago provided an excelent opportunity for Park, Burgess, and MeKenzie to study the social ecology ofthe cy. Shaw and MeKay found ... that areas ofthe tity characterized by high levels of social disorganization had higher rates of crime and delinquency. Inthe 1920s and 1980s Chicago, ike many American cities, experienced considerable immigration. Rapid population growth isa isorganizing influence, but growth resulting from inemigration of very diferent people is partculry isruptve. Chicago's immigrants were both native-born whites and blacks from rural areas and smal towns, and foreign immigrants. The heavy industry of eis like Chicago, Detroit, and Pitlzburgh drew those sacking opporturitios and new lives. Farmers and vilagers from America's hinterland, tke tha ‘whom Durcheim wrote, moved in large numbers into cies. A the start ofthe Century, Americans were predominalaly a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas. The social ves ofthese migrants, as well as those already living in the cities they moved to, were dstuptod bythe dffroncos botwoen urban and rua if. ‘According to social disorganization theory, until the social ecology ofthe “new place” can ‘adapt, ths rapid cnange isa criminogenie inflence, But most rural migrants, and even many ‘the foreign immigrants tothe city, looked Ike and eventually spoke tre same language as the natives ofthe tes into which they moved. These similares allowed for more rapié social integration for these migrants than was the case for Arcan Americans and most foreign immigrants. In these same decades America experianced what has been called “the great migration”: the ‘massive movement of African Americans out ofthe rural South and into nertern (and some southern) cities. The scale ofthis migration is one ofthe most dramatic in human histor. These migrants, unlike ther white counterparts, were not integrated into the cies they now called home. Infact, most American eles atthe end af the twonteth century were characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation... Failure to integrate these rigrant, coupled with other forces of social disorganization such as crowding, poverty, and lines, causes crime rates to cl in the cies, particularly in the segregated wards and neighborhoods where the migrants were forced to iv, Foreign immigrants curing this peviod id not lok as dramatically ciferent from the rat of the population as blacks ci, but the migrants from eastem and southarn Europe who came to ‘American cites did not speak English, and were trequenty Cathol, while the native born ‘wore mostly Protestant. The combination of rapid population growth with the dversity of those ‘moving ito the cites created what the Chicago Schoo! sociologists called social disorganization SubQuestion No: 6 G6 Which one ofthe following is not a valid inference from the passage? Ans 1. According to socal cisorganisation theory, fast-paced social change provides fertile ‘ground for the rapid growth of exime. X 2. The failure to integrate r-migrants, along with social problems tke poverty, was a significant reason forthe rise in erime in American cites. 7 3. According to social disorganisatio theory, the social integration of African American migrants inte Chicago was slower because they were lass organise. 7X 4. The ferences between urban and rural iestyles were crucial factors inthe disruption experienced by migrants to American cites, ‘Question Type : McQ ‘Question ID : 48916815321 ‘talus : Answered (Chosen Option : 3 hitpscdn digiaim.comperig0/pub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode W/CAT22 CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT2... 7145a0, 430 PM tos ile. cilalm. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Sociologists working in the Chicago School raion have focused on how rapid or dramatic social change causes increases in crime. Just as Durkheim, Marx, Teennies, and other European sociolog ste thought thatthe rapid changes pradiced by industalizaon ang Urbanization produced crime and disorder, 80 too dis the Chicaga School theorists. The locaton ofthe Universty of Chicago provided an excelent opportunity for Park, Burgess, and MeKenzie to study the social ecology ofthe cy. Shaw and Mckay found ... that areas ofthe tity characterized by high levels of social disorganization had higher rates of crime and delinquency. Inthe 1920s and 1930s Chicago, ike many American cities, experienced considerable immigration. Rapld population growth isa lsorganizing influence, but growth resulting from inemigration of very diferent people is partculry isruptve. Chicago's in-migrants were both native-born writes and blacks from rural areas and smal towns, and foreign immigrants. The heavy industry of cies like Chicago, Detroit, and Pitburgh drew those sacking opportunities and new lives. Farmers and vilagers from America's hinterland, tke tha \whom Durcheim wrote, moved in large numbers into ces. A the start ofthe Century, Americans were predominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas. The social