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2024 Turbomachinery Handbook 1700400237
2024 Turbomachinery Handbook 1700400237
HANDBOOK
TURBOMACHINERY INTERNATIONAL • HANDBOOK 2024 • VOL. 64 NO.6
2024
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The Future of Natural Gas and
ESTABLISHED IN 1959
Turbomachinery Looks Stable
FOUNDERS G. Renfrew Brighton and R. Tom Sawyer
R
EDITORIAL
enewables continue to make headlines and gain government support,
VICE PRESIDENT, CONTENT EXECUTIVE CORRESPONDENTS
Colleen Hall Amin Almasi especially under the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, in which $369
CHall@mjhlifesciences.com Klaus Brun billion in federal funding is designated for renewable energy.
Mark Axford
ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR Britt Burt and Brock Ramey—authors of our cover story on the U.S.
Alissa Marrapodi CUSTOM PROJECTS DIRECTOR
AMarrapodi@mjhlifesciences.com Robert Alaburda power industry—said 94% of all U.S. new-build power generation projects
ASSISTANT EDITOR CUSTOM PROJECTS scheduled to begin construction between January 2024 and December 2028
James Cook MANAGING EDITOR
JCook@mjhlifesciences.com Jeanne Linke Northrop will be for renewable energy, according to data tracked by Industrial Info
HANDBOOK EDITOR CUSTOM PROJECTS Resources.
Bob Maraczi, 203-513-1073 SENIOR EDITORS
RMaraczi@mmjhlifesciences.com Megan Manzano
And although gas’ share of the electric fuel market should rise over the
Shannon Stolz next five years, as Texas begins disbursing its $10 billion to support dispatch-
Terri Somers
able generation, Burt and Ramey said that, for now, the new-build gas market
CREATIVE SERVICES & PRODUCTION remains a shadow of its former self.
CREATIVE DIRECTOR— PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR But decarbonizing the electric power-generation market does not mean that
PUBLISHING Charlton Prince
Melissa Feinen natural gas and turbomachinery are on the outs.
PRODUCTION COORDINATOR
ART DIRECTOR Amber Immordino
Our online coverage from the 2023 52nd Turbomachinery and 39th Pump
Wassana Techadilok Symposia reinforces the role of gas turbines and LNG in power generation and
CIRCULATION & AUDIENCE
CIRCULATION DIRECTOR DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR
underscores the continued importance of turbomachinery in everyday life, as it
Jon Severn Stacy Argondizzo
was the theme for this year’s show.
SALES & MARKETING Carter Palmer, in his global gas turbine forecast, said the gas turbine
U.S.A. AND CANADA JAPAN market—in terms of producing electricity—is returning to its pre-Covid levels,
Cybill Tascarella Yoshinori Ikeda
485 F Suite 210, Rt. 1 South Pacific Business, Inc., Chuo-ku,
and the market will remain stable for the near-to-mid-term future.
Iselin, NJ 08830 Tokyo, Japan Of course, hydrogen will be a front runner in “cleaning up” gas turbines.
T: 732-853-6321 T: 81-3-3661-6138
CTascarella@mjhlifesciences.com F: 81-3-3661-6139
Expect Turbomachinery International to continue to report on the functional
GERMANY, AUSTRIA,
pbi2010@gol.com future of hydrogen and its integration into the energy mix.
SWITZERLAND INDIA, MIDDLE EAST Among the company listings and specifications, our handbook also features
Sven Anacker Faredoon Kuka
InterMediaPartners GmbH RMA media, Andheri (E),
Amin Almasi’s Turbo Tips column, How Transient Faults Affect
Beyeroehde 14 Mumbai-400059, India Turbomachinery Lube Oil Systems, offering guidelines and technical notes for
Wuppertal, D-42389, Germany T: 91-22-6570-3081/82
T: 49-202-271-690 F: 91-22-2925-3735
dealing with lube oil, control, and hydraulic oil systems in turbomachines. In
F: 49-202-271-6920 kuka@rmamedia.com addition, the Myth Busters, in a two-part series, break down reciprocating
sanacker@intermediapartners.de
KOREA, SOUTHEAST ASIA versus centrifugal compressors for carbon capture and sequestration.
UK, BENELUX, SCANDINAVIA, Leithen Francis
ITALY, FRANCE Francis and Low, Singapore
Happy autumn.
Ferruccio Silvera T: 65-6337-0818
Viale Monza 24 leithen@francisandlow.com
20127 Milano, Italy
SALES AND MARKETING
T: 39-022846716
COORDINATOR
F: 39-022893849
Monica Flick
ferruccio@silvera.it
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
PRESIDENT AND CEO SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, Alissa Marrapodi
Mike Hennessy Jr CONTENT
Silas Inman Assistant Managing Editor
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Neil Glasser, CPA/CFE SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT,
HUMAN RESOURCES &
CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER
ADMINISTRATION
Brett Melillo
Shari Lundenberg
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT,
SVP, MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS,
GLOBAL MEDICAL AFFAIRS &
STRATEGIC INNOVATION SUBSCRIPTIONS
CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT
Phil Talamo For subscription/circulation inquiries,
Joe Petroziello
EXECUTIVE CREATIVE email mmhinfo@mmhgroup.com
DIRECTOR, CREATIVE SERVICES or send via mail to: Turbomachinery Turbomachinery International (ISSN 0149-4147) is published bimonthly, plus an
Jeff Brown International, PO Box 457, extra issue in October, by MutliMedia Pharma Sciences, LLC 2 Clarke Dr. STE
100 Cranbury, NJ 08512. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to
Cranbury, NJ 08512-0457
Turbomachinery International PO Box 457 Cranbury NJ 08512- 0457, USA.
Publications Mail Agreement No 40612608. Return Undeliverable Canadian
EDITORIAL & BUSINESS OFFICES Addresses to: IMEX Global Solutions, PO Box 25542 London ON N6C 6B2.
CHAIRMAN AND FOUNDER, 1 9 6 0 - 2 0 2 1 Turbomachinery International Canadian G.S.T number: R-124213133RT001. Printed in U.S.A.
485 F Suite 210, Rt. 1 South
MIKE HENNESSY SR Iselin, NJ 08830
© 2023 MultiMedia Pharma Sciences LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
T: 609-716-7777 electronic or mechanical including by photocopy, recording, or information
storage and retrieval without permission in writing from the publisher.
20
AMarrapodi@MJHLifeSciences.com
JCook@MJHLifeSciences.com
DIRECTORY
32 Company Directory
CATEGORY LISTINGS
60 Aftermarket
61 Analysis & Software
62 Auxiliary Equipment
64 Boilers — Suppliers
64 Cogeneration & Combined
24
Cycle
64 Compressors & Expanders
64 Electric Equipment
65 Energy Resources
65 Environmental Services
65 Gas Turbines
65 Instrumentation & Control
66 Manufacturing
67 Materials
67 Pumps
67 Renewable Energy
67 Safety Equipment
12
67 Services
68 Steam Turbines
69 Training & Education
69 Trademarks
4 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
DIAPHRAGM COUPLINGS • COUPLING REFURBISHMENT
6 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Mitsubishi Power Digest
Mitsubishi Power Americas delivered two hydrogen-capable M501 JAC gas turbines
to the Intermountain Power Project (IPP) in Delta, UT. The turbines will utilize 30%
hydrogen fuel and are expected to generate 840 MW of net-generation output.
Mitsubishi also invested in Advanced Ionics, alongside bp Ventures and other
companies, for the production of hydrogen electrolyzers. The financing investment will
allow Advanced Ionics to deploy its Symbion water vapor electrolyzer technology to Aerial view of the IPP Renewed site under
accelerate green hydrogen production. construction. Credit: Business Wire
Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield
Technology Purchases 3D
Printer, Velo3D Sapphire XC
Schoeller-Bleckmann purchased the
Clark-Reliance
Sapphire XC large-format printer from Acquires John C.
Velo3D, which prints large metal parts up Ernst & Co.’s
to 600 mm D x 550 mm H. It can design Portfolio
complex geometries at a larger scale, with a
Clark-Reliance acquired John C.
400% throughput increase over the
Ernst & Co. to absorb its portfolio
The Sapphire XC large-format metal 3D printing
original model. The company will apply the
of sight flow indicators, sight
system from Velo3D at Schoeller-Bleckmann. Sapphire XC to metal additive manufactu- windows, liquid level gauges, and
Credit: Velo3D ring and component specifications.
other flow-meter products. The
addition of measurement and
process observation equipment
Hanwha Aerospace, Hanwha Ocean to Implement will enable Clark-Reliance to apply
ESS Tech in LNG Carriers, Container Ships a wider variety of technologies to
Hanwha Aerospace and Hanwha Ocean developed an energy storage system liquid and steam applications.
(ESS) to install on large, ocean-going vessels such as LNG carriers and container
ships. The ESS technology utilizes a lithium-ion battery and operates alongside
the ship’s internal combustion engine to form a hybrid power system. This
system allows for LNG or cargo transport with higher fuel efficiency and a lower
carbon emissions footprint, additionally outfitted with an internal control system
and fire extinguishing feature.
EthosEnergy Introduces CO2
Assessment Tool – EcoView
EthosEnergy and Politecnico di Torino and
Milano developed a CO2 assessment tool for
gas turbine rotors. The new tool provides
lifecycle assessment solutions and environ-
mental insights for each phase of the rotor
lifecycle. The data recorded by EcoView will
quantify potential carbon and financial
L NG carrier equipped with
reductions for maintaining equipment as
Hanwha’s MWh-class ESS
technology. Credit: Hanwha opposed to complete replacement.
8 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
HELPING OUR CUSTOMERS SUCCEED BY
REDUCING EMISSIONS
Reduced carbon footprint using hydrogen or carbon neutral fuels.
Carbon reduction through equipment upgrades.
Emissions reduction solutions to help customers achieve near-zero
methane targets.
Energy optimization to minimize lifecycle costs.
SoLoNOx™ combustion system to reduce NOx emissions.
he most serious issue for many the direct pressure signal to fast start-up of network, a steam turbine-driven oil pump,
large turbomachines, e.g., large the standby oil pump is the simplest and etc. Can the turbomachinery continue
pumps, turbocompressors, turbines, and most cost-effective solution. Of course, in operating properly during this transition?
others, is a cut-off of the lube oil flow. This some cases, even this may not be sufficient The same applies to many control and/or
could lead to a catastrophic failure of and other provisions may be needed. hydraulic oil systems. An oil accumulator
oil-lubricated bearings, such as hydrody- can be used, if needed, to deal with these
namic bearings, within a few seconds. It is TRANSIENT FAULTS types of situations.
important to understand how lube oil A common cause of unscheduled downtime
systems react to temporary faults, such as is the lube oil system’s inability to ride OIL ACCUMULATOR
those that can stop the oil pump. through transient events such as a 1- to An oil accumulator—or a set of accumula-
6-second loss of electrical power in the tors—maintains the oil pressure while the
STARTING THE STANDBY OIL PUMP network. For some hydrodynamic bearings, standby oil pump accelerates from an idle
At least two full-sized lubrication oil pumps even a 2- to 3-second interruption in lube oil condition to an operating speed during a 1- to
(one operating, another standby) should be flow during a transient situation could 6-second loss of electric power, for example,
employed in any critical turbomachinery cause damage. When an electrical fault or during other transient situations. The oil
with lubricated bearings. The lube oil pump happens in the electrical network con- pressure should always be above the
changeover or switch-over (starting the nected to the operating oil pump, the flow equipment’s minimum-specified oil-supply
standby pump) in various emergencies is an of oil could be lost for the duration of the pressure. The conservative sizing of the oil
important topic for any piece of turboma- fault. The question is can the turbomachin- accumulator is necessary because:
chinery. Starting the standby pump is ery tolerate such a situation? Over time, the situation may get worse,
necessary when lube oil (header) pressure Another concern when the oil pump fails and some margin is needed. For example,
falls. A fast response time is essential, and is the time needed to start up the standby oil an electrical-driven pump can degrade
although there are other solutions and pump, which can be an electrical-driven over time, which could decrease the
configurations for a decrease in pressure, pump connected to an alternative electrical available voltage to the electric motor of
10 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
TURBO TIPS
the standby oil pump. This voltage drop should hold up while the mid-pressure (the Amin Almasi is a Chartered
can impose serious limitations on the pressure between the maximum and the Professional Engineer in Australia and
start-up time needed for the pump. minimum) is retained. This can result in the U.K. (M.Sc. and B.Sc. in
mechanical engineering). He is a
To deal with inaccuracies and uncertainties two to four times more volume for the oil
senior consultant specializing in
in the theoretical assumptions and accumulator compared to a conventional rotating equipment, condition monitoring and reliability.
analytical calculations. water (or process) accumulator. ■
A DIFFERENT TYPE OF
ACCUMULATOR
Standard methods and calculation proce-
dures for commonly used water or process
accumulators cannot be applied to an oil
accumulator. A specific set of requirements
and considerations is needed for oil
accumulators in lube/control/hydraulic oil
services, different from what’s needed for
water or process services. An oil accumula-
tor should push oil to the system once the
minimum pressure (the low-pressure alarm
+ a margin) is reached. The required oil
U.S. POWER
INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
2024
Renewables continue to rock the new-build electric generation market, but gas-rich
Texas, and some locals, are pushing back.
