PharmaTutor ISSN: 2347-7881 | Vol 7, Issue 9 16

A Review on Pharmacological aspects of Tagetes erecta Linn

Navjeet Singh*, Mrinal and Rubal Thakur
Department of Pharmacology,
Dreamz College of Pharmacy,
Khilra, Sundernagar, H.P., India
Navjeetnavi22g@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants and derived medicine are widely used in traditional culture all over the world and they are
becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Tagetes erecta
Linn Known as “genda phool” (Marigold) belong to the family Astraceae, native to Mexico, Central America,
Bolivia and Colombia. All parts of this plant used for medicinal purposes. It contained wide range of chemical
constituents thiophenes, flavanoids, cartenoids, triterpenoids, oxycaroteniod and xanthophylls. This review
article focus on the pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activity,
wound healing property, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities. This review is a step to open insight for therapeutic
efficacy of Tagetes erecta.

Keywords: Tagetes erecta Linn, Quercetagetin, Hepatoprotective, Anti-diabetic, Marketed Preparations.

INTRODUCTION serotonergic pathway may decrease the seizure

Medicinal plants are considered as rich resources of threshold if used in epileptic patients. The essential
ingredient which can be used in the drug oil also acts as anti haemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory,
development either phamacopoeial, non antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent and is useful in
pharmacopoeial or synthetic drugs (Faizi et al., aromatherapy for its powerful skin healings
2004). The name marigold is however properties (Shiva et al., 2002).
indiscriminately applied to several genera of
composite with golden or yellow capitula and there Scientific Classification (George, 2010)
are about 33 species of the genus Tagetes, out of Kingdom : Plantae
which, five species have been introduced into the Subkingdom : Tracheobionta
Indian gardens viz. (Tagetes glandulifera schrank), Division : Magnoliophyta
Tagetes patula L. (French marigold) and Tagetes Class : Magnoliopsida
lucida (Sweet-Scented Marigold), Tagetes tenulifolia Subclass : Asteridae
(striped Marigold) (Kokate 2005). Different parts of Order : Asterales
this plants including flower are used in folk medicine Family : Asteraceae
to cure various diseases such as fever, epileptic fits, Genus : Tagetes
astringent, carminative, stomachache, scabies, and Species : erecta
liver complaints. Leaves are also used as antiseptic, Vernacular Names (Shetty et al., 2015)
in kidney troubles, muscular pain and applied to boils English : marigold or saffron marigold
and carbuncles (Kirtikar et al., 1997). Infusion of Chinese : wan shou ju
plant is used against rheumatism, cold and bronchitis French : tagète rose d'Inde
(Sharma et al., 2007). German : hohe Studentenblume
Japanese : senju-giku
The plant Tagetes erecta has been shown to contain Korean : cheonsugug
quercetagetin, phenolic, syringic acid, methyl-3, 5- Portuguese : maravilha
dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzoate, quercitin, thienyl Spanish : flor de muerto
and ethyl gallate (Ghani 1998). Ethanolic extract of T. Hindi : Gainda Phool
Erecta reported to possess central nervous
stimulants and antidepressant property through Plant Description
How to cite this article: Singh N, Mrinal, Thakur R; A Review on Pharmacological aspects of Tagetes erecta Linn; PharmaTutor;
2019; 7(9); 16-24; http://dx.doi.org/10.29161/PT.v7.i9.2019.16 Vol. 7, Issue 9 | pharmatutorjournal.com
 PharmaTutor ISSN: 2347-7881 | Vol 7, Issue 9
Marigold is a common garden plant which is rather
coarse, erect, branched and grows to about 1 meter
high. However there is short or dwarf varieties as
well. The leaves are very deeply incised and sharply
toothed. Flower heads are solitary, long stalked and
thickening upward. The flowers are bright yellow,
brownish-yellow or orange (Karwani and Sisodia,
2015).
Chemical Constituents
The plants T. Erecta has been shown to contain
quercetagetin, a glucoside of quercitin, thienyl and
ethyl gallate. Lutein is an oxycaroteniod or
xanthophylls containing 2 cyclic end groups (one β
one α- ionone ring) and the basic C-40 isoprenoid
structure common to all cartenoids. It is one of the
major constituent and the main pigment of Tagetes
erecta (Ghani 1998).
Twenty two natural occurring Phyto constituent
including β-sitosterol, 7 hydroxy sitosterol, lupeol,
erythrodiol, erythrodiol-3–palmitate, α-therthienyl,
quercetagetin, quercetagetin-7-methyl ether,
quercetagetin-7 O-glucoside, kaempferol, syringic
acid, gallic acid, 3-β-galactosyldisyringic acid, 3-α-
galactosyldisyringic acid, 6-ethoxy- 2,4-dimethyl
quinoline, oplodiol, (3S,6R,7E)- hydroxy-4,7-
megastigmadien-9-one, palmitin, ethylene glycol
lineate, and N- hexadecane various fraction of
Ethanolic extract of flower of Tagetes erecta (Huang
2007).
The steam distillation of fresh leaves offers 0.3% of
essential with a strong, sweet lasting odour and
contains d-limonene, llinalyl acetate, n-nonyl
aldehyde, leutin. Six compounds were identified
from the stem and leaves of Tagetes erecta plant as
4-methoxy-eupatolytin-3-O-glycoside, kaempferitrin,
β-sitosterol, daucosterole and gallic acid (Zang and
Zhang 2010).
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
Antimicrobial Activity
The essential oil of the leaves and stems of Tagetes
erecta showed noticeable antimicrobial activity
against four gram positive and fifteen gram negative
pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
mycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis,
Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B,
Salmonella paratyphi C, Salmonella typhi H,
Salmonella enteritides, Salmonella flexneri,
17
Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Shigella
schimizii, Shigella shigae, Vibrio cholerae Inawa,
Vibrio cholerae Ogawa, Vibrio cholera Eltor and
Xanthomonas campestris) strains with minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the extract ranging
between 12.5-100 µg/mL. The tincture prepared
from its leaves and flower and its n-hexane, ethanol
and aqueous extract were tested for inhibitory effect
against Vibrio cholerae whereby it was reported that
the best antimicrobial activity (Gupta and vasudeva,
2010).
A 0.2% concentration of marigold oil emulsion was
reported for its significant fungicidal action against
citrus fruit pathogen viz. penicillum digitatum,
Diplodia natalensis, penicillum Italicum and
Alternaria tenuis (Arora et al., 1984).
Insecticidal Activity
The petroleum ether extract of the roots of Tagetes
erecta exhibited toxicity against the third stage
mosquito larvae of Culex fatigens (Singh and kataria,
1985). The aqueous and methanolic extract of
leaves, stem and buds of Tagetes erecta reported for
insecticidal activity against the second stage larvae
of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Anguina tritici
(kumari et al., 1986).
The essential oil from the fresh and dried plant of
Tagetes erecta were reported to be highly effective
against the larvae of Anopheles stephensi with the
LC50 values of 1.0532 and 1.0314 mg/L
(Hadjiakhoondi et al., 2008) . The essential oils of
aerial parts of Tagetes erecta showed considerable
cytotoxicity against Artemia salina with ED50 value
of 3.16mg/mL (De Feo et al, 2005).While the
dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of the
aerial parts of the plant from Argentine were
reported for significant insecticidal activity against
Sitophilus oryzae (Broussalis et al., 1999).
Hepatoprotective activity
The hepatoprotective activity of flowers of Tagetes
erecta by carbon tetrachloride induced hepatopathy
model was determined. The CCL4 treated rats
showed the increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP and
bilirubin levels. Ethyl acetate fraction of Tagetes
erecta (EATE) at the dose of 400 mg/kg orally
significantly decreased the elevated serum marker
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 PharmaTutor ISSN: 2347-7881 | Vol 7, Issue 9
enzymes and level of bilirubin almost to the normal
level compared to the CCL4-intoxicated group.
Historical changes in the liver of rats treated with
400 mg/kg of (EATE) extract and CCL4 showed a
significant recovery except cytoplasmic vascular
degenerations around portal tracts, mild
inflammation and foci of lobular inflammation.
Phytoconstituents such as flavanoids, terpenoids and
steroids are responsible for the observed
hepatoprotective activity (Giri et al., 2011).
Anti-bacterial Activity
The anti- bacterial activity of different solvents of
Tagetes erecta flower show against Alcaligenes
faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter coli,
Escherichia coli, klebisella pneumonia, streptococcus
pyogens. The flavanoids petulitrin is one the
potential elements for its anti bacterial activity
(Sharma et al., 2011).
Nutrient agar medium was used for antibacterial
assay and the inoculums was prepared by inoculating
0.2ml of overnight cultures of each organism into
20ml of sterile nutrient broth and incubated at 37°C
for 3-5 hrs to standardize the culture to produce 106
cfu/ml. Antibacterial activity of the flavanoids (10
mg/100ml) was tested by disc diffusion assay
Antibacterial activity of the flavanoids (10 mg/100ml)
was higher for all the tested strains than that of the
antibiotic tetracycline. Inhibition is maximum for
Klebsiella pneumonia (29.50 mm) and minimum for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.00 mm) (Bauer et al.,
1996).
Anti-oxidant activity
For in Vitro antioxidant activity three different assays
like DPPH, reducing power and super oxide radical
scavenging activity at different concentrations were
used. In all the three assay, Tagetes erecta showed
better reducing power than the standard (i.e.
ascorbic acid), and super oxide anion scavenging
activity and DPPH antioxidant activity showed less
than standard. The antioxidant activity of the
extracts and the composition of antioxidant
compounds in the extracts were investigated. The
content of total phenolic and flavanoids in the
extracts was significantly varied with different
solvents (P<0.05) and the extract by ethyl alcohol
/water (7:3, v/v) has the highest content of total
phenolic and flavanoids, 62.33 mg gallic acid
18
equivalents (GAE)/g and 97.00 mg rutin equivalent
(RE)/g, respectively (Chivde et al., 2011).
Mosquitocidal activity
The Mosquitocidal activity in Ethanolic, chloroform
and petroleum ether extracts of Tagetes erecta
flower against different strains of
Cx.quinquefasciatus. Among the tested samples the
chloroform soluble fraction showed the highest
toxicity and constituently the LC50 values (14.14
µg/mL, 1.706 µg/mL, 36.88 µg/mL and 75 µg/mL)
and for all instars larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus. The
larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course
of increasing age and time. From this they concluded
that the flower of Tagetes erecta having good
Mosquitocidal activity (Rahman et al., 2009).
Wound healing activity
The wound healing activity of carbopol gels
prepared from hydro alcoholic extracts of Tagetes
erecta Linn. (TE) in excision wound model and burn
wound models in albino mice. In excision and burn
wound models, TE treated animals showed
significant reduction in period of epithelization and
wound contraction and combined gel showed
accelerated wound healing activity may be because
of synergism. The enhanced wound healing activity
of hydro alcoholic extracts may be due to free radical
scavenging action and the phytoconstituents