ves ofthese migrants, as well as those already tvng in the cities they moved to, were dstuptod by the dffroncos botwoen urban and rua if. ‘According to social disorganization theory, until the social ecology ofthe “new place” can ‘adapt, this rapid cnange isa criminogenieinflence, But most rural migrants, and even many ofthe foreign immigrants tothe city, looked Ike and eventually spoke tre same language as the natives ofthe tes into which they moved. These similarities allowed for more rapié social integration for these migrants than was the case for Arcan Americans and most foreign immigrants. In these same decades America experianced what has been called “the great migration”: the ‘massive movement of African Americans out ofthe rural South and into nertern (and some southern) cities. The scale ofthis migration is one ofthe most dramatic in human histor. ‘These migrants, unlike ther white counterparts, were not integrated into the cies they now called home. Infact, most American eles atthe end af tho twonteth century were characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation... Failure to integrate these rigrant, coupled wit other forces of social disorganization such as crowding, poverty, and lines, causes crime rates to cl in the ces, particularly in the segregated wards and neighbornoods where the migrants were forced to iv, Foreign immigrants curing this petiod did not lok as dramatically ciferent from the ret of the population as blacks li, but the migrants from eastem and southern Europe who came to ‘American cites did not speak English, and were trequenty Cathol, while the native born ‘wore mostly Protestant. The combination of rapid population growth withthe dversity of those ‘moving ito the cites created what the Chicago Schoo! sociologists called social disorganization SubQuestion No: 7 Q.7 Which one of the following sets of words/phrases best encapsulates the issues discussed in the passage? ‘Ans X 1. Rapid population growth; Heavy industry: Segregation; Crime XX 2. Chicaga School Native-bom Whites; European immigrants; Poverty 7% 3. Durkheim; Marx; Toennies; Shaw 9 4 Chicago School; Socal organisation: Migration; Crime Question Type : MEQ ‘Question ID: 48916818323, Status > Answered ‘Chosen Option : 4 htpscdn digiaim comperig0/ub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode W/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT2... 8145yan, 430 PM tos sled. cial. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Sociologists working in the Chicago Schoo tradition have focused on how rapid or dramatic social change causes increases in crime. Just as Durkheim, Marx, Teenries, and other European sociolog ste thought thatthe rapid changes praduiced by industializaon ang Urbanization produced crime and disorder, g0 too dis the Chicaga School theorists. The locaton ofthe University of Chicago provided an excelent opportunity for Park, Burgess, and MeKenzie to study the social ecology ofthe cy. Shaw and McKay found ... that areas ofthe tity characterized by high levels of social disorganization had higher rates of crime and delinquency. Inthe 1920s and 1980s Chicago, ike many American cities, experienced considerable immigration. Rapid population growth isa eisorganizing influence, but growth resulting from inemigration of very diferent people is partculry csruptve. Chicago's immigrants were both native-born whites and blacks from rural areas and smal towns, and foreign immigrants. The heavy industry of eis like Chicago, Detroit, and Pitlzburgh drew those sacking opportunities and new lives. Farmers and vilagers from America's hinterland, tke tha \whom Durcheim wrote, moved in large numbers into cies. A the start ofthe Century, Americans were predominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas. The social ves ofthese migrants, as well as those already ving in the cies they movod to, were dstuptod by the dffroncos botwoen urban and rua if. ‘According to social disorganization theory, until the social ecology ofthe “new place” can ‘adapt, ths rapid cnange isa criminogenie inflience, But most rural migrants, and even many ofthe foreign immigrants tothe city, looked Ike and eventually spoke tre same language as the natives of the tes into which they moved. These similarities allowed for more rapié social integration for these migrants than was the case for Arcan Americans and most foreign immigrants. In these same decades America experianced what has been called “the great migration”: the ‘massive movement of African Americans out ofthe rural South and into nertern (and some southern) cities. The scale ofthis migration is one ofthe most dramatic in human histor. These migrants, unlike ther white counterparts, were not integrated into the cies they now called home. Infact, most American cles atthe end af tho twontieth cantury were characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation... Failure to integrate these rigrant, coupled with other forces of social disorganization such as crowding, poverty, and lines, causes crime rates