BY BRITT BURT AND BROCK RAMEY
12 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Industrial
Industrial Info
IndustrialInfo
Info
Resources
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Market
Market AnalyticsEngine
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Industrial
Industrial Info
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Industrial Info Resources’ Market Analytics Engine
(MAE)
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Project
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North
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Land, TX TX
Land, TX 77479
77479 Tel:Tel:
77479 Tel: 800-762-3361
800-762-3361
800-762-3361
North Info
Industrial
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Office
Resources,
Resources, Inc.Inc.
Resources, Inc.
2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 300 - Sugar Land, TXwww.industrialinfo.com
Online:
Online:
Online:
77479 Tel: 800-762-3361
www.industrialinfo.com
www.industrialinfo.com
Industrial Info Resources, Inc. Online: www.industrialinfo.com
COVER STORY
U.S. Power Generation Capacity: Under Development with Construction Kick-off Scheduled During 2024-2028
94.6%
49,384 mw 2.9%
1,048 mw
34,960 mw
WEST ROCKY
COAST MOUNTAINS
742 mw 2,103 mw
0.2%
95.9% Mid
LEGEND 36 mw
125,206 mw 0.1% Fuel Oil
0.4
>1%
91.3%
125,206 MW 320 MW
A seasoned dealmaker with 36 years of Coal-rich states such as Montana, If such a legal challenge does make its
inside-the-Beltway experience as a U.S. Wyoming, West Virginia, Kentucky, way to the highest court in the land, the
senator, Joe Biden as President has notched and Utah have enacted various composition of the court seems unfavor-
impressive legislative victories to decarbon- measures to impede the closure or sale able to those who seek to decarbonize the
ize the U.S. power industry. The of coal-fired generators in their states, power sector. In 2022, the justices ruled
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, prop up in-state coal mines, and 6-3 against an EPA effort to cut carbon
enacted in late 2021, and the 2022 Inflation preserve the flow of tax revenues into emissions. Shortly after that decision,
Reduction Act, with $369 billion in federal state coffers. Congress closed the regulatory loophole
support for renewable energy, will go a long In the closing hours of the 2023 Texas that gave the justices such pause. Will the
way to reducing CO2 emissions from the state legislative calendar, lawmakers third time be the charm for this rule, or
power sector. approved, and Governor Greg Abbott will the court find yet another reason
In May 2023, the EPA issued its third set signed into law, a bill creating a $10 to intervene?
of draft regulations to reduce CO2 emissions billion fund to support the construc-
from current and future power plants. tion of new gas-fired generation, as These and other challenges to decarbon-
All significant accomplishments. But well as the modernization of existing ization emerged during 2023 and are
permanent? One wonders, given the forces gas-fired generators. Republican- expected to continue unfolding in 2024 and
that stand in opposition: elected officials and fossil-fuel beyond to shape the U.S. new-build power
Congressional Republicans, furious interests staunchly oppose the EPA’s business. The industry has an outlook that
about House Speaker Kevin May 2023 draft Clean Air Act rule extends for decades, but small changes in
McCarthy’s 11th-hour debt ceiling designed to limit CO2 emissions from the near term can lead to dramatically
deal this past spring, are determined power plants. Legal challenges are different outcomes in the long term.
to claw back federal spending on sure to come, perhaps even before the That said, renewable energy continues to
renewable energy, among other items, rule is finalized, and yet another trip dominate the outlook for U.S. new-build
under the rallying cry of to the U.S. Supreme Court power-generation projects scheduled to begin
fiscal austerity. appears likely. construction over the 2024-2028 period.
14 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
IMPROVE OPERATION,
REDUCE COSTS
With Custom Bearing Solutions
ENERGY TRANSITION That spending is expected to extend the energy transition into a rueful recognition
The transition to lower-emitting generation rush to renewables, but what’s different of the importance of supply chains. In 2023,
fuels has been underway for several years, about the 2024-2028 period is the dramatic electric utilities were forced to defer, or
but the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act’s increase in the projected volume of new- rebid, planned renewable energy additions,
direction of $369 billion of federal funds build construction: Developers plan to build citing rising component prices and delayed
into renewable energy is expected to about 482 GW of new generation over the delivery dates. Evergy, an electric utility
significantly strengthen a years-long trend 2024-2028 period, up 22% from last year and serving customers in Missouri and Kansas,
of heightened investment in new non-emit- at least double the amount of any five-year caught some negative publicity from
ting electric generation. period in the last 14 years (FIGURE 2). members of the environmental community
According to data tracked by Industrial By and large, electric utilities have found in mid-2023 after it went public with a
Info Resources, 94% of all new-build power that their customers like and prefer renew- revised schedule and mix of generating
generation projects scheduled to begin able energy, provided it is cost-competitive options that included building new
construction in the United States between with electricity produced from other fuels. gas-fired generation, per requirements of
January 2024 and December 2028 will be for The COVID-19 pandemic, now appar- its grid operator, and keeping some
renewable energy (see the MAP and ently receding into the rear-view mirror, operating coal generators open past their
FIGURE 1). turned much of the discussion about the planned retirement dates. Other utilities
have had to rejigger their clean-energy
Figure 1: Planned New-Build Generation, Renewables vs. Gas plans, some more publicly than others.
Ultimately, state utility regulatory
commissions, along with grid operators,
100 %
Percentage of New-Build Generation
94 % 94 %
88 % have the whip hand in deciding what gets
82%
80 % 72% built where and when. We expect that the
67%
60 %
65 % 61% 58 % 55 % 57% 55 % 57% shifting economics of generating electricity
60 %
will force several public utility commissions
43%
40 % 36 %
39 % 41% 41% 41%
(PUCs) to revisit decisions made in earlier
21%
26 %
integrated resource plan (IRP) dockets.
20 % 19 % 18 % 18 %
11% Texas already has decided: Going forward,
5% 5%
0% natural gas will play a bigger role in the state’s
electricity future. Lone Star State politicians
5
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16 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
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Energy Outlook produced by the U.S. Energy — Total Caps — Total Units Source: Industrial Info Resources
Information Administration (EIA). Coal’s
market share is expected to continue
weakening in the near term, sinking from The states with the largest dollar value Coal power plant decommissioning and
20% in 2022 to an estimated 15% in 2023, of in-plant capital projects are Wyoming dismantling (D&D) projects also are included
before rising slightly to 16% in 2024. (five projects valued at about $2.7 billion); in that $16.5 billion in-plant capital sum. The
Nuclear’s share of the electric generating Illinois (eight projects worth approximately value of these D&D projects is about $2.3
mix is expected to hold steady at about 19% $2.4 billion); Texas (19 projects valued at billion. The states with the largest dollar value
over the 2022-2024 period, while solar and $2.2 billion); and New Mexico (one project of D&D projects include Ohio, Michigan,
wind are expected to continue gaining worth about $1.3 billion). Indiana, Texas, and South Carolina.
market share. The $16.5 billion of planned in-plant The grim outlook for coal-fired generation
capital projects includes CCUS projects. in the United States mirrors the outlook for
COAL OUTLOOK A sharply increased federal tax credit of as coal mining. The number of people engaged in
New-build coal-fired generation has been a much as $85 per ton of CO2 removed has led coal mining has leveled out at about 41,000,
rounding error in recent years, and the companies to schedule billions of dollars of down more than 75% over the last two
2024-2028 period is no exception. “Early CCUS projects to be constructed at generations, according to the St. Louis Federal
retirement” continues to be the watchword coal-fired power plants over the next five Reserve Bank (FIGURE 4). And the amount of
for existing coal-fired generation, with nary years. We are tracking six CCUS projects, coal burned to generate electricity, after
a new-build project in sight. valued at $7.4 billion, that are scheduled to briefly surging in 2021 and 2022 as utilities
About 133 GW of coal-fired capacity has be built at stations in Illinois, Texas, restocked their fuel-depleted piles, is
been retired since 2010, and over the Wyoming (which has three projects), and expected to fall in 2023 and 2024 (FIGURE 5).
2024-2028 period, Industrial Info Resources New Mexico over the next five years. These King Coal’s woes are a result of many
(IIR) expects another 51 GW of coal genera- projects are expected to be vying for factors—regulatory, legislative, economic,
tion to be retired (FIGURE 3). expanded federal tax credits under section and technological—but another significant
But there are about 146 in-plant capital 45Q of the federal tax code. contributor is the rise of so-called “respon-
projects, worth an estimated $16.5 billion, Also included in that $16.5 billion sum sible” investing, where bankers and
that are scheduled to kick off at coal-fired are approximately 58 coal combustion investment managers at pension funds,
power plants across the United States over residuals (CCR) remediation projects that mutual funds, and other sources of public
the next five years. This broad category of are scheduled to begin construction by the and private capital use environmental,
projects includes automation; carbon end of 2028. The total investment value social, and governance (ESG) metrics to
capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS); (TIV) of these projects is about $3.6 billion. identify companies in which they want to
debottlenecking; decommissioning and The states with the greatest dollar value of invest—and those they don’t. Institutional
demolition (D&D); efficiency upgrades; projects for remediating CCR, also known investors with more than $120 trillion of
environmental remediation; life extensions; as coal ash ponds, are Montana, Texas, assets under management have adopted the
upgrades; and uprates. Indiana, and Missouri. U.N. Principles of Responsible Investing (PRI),
18 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
484·821·0702
RotatingMachinery.com
Rotor
Pre-Downtime 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Days
Mechanically Complete
RMS
TRAINING · CONSULTING · REPAIR · RERATES · ANALYSIS · FIELD SERVICE · OVERHAULS · SPARE PARTS FOR ALL MAKES AND MODELS OF TURBOMACHINERY
COVER STORY
180
160
140
Thousands of Person
120
100
80
60
40
20
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
Shaded areas indicate U.S. recessions. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics fred.stlouisfed.org
Figure 5: Coal Use at Electric Generators Expected to Decrease in 2023, 2024 which don’t permit investing in or lending to
companies in the coal business (FIGURE 6).
Because each trend spawns a counter-
1,200
trend, there has been some recent push-
Millions of Short Tons of Coal Used by
1,000 935
back against ESG, or “responsible”
826
861 854 investing: 18 states have enacted or
Electric Generators
800 740
677 664
proposed legislation restricting the state
636
600 538 from doing business with companies that
498 513
436 417 418 use ESG investing criteria, arguing that
400
those criteria mask a political agenda.
200 During 2023, coal generators in a variety
of states, including Michigan, Utah,
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023E 2024E Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia,
Year and Texas, either were closed or announced
Source: Electric Power Monthly and Short-Term Energy Outlook reports, U.S. Energy Information Administration premature retirement decisions. Asset
owners claimed a variety of reasons for the
decisions, but, broadly speaking, there were
Figure 6: Surge in Cumulative Investments in “Responsible” Companies and Funds
two reasons: 1) renewable generation, even
allowing for its recent price increases, is
$160
still more economical than operating
$140 existing coal plants; and 2) state and federal
Global Assets Under Management
$121
$120 environmental regulations and laws made it
$103
$100 uneconomic to continue operating
($ Trillions)
$86
$80
$82 those plants.