(flavanoids) present in it which either due to their
individual or additive effect fastens the process of
wound healing (Ibrahim et al., 2011).
The treatment with hydro alcoholic extract of
Tagetes erecta have beneficial influence various
phase of wound healing fibroplasias, collagen
synthesis and wound contraction result in faster
healing The crude extract of Tagetes erecta
significantly stimulated wound contraction, breaking
strength of the incision wound and increased in the
dry granulation weight in the treated group
compared with extract of Tagetes erecta (Chatterjee
et al., 2011).
T. erecta extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed
significantly increased the wound breaking strength
in incision wound model and wet and dry granulation
tissue weights, breaking strength in a dead space
wound model (Alam et al., 2005).
Larvicidal activity
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 PharmaTutor ISSN: 2347-7881 | Vol 7, Issue 9
The larvicidal activity of essential oil from Tagetes
erecta against 3rd instars of Aedes aegypti, the
oil obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas
chromatography/ mass spectrometry showed 14 d-
limonene and piperitenone. The essential oil was
active larvae of Aedes aegypti, with LC50 of 79.78
µg/ml and LC90 of 100.84 µg/ml. The larvicidal
thiophenes contents were higher in the roots and
flowers as demonstrated by high-performance liquid
chromatography analysis. Thus, Tagetes erecta
constituents a good source of varied compounds
showing larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti
(Marcia et al., 2011).
Anti hyperlipedemic activity
The antihyperlipedemic activity of hydro alcoholic
extract of Tagetes erecta in hyperlipedemic rats at a
dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Hyperlipedemic was
induced by cholesterol 25 kg/day. Lovastatin
(10mg/kg/day) was used as standard. Blood samples
were collected from rats in all groups on 30th day and
estimated for their serum cholesterol, serum
triglyceride, serum HDL and LDL levels using
standards procedures. From the study it was
observed that administration of Tagetes erecta
extracts significantly decreased all the
hyperlipedemic parameters in rats (Raghuveer et al.,
2011).
Anti- diabetic activity
Hydro alcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta its anti
diabetic activity by inducing diabetes using single
intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60
mg/kg b.w.). Treatment with standard drug
Glibenclamide, blood glucose rose at 30 min
followed by subsequent fall up to 120 min. The
administration of Tagetes erecta extracts showed
increase in glucose levels after 30 min and
hypoglycemia effect was observed only after 120 min
(Raghuveer et al., 2011).
Cytotoxic activity
Lutein was isolated from rhizomes of Tagetes erecta.
The isolated pigments were quantified
spectroscopically and separated by thin layer
chromatography. The active components of the
pigments were further purified and identified by high
performance liquid chromatography. In vitro
cytotoxic activity of extract against Hep2 cancer cell
19
lines were evaluated. The activity sample showing
cell viability of more than 97% at 0.078mg/ml were
considered to be less which are most suitable to
perform cytotoxic study (Niraikulam 2013).
Anti-epileptic activity
EtE of flowers of the Tagetes erecta is considered to
be effective in the treatment of epilepsy as in
Ayurveda, but the phytoconstituents in EtE devoid of
anti epileptic activity, but they found with
phytoconstituents which decreases seizures
threshold such menthol, indole alkaloids and
verbenone. Menthol is already providing to be
proconvulsant in nature, indole alkaloids are CNS
stimulants thus may reduce seizures threshold and
verbenone is found to be antidepressant.
Tagetes erecta may have CNS stimulant property;
may be due to the presence of indole as one of the
major phytoconstituents. Due to the CNS stimulants
and antidepressant property of the EtE; may
decrease the seizures thresholds, it may cautious if
used in epileptic patients (James et al., 1996).
Anti-inflammatory activity
Acute inflammation was produce by injecting 0.1ml
of 1% of Carrageenan into the plantar surface of rat
hind paw. The extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg,
orally) and phenylbutazone (PBZ, 100mg/kg, orally)
as reference drug were administered 60 min. before
carrageenan injection. The paw volume was
measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 pethysmometrically.
The orally administered extract significantly reduces
pain induced by acetic acid writhing response. The
number of writhing reflexes in treated mice
decreased significantly and was comparable to ASA.
No significant change in thermal stimuli was found
(Vogel 2002).
Antinociceptive activity
Tagetes erecta sixty minutes after extract
administration 0.1 ml of 1% v/v acetic acid was
injected. The number of abdominal contraction over
a period of 20 min was noted. Acetylsalicylic acid
(ASA, 100mg/kg, orally) was used as positive control.
Significant reduction in the no. of abdominal
contraction (p<0.05) compared to the control (that
received 0.3 ml normal saline) was considered as
Antinociceptive action (kulkarni et al., 2005).
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Ovicidal and repellant activity
The ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of
Tagetes erecta leaves for oviposition- deterrent,
Ovicidal and repellent activity against malaria vector,
Anopheles subpictus grassi and emphasized on
mosquito control facing a threat due to the
emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides and
potential insecticides of plants origin which may
serve as suitable alternative bicontrol techniques in
the future (Elango et al., 2011).