to cl in the cies, particularly in the segregated wards and neighborhoods where the migrants were forced to lv, Foreign immigrants curing this peviod did not lok as dramatically ciferent from the rat of the population as blacks ei, but the migrants from eastem and southern Europe who came to ‘American cites did not speak English, and were trequenty Cathol, while the native born ‘wore mostly Protestant. The combination of rapid population growth with the dversity of those ‘moving ito the cites created what the Chicago Schoo! sociologists called social disorganization SubQuestion No: 8 @.8 The author notes that, “At the stat ofthe twentieth century, Americans were redominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas." Which one of the following statements, if rue, does not contradict this Statement? Ane of 1. Demographic translion in America in the twentieth century is strongly marked by an ‘outmigraton from rural areas, XK 2. A population census conducted in 1952 showed that more Americans lived in rural ‘areas than in urban ones, XX 3. Economists have found that throughout the twentieth century, the size ofthe labour {orce in America has always been largest in rural areas. ‘X 4. The estimation of per capita income in Amerie inthe mia-twenteth century primary required data from rural areas. Question Type : MEQ ‘Question ID : 48916815322 ‘Status : Answered Chosen Option : 4 hitpscdn digiaim.comperig0/ub/75Bouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode W/CAT22 /CAT22183D4318/16697213710108684)22123131_CAT2... 945rain, 430 PM tos ile. cial. comiperig0 ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /CAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, ae Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. [As software improves, the people using It bacome less likely to sharpan their own know-how. ‘Applications tha offer lols of prompts and tip are often to blame; simple, less solctous programs push people harder Io think, act and learn. Ten years ago, information scientists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands had a group of people carry out complicated analytical and planning tasks using ether rudimentary software that provided no assistance or sophisticated sofware that offered a great deal of ad. The researchers found thatthe people using the simple software developed better strategies, ‘made fewer mistakes and developed a deeper apttude forthe wark. The people using the more advanced sofware, mearwrile, would often “aimlessly click around’ when confronted with a tricky problem. The supposedly helpful sofware actually shor-cruited ther thinking and learning, [According to] philosopher Huber Dreyfus... our skills got sharper only through practic, ‘when wa use them regularly to overcome diferent sorts of diffeut challenges, The goal af ‘modem software, by cnlras, is lo ease our way through such challenges. Arduous, painstaking work s exactly what programmers are most eager to aulomate—after all, that is ‘where the immediate effiency gains tend ole. In other words, a fundamental tension ripples bbetwoon the interests ofthe people doing the automation and te interests ofthe people doing the work. Novertholass, automation’s scope continues to widen. With the rise of electronic health records, physicians increasingly rely on sofware templates to guide them through patient fexams. The programs incorporete valuable checklists and alert, but hey also make mecicine ‘more routinized and formulaie--ang distance doctors from thar patients. -.. Harvard Medical ‘School professor Beth Lown, in a 2012 journal article... wamed that when doctors become “soreen-iven,” flowing a computers prompts rather than "the patent's narative thread,” thelr thinking can become constcted. In te worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals. Ina recent paper published inthe oumal Diagnosis, three medical researchers ... examined the misdiagnosis of Thomas Eric Duncan, the fst person to die of Ebola inthe U.S.,al Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Daias. They argue thatthe digital templates used by the hospitals clicians to recors patient information prabably elpedto induce a kindof tunnel vision. "These high constrained tool, the researchers write, "are optimized for data capture but atthe expense of secrifcing their ult for appropriate triage and diagnosis, leacing users to miss the forest forthe tres.” Medical software, they wre, is no “replacement for basic, Aistory-taking, examination skis, and erica inking” Tare is an alternative, In “human-centered automation, the talents of people take precedence... In this model, sofware plays an essential but secondary role. It takes over Foutine functions thal a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations aise, provdes fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and {counter the biases that often distort human thinking. The technology becomes the experts pariner, not the expert's replacement. Subquestion No: 9 Inthe Ebola misdiagnosis case, wo can infer that doctors probably missed the forest {or the trees because: 7% 1. they used the wrong type of gia templates forthe case 0 2 they wore led by the data processed by digital templates. X 3 the cigital templates forcee them to acquire tunnel vision. 