$68
$59 $62 A countervailing trend to coal unit
$60
$45 retirements is the delay in planned
$40 $34
$24
$32
retirements due to delays in interconnect-
$18 $21
$20
$7 $10 $13
ing renewables to the grid, supply chain
0 bottlenecks, and permitting delays. In the
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Dollars Invested Under Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI) Guidelines face of rising electric demand and contin-
ued uncertainties surrounding new-build
Source: United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment
projects, an operating power plant—even
20 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
one that burns coal—is worth more than canceled or placed on hold 224 proposed
projects that remain on the drawing board. new-build natural gas-fired projects valued
at $80 billion. For that period, the greatest
NATURAL GAS OUTLOOK dollar value of cancellations and project
Natural gas generation is feeling the fossil-fuel delays were Texas (41 projects valued at
“splatter” effect that has hobbled coal-fired $18.2 billion), Pennsylvania (25 projects
generation. Even though natural gas only valued at $7.7 billion), Virginia (seven
emits about half the CO2 as coal when burned projects valued at $4.9 billion), Ohio (eight
for generation, gas-fired generation still projects valued at $4.5 billion), and New
contributes to global climate change. Jersey (seven projects valued at $4 billion).
After a decade when developers made a The wave of proposed gas plant cancella-
“dash to gas,” that bloom is off the rose. tions and deferments doesn’t reflect the sharp
Only about 4.7% of all new-build generation political divide between blue and red states.
scheduled to begin construction over the Deep-red states like Texas, Florida, Indiana,
next five years will use gas as a fuel. By and Ohio are among the leaders in gas-fired
contrast, as shown in FIGURE 1, five years project cancellations or deferments, alongside
ago that percentage was 41%. A decade ago, deep-blue states like California, New Jersey,
that percentage was a still respectable 36%. New York, and Pennsylvania.
Gas’ share of the electric fuel market Whatever the drivers—remember Tip
should rise over the next five years, as Texas O’Neill’s famous quip that all politics is
begins disbursing its $10 billion to support local—the dash to gas has slowed dramati-
dispatchable generation. cally. What could revive it? Widespread
But for now, the new-build gas market generation-related power outages. Perhaps
remains a shadow of its former self. Texas had solid reasons—beyond supporting
The regions with the largest share of the home team—to create a $10 billion fund
planned new-build gas generation are the to build or modernize gas-fired generation.
Mid-Atlantic (15.6%) and the Great Lakes As the United States sweltered under an
(13.6%). At the other end of the spectrum, the unrelenting heat dome during the summer
regions that plan to build the least amount of of 2023, fingers were crossed that power Turbo Part Specialist
gas generation over the 2024-2028 period are plants that were being run hard and long Gas Turbine / Steam Turbine
New England (0.1%), the Rocky Mountains would hold up. Turbo Compressor / Rotor
(0.3%), the Southeast (0.7%), and the Midwest Developers who canceled or placed Diaphragm / Blade / Vane
Bolt / Nut / Labyrinth Seal
(1.6%). All told, IIR expects about 19 GW of proposed gas-fired power projects on hold Packing Ring / Impeller
new-build gas generation to be built over the cited the shifting economics of electricity Blisk / Diffuser
next five years. generation, driven by technology advances
By contrast, about $19.1 billion of and regulatory or legislative mandates to
Reverse Engineering
Retrofit
new-build natural gas-fired generation build non-emitting generation. For Upgrade
projects that were scheduled to kick off example, New York’s plan to fight climate Overhaul
during 2024-2028 have been canceled or change envisions 70% of all electricity
placed on hold, according to IIR’s data. The coming from non-emitting generation.
states with the greatest dollar value of project California’s renewable portfolio standard
delays or cancellations are Texas (nine (RPS) requires 60% of electricity to come
projects valued at $6.6 billion), Michigan (six from renewables by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
projects valued at $ 2.5 billion), West Virginia The Golden State recently reported that
(two projects valued at $1.4 billion), and RPS-eligible resources accounted for more
Florida (six projects valued at $1.1 billion). than 37% of electricity delivered to custom-
As large as these numbers are, they pale ers in 2021. www.flowdy.co.kr
in comparison with the prior five-year But there are signs that the Golden State flowdy7@gmail.com
period (2019-2023) when developers may be rethinking its stance on gas, at least
for the near term. In a mid-year 2023 article, California has not greenlighted a new- early 2022, briefly brought gas price volatility
“California just can’t kick its coastal gas plant build gas power plant. Instead, it is trying to back with a vengeance, according to the EIA.
addiction,” the Los Angeles Times wrote: get a few more years of service out of the Market forces of supply and demand have
“Three natural gas-fired power plants in gas-powered generators on the coast, until since reasserted control, driving pieces back
Huntington Beach, Long Beach and battery energy storage becomes large enough, down to pre-Uri levels.
Oxnard were supposed to shut down in reliable enough, and economically viable so Electric generators are expected to pay an
2020, under a regulation designed to that it can replace gas generation. Gradually, average of between $3 and $4 per MMBtu
protect marine life. But (in 2020) officials gas generation will fade in California. during 2023 and 2024, the agency predicted.
voted to let the polluting generators keep But gas is proposed as the fuel to power Longer term, the EIA expects gas use for
churning out power another three years, several large planned CCUS projects in the electric generation to fall about one-third,
just a few weeks after California experi- Golden State. Overall, gas will be used in from approximately 12 trillion cubic feet (Tcf)
enced its first rolling blackouts since the about 4% of new-build generation con- in 2022 to less than 8 Tcf by 2030, though the
early-2000s energy crisis. Now regulators structed in the western United States over agency’s Annual Energy Outlook acknowl-
are gearing up to approve another the next five years; by contrast, developers edged there could be a high level of variance
three-year extension, which would allow plan to build far more renewable genera- under alternate scenarios (FIGURE 8).
the plants to run through 2026. It’s only the tion—about 49 GW worth—in that region Demand for gas among electric generators
latest illustration of the difficult balancing over that timeframe. will fall as renewables capture market share.
act California faces in its quest to phase out Gassier regions include the Great Lakes, In mid-2023, as heatwaves broiled large
planet-warming fossil fuels and show the where about 6 GW of new-build gas sections of the United States, grid operators
rest of the world that addressing the generation is slated to start turning dirt and the North American Electric Reliability
climate crisis is possible.” over the next five years. Developers also Corp. (NERC) warned, once again, that the
plan to begin construction of about 5 GW of U.S. electric supply was one banana peel
The hand of environmental regulators gas generation in the Southwest during away from a catastrophic crash. Judging
in the state was forced after several 2024-2028. In the Mid-Atlantic, about from the surge in announced new-build
summers of wildfires and power outages led 3.6 GW of new gas generation is expected to generation plans in recent years (FIGURE 2),
to unpopular public safety power shutoffs begin construction over the next five years. developers and utilities have taken notice,
(PSPS), where investor-owned utilities were Electric asset owners have paid more though only 5% of new-build generation over
given permission to preemptively shut off volatile prices in recent years when com- the 2024-2028 period is expected to be fired
power in certain areas under red-flag pared with the quieter period of 2015-2020 by natural gas (FIGURE 1).
conditions: high heat, low humidity, and when prices averaged a little more than $3
high winds. Those conditions, coupled with per million British thermal units (MMBtu) RENEWABLES OUTLOOK
failing utility equipment, have sparked (FIGURE 7). But Winter Storm Uri in early King Coal ruled the electric kingdom for
extremely destructive wildfires in recent 2021, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in most of the 20th century. Gas was great—for
years. But even the PSPS could not stop
rolling blackouts in certain areas during the Figure 7: Gas Prices Paid by Electric Generators since 2002
blazing hot summer of 2022.
The state’s environmental regulators, Dollars per Average cost of fossil fuels for electricity generation (per Btu)
million Btu for natural gas, monthly
forced to choose between people without
20
power during broiling summers or fish that
could be harmed by warmer water from
15
gas-fired power plants, opted for people
over fish. 10
The decision also was shaped by the state’s
deepening “duck curve,” in which there is a 5
surplus of renewable power during off-peak
0
periods, like mid-day during the summers, 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022
and a shortfall during summer afternoons. — United States: electric power
Dispatchable gas-fired generation to the Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Source: EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook (July 2023)
rescue! At least, for the short term.
22 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
COVER STORY
(98.3%), and the Northeast (96.3%). The least because they were unable to secure an
Figure 8: Gas Demand From Electric
green regions, the Great Lakes and the interconnection agreement.
Generators Projected to Decline Through 2030
Mid-Atlantic, still show renewable energy Like other sectors of the power industry,
2022 projects accounting for more than 80% of renewable developers and utilities are still
16
history projections High Economic planned new-build power projects over the working to remove supply-chain bottlenecks
14 Growth-High
12 ZTC 2024-2028 period. that have caused project costs to rise and
10 By type of generation, solar continues to in-service dates to be pushed back. Some
Reference
8 be the leader: Approximately 45% of all sectors have fared better than others, but
6 new-build renewable generation built over supply-chain delays have led to shortages of
Low ZTC
4 the next five years is expected to be solar, panels, inverters, and transformers.
2
continuing a yearslong trend where power Supply-chain snafus also are threatening
0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 from the sun is rising, while wind power is plans to build wind turbines offshore.
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2023 slowing (FIGURE 9). President Biden aims to have 30 GW of
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) offshore wind operating by 2030, but the U.S.
a decade or two. Now, we are several years continue to make sharp gains in new-build Department of Energy’s most recent estimate
into a period where renewables rock. construction kickoffs: Those systems are is that only 7 GW will be spinning by 2029. In
According to data tracked by IIR, about expected to account for nearly 20% of all addition to a global shortfall of underwater
460 GW of new-build renewable generation new-build renewable generation over the cables and inverters, these proposed projects
is scheduled to begin construction over the 2024-2028 period, up from 17% last year and face opposition from commercial fishermen
next five years, roughly 94% of all virtually nothing in the prior years. and environmental activists worried about
new generation. This extraordinarily green future may not the impact offshore wind could have on their
Our traditional caveat applies here. IIR fully come to pass if Congressional Republicans livelihoods and the underwater ecosystem,
doesn’t believe all this planned new are successful in clawing back some of the most notably whales and dolphins.
generation will begin construction accord- estimated $369 billion in investments designed For all the forces driving the renewable
ing to this schedule. This is particularly true to slash CO2 emissions from the power sector. generation buildout and the construction of
for renewable generation, which has Another potential headwind blowing new BESS, resource competition and prices
become more competitive over the years against renewable generation is the have emerged as significant headwinds.
but still has some reliance on state and yearslong interconnection queue, driven in Electric vehicles (EVs), BESS projects, and
federal tax credits and incentives. part by the sheer number of proposed renewable energy generators all use, to
Our power plant database continues to projects. Significant delays in connecting some degree, the same minerals: lithium,
show a high level of dynamism for planned new generation have taken place at most nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite.
renewable generation: Each day, new RTOs and ISOs, including PJM, MISO, SPP, Also, EVs use much more copper than their
projects are added to our database while and even ERCOT. In PJM, some projects internal combustion counterparts. Demand
others are deferred or canceled. In our have been delayed at least 24 months for EVs, BESS, and renewable generation
experience, as much as half of all planned has surged, putting upward price pressure
renewable generation projects eventually are Figure 9: Solar Owns a Strong Plurality of the on the minerals.
canceled or placed on hold—nearly double New-Build Renewable Market There remains a pitched debate over
the rate for proposed gas-fired generation. whether the projected supply of these clean
No matter how the future unfolds, this is Hydro energy minerals will be sufficient to meet
what we know today: Renewables are 9% projected demand, and at what price.
expected to account for approximately 94% Battery Energy
The International Energy Agency (IEA)
of all planned new-build generation Storage System
Solar
released a midyear 2023 report, Critical
projects in the United States over the next 19% 45% Minerals Market Review 2023, with an
five years. anxious undertone. “At a pivotal moment
By region, the areas with the greatest Wind for clean-energy transitions worldwide, we
planned reliance on new-build renewable 27% are encouraged by the rapid growth in the
energy are New England (99.9% of all market for critical minerals, which are
scheduled new-build construction), the crucial for the world to achieve its energy
Source: Industrial Info Resources
Rocky Mountains (99.1%), the Midwest and climate goals,” said IEA Executive
24 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
TM
Director Fatih Birol. “Even so, major target price for power from those SMRs had
challenges remain. Much more needs to be jumped 53%, to about $89 per MWh, up from
done to ensure supply chains for critical an earlier estimate of $58 per MWh. INFO@HRSTINC.COM
minerals are secure and sustainable.” Construction of the project is scheduled WWW.HRSTINC.COM
to begin in early 2025, and the units are
NUCLEAR OUTLOOK expected to be operational by 2030.
