6 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
1. (d) The magnetic field lines due to a bar magnet always
forms a closed continuous curve directed from N to S
outside the magnet and S to N inside the magnet.
2. (c) Options (a), (b) and (d) are correct but option (c) is
incorrect as, the parallel lines of magnetic field represent
the uniform magnetic field.
1 (i) Passing electric current through a straight
3. (a) As, Bµ
r
B1 2 r
Q =
B2 r
[where, B1 and B2 are magnetic fields at a
distance r and 2r]
B1 0.4
Þ B2 = = = 0.2 T
2 2
4. (b) By Fleming’s left-hand rule, there will be force acting
downwards on the left side of coil. As it makes a half turn,
there will be an opposing force that makes it return to its
original position. Hence, the coil turns about the axis XY.
5. (d) Electric motor is a rotating device used for converting
electric energy into mechanical energy. It is used in
electric fans, refrigerators, mixers, washing machines,
computers, etc.
6. (a) When current passes through a solenoid, then it tends
to contract. It is due to the flow of current in adjacent loop
wires moving in the same direction. This gives rise to
force of attraction on each other.
\ Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation
of A.
7. (b) For testing purposes, the galvanometer is used to
measure polarity. It is an instrument that is used to detect
the flow of current in any circuit. The deflection in
galvanometer is directly proportional to the value of
current flowing through it.
\Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation
of A.
8. (c) An electric motor is a device which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy that’s why it is used for
pumping liquids through the pump. Motor produces a
rotating force when electricity is given to it.
\ A is true but R is false.
9. The imaginary lines representing magnetic field around a
magnet are known as magnetic field lines.
(i) If two field lines intersect each other, this would mean
that at the point of intersection, the direction of
magnetic field is in two directions, which is not
possible.
(ii) The direction of field lines outside a magnet is from
North pole of South pole while it is from South to
North pole inside the magnet and thus forms
closed curves.
10. Three methods of producing magnetic field are as
given below
conductor/circuit.
(ii) Passing electric current through a circular loop.
(iii) Passing electric current through a solenoid.
11. (i) Alpha particles are positively charged, hence they
can also produce magnetic field around the
moving beam.
(ii) Neutrons does not have any charge, hence they
cannot produce magnetic field.
12. A compass needle placed near the wire, through
which current is flowing, gets deflected, thereby
showing the existence of magnetic field around it.
13. We know that the magnetic field is stronger near the
current carrying conductor and weaker as we move
away from the conductor.
In case of a current carrying circular loop, the magnetic
field is weaker near the outer edge but stronger near
the centre of the loop.
Due to this, the magnetic field lines appear as straight
lines near the centre.
As we move towards the outer edge of the circular loop,
the magnetic field lines appear to be diverging, so that
they can be circular around the wire of the loop.
14. (i) When coil P is moved towards Q, then current will
be induced in coil Q. This is because on moving P ,
the magnetic field associated with Q increases and
so a current is induced. This phenomenon is known
as electromagnetic induction.
(ii) If P is moved away from Q, then the field
associated with Q will decrease and a current will
be induced but in the opposite direction.
(iii) Some of the methods of inducing current in the coil
are as below
(a) Moving a magnet towards or away from the coil.
(b) Moving a coil towards or away from a magnet.
(c) Rotating a coil within a magnetic field.
(d) By changing the current through a nearby coil.
15. Apparatus required Aluminium rod, a clamp stand,
two horse shoe magnets of different intensities, cell,
key and connecting wires.
Procedure
● Arrange the experimental set-up as shown in
figure.
–
+
( )
K A
Q
S magnet (R1 and R2)
F X
P Axle
N
A current carrying rod, PQ is experiencing
force F
● Plug the key, for the given set-up current will flow
through the rod from Q to P and observe the
displacement of rod.
● Now unplug the key and remove the first horse
shoe magnet and place the second horse shoe
magnet of higher magnetic field strength in a
similar manner to that of first.
● Plug the key, current again flows through the
rod from Q to P. Again observe the deflection
of rod.
● Now bring both the magnet closer together (to
ensure greater magnetic field then that of
previous case). Again observe the motion of
rod.
Observations In each time, conductor moves
faster than that of previous one. It is possible
only when conductor gets
accelerated more each time which required more
force (F = ma).
Thus, if the magnetic field strength is increased,
then rod will experience a greater force and move
even faster.
Conclusion The force acting on a current
carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
increases with increase in field strength.
16. The diagram of electric motor is shown below.
Rectangular coil
B C
N S
D
Permanent Split rings R1 R2
Y
Brushes
(X and Y )
K
+ –
Working of Electric Motor
● Let coil ABCD be in horizontal position. When
the key is closed, the current flows in the coil ABCD
through brush X and flows back to the battery through
the brush Y via ring R2 .
● No force acts on arms BC and AD as they are parallel
to magnetic field.
Arm AB experiences a force in downward direction
and arm CD experiences an equal force in upward
direction.
The direction of force is obtained by applying
Fleming’s left hand rule. This causes the coil to rotate
in the anti-clockwise direction.
● When the rotating coil is in the vertical position, the
brushes lose contact with the rings and current stops
flowing. But the coil does not stop due to inertia
of motion.
● When the coil rotates, the rings change their positions
and come in contact with opposite brushes.
● This reverses the direction of current through the coil
but the direction of current on right hand side of the
coil remains the same.
So, the force on right hand side is always upwards and a
force on left hand side is always in downward direction.
Thus, the coil continues to rotate in anti-clockwise
direction.