7 4. the data collectes were not sufciont fr appropriate triage. Question Type : MCQ ‘Question ID : 48916815204 ‘talus : Answered (Chosen Option : 2 hitpscdn glam comperig0/ub/75BrouchstoneiAssessmentQPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684/22123131_CAT. 105rain, 430 PM tps ile. cilalm. comiperigo tipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, a0 Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question [As software improves, the people using It bacome less likely to sharpan thelr own know-how. ‘Applications tha offer lols of prompts and tip are often to blame; simple, less solcitous programs push people harder Io think, act and learn. Ton years ago, information scientists at Utecht University in the Netherlands had a group of people carry out complicated analytical and planning tasks using ether rudimentary software that provided no assistance or sophisticated sofware that offered a great deal of ad. The researchers found that the people using the simple sofware developed better strategies, ‘made fewer mistakes and developed a deeper apttude forthe wark. The people using the more advanced sofware, mearwrile, would often “aimlessly click aroune’ when confronted with a ricky problem. The supposedly helpful sofware actually shor-ceuited ther thinking fan learning, [According to] philosopher Huber Dreyfus... our skills got sharper only through practic, ‘when we use them regularly to overcome diferent sorts of diffeut challenges, The goal af ‘modem software, by cnlras, is lo ease our way through such challenges, Arduous, painstaking work is exactly what programmers are most eager to automate—after all, that is ‘where the immediate effiency gains tend tole. In other words, a fundamental tension ripples bbetwoon the interests ofthe people doing the automation and the interests ofthe people doing the work. Novertholass, automation’s scope continues to widen. With the ris of electronic health records, physicians increasingly rely on sofware templates to guide them through patient fexams. The programs incorporete valuable checklists and alert, but hey also make macicine ‘mors routinized and formulaie-an distance doctors from thai patients. -.. Harvard Medical School professor Beth Lown, in a 2012 jaural article... warned that when doctors become “sereen-iven,” flowing a computers prompts rather than "the patient's narrative thread,” thelr thinking can become constcted. In the worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals. Ina recent paper published inthe oumal Diagnosis, three medical researchers ... examined the misdiagnosis of Thomas Eric Duncan, the fist person to die of Ebola inthe U.S.,al Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Daias. They argue thatthe digital templates used by the hospitals clincians to recors patient information probably elped to induce a kindof tunnel vision. "These hight constrained tools, the researchers write, "are optimized for data capture but atthe expense of sacrificing their ult for appropriate triage and diagnosis, leacing users to miss the forest forthe tres.” Medical software, they wre, is no “replacement for basic, istory-taking, examination skis, and erica inking” There is an alternative. In “human-centered automation, the talents of people take precedence... n this model, software plays an essential but secondary role. It takes over Foutine functions thal a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations alge, provdes fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and counter the biases that often distort human thinking. The technology becomes the experts pariner, not the expert's replacement SubQuestion No: 10 From the passage, we can infer that the author is apprehensive about the use of sophisticated automation for al of the following reasons EXCEPT that XK 1. it stunts the development of its users. XK 2 it could mislead people X 3. it stops users from exercising their minds. A 4 computers could replace humans. ‘Question Type : McQ. ‘Question ID : 48916815200 ‘talus : Answered Chosen Option : 4 hitpscdn digiaim comperig0/ub/75BrouchstoneiAssessmentQPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT. Msa0, 430 PM tps ile. cial. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, bu Comprehension: “The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer fo each ‘question [As software improves, the people using It bacome less likely to sharpen their own know-how. ‘Applications that offer los of prompts and tips are often to blame; simple, less solcitous programs push people harder Io think, act and learn. Ten years ago, information scientists al Uiecht University in the Netherlands had a group of people carry out complicated analytical and planning tasks using ether rudimentary software that provided no assistance or sophisticated sofware that offered a great deal of ac. The researchers found that the people usin the simple sofware developed beter strategies, made fewer mistakes and developed a deeper apttude forthe work. The people using the more advanced sofware, mearwrile, would often “aimlessly click around’ when confronted ith a ricky problem. The supposedly helpful sofware actually shor-crcuited ther thinking and learning, {According to] philosopher Hubert Dreyfus... our skils got sharper only through practice, ‘when we use them regularly to overcome diferent sorts of ditfcul challenges, The goal of ‘modem software, by conlras, slo ease our way through such challenges, Arduous, painstaking work is exactly what programmers are most eager to aulomate—after all, that is ‘where the immediate effeiency gains tend tole. In other words, a fundamental tension ripples betwoon the interests ofthe people doing the automation and the interests ofthe people ‘doing the work, Novertholass, automation’s scope continues to widen. With the ris of electronic health records, physicians increasingly rely on sofware templates to guide them through patient exams. The programs incorporate valuable checklists and alerts, but they also make medicine more routnized and formulaic—ana distance doctors trom their patients... Harvard Medical School professor Beth Lown, in a 2012 journal atte... ws “scroen-driven fllowing a computer's prompts rather than “the patient's narrative thread,” thelr thinking can become constcted. In the worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals. Ina recent paper published inthe oumal Diagnosis, three medical researchers ... examined the misdiagnosis of Thomas Eric Duncan, te fist person to die of Ebola inthe U.S., al Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Daias. They argue thatthe digital templates used by the hospitas clincians to record patent information probably elped to induce a kindof tunnel vision. "These hight constrained tools," the researchers write, "are optimized for data capture 3 the expense of sacrificing ther uly for appropriate triage anc diagnosis, leading users to miss the forest forthe tres.” Medical software, they wre, is no “replacement for basic, historytaking, examination skis, and eical trinking ‘There isan alternative. In humar-centered automation, the precedence Foutine functions thal a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations aise, provides fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and counters the biases that often distor human thinking. The technology becomes the experts pariner, not the expert's replacement SubQuestion No: 11 2.11 In the contoxt of the passage, human-centered automation EXCEPT: Ane of 1. software that auto-complete text when the user wites an email 7X 2 software that offers interpretations when requested by the human operator. 7X 3. a smart-home system that changes the temperature as instructed by the resident. 7 4. medical sofware that provides optional feeaback on the doctor's analysis ofthe that when doctors become ns of people take In this model, sofware plays an essential but secondary rol. Ittakes over ofthe following can be considered examples of Question Type : MCQ ‘Question ID: 48916815201 ‘Status > Answered Chosen Option : 2 hitpscdn digiaim.comperig0/ub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode W/CAT22 CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT.. 1245rain, 430 PM tps led. cial. comifperig0 tipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /CAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, ana Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. [As software improves, the people using It bacome less likely to sharpen their own know-how. ‘Applicaions tha offer lols of prompts and tins are often to blame; simple, less solcitous programs push people harder Io think, act and learn Ton years ago, information scientists at Utecht Universiyin the Netherlands had a group of people carry out complicated analytical and planning tasks using ether rudimentary software that provided no assistance or sophisticated sofware that offered a great deal of ad. The researchers found that the people using the simple software developed better strategies, ‘made fewer mistakes and developed a deeper apttude forthe wark. The people using the more advanced sofware, mearwrile, would often “aimlessly click around’ wen confronted with a ricky problem. The supposedly helpful sofware actually shor-crcuited ther thinking and learning, {According to] philosopher Hubert Dreyfus... our skills get sharper only through practic, ‘when we use them regularly to overcome diferent sorts of difeul challenges, The goal af ‘modem software, by contra, slo ease our way through such challenges, Arduous, painstaking work is exactly what programmers are most eager to aulomate—after all, that is ‘where the immediate effiency gains tend tole. In other words, a fundamental tension ripples bbetwoon the interests ofthe people doing the automation and the interests ofthe people doing the