1-952-767-8100
The first unit addition to the Alvin W. Vogtle Stay tuned.
Nuclear Power Station was brought online
on July 31, 2023, billions of dollars over MICROGRIDS OUTLOOK
budget and years late. Unit 4 is expected to The microgrid sector of the power industry
begin commercial operations at the end of continues to grow as the push for decarbon-
2023 or the start of 2024. And thus, will end ization, resiliency, and distributed energy
the much ballyhooed “Nuclear Renaissance,” resources moves forward.
perhaps better titled “Nuclear Renaissance Over the last couple of years, federal
Part 1,” as hopes are rising about its sequel: legislation, such as the Infrastructure
small modular reactors (SMRs). Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation CoolVision™ Firing Duct Viewport
Presently, IIR is tracking about 2 GW of Reduction Act, as well as state-level regulations
new-build nuclear that is scheduled to begin and the reliability-related conclusions of cities,
construction over the next five years. military bases, commercial customers, and
This includes: industrial concerns, have combined to expand
809 MW in the Rocky Mountains, split the prospects for microgrid installations.
between the Utah Associated Municipal Moving into 2024, IIR expects spending
Power Systems (UAMPS) at the Idaho in this sector to continue to climb, with
National Laboratory and TerraPower’s more than $500 million in projects
Natrium project at the Kemmerer scheduled to begin construction that year
brownfield site in Wyoming alone. We expect that number will grow as
798 MW in the Southeast at the Oak we move deeper into the 2024-2028 period.
Ridge Clinch River brownfield site Industrial energy producers are feeling High-Temperature Roof Pipe Seal
320 MW in the Southwest, the Seadrift the push to install microgrids through
project is scheduled to be built at a Dow either site-specific unit additions or
Chemical site in Calhoun County, TX through third-party agreements for
microgrids to be installed onsite by a
Overall, new-build nuclear is expected third-party owner-operator. One of the
to account for less than 1% of all new drivers in the industrial manufacturing
generation over the next five years. sector is a renewed federal government
Given the last 50 years of per- push for all federal and military sites to
formance by the nuclear industry, with any have a microgrid installed by 2030.
type of reactor design and cooling systems, Historically, most microgrids were Series 5 Mechanical Pipe Seal
we have our doubts the industry can clear powered by diesel or natural gas, but a
even that low bar. growing percentage of deployments are
In 2020, the UAMPS project secured a planned to be powered by renewable
$1.355 billion grant from the U.S. Department generation, coupled with some form of
of Energy to build up to 12 SMRs at 60 MW energy storage.
each. At the end of 2022, it reduced the
number of units and increased the size of each ENERGY STORAGE OUTLOOK
SMR so that the net result was about 462 MW, There are about 9,565 MW of energy storage
down from the 720 MW originally envisioned. systems operating in mid-2023, a sharp surge
One reason for the reduced scope: over 2021 and 2020 numbers, according to the
NuScale, the developer, in early 2023 said the EIA. Most of those systems, about 9,003 MW
Severe Service Access Door
8,000
IEP using renewables.
RTO
7,000 Non-RTO
26 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
POWER SYSTEMS MARKET INTELLIGENCE
forecastinternational.com
75 Glen Rd, Suite 302 | Sandy Hook, CT 06482 USA
Phone: 203.426.0800 E-mail: sales@forecast1.com
GAS TURBINES
WORLDWIDE
GAS TURBINE
FORECAST
There is a positive sales projection for gas turbines over the next decade.
BY CARTER PALMER
he gas turbine market, in terms and the market will remain stable for the replacements and the implementing of new
of producing electricity, is near-to-mid-term future. These levels of facilities to cover increasing power
returning to its pre-Covid levels, production will be driven by gas-turbine demands worldwide. Projected energy
$12B
$10B
$8B
$6B
$4B
$2B
$0
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032
28 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
FIGURE 2. Gas Turbine Electrical Power Generation
400
300
200
100
0
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032
demand for natural gas usage and in turn gas turbines will be a key
driver of production moving forward. Other forms of power
production, such as coal, will lose ground to gas turbines
and renewables.
If there is one factor that has changed the technology of power
generation more than any other it is the shift away from coal as a
fuel source and the rise of natural gas. This shift is the result of
Excellence in
three converging influences: The first is a general concern over
pollution and the drive toward environmental responsibility. This
has been given added impetus in recent years by concerns over CO2
emissions and their reported effects on climate. However, the turn
gas turbine air
against coal predates climate-change issues and owes much to the management
use of lignite as a power station fuel. Lignite—also known as brown
coal or its German equivalent, braunkohle—is laden with impuri-
ties and contaminated with materials that give rise to toxic
byproducts, including the notorious “acid rain.”
The polluting character of coal-fired power generation has led
to a concerted drive to get rid of it. In Western Europe, and the Maximize turbine performance while
United Kingdom in particular, coal-fired power plants are under meeting noise requirements:
sentence of death, and dates for their closure have been imposed. Dürr Universal is your trusted source for
simple and combined cycle turbine air
In the United Kingdom, coal-fired power has now been phased out
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from energy production. In contrast, combined-cycle gas turbines turn-key air inlet and exhaust products and
account for roughly 52%, and nuclear power 23%, of energy services assures you of a safe and
successful project. Dürr Universal's in-
production. This pattern is being repeated across the rest of
house engineering, manufacturing, project
Europe and into North America. However, coal remains a favored management and installation teams are
choice for power generation in countries like China and much of dedicated to help you optimize your gas
Eastern Europe because of those countries’ huge coal reserves and turbine assets.
www.durr-universal.com
less stringent environmental policies. Even lignite remains in use
despite the environmental damage it causes.
$80M
$60M
$40M
$20M
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032
60kMW
50kMW
40kMW
30kMW
20kMW
10kMW
$0
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032
30 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
www.s‐k.com
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Gas turbines are therefore prioritizing service over
here to stay but are not the only production. The capacity in
source of power. Although Russia is there, so maintenance Throttle Trip Valves
relatively clean when compared in their current situation makes 3” - 24” to 2500# Class
to fossil fuel-driven energy more sense than replacing gas
production, gas turbines are turbines for more efficient
Non Return Valves
not as green as wind, solar, and units. Ukraine is likely in a 4” - 30” to 1500# Class
other renewables. Renewable similar situation. Designed in accordance
energy plants are notoriously Forecast International is with applicable codes
fickle when it comes to output. forecasting that the lion’s share • ASME BPVC Section VIII
• ANSI B16.34 & B16.5
A heavily clouded, sunless day of gas turbines sold over the
• API 611
can drastically reduce power next 10 years will be turbines in • NEMA SM23/24
output from solar panels, and a the 250-500 MW range for
calm windless day can have the power generation. This
same effect on power from wind conclusion is based on histori-
farms. In theory, at least, there cal sales and the popularity of
is a marked need to provide machines in this class.
additional conventional Turbines of higher output and
power-generating capacity to lower MW still have their place
act as a gap filler. The introduc- depending on the needs of the
tion of hydrogen into gas end user.
turbines will make them Microturbines also have Service and repair locations in
cleaner; however, there are their niche and are forecasted Texas, California and Pennsylvania
issues such as transportation of for slight growth over the next
the gas and modification of 10 years. Capstone will continue
turbomachinery that must be
solved before hydrogen’s
to dominate the market with
FlexEnergy following.
SOHRE TURBOMACHINERY®
by Shaft Current Solutions
widespread use. Manufacturers The COVID-19 pandemic
are currently working with hurt the market, but with sales
their gas turbine products to recovering, the 10-year forecast Defining the Standard for
burn hydrogen; however, should experience minimal
mixtures of natural gas and growth in terms of unit
Electric Discharge Protection
hydrogen will likely be the production and remain largely for Five Decades
norm before gas turbines flat barring any unforeseen
regularly burn 100% hydrogen. circumstances.
GE Gas Power, Siemens
Energy, Mitsubishi Power, and
Ansaldo Energia are forecasted Carter Palmer is an Industrial
as the top four turbine manu- & Marine Turbine Analyst at
facturers over the next 10 years. Forecast International, a
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components of turbomachinery including: Aviation, vweber@clark-reliance.com
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cmac
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for efficiency and longevity.
Compressors
GE OIL & GAS - MEASUREMENT & GLOBAL TRAINING SOLUTIONS GOVERNOR CONTROL SYSTEMS,
CONTROL INC. INC.
1100 Technology Park Dr. P.O. Box 26067 3101 SW 3rd Ave.
Billerica, MA 01821 USA 3163 Winston Churchill Blvd. Fort Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA
Contact: Nik Noel Mississauga, ON L5L 5W7 Canada Contact: David Whittle, Director of
Tel: 978 437-1128 Contact: Sales, VP of Sales Engineering & Service
FS-ELLIOTT
nikolas.noel@ge.com Tel: 416-806-5777 Tel: 954-462-7404
5710 Mellon Rd.
www.ge-mcs.com info@globaltrainingsolutions.ca Toll Free: 877-659-6328
Export, PA 15632-8948 USA
Sensor-based measurement; non-destructive www.globaltrainingsolutions.ca Fax: 954-761-8651
Contact: Jimmy Tang, VP Global
testing/inspection; flow/process control; plant Online training for predictive, preventative david.whittle@govconsys.com
Sales
controls; condition monitoring maintenance, safety, infrared thermography www.govconsys.com
Tel: 724-387-3200
Instrumentation & Controls certification. GCS specializes in innovative control system
jimmy.tang@fs-elliott.com
Training integration and monitoring solutions.
www.fs-elliott.com
GEA Control Systems & Governors
FS-Elliott is a global leader in the
engineering and manufacturing of oil-free, 3475 Board Rd. GLOBAL TURBOMACHINERY
centrifugal compressors York, PA 17406 USA CONSULTING GROUP GRACO AIR
with operations in over 90 Contact: Todd Kennedy, Process 2951 Marina Bay Dr. Ste. 130 36138 FM 149 Rd.
countries. Building on a Systems Sales Manager 275 League City, TX 77573 USA Pinehurst, TX 77362 USA
60-year tradition of Tel: 717-487-7577 Contact: Hurlel G. Elliott, Owner- Contact: Erika Gracida, Manager
excellence, FS-Elliott todd.kennedy@gea.com Consulting Engineer Tel: 832-REN-TAIR
combines an unwavering www.gea.com/oilgas Tel: 835-715-3285 rentals@gracoair.com
commitment to quality Process refrigeration and gas compression, consulting_services@gtcgonline.com www.gracoair.com
with the desire for advancing technology to compressor packages, complete cooling systems. www.gtcgonline.com Solutions for all your industrial air compressor needs
bring value to our customers, allowing them Compressors - Packagers Fluid machinery reliability improvement, failure Compressors
to increase their productivity and lower avoidance, maintenance cost reduction consulting
system operating costs. Learn more at www. GEA HEAT EXCHANGERS GMBH Consulting Services GRAPHITE METALLIZING
fs-elliott.com. Dorstener Strasse 484 CORPORATION
Compressors • Compressors - Bochum 44809 Germany GLORIA MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Graphalloy Division 1050 Nepperhan
Centrifugal Contact: Gaby Fildhaut, Senior CORP. Ave.
