Salsabilla Firdausia Chomsa

2211421149
English Literature/D

History of English Culture and Literature Mid-Term Test

1. What are the characteristics of culture in the Anglo-Saxon Period?

Answer : The Anglo-Saxon in England is generaly a rural community. Most people at
that time depended on the soil to survive. This period in England lasted roughly six
centuries, from 410-1066AD. That period used to be known as the Dark Ages, spesificaly
because written sources for the early years of the Saxon invasions were scarce. The
Anglo-Saxons were warrior-farmers; they wanted to control and land. At that time, they
came to Britons to fight, farm, to make a new house, and also they were invited by the
Britons. Anglo-Saxon history is the history of cultural identity. It developed from
different groups concerning the adoption of Christians and was an integral part of the
formation of various kingdoms. Threatened by the extended Danish invasion and
occupation of eastern England, this identity endured; it dominated until after the Norman
Conquest.

2. What are the characteristics of the literary work in the Anglo-Saxon Period?
Answer : The Anglo-Saxon length is crucial because it has been a milestone in phrases of
the introduction of literature. Many issues in Anglo-Saxon literature even stimulated
contemporary authors: honor, generosity, unity, and glory, nevertheless found in current
literature. Anglo-Saxons before Christianity were Bleak, violent, and had short lives.
They were serious-minded, and their literature meditated the Little reality imagery and
nearly no humor in Pagan religion- a robust perception of fate. The authors that existed at
that point were Beowulf, Bede, and Exeter Book, one of the results given at that time was
Christianity helped literacy spread. The characteristic of Anglo-Saxon literature turned
into the usage of metaphors in their writing. They used this as a manner to give an
explanation for positive customs in their lifetime.

3. Why was the minor Period between the Anglo-Saxon and the Medieval era called
Chaucer Era?
Answer : Because this epoch marks the first significant literary age in English literature,
it was a time of transition, the transformation of the Middle Ages into modern times. A
lot happened in this era, starting from discussing who Chaucer Geoffery was, his work,
crimes, effects, and everything that happened in the Chaucer era. This Chaucer era also
witnessed many social, political, and religious challenges. Chaucer is known for his
scathing criticism of the established order and religion. The Church's control over the
mundane affairs of ordinary people was challenged during this period. There was a time
when The Church banned Chaucer from spreading church depravity. This era was a
period of great social and intellectual movement and poverty, unrest, and rebellion. An
important event in that era was the Black Death, or a plague that affected a third of the
country's population. This involves various social dynamics such as labor restrictions and
 the agencies that can be employed. The Black Death was also used as an arena for
temperament growth and scientific investigation. Another evil in Chaucer's time was the
corruption of the Church, and there is spirit and spiritual energy left in this country. The
more extraordinary priests amassed wealth. They live in a godless and worldly way. It
was at this point that John Wycliff, the star of the morning reformation, began his work.
He gave his best in life to revive spiritual Christianity. As we recognize, Geoffrey
Chaucer is the daddy of English literature. He became no longer the best author but a
philosopher, astronomer, bureaucrat, and diplomat. Chaucer is likewise recognized for his
stunning and exceptional metric innovations. A well-known work of Chaucer is The
Canterbury Tales, consisting of twenty-four stories. The Church also banned the
canterbury story, as it promoted common sin.

4. Why was the Medieval Period also called Arthurian Era?

Answer : Cause in the Medieval period, there was a legendary story written by various
famous writers with different versions, namely the story "King Arthur." The Medieval
Period lasted from the end of Late Antiquity in the fourth century to the English
Renaissance in the late fifteenth century. King Arthur is a medieval mythological figure
who is the head of the kingdom of Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table. It is not
known whether there was an honest Arthur, although it is believed he was a Roman-
affiliated military leader who managed to prevent a Saxon invasion during the fifteenth to
sixteenth centuries. His legend has been popularized by many writers, including Geoffrey
of Monmouth. The story "History of the Kings of Britain" or also called "King Arthur"
by Geoffrey of Monmouth is written in Latin. Geoffrey claims that he translated a work
of ancient history that he recently discovered. In fact, he made most of his past from his
own imagination and bits and pieces in older actual history that lend themselves to the
story he wants to tell. His grand vision of the early kings of England mainly focused on
the heroic Arthurian tale, and as we know, it is for this reason that Geoffrey of
Monmouth is recognized as the Father of Arthurian Legend. However, it is also said that
in the 12th century, probably the most successful vernacular writer turned into an English
lady named Marie de France, who wrote in Anglo-Norman. Marie is one of the
predominant forces behind the story of King Arthur and the Round Table. In France,
Chretien de Troyes wrote an Arthurian romance for Marie of Champagne. The works of
Aristotle and different Greeks became extensively to be held in the 12th century in this
era.