work. Novertholass, automation’s scope continues to widen. With the ris of electronic health records, physicians increasingly rely on sofware templates to guide them through patient fexams, The programs incorporete valuable checklists and alert, ut hey also make medicine ‘more routinized and formulaie-ang distance doctors from their patients. -.. Harvard Medical ‘School professor Beth Lown, in a 2012 jaural article... wamed that when doctors become “screen-iven,” flowing a computers prompts rather than "the patent's narrative thread,” thelr thinking can become canstcted. In the worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals. Ina recent paper published inthe oumal Diagnosis, three medical researchers ... examined the misdiagnosis of Thomas Eric Duncan, the fist person to die of Ebola inthe U.S.,al Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Daias. They argue thatthe digital templates used by the hospitals clincians to recors patient information probably elped to induce a kindof tunnel vision. "These hight constrained tool, the researchers write, "are optimized for data capture butt the expense of sacrificing their ult for appropriate triage and diagnosis, leacing users to miss the forest forthe tres.” Medical software, they wre, is no “replacement for basic, Aistory-taking, examination skis, and erica inking” Tare is an alternative, In human-centerad automation,” the talents of people take precedence... In this model, sofware plays an essential but secondary role. It takes over Foutine functions thal a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations aise, provdes fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and {counter the biases that often distort human thinking. The technology becomes the experts Pariner, not the expert's replacement. SubQuestion No : 12, Itean be inferred that in the Utrecht University experiment, one group of people was. “aimlessly clicking around” because: 7 1. they wantes to avoid making mistakes, % 2 they did not have the ekl-set to address complicated tasks, 9 3 they were hoping thatthe software would help cary out the tasks. 1X 4: the other group was carrying out the tasks more efciemty. ‘Question Type : Mca. ‘Question ID : 48916815203, ‘Salus : Answered (Chosen Option : 3 hitpscdn glam comperig0pub/75BrouchstoneiAssessmentOPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT22183D4318/16597213710108684/22123131_CAT. 1345a0, 430 PM tos sled. cial. comiperigo ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Nature has all along yielded her flash to humans. Fist, we took nature's materials as food, fiber, and shelter Then we leamed fo extract raw materials from her biosphers to create Our ‘own now syrhotic materials. Now Bios is yielding us her mind-—we are taking her logic. Clockwork ogle—the logic ofthe machines—wil only buld simple contraptions. Truly complex. systoms such as a cel, a meadow, an economy, ora brain (natural or artical) require a rigorous nontechnologieallogie, We naw seo that no logic excep! biosogic can assemble a thinking device, or even a workable system of any magnitude, Itis an astounding discovery that one can extract the loge of Bios out of biology and have something useful. hough many philosophers in the past have suspected one could abstract the laws of fe and apply them elsewhere, i wasn’ uni the complexity of compters and human-made systems became as complicated as living things, that i was possible to prove ths. Its eerie how much of fe can be transferred. So far, some of the ats ofthe living that have successluly been transported to mechanical systems are: selteplcation, set governance, limited selt-epatr, mid evolution, and partial learning. ‘We have reason to beleve yet more can be synthesized and made into something new. Yet at the same time that the logic of Bis is being imported into machines, tho logic of Technos is being imported into Ife. The root of bioengineering isthe desire to control the organic long enough to Improve ft, Domesticated plants and animals are examples of technos-ogic appliee to life. The wld aromatc root of te Quoen Anne's lacs weed has been fine-tuned over {generations by selective herb gatherers unit has evolved into a sweet carot ofthe garden; the udders of wid bovines have been selectively enlarged in a “unnatural” way to satisly humans rather than calves. Mik cows and carats, therefore, are human inventions as much as steam engines and gunpowder are. Bu milk cows and carro are more inccatve ofthe kind of inventions humans wil make in the future: products that are grown rather than manufactured Genetic engineering Is precisely what cate breeders do when they select better stains of Holsivins, only bioengineers employ more precise and powerful contro. Wri carrot and milk ow breeders had to rely on ciffuse organic evolution, modem genet engineers can use directed ate‘ evolution—purposetu design—which greatly accelerates improvements. The overlap of the mechanical andthe Metke increases year by year. Par of this bionic convergence isa matter of words. The meanings