Manager, Press Relations No.10, Gong 2nd Rd. Liuying District Yonkers, NY 10703 USA
Tel: 0049 234 980 2585 Tainan 736 Taiwan Contact: Eben Walker, President
GARD SPECIALISTS CO., INC. gaby.fildhaut@gea.com Contact: George Liu, Director, Energy Tel: 914-968-8400
P.O. Box 157 621 Hwy. 17 South www.brand-change.com Business Dept. Fax: 914-968-8468
Eagle River, WI 54521 USA GEA provides one of the most extensive heat Tel: 88666520031 sales@graphalloy.com
Contact: William Swackhamer, DirMil exchangers portfolios george@gmtc.com.tw www.graphalloy.com
Services Heat Exchangers www.gmtc.com.tw GRAPHALLOY material: suited for submerged or
Tel: 715-479-9365 Specialty Steel and Ni-alloy manufacturer for steam high-temp. bearings or bushings.
Toll Free: 800-541-9301 GLEBUS ALLOYS LLC and gas turbines. Bearings
Fax: 715-479-9269 883 Hampshire Rd. Ste. E High Temperature Metals
maintech5@verizon.net Stow, OH 44224 USA GREAT RIVER ENERGY
www.gardspecialists.com Contact: Jim Parmelee, Sales Director GOIMEK 17845 East Hwy. 10
We develop and market specialty maintenance Tel: 330-867-9999 Itziarko Industrialdea, 2 Partzela Elk River, AL 55330 USA
products. Fax: 330-865-0862 Itziar-Deba, Guipuzcoa 20829 Spain Contact: Michael Shevich, North Ct
Repair - Accessories jim.parmelee@glebusalloys.com Contact: Marc Souto, Engineer Supervisor
www.glebusalloys.com Tel: +34 943 606 315 Tel: 763-241-2352
GAS & AIR SYSTEMS, INC. Self-Lubricated Bearing Materials, CSM Solid Alloys msouto@goimek.com mshevich@grenergy.com
1304 Whitaker St. & CBM Bi-Metal. www.goimek.com www.greatriverenergy.com
Hellertown, PA 18055 USA Bearings • Parts - Manufacturers Precision machining services and large size Wholesale Electric Service for Member
Contact: Stephen St.Martin, General machining Cooperatives
Manager Machining Gas Turbines
Tel: 610-838-9625 GLEITLAGERTECHNIK
Fax: 610-838-9650 WEISSBACHER GMBH
sestmartin@gasair.net Weseler Strasse 32
www.gasair.net Alpen, Nordrhein-Westfalen 46519
Process and Industrial Gas & Air Compressors Germany
Compressors - Reciprocating Contact: Christoph Weissbacher
Tel: 49280210250
Fax: 4928027435
GAS ELECTRIC PARTNERSHIP cweissbacher@gtwalpen.de GREENE TWEED
5327 Mandell St. www.gtwalpen.de GORMAN-RUPP COMPANY 1930 Rankin Rd.
Houston, TX 77005 USA Hydrodynamic plain bearing design, manufacturing 600 S. Airport Rd. Houston, TX 77073 USA
Contact: Richard Schmeal, CEO and repair since 1987. Mansfield, OH 44903 USA Contact: Ashley Miller, Marketing
Tel: 713-529-3216 Bearings Contact: Jeff Hannan, Industrial Sales Communications Manager
rschmeal@ix.netcom.com Manager Tel: 281-765-4500
www.gaselectricpartnership.com Tel: 419-755-1011
GLOBAL MARKET INSIGHTS, INC. Toll Free: 800-927-3301
Houston’s Favorite Gas and Energy Conference Fax: 419-755-1251
4 North Main St. amiller@gtweed.com
Consulting Services Jeff.Hannan@gormanrupp.com
Selbyville, DE 19975 USA www.gtweed.com
Contact: Rahul Varpe, Marketing www.grpumps.com Engineered high-performance seals, wear parts, and
GAUMER PROCESS Executive Manufacturer of pumps and pumping systems. electrical and data connectors.
13616 Hempstead Rd. Tel: 302-846-7766 Pumps • Pumps - Centrifugal Research & Development - Seals • Seals
Houston, TX 77040 USA Toll Free: 888-689-0688
Contact: Mark Crosby, General Manager rahul@gminsights.com
Tel: (800) 460-5200 www.gminsights.com
MarkC@gaumer.com Global Market Insights is global market research&
www.gaumer.com consulting service provider.
Gaumer Process, leaders in engineering and design Market Research
of electric heaters.
Heaters
GREENGOLD ENERGY LTD. HCS GROUP, INC. HITACHI AMERICA LTD. HOUSTON DYNAMIC SERVICE, INC.
Level 15 Bangunan Getah Asli (Menara) 1030 1st St. 50 Prospect Ave. 8150 Lawndale St.
148 Jalan Ampang Humble, TX 77338 USA Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA Houston, TX 77012 USA
Kuala Lumpur, WP 50450 Malaysia Contact: Mike Kemp, President Contact: Chiaki Nagaoka, Sr. Sales Contact: Clayton Lau, President
Contact: Mus’ab Mustaffa, COO Tel: 281-540-4838 Manager Tel: 713-928-6200
Tel: 60321613161 Fax: 285-540-6105 Tel: 914 332-5800 Fax: 713-928-2903
Fax: 60321617181 mike.kemp@hcsgroup.com chiaki.nagaoka.qy@hitachi.com clayton@houstondynamic.com
musab@greengold.my www.hcsgroup.com www.hitachi.com/businesses/ www.houstondynamic.com
www.greengold.my Specialize on 25MW and less gas turbine systems infrastructure/redirect/re_ip.html Seal Strip Solutions, J & L Strips, refurbish seal
A specialised in designing & promoting Renewable Cogeneration Eng. & Consulting Services Hitachi is a worldwide supplier of Industrial Process housings
Energy in ASEAN countries. Gas Compressors. Seals
Gas Turbines - Packagers HEAT TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES Compressors - Centrifugal
Cap Couserans 8 rue notre dame HPI, LLC
GT SAS DI TUZI GABRIELE Saint Lizier 9190 France HI-TECH FURNACE SYSTEMS, INC. 15503 West Hardy Rd.
via Mazzini 3 Contact: Bernard Delvalle, Sales Manager 13179 West Star Dr. Houston, TX 77060 USA
MANTOVA, Lombardia 46100 Italy Tel: +33 6 85 20 11 95 Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA Contact: Nicole Ebert, Director of
Contact: Gabriele Tuzi, Owner Fax: +33 5 34 14 39 31 Contact: Robert Kornfeld, President Marketing
Tel: 3398319822 b.delvalle@h2t-fr.com Tel: 586-566-0600 Tel: 713-457-7500
request@gabrieletuzi.com conseil.h2t-fr.com rkornfeld@hi-techfurnace.com Fax: 713-457-7501
www.gabrieletuzi.com We specialize in the fields of energy & fluids. www.hi-techfurnace.com nebert@hpi-llc.com
blades, vanes, combustor, rotor, casing, installation Consulting Services Fluoride Ion Cleaning (FIC) and Chemical Vapor www.hpi-llc.com
kits, filters, honey combs Deposition (CVD) systems. HPI,LLC provides solutions for all types of rotating
Gas Turbines HIGH TECH SERVICES Repair & Overhaul - Gas Turbines equipment needs.
999 E. Arapho Ste. 200 Control Systems - Retrofit
GTANALYSIS, INC. Richardson, TX 75081 USA HOERBIGER SERVICE -
2848 Manatee Ave. E Contact: Jonathan Brashier, Sales MIDDLE EAST HUBEI DEFON HEAT EXCHANGER
Bradenton, FL 34208 USA Tel: 972-690-0901 Jebel Ali Free Zone CO. LTD.
Contact: Kenneth Boehm, President Fax: 972-690-4762 P.O. Box 17153, Rd. 626 268 Daye Rd.
Tel: 941-746-5800 jonathanbrashier@hightechservices.com Dubai 17153 United Arab Emirates Daye City, Hubei 435100 China
info@gtanalysis.com www.hightechservices.com Contact: Prithviraj Shetty, Project Contact: Dan Cullis, Director of
www.gtanalysis.com Fabrication/rebuilding of vacuum equipment and Engineer International Sales
Combined Cycle Digital Twin Monitoring Wet helium leak detection. Tel: 97148814567 Tel: 86-714-8762954
Compression Controls Firing PPA Vacuum Equipment prithviraj.shetty@hoerbiger.com dan.cullis@hbdefon.com
Remote Monitoring & Diagnostics www.hoerbiger.com www.hbdefon.com
Engineering Services heat exchangers-Shell and Tube, Extended Surface,
GTI PREDICITVE TECHNOLOGY Plate- Frame, oil coolers
33 Zachary Rd. HOFFER FLOW CONTROLS Heat Exchangers
Manchester, NH 03109 USA 107 Kitty Hawk Ln.
Contact: Paul Berberian, VP Sales & Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA HYDAC CORPORATION
Marketing Contact: Sandee Kelly, VP North 2260 City Line Rd.
Toll Free: 888-473-9675 American Sales Bethlehem, PA 18017 USA
HILCO FILTRATION DIVISION OF
paulb@gtipredictive.com Tel: 252-331-1997 Contact: Jonathan McLean, Market
THE HILLIARD CORPORATION
www.gtipredictive.com Toll Free: 800-628-4584 Manager - Industrial OEM
100 W. Fourth St.
Predictive maintenance solutions for the iPad Fax: 252-331-2886 Tel: 610-266-0100
Elmira, NY 14901 USA
platform. Vibration, Balance, Alignment info@hofferflow.com jonathan.mclean@hydacusa.com
Contact: Rob Doud, Marketing
Vibration Analysis www.hofferflow.com www.hydacusa.com
Manager
Hoffer manufactures turbine flowmeters/indicators Manufacture Lube Filters, Accumulators, Gas
Tel: 607-733-7121
HAMMELMANN CORPORATION for high accuracy flow measurement. Coalescing Filters, Sensors, Coolers, Accessories
Fax: 607-735-0836
436 Southpointe Dr. Flow Meters Filters
rdoud@hilliardcorp.com
Dayton, OH 45342 USA www.hilliardcorp.com
Contact: Jason Priest, Sales Proposals The HILCO Division cost-effectively brings HOLLAND-CONTROLS BV IBRAHIM & ASSOCIATES LLC
Tel: 937-859-8777 fluid contamination problems under control. Adam Smithstraat 6 22647 Ventura Boulevard 432
Toll Free: 800-783-4935 HILCO engineers a full-range of filters, Hengelo, Overeijssel 7559 SW Los Angeles, CA 91364 USA
Fax: 937-859-9188 cartridges, vessels, vent mist eliminators, Netherlands Contact: Zuhair Ibrahim, Principal
jason.priest@hammelmann.com transfer valves, reclaimers, coalescer Contact: Ed Stokkentreeff, Sales Tel: 323-744-1472
www.hammelmann.com separators, and varnish removal systems. Manager zuhair@ibrahim-eng.com
Hammelmann API 674 / 675 vertical design Process HILCO products help reduce the cost of new Tel: +31 74 3030 300 www.ibrahim-eng.com
Injection pumps. oil purchases, decrease disposal costs, Fax: +31 74 3030 333 Engineering Consultants, specializing in Gas
Pumps lessen component wear, reduce downtime, info@holland-controls.com Turbines and rotating machinery.
and curtail environment contamination. www.holland-controls.com Gas Turbines
HAUG SAUER KOMPRESSOREN AG Filters • Gas Turbines - Starters • Gas Turbine Control System Specialists: Retrofits,
Industriestr. 6 Lubrication Systems - Filters • Oil Consultancy, Field Service, Support IDEAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
St. Gallen CH-9015 Switzerland Purification Equipment • Starters • Turbine Control Systems (FORMERLY HYUNDAI IDEAL
Contact: Bernd Schmidt, Recovery Valves ELECTRIC CO.)