5. Why was the Renaissance era late to arrive in England?

Answer : Because in the 15th century, England experienced internal turmoil and
instability, where the Yorks and Lancasters fought each other so that the country could
not respond to artistic and intellectual currents. The Renaissance arrived in England in the
mid-15th century; some of its most outstanding achievements occurred, especially in
literature. During the Renaissance, most of England's population lived in rural areas.
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Cities are overcrowded, considered dirty, and often dangerous. The other reason for the
delay in the Renaissance was that, at that time, England was still experiencing the black
death.

6. What are the characteristics of culture in the Rennaisance Period?

Answer : In the context of the English Renaissance, this rebirth refers to a renewal of
learning, particularly in phrases of recent ideals and approaches to
doing matters that range from the Middle Ages. Characteristics of the
Renaissance covered a renewed hobby in classical antiquity; enhancement of humanist
philosophy (perception in oneself, human worth, and character dignity); and
radical modifications in thoughts approximately religion, politics, and science. The social
existence of European those now do not need to be shackled through church ties. They
became from the afterlife to the arena so that the church's impact decreased. Materialistic
existence more and more suppresses nonsecular facts. Along with the tempo of
urbanization, the characteristic of the metropolis additionally in this period modified from
a political aspect to the middle of exchange and industry. The emergence of the
bourgeoisie as a brand new organization is wealthy and capable of competing with the
nobility. Music withinside the Renaissance becomes additionally characterized by its
humanist nature. Composers study classical treatises on tune and intention to create
themes, an excellent way to contact listeners emotionally.

7. What are the characteristics of literary work in the Rennaisance Period?

Answer : Characteristics of the Renaissance literary works covered a wonders of love and
beauty, humanism, patriotism, rise of merchant class, and religion serenity. The
Renaissance has been an age of wonders. He additionally has a love for Beauty.
Likewise, their consciousness is at the intensity of thoughts, concerns, and originality.
This generation changed into a time when humanism witnessed its rise. At that time, The
church had turned out to be the middle of power. It has the best authority. Social
improvement changed into any other essential function of the generation. Industry towns
commenced to multiply, and it gave jobs to thousands. When the change increases, it's
miles enriched English. Poetry withinside the Renaissance .have become one of the most
valued literature styles and has become frequently observed via way of means of music.
The poetic paperwork maximum usually hired for the duration of this era has been the
lyric, tragedy, elegy, or pastoral. The traits of Renaissance poetry are intelligence,
splendor, and truth. Poets use repetition to emphasize their theme. Shakespeare turned
into a grasp of the dramatic style for the duration of the Renaissance. His ability in
characterization and phrase introduction is a testimony to his genius.
8. Who are Puritans? Why are they affect both cultures and literature in the Rennaisance
and Restoration Era?
Answer : The Puritans had been participants in the non secular reform motion called
Puritanism that arose within the Church of England in the sixteenth century. They
believed that the Church of England changed into too much like the Roman Catholic
Church and had to get rid of ceremonies and practices now no longer rooted within the
Bible. The Puritans felt that they'd have an immediate settlement with God to enact those
reforms. Under siege from the Church and the crown, sure organizations of Puritans
migrated to the Northern English colonies of the New World in the 1620s and 1630s,
laying the basis for New England's nonsecular, highbrow social order. Aspects of
Puritanism have resonated in the course of American existence ever since. The Church of
England retained too many Roman Catholic liturgies and rituals for the Puritans. The
roots of Puritanism may be observed withinside the early English Reformation. The
Puritan religious order changed into as illiberal as they left it. However, as a loosely
assembled series of churches, Puritanism contained the seeds of fragmentation.

9. What are the characteristics of culture in the Restoration Period?

Answer : The restoration introduced modern modifications in existence and literature.
During this length, the gravity, ethical earnestness, and humility in all things prominent in
the Puritan period were blown away. The traits of tradition in this period encompass
Socio-Political Conflict, Revival of Neoclassicism, Realism, and Formalism. The
Restoration length needs to be visible as certainly considered one among transitions. The
extraordinary revolution of the sixteenth century additionally delivered approximately
new modifications in social and political existence.

10. What are the characteristics of literary work in the Restoration Period?
Answer : The literature of the Restoration period marked a whole severance of ties to
Renaissance literature. It reflects the spirit of the times. The maximum critical literary
bureaucracy defined for the duration of this period are as follows: Satire, poetry, drama,
theatre, and heroic stanza. The writers of that time had been now no longer endowed with
high-quality literary talent. So they grew to become historical writers, particularly Latin
writers, for steering and inspiration. It is commonly believed that the ancients had
reached the top of excellence, and present-day poets couldn't do higher than their version
of writing in the classics. The paintings of the Restoration length writers is imitation and
of restricted quality. Since they lack creativity and imagination, they abandon their
freedom and obediently comply with the rules. Restoration Literature evolved realism so
that each literature turned developed in a brand new style.