of mechanical and “Ife” are both stretching Uuntl all complicated things can be perceived as machines, and al self-sustaining machines Can be perceived as alive. Yet beyond semantics, wo concrete trends are happaning: (1) Human-made things are behaving more fla, ane (2) Life is becoming more engineered. The apparent vail Between the organic and the manufactured has crumpled to reveal thatthe two real are, and have always been, of one being SubQuestion No: 13, Which one of the following sets of words/phras passage? best serves as keywords to the A 1. Complex systems; BioJogic; Bioengina ing, Technos logic; Convergence X 2. Nature; Bios; Technos; Selt-repair; Holsteins X 3. Complex systems; Carrots; Milk cows; Convergence; Technos-logic 7% 4. Nature; Computers; Carols; Mik cows: Genetic engineering Question Type : MC Question ID : 48916818357 ‘Status > Answered Chosen Option 4 hips digiaim.comperig0/ub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT. 1418srain, 430 PM tps led. cial. comifperig0 ipuby7S6/tovchstone/AssessmentQPHTML Mode! /ICAT221/CAT221S304315/166972137101066, Ans Comprehension: ‘The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question. Nature has all long yielded her flash to humans. First, we took nature's materials as fond, fiber, and shelter Then we leamed fo extract raw materials from her biosphers to create Our ‘own now synthetic materials. Now Bios is yielding usher mind we are taking her logic. Clockwork ogle—the logic ofthe machines—wl only buld simple contraptions. Truly complex. systoms such as a cel, a meadow, an economy, ora brain (natural or artical) require a rigorous nontechnological loge, We naw seo that no logic except biosogic can assemble a thinking device, or even a workable system of any magnitude, Itis an astounding discovery that one can extract the loge of Bios out of biology and have something useful. Although many philosophers in the past have suspected one could abstract the laws of fe and apply them elsewhere, i wasn’ uni the complexty of comptrs and human-made systems became as complicated as living things, that was possible to prove ths. Its eerie how much of fe can be transferred. So far, sme of the tats ofthe living that have successluly been transported to mechanical systems are: selteplcation, set governance, limited selt-epatr, mid evolution, and partial learning. We have reason to beleve yet more can be synthesized and made into something new. Yt at the same timo that the logic of Bios is being imported into machines, tho logic of Technos is being imported into Ife. The root of bioengineering isthe desire to control the organic long enough to Improve ft, Domesticated plants and animals are examples of technos-ogic appliog to life. The wld aromatic root of tre Quoen Anne's lacs weed has been fine-tuned over {generations by selective herb gatherers unit has evolved into a sweet carot ofthe garden; the udders of wid bovines have been selectively enlarged in a “unnatural” way to satisly humans rather than calves. Mik cows and carats, therefore, are human inventions as much as steam engines and gunpowder are. Bu milk cows and carros are more indicative ofthe kind of inventions humans wil make in the future: products that are grown rather than manufactured. Genetic engineering Is precisely what cate breeders do when they select better stains of Holsivins, only bioengineers employ more precise and powerful contro. Write carrot and milk ow breeders had to rely on ciffuse organic evolution, modem genet engineers can use directed artical evolution—purposetu design—which greatly accelerates improvements. The overlap of the mechanical and the Heke increases year by year. Par of his bionic convergence isa matter of words. The meanings of mechanical and “if” are both stretching Uuntl all complicated things can be perceived as machines, and al se-sustaining machines an be perceived as alive. Yet beyond semantics, wo concrete trends are happaring: (1) Human-made things are behaving mote ifelika, ane (2) Life is becoming more engineered. The apparent veil Between the organic and the manufactured has crumpled ta reveal thatthe two realy are, and have always been, of one being SubQuestion No: 14 The author claims that, “Part ofthis bionic convergence is a matter of words”. Which tone ofthe following statements best expresses the point being made by the author? 7 1 “Mechanica and fat were eater seen as opposite in meaning, but the diference between the two is increasingly blurred. X 2. "Bios" and “Technos" are both convergent forms of logic, but they generate meanings about the world that are mutually exclusive. XX 3. Abionic convergence indicates the meeting ground of genetic engineering and ati inteligence 7 4. "Mechanical and Me" are words from diferent logical systems and are, therefore, fundamentally incompatible in meaning ‘Question Type : McQ ‘Question ID : 48916815334 ‘talus : Answered (Chosen Option 4 hitpscdn digiaim.comperig0ub/75Brouchstone/AssessmentQPHTMLMode V/CAT22 /CAT221S3D4318/16597213710108684)22123131_CAT. 1645