Business Development HOOSIER PATTERN, INC. 330 East 1st St.
bernd.schmidt@haug.ch 906 No. 10th St. Mansfield, OH 44902 USA
www.haug.ch Decatur, IN 46733 USA Contact: Nic Phillips, Founding Member
HINES INDUSTRIES
Natural Gas Recovery of leakage gas, Contact: Alyssa Corral Tel: 419-522-3611
240 Metty Dr.
ZERO EMISSION Tel: 260-724-9430 x 144 info@theidealelectric.com
Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
Emissions Reductions Fax: 260-724-9433 www.theidealelectric.com
Contact: Chelsea Gibbons
alyssa@hoosierpatters.com Manufacturers of custom electric motors, generators
Tel: 734-769-2300
www.hoosierpattern.com and controls since 1903.
Fax: 734-996-9192
Manufacturers for a wide variety of industrial & Generators & Alternators
cgibbons@hinesindustries.com
commercial pumps.
www.hinesindustries.com
3D Printing
World leader in balancing equipment, innovation
and manufacturing process improvement
Balancing Equipment
LAI INTERNATIONAL, INC. LIBURDI TURBINE SERVICES, LLC LUBRICATION ENGINEERS, INC.
708 W. 22nd St. 2599 Charlotte Hwy. 300 Bailey Ave.
Tempe, AZ 85282 USA Mooresville, NC 28117 USA Fort Worth, TX 76107 USA
Contact: Ron Pohl, Director of Sales Tel: 704-230-2510 Contact: Paul Llewellyn, General Sales
Tel: 480-968-6228 LEWA AMERICA, INC. Fax: 704-230-2556 Manager
Toll Free: 800-840-1126 132 Hopping Brook Rd. Tel: 817-916-3200
Fax: 480-968-6398 Holliston, MA 01746 USA Toll Free: 800-537-7683
rpohl@laico.com LINK TOOLS INTERNATIONAL Fax: 800-228-1142
Contact: Peter Timpanelli, Vice (USA), INC.
www.laico.com President Sales & Marketing p.llewellyn@le-inc.com
Leading contract manufacturer of precision- 2440 Lakeview Ave. www.LElubricants.com
Tel: 508-429-7403 Chicago, IL 60614 USA
engineered components, subassemblies for power sales@lewa-inc.com Manufacturer of high-performance industrial
generation Contact: Tim Bregenzer, Marketing lubricants, provider of asset reliability solutions
www.lewa-inc.com Director
Fabricators LEWA America, Inc. is the leading supplier for Lubricants
Tel: 641-472-3415
metering pumps and systems in North America. Toll Free: 888-433-4234
LA-MAN CORPORATION With subsidiaries in Holliston, MA and Houston, TX info@linktools.com LUCIDEON
P.O. Box 328 plus numerous representatives, we guarantee www.linktools.com 2210 Technology Dr. P.O. Box 724
Mazeppa MN 55956 USA excellent consulting, project management, Mechanics hand tools that automatically lock Schenectady, NY 12301 USA
Contact: Kurt Gilbertson, Sales Manager engineering and service. Explore our portfolio and together preventing dropped tools. Contact: Jenny Heck, Quote Specialist
Tel: 507-843-4800 feel free to contact us for your individual solution. Tools Tel: 518-382-0082
Kurt@laman.com Pumps Fax: 518-382-1182
www.laman.com info@lucideon.com
Provides compressed air filtration and lubrication for LINK4SUCCESS www.lucideon.com
LEWA AMERICA, INC. Room 501, 5/F Kowloon Centre
the pneumatics industry. 2446 Greens Road The M+P Labs is a full-service materials testing
Air Dryers 29-39 Ashley Rd. Tsim Sha Tsui laboratory.
Houston, TX 77032 USA Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel: 713-577-5392 Failure Analysis
Contact: Sandro Desideri, Founder &
LAMBDA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP sales@lewa-inc.com Partner
3929 Virginia Ave. Golf Coast Service Center Tel: +852 3669 7093 LUCIFER FURNACES, INC.
Cincinnati, OH, 45227 USA sandro@link4success.com 2048 Bunnell Rd.
Contact: Julie Prevey, Marketing LEYDEN TURBOMACHINERY www.link4success.com Warrington, PA 18976 USA
Manager CORPORATION Innovative Smart Energy Consulting and Investment Contact: Larry Jones, President
Tel: 513-561-0883 12343 Shadowpointe Dr. Firm in Asia Tel: 215-343-0411
Toll Free: 800-883-0851 Houston, TX 77082 USA Consulting Services info@luciferfurnaces.com
Fax: 513-722-7186 Contact: Leyden Lopez, Director www.luciferfurnaces.com
jprevey@lambdatechs.com Tel: 832-576-7296 Industrial heat treating furnaces and ovens for
www.lambdatechs.com LOCCIONI hardening, drawing, tempering
leydenlopez@leydentcs.com Via Fiume 16, Angeli di Rosora
Improving Component Life and Performance, www.leydentcs.com Manufacturers
Materials Testing, Life Extension Technologies Ancona 60030 Italy
Consulting on turbomachinery controls, trouble- Contact: Sonia Cucchi, External
Service for Turbines & Generators shooting, tuning, optimization and training LYTRON
Relations
Control Systems & Governors Tel: 0039 0731 8161 55 Dragon Ct.
LASCHET CONSULTING GMBH Fax: 0039 0731 814700 Woburn, MA 01801 USA
Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 75 s.cucchi@loccioni.com Contact: John Miller, Applications
Bergisch Gladbach 51429 Germany www.loccioni.com Engineer
Contact: Dr. Andreas Laschet, Managing Supply and integrate measurement instru- Tel: 781-933-7300
Director & Engineering Specialist ments for environmental parameters monitoring Fax: 781-935-4529
Tel: +49 2204 84-2630 Continuous Emission Monitoring info@lytron.com
Fax: +49 2204 84-2639 LIBURDI TURBINE SERVICES, INC. Systems www.lytron.com
info@laschet.com 400 Highway 6 North Lytron designs and manufactures cooling systems
www.laschet.com Dundas, ON L9H 7K4 Canada and components.
Engineering services for drivelines: torsional Contact: Robert Tollett, Dir. of Marketing LPP COMBUSTION, LLC Heat Exchangers
analysis; rotordynamic analysis; simulation; Tel: 905-689-0734 8940 Old Annapolis Rd. Ste. K
troubleshooting Fax: 905-689-0739 Columbia, MD 21045 USA
Contact: Leo Eskin, President M+M TURBINEN-TECHNIK GMBH
Vibration Analysis rtollett@liburdi.com Milser Strasse 37
www.liburdi.com Tel: 410-884-3089
Fax: 410-884-3267 Bielefeld 33729 Germany
LASERVORM GMBH Specializing in F Class, E Class, and Contact: Nina Mecklenburger
Aero-derivative Component Repairs/Upgrades. eskinl@lppcombustion.com
Suedstrasse 8 www.lppcombustion.com Tel: +49 521 9779960
Altmittweida 9648 Germany Life extending repairs of blades, vanes, and n.mecklenburger@turbinen-technik.de
combustor components. Special FSR LPP has developed technology producing clean
Contact: Tommy Lindner energy from liquid fuels. www.turbinen-technik.de
Tel: +49 3727 99740 Rejuvenation process to extend blade life with M+M Turbinen-Technik - Specialist for customized
HIP and vacuum heat treatments, internal and Energy Systems
Fax: +49 3727 997410 and precision-made steam turbines.
tommy.lindner@laservorm.com external coating stripping/recoating, Steam Turbines
www.laservorm.com automated welding, and high strength LPM LUBE-POWER, INC.
Laser cladding machines for MRO (turbine blades & powder metallurgy repair. International 50145 Utica Dr.
reputation with GT operator customers in over Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA MACEK POWER &
blisks). TURBOMACHINERY ENGINEERING
Repair & Overhaul 20 countries worldwide. Comprehensive GT Contact: Keith Chene, Sales Manager
Engineering capability for metallurgical Tel: 586-247-6500 P.O. Box 2480 405 Laurel Dr.
analysis and component mechanical design/ Fax: 586-247-6510 Friendswood, TX 77546 USA
upgrade. Engine performance analysis kchene@lubepower.com Contact: Michael Macek, General
software - with metallurgical module to www.lubepower.com Manager
manage and optimize On-Condition The leader in engineer to order oil lubrication Tel: 281-993-3737
Maintenance service intervals. Over 200,000 systems. m.macek@macekpower.com
sq ft repair shop facilities in Mooresville, Lubrication Systems www.macekpower.com
North Carolina, and Dundas, Canada. Engineering Services: Steam turbines, Power
Coating Services • Engineering generation, Turbomachinery Consulting, Field support
Services • Failure Analysis • Repair Engineering Services
& Overhaul - Gas Turbines • Repair
- Blades • Repair - Vanes • Software
& Engineering Programs • Stress
Analysis • Testing
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES MUC OIL & GAS ENGINEERING NIDEC INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS
COMPRESSOR CORPORATION CONSULTANCY via Fratelli Gracchi 39
4-6-22, Kan-on-shin-machi 902 Bel Rasheed Tower Buhairah Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 20092 Italy
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Tel: 81-82-291-2200 Sharjah 67647 United Arab Emirates specialist
Fax: 81-82-294-0345 Contact: Gohar Mahmood Khokhar, Tel: +39 02 64451
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Tel: +0097 1501268492 simona.crasnich@nidec-asi.com
MITSUBISHI POWER AERO LLC
MPS GAUSSBUSTERS - MAGNETIC gohar.mahmood@mucog.com www.nidec-industrial.com
628 Hebron Ave. Ste. 400
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES www.mucog.com We provide reliable and efficient power, motion and
Glastonbury, CT 06033 USA
2135 Highway 35 We are a dedicated team of reliable and control systems
Contact: Lucia Carlsen, Marketing
Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA experienced professionals. Electrical Systems
Manager
Contact: MPS Gaussbusters, Gas Turbines - Mechanical Drive
Tel: 860-368-5900
lucia.carlsen@aeropowermhi.com Engineering NORDIC AIR FILTRATION A/S
aero.power.mhi.com Tel: 732-264-6651 MUNTERS CORPORATION Bergenvej 1
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Gas Turbines - Aeroderivatives support@gaussbusters.com Contact: Justin Rose, National Accounts Tel: 4554951390
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Shaft Voltage Current Monitors & Grounding, Toll Free: 800-843-5360 www.nordic-air-filtration.com
MITSUBISHI POWER AMERICAS
Demagnetizing / Degaussing, Shaft Voltage Testing justin.rose@munters.com Global air filtration partner: cartridge & panel filters
400 Colonial Center Pkwy.
Demagnetizing Products & Services • Shaft www.munters.com (HEPA)
Lake Mary, FL 32746 USA
Grounding & Condition Monitoring Munters provides high performance cooling media Air Filters
Tel: 407-688-6100
for gas turbine applications.
amer.power.mhi.com
MSA, A.S. Turbine Cooling - Media Based NORDIC TURBINE COMPONENTS
Power generation and storage solutions and
services. Hlucinska 641 Box 154
Gas Turbines Dolni Benesov 747 22 Czech Republic NEL HYDROGEN Arboga, SE 732 23 Sweden
Contact: Jana Langrova 10 Technology Dr. Contact: Bo Martin Tell, Coordinator
Tel: +420 553 881 111 Wallingford, CT 06492 USA Tel: +46 76 78 11 500
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
Fax: +420 553 881 200 Contact: Kim Georgiades, Inside Sales Fax: +46 589 370 590
2 Tech Dr. Ste. 201
jana.langrova@msa.cz Tel: 203-949-8697 bo.martin.tell@recotech.com
Andover, MA 01810 USA
www.msa.cz kgeorgiades@nelhydrogen.com www.nordicturbine.com
Contact: Applications Engineering
MSA, a.s. is the producer of industrial valves. www.nelhydrogen.com Engine ready components from a Swedish network
Tel: 978-645-5500
Valves Manufacturer of water electrolysers/hydrogen of companies; www.nordicturbine.com
Toll Free: 800-227-8766
generators for windings/generator cooling. Parts - Gas Turbines
Fax: 978-557-5100
MTU AERO ENGINES NORTH Energy Systems
mks@mksinst.com
www.mksinst.com AMERICA NRG ENERGY SERVICES
Providing innovative solutions to analyze and 795 Brook St. Bldg. 5 NEUMAN & ESSER GULF FZE 1000 Main
monitor gas composition Rocky Hill, CT 06067 USA Post 61449, MB 07, Jebel Ali Free Zone, Houston, TX 77002 USA
Gas Analyzers Contact: Neeraj Rai, Business Dev. Dubai, UAE Dubai, UAE Contact: Hilary Magner, Sales &
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Tel: 860-258-9700 Contact: Sunil Sahani, Sales & Tel: 832-357-3022
MOBIDEO
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5100 Westheimer Rd. Ste.200
neeraj.rai@mtuusa.com Tel: 9.71506E+11 www.nrgenergy.com
Houston, TX 77056 USA
www.mtuusa.com sunil.sahani@neuman-esser.ae Energy Services is the maintenance arm of our
Contact: Paul Muir, President, North
Engineering services - Design, Analysis, Project www.neuman-esser.ae company.