MARKETED PREPARATIONS
Sr. Formulation Manufactured Composition Doses Uses
No by
1. LUTIGOLD PURITAN’S Lutein, Zeaxanthin, 40mg Supports eye Health.
PRIDE, PVT LTD Sunflower Oil, Gelatin, Vegetable For Adults, Lutein plays a role in
Glycerin, Yellow Beeswax take one maintenance of eye health
soft gel and its principle
daily, Cartenoids found in the
preferable central area of retina
with a meal. called the macula.

2. LIGHT DAY Mountain Valley Aqua, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis It protects our skin from
LOTION Springs Pvt Ltd (Sweet Almond) Kernel Oil, the damaging effect of
SPF 25 Triticum Vulgare (Genhu) Extract, 40ML free radicals and from UV
Glycerin. Morus Alba (Mulberry) and pollution along with
Fruit Extract, , Simmondsia oxidant and antiageing
Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed oil Oryzae properties. It helps our
Sativa (Rice)Bran oil, Withania skin to retain its natural
Somnifgera (Ashwagandha) Root texture.
Extract, Tribulus Terrestris
(Gokharu) Seed Extract, Garcinia
Indica (Kokum) Seed Butter
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Cera
Alba(Beeswax), Tocopheryl
Acetate (Vitamin E) Yashad
Bhasma, Rosa Damascena (Rose)
Flower Oil, Tagetes
Erecta(Marigold) Flower Extract