America
Management, Aftermarket Engineering OEM for reciprocating compressors & parts in Dubai, Maintenance Programs
Tel: 713-588-4410
Engineering Services UAE.
info@mobideo.com
Compressors - Reciprocating OELTECHNIK
www.mobideo.com
Digitalizing the industrial workforce MTU MAINTENANCE Lessingstr. 32
Software & Engineering Programs BERLIN-BRANDENBURG NEWTEK SENSOR SOLUTIONS Waghaeusel, Baden-Württemberg
GMBH 7300 US Rt 130 N Building 7 68753 Germany
Dr. Ernst-Zimmermann Str. 2 Pennsauken, NJ 08110 USA Contact: Norbert Marker, General
MODINE GRENADA, LLC
Ludwigsfelde, Brandenburg Contact: Michael Marciante, Manager Manager
3984 Hwy. 51 South
D-14974 Germany Tel: 856-406-6877 Tel: +49 (0)7254 981 0
Grenada, MS 38901 USA
Contact: Anja Dietrich sales@newteksensors.com Fax: +49 (0)7254 981 105
Contact: Sylvain Gelinas, Sales
Tel: +49 3378 824 213 www.newteksensors.com service@oeltechnik.de
Engineer
Fax: +49 3378 824 389 USA Manufacturer of LVDT Position Sensors for www.oeltechnik.com
Tel: 514-653-2903
anja.dietrich@mtu.de Power-Gen & More Oeltechnik develops and produces apparatus for
sylvain.gelinas@modinecis.com
www.mtu.de Sensors process technology.
www.modine.com
Aero-derivative gas turbine maintenance Heat Exchangers
US manufacturer & leader of water and oil coolers
Heat Exchangers Operations & Maint. - Gas Turbine NICHE TOOLS & ABRASIVES
14227 Castlerock Dr. OERLIKON LEYBOLD VACUUM
Orlando, FL 32828 USA GMBH
MOFFITT CORPORATION
Contact: Mike Fernandez, Director Bonner Str. 498
1351 13th Ave. South Ste. 130
Tel: 407-466-2900 Köln 50968 Germany
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250 USA
mike@ntadirect.com Contact: Christina Steigler, Head of
Contact: Ian Lachut, Marketing Associate
www.ntadirect.com Corporate Communication & Public
Tel: 904-241-9944
Offering solutions for grinding TBC and clearing TBC Relations
Toll Free: 800-474-3267
cooling holes Tel: +49 221 347 1261
Fax: 904-246-8333
Grinding Fax: +49 221 347 31261
ilachut@moffitthvac.com
christina.steigler@oerlikon.com
www.moffitthvac.com
www.oerlikon.com
Industrial ventilation and HVAC, specializing in
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RICO INDUSTRIAL SERVICES LTD. ROCHEM TECHNICAL SERVICES ROTATING MACHINERY SERVICES,
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Boraston Ln., Tenbruy Wells, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close 16676 Northchase Dr. Ste. 400
Worcestershire WR15 8LE UK Winchester, GB SO23 0LB UK Houston, TX 77060 USA
Contact: Richard Derry, Manager Contact: Martin Howarth, Managing Tel: 484-821-0702
Tel: 01584 81176 Director Fax: 484-821-0710
Fax: +01584 811749
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Tel: 4.47771E+11 Houston North Office
sales@ricoservices.co.uk
SERVICES, INC.
Martin.Howarth@Rochem.co.uk
2760 Baglyos Cir.
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Tel: 484-821-0702 Perth, WA 6000 Australia
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ROCHEM TECHNICAL SERVICES RMS@rotatingmachinery.com Tel: +61 8 6364 5006
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Spring, TX 77373 USA Rotating equipment experts. Gas Turbines,
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ROCKWELL AUTOMATION • Consulting Services • Expanders • Gas Turbines
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georgem@rideincorporated.com
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Shop No. 5/12, Silver Cinema Bldg.
Power-Generation Products & Analysis
Khetwadi Back Rd.
International Sales
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bflavelle@roperpumps.com ROTOFLOW, AN AIR
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Pipes
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marketing@saifrance.com Fax: 707-645-5227 Fax: +86 28 85366222
www.saifrance.com SEC OF AMERICA, INC.
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SAI: an engineering company specialised in air and 807 East Main St. Ste. 2-240
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noise treatment Durham NC 28469 USA
Testing of lubricants, fuels, greases, failure analysis. Seal manufacturer for Petrochemical, chemical,
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Testing - Lubrication refinery, oil & gas, transportation.
Member
Seals - Mechanical
Tel: 910-352-3135
SAS GLOBAL CORPORATION
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www.sec-america.com INC. GMBH & CO. KG
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SECA, is a manufacturer of vibration sensors and 34 N. Maple St. Ste. 7 Otto-Hahn-Ring 6
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monitors. Florence, MA 01062 USA Munich 81739 Germany
Fax: 248-414-4480
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justinb@sasglobalcorp.com
Manager Siemens Energy
www.sasglobalcorp.com
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on rotating machinery. Gas Turbines
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Project Engineering 141-6025 Japan
TECHNOLOGY, INC. London W6 7NL UK
Contact: Koji Maruyama, General Contact: Lauren Gautier, PR Specialist
1 Aerospace Blvd. MicaPlex Ste. 202
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GMBH & CO. KG Contact: Reamonn Soto, CEO
maruyama_koji@snm.shi.co.jp www.cd-adapco.com/mdx
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www.snm.co.jp Digital Factory Division - Product Lifecycle
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Gas Turbines Management.
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measurement system for enhanced reliability. SHINKAWA ELECTRIC CO. LTD.
Fax: +49 91 32 82 49 50
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3-3 Kojimachi 4-chome
www.schaeffler.de 5708 E. Schaaf Rd.
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083 Japan
Development, manufacture, sales- rolling bearings, SENSONICS LTD. Independence, OH 44131 USA
Contact: Sensor Technology Sales
systems, engine elements, linear products. Northbridge Rd. Contact: Mark Meyer, Sales Manager
Division
Bearings Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire HP4 1EF UK Tel: 216-524-0099
Tel: 81-3-3263-4417
Contact: Jason Kingdom, Sales Toll Free: 800-765-4131
st-mkt@shinkawa.co.jp
Manager Fax: 216-524-6331
www.shinkawaelectric.com/en
Tel: +44 (0)1442 876833 mmeyer@sifcoasc.com
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Owasso, OK 74055 USA Monitoring Systems / Overspeed Protection SHL CONSULTING
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Vernon, CT 06066 USA SIMULIA
Tel: 918-609-3600 166 Valley St.
Fax: 918-609-3610 Contact: Donald Schubert, Principal
Tel: 860-836-4403 Providence, RI 02909 USA
j.cozbey@schock-mfg.com Contact: Claudia Da Costa, Marketing
www.schock-mfg.com sholdingsltd@msn.com
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TECH SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL TERN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. THE L.S. STARRETT CO. TORQUEMETERS LTD.
GROUP, LLC 200 W. 34th Ave, Ste. 1017 121 Crescent St. West Haddon Rd.
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Chicago, IL 60680-8501 USA Contact: Philip Cole, Service Contact: Jim Ballou, Marketing Manager NN6 8ET UK
Contact: Turbine Market Group Representative Tel: 978-249-3551 Contact: Craig Holmes, Business
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Puthencruz, Ernakulam sales@texasbearingservices.com Industrial and Motorsports temperature and position Contact: Mark Simonelli, Project Engineer
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Zoetermeer 2700AB Netherlands International Manager mallphin@thermalstructures.com Torrington, CT 06790 USA
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rob.vantilburg@technipfmc.com TGM provides solutions in steam turbines, gear Manufacturers gary@trirotor.com
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Engineering Company Onshore offshore ethylene Steam Turbines THERMOMEGATECH Manufacturer of positive displacement (PD) rotary
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Gas Turbines THE BALANCING COMPANY Warminster, AL 18974 USA Pumps
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General EPC Contractor since 1967 Largest Manufacturer of Industrial Steam Turbine up
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TMEC - THERMAL & MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT CO. Steam Turbines - Electrical, Industrial
TEK-TROL LLC THE EXONE COMPANY 1423 E. Richey Rd.
796 Tek Dr. 127 Industry Blvd. Houston, TX 77073 USA TST-TURBO SERVICE & TRADING
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Flow Meters decorative customers. Heat Exchangers Turbo Service & Trading (TST) are complete- service
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TEMP-PRO, INC. TOPPER FLOATING SOLAR PV Service for Turbines & Generators
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Contact: Neal Messier, Sales Manager Seattle, WA 98108 USA No. 879, Xiahe Rd., Siming
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Fax: 413-586-3625 Marketing Contact: Zhang Zhe, Manager
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Machinery for Cogeneration MANUFACTURING - P.66 Education
3D Printing Training
COMPRESSORS & EXPANDERS - P.64 Castings
Compressors Fabricators
Compressors - Axial Forgings
Compressors - Centrifugal Grinding
Compressors - Packagers Impellers
Compressors - Reciprocating Machine Tools
Compressors - Screw Machining
Expanders Manufacturers
Milling
Welding
60 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
AFTERMARKET
62 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
AFTERMARKET
64 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
AFTERMARKET
Condition Monitoring Data Loggers & Recorders Remote Monitoring & Diagnostics Turbine Control Systems
CAMFIL POWER SYSTEMS PCE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH CAMFIL POWER SYSTEMS COMPRESSOR CONTROLS CORPORATION
Boras Sweden Meschede Germany Boras Sweden Des Moines IA
DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC GTANALYSIS, INC. DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC
Houston TX Detection Systems Bradenton FL Houston TX
EMERSON ENVIRONMENT ONE CORPORATION HOLLAND-CONTROLS BV
Knoxville TN Niskayuna NY Sensors Hengelo Overeijssel Netherlands
POSEIDON SYSTEMS SPECTRONICS CORPORATION CONTEC GMBH MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
Victor NY WestburyNY INDUSTRIEAUSRÜSTUNGEN COMPRESSOR INTERNATIONAL (MCO-I)
Bad Honnef Germany Houston TX
PRUFTECHNIK DIETER BUSCH AG
Flow Meters NEWTEK SENSOR SOLUTIONS
Ismaning Germany ROTATING MACHINERY SERVICES, INC.
ATO AUTOMATION, INC. Pennsauken NJ Bethlehem PA
SHINKAWA ELECTRIC CO. LTD.
Diamond Bar CA PALMER WAHL INSTRUMENTS, INC.
Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan WOODWARD INC.
COOK COMPRESSION Asheville NC Fort Collins CO
VEROS SYSTEMS, INC.
Houston TX
Austin TX
COOK COMPRESSION LTD. Sensors - Pressure Vibration Monitoring Equipment
Control Systems - Optimization Ellesmere Port UK KISTLER INSTRUMENT CORP. ALTA SOLUTIONS, INC.
HOFFER FLOW CONTROLS Amherst NY Poway CA
COMPRESSOR CONTROLS CORPORATION
Des Moines IA Elizabeth City NC PRESSURE CONTROLS, INC. BALMAC, INC.