3. ABLE EYES Carlson Division Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, 30softgels Promotes Healthy Vision.
of J.R Carlson Vitamin E, Magnesium, Zinc, Adult. take Provides the important
Laboratories, Selenium, Chromium, DHA 1 Soft gel omega-3 DNA,
Inc, Arlington (Docosahexaenoic Acid) Lutein once/twice Antioxidants and lutein
Hts, IL 60004 Esters, Zeaxanthin, Bilberry daily at
Extract, Citrus Bioflavonoid mealtime
Complex, Quercitin Dehydrate,
Milk Thisle Extract, NAC (N-Acetyl
Cysteine)

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 PharmaTutor ISSN: 2347-7881 | Vol 7, Issue 9 21

4. OCUVITE Bausch & Lomb Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Adults: One Eye Vitamin And Mineral
Incorporated, Zinc Selenium, Copper, Lutein tablet per supplement.
Rochester. NY day This medication is a
14609 multivitamin product
prevents deficiency due to
poor diet, certain illness or
during pregnancy.

5. URTIPLEX Charak Pharm Kumari(Aloe Vera),Marigold 100ml Cools and soothes the
Anti-itch Pvt Ltd oil(Tagetes erecta) and KOKUM skin.
lotion BUTTER Relieves itching.
Sarson oil(Brassica campestris), Exhibits antiseptic
Menthol properties.

6. BIOPHIX Biophix Health Vitamin A, DHA(from algae, life’ Take 1 soft Clinical strength Retinal
& Nutrition DHA)(Schizochytriumsp) gel daily support& Lutein is a
13165 NW Lutein(Tagetes erecta) with meal critical pigment that
47THAve.Opa- supports the macula and
locka,Fl 33054 lens.

7. CAROTENALL Jarrow Beta Carotene, Vitamin 60softgels For cardiovascular and

FORMULAS A[retinol],Lutein (Tagetes vision health Lycopene is
erecta),Zeaxanthin(Tagetes an antioxidant cartenoids
erecta) Lycopene, Astaxanthin, extract from non-GMO
Alpha carotene, Alpha Carotene, tomatoes. Lycopene
Gamma Tocopherol supports healthy prostate
function and protects
against damage from the
reactive oxygen species
singlet species.

8. NATURAL LEBEL COMPANY Vitamin E, Lutein (Tagetes NET 24.3 Tagetes erecta containing
HAIR SOAP PVT. LIMITED erecta), gallic acid, β- sitosterol, 7 FL,OZ 720ml Calendulin which keeps
hydroxy sitosterol, lupeol the hairs and scalp in
erythrodiol. excellent conditions,
healthy hairs.

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9. Moisturizing Group DLP-Daily Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Panthenol, 25gm, Moisturizing cream use as
cream Luxury Product, UV filter (Tagetes erecta) 100gm moisturizer to treat or
Cosmetic Plant, 200gm, prevent dry, rough, scaly,
SHALOAH 500gm. itchy skin and minor skin
SKINCARE irritations.

10. Nutralite Amway It contains all Natural cartenoids
(Multi compounds from three
Carotene) concentrates (Dunaliella salina
algae, tomato and Tagetes
erecta. Nutralite contains (beta
carotene, Lycopene and Lutein).
Beta-carotene is a rich source of
vitamin A and antioxidants.
90 (softgel) This product can use for
the nutritional gaps in
cartenoids intake and is
intended for daily use to
support skin health, eye
health and to provide wide
range of antioxidant
activity.

CONCLUSION
The detailed review on plant Tagetes erecta shows that as an herbal plant it offers a wide variety of
pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial activity, wound healing activity, hepatoprotective activity,
Mosquitocidal activity, antioxidant activity etc. Many Indian herbs are being used in traditional practices to cure
various human ailments. Tagetes erecta has an important place among such anti- inflammatory medicinal
plants; it can also be used in treating wound, cancer, liver disorder and diabetes. Furthermore, in future study,
the isolated principles from Tagetes erecta needs to be evaluated in scientific manner using various innovative
experimental models and clinical trials to understand its mechanism of action, in search of other active
constituents, so that its other therapeutic uses can be widely explored. Therefore Tagetes erecta can be
considered as a solution of several ailments and can be explored further.

Acknowledgement: Authors are thankful to Dreamz College of Pharmacy for providing initiation and guidance to write this
article.

Conflict of interest: None

Received on May 20, 2019; Manuscript accepted on Aug 13, 2019.

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