PCE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH West Greenwich RI Plain City OH
ENERGY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES (ECT)
Urbandale IA Meschede Germany DEWAL INDUSTRIES
Sensors - Temperature
MAUELL GMBH TEK-TROL LLC Narragansett RI
Crystal Lake IL AMETEK POWER INSTRUMENTS
Velbert NRW Germany DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC
Rochester NY
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES UNIVERSAL FLOW MONITORS, INC. Houston TX
Hazel Park MI CLEVELAND ELECTRIC LABORATORIES
COMPRESSOR INTERNATIONAL (MCO-I) EMERSON
Twinsburg OH
Houston TX WYATT ENGINEERING, LLC Knoxville TN
Lincoln RI PYROMATION, INC.
PHILADELPHIA GEAR, POWER SYSTEMS IFTA GMBH
Fort Wayne IN
BY TIMKEN Puchheim Germany
King of Prussia PA Gas Analyzers SENSOR COATING SYSTEMS LTD (SCS)
INSTRUMART
CONTROL INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION London UK
XIAMEN MAKE LOCKS MANUFACTURER South Burlington VT
CO., LTD. Fairfield NJ THE SENSOR CONNECTION
MEGGITT SENSING SYSTEMS
Xiamen China ENERAC Troy MI
Fribourg Switzerland
Holbrook NY
Control Systems - Retrofit Shaft Grounding & Condition PCE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC. Monitoring Meschede Germany
COMPRESSOR CONTROLS CORPORATION Andover MA
Des Moines IA INPRO/SEAL RIVERHAWK COMPANY
Rock Island IL New Hartford NY
DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC Gauges & Indicators
Houston TX MPS GAUSSBUSTERS - MAGNETIC SEC OF AMERICA, INC.
CLARK-RELIANCE Durham NC
Strongsville OH PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
HPI, LLC
Holmdel NJ SENSONICS LTD.
Houston TX
Instrumentation - Telemetry SHAFT CURRENT SOLUTIONS, INC., DBA Berkhamsted Hertfordshire UK
PHILADELPHIA GEAR, POWER SYSTEMS
SOHRE TURBOMACHINERY® INC. TERN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
BY TIMKEN ACCUMETRICS
Florence MA Anchorage AK
King of Prussia PA Schenectady NY
ROCKWELL AUTOMATION VOYAGER INSTRUMENTS
Testing Equipment Fort Collins AL
Milwaukee WI Instrumentation & Controls
CAPTURE 3D, INC.
WOODWARD INC. AUTOMATION PRODUCTS, INC. -
Costa Mesa CA
Fort Collins CO DYNATROL® DIVISION
Houston TX DURLMARK INDUSTRIAL, INC. MANUFACTURING
Jinagsu China
Control Systems & Governors DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC 3D Printing
Houston TX PCE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
DRAKE CONTROLS, LLC C-MAC 3D PRINTING SERVICE SYDNEY
Meschede Germany
Houston TX GE OIL & GAS - MEASUREMENT & Girraween New South Wales Australia
CONTROL THE L.S. STARRETT CO.
GOVERNOR CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC. HOOSIER PATTERN, INC.
Billerica MA Athol MA
Fort Lauderdale FL Decatur IN
KYTOLA INSTRUMENTS UE SYSTEMS, INC.
LEYDEN TURBOMACHINERY SINTAVIA, LLC
Alpharetta GA Elmsford NY
CORPORATION Fort Lauderdale FL
Houston TX PRESSURE CONTROLS, INC.
West Greenwich RI Torquemeters THE EXONE COMPANY
SISO ENGINEERING North Huntington PA
Houston TX SPECTRO SCIENTIFIC RIVERHAWK COMPANY
Chelmsford MA New Hartford NY
SSE - SIRIO SISTEMI ELETTRONICI S.P.A. Castings
Prato Italy TEMP-PRO, INC. TORQUEMETERS LTD.
Ravensthorpe Northamptonshire UK MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
TURBOMACHINERY CONTROLS Northampton MA
COMPRESSOR INTERNATIONAL (MCO-I)
Haywards Heath WESCHLER INSTRUMENTS Houston TX
West Sussex UK Cleveland OH
VEINFURT S.R.O.
Plzen Czech Republic Monitors
WOODWARD INC. ALBER
Fort Collins CO Pompano Beach FL
66 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
AFTERMARKET
68 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
AFTERMARKET
TRADEMARKS
AeroBlock Standardized integrally- Gas Connectivity Suite of digital PolyBlock standardized direct-driven TurboPulse New pulse filtration with
geared main air compressor for connectivity solutions for centrifugal compressor for PP/PE superior performance, longevity and
industrial gas applications • Atlas turbomachinery service • Atlas Copco applications • Atlas Copco Gas and reliability. • Camfil Power Systems,
Copco Gas and Process Division, Gas and Process Division, Cologne, Process Division, Cologne, Germany Boras, Sweden
Cologne, Germany Germany
PowerEye PowerEye: real-time
BoostToReduce Upgrading MSG® Centac ® Multi-Stage Geared monitoring of key inlet system and GT
GT-filtration is the easiest way to (MSG) Centrifugal Air Compressors • metrics • Camfil Power Systems,
reduce carbon emissions. • Camfil Ingersoll Rand Inc., Davidson, NC Boras, Sweden
Power Systems, Boras, Sweden
MSG® TURBO-AIR® Multi-Stage TurboBlock Standardized, integrally-
CamGT 3V-600 Game changing high Geared (MSG) Centrifugal Air & Gas geared centrifugal compressor for the
efficiency filter for non-stop Compressors • Ingersoll Rand Inc., power generation market • Atlas
performance • Camfil Power Systems, Davidson, NC Copco Gas and Process Division,
Boras, Sweden Cologne, Germany
PNEUTRIP Highest performing
FSR Full Solution Rejuvenation pneumatic trip valve solution 1oo2 and TurboLink Digital connectivity
Proprietary Heat Treatments to restore 2oo3 • Drake Controls, LLC, Houston, solution for Operating Data Analysis •
turbine blades/buckets to as-new TX Atlas Copco Gas and Process Division
strength • Liburdi Turbine Services, Cologne, Germany
Inc., Dundas, Canada
70 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Combined Cycle Plant Specifications
SIEMENS ENERGY
Heat Rate
Model and configuration Total Power (mw) [kJ/kWh] [BTU/kWh] Number of GT Pressure / Reheat
SGT5-9000HL CC 1x1 (50Hz) 870 <5,714 <5,416 1 Triple/Yes
SGT5-9000HL CC 2x1 (50Hz) 1,740 <5,714 <5,416 2 Triple/Yes
SGT6-9000HL CC 1x1/1S (60Hz) 647 <5,714 <5,416 1 Triple/Yes
SGT6-9000HL CC 2x1 ( 60Hz) 1,294 <5,714 <5,416 2 Triple/Yes
SCC5-8000H 1S / 1x1 (50Hz) 665 5,850 5,545 1 Triple/Yes
SCC5-8000H 2x1 (50Hz) 1,335 5,850 5,545 2 Triple/Yes
SCC6-8000H 1S / 1x1 (60Hz) 465 5,895 5,587 1 Triple/Yes
SCC6-8000H 2x1 (60Hz) 935 5,875 5,568 2 Triple/Yes
SCC6-5000F (215 MW) 1x1 (60Hz) 325 6,030 5,715 1 Triple/Yes
SCC6-5000F (260 MW) 1x1 (60Hz) 387 6,040 5,706 1 Triple/Yes
SCC6-5000F (215 MW) 2x1 (60Hz) 650 6,010 5,696 2 Triple/Yes
SCC6-5000F (260 MW) 2x1 (60Hz) 780 6,000 5,687 2 Triple/Yes
SCC5-4000F (329 MW) 1S (50Hz) 485 5,883 5,503 1 Triple/Yes
SCC5-4000F (329 MW) 2x1 (50Hz) 970 5,883 5,503 2 Triple/Yes
SCC5-4000F (385 MW) 1S (50Hz) 565 5,807 5,503 1 Triple/Yes
SCC5-4000F (385 MW) 2x1 (50Hz) 1,130 5,807 5,503 2 Triple/Yes
SCC5-2000E 1x1 (50Hz) 275 6,690 6,341 1 Dual/ No
SCC5-2000E 2x1 (50Hz) 551 6,690 6,341 2 Dual/ No
SCC6-2000E 1x1 (60Hz) 174 6,893 6,533 1 Dual/ No
SCC6-2000E 2x1 (60Hz) 347 6,901 6,541 2 Dual/ No
SCC-800 (45 MW) 1x1 72 6,305 5,976 1 Triple/No
SCC-800 (45 MW) 2x1 144 6,239 5,914 2 Triple/No
SCC-800 (45 MW) 3x1 216 6,239 5,914 3 Triple/No
SCC-800 (50 MW) 1x1 79 6,283 5,955 1 Triple/No
SCC-800 (50 MW) 2x1 160 6,207 5,883 2 Triple/No
SCC-800 (50 MW) 3x1 240 6,207 5,883 3 Triple/No
SCC-800 (56 MW) 1x1 81 6,218 5,893 1 Triple/No
SCC-800 (56 MW) 2x1 163 6,154 5,833 2 Triple/No
SCC-800 (56 MW) 3x1 243 6,154 5,833 3 Triple/No
SCC-800 (57 MW) 1x1 88 6,154 5,833 1 Triple/No
SCC-800 (57 MW) 2x1 163 6,091 5,774 2 Triple/No
SCC-800 (57 MW) 3x1 245 6,091 5,774 3 Triple/No
SCC-800 (62 MW) 1x1 88 6,100 5,782 1 Triple/No
SCC-800 (62 MW) 2x1 180 6,000 5,687 2 Triple/No
SCC-800 (62 MW) 3x1 270 6,000 5,687 3 Triple/No
SGT-A65 DLE 66 8,300 7,124 1 Dual/ No
SGT-A35 (GT62) DLE 40 7,005 6,639 1 Dual/ No
SGT-A35 (GT61 34MW) DLE 43 6,820 6,464 1 Dual/ No
SCC-750 1X1 52 6,760 6,407 1 Dual/ No
SCC-750 2X1 104 6,718 6,367 2 Dual/ No
SCC-700 1x1 45 6,876 6,517 1 Dual/ No
SCC-700 2x1 91 6,778 6,424 2 Dual/ No
SCC-700 1x1 49 6,684 6,335 1 Dual/ No
SCC-700 2x1 99 6,644 6,297 2 Dual/ No
SCC-600 1x1 36 7,220 6,843 1 Dual/ No
SCC-600 2x1 74 7,071 6,702 2 Dual/ No
Conditions= 59 oF, 14.7 psia, 60% RH (15oC, 1.013 bar).Plant performance includes aux power. Ratings on LHV natural gas.
72 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Electrical Generation Specifications
BAKER HUGHES
BAKER HUGHES
74 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Electrical Generation Specifications
SIEMENS ENERGY
Heat rate Turbine Exhaust mass flow Exhaust temp
Power Frequency Efficiency Pressure
Turbine Model speed
(MW e) (Hz) (%) (Btu/kWh) (kJ/kWh) ratio (lb/s) (kg/s) (F) (C)
(rpm)
SGT5-9000HL 593 50 >43 <7,938 <8,375 3,000 24 2,315 1,050 1,238 670
SGT6-9000HL 440 60 >43.2 <7,898 <8,333 3,600 24.0 1,598 725 1,238 670
SGT5-8000H 450 50 41.2 8,284 8,740 3,000 21 2,061 935 1,166 630
SGT6-8000H 310 60 40.4 8,455 8,920 3,600 21.0 1,433 650 1,193 645
SGT6-4000F 385 60 41.5 8,455 8,675 3,600 17 1,054 800 1,134 619
SGT6-5000F 260 60 39.5 8,638 8,780 3,600 19.5 1,292 586 1,098 592
SGT5-2000E 198 50 37.6 9,348 9,863 3,000 12.8 1,230 558 997 536
SGT6-2000E 119 60 35.4 9,638 10,169 3,600 12.0 811 368 990 532
SGT-800 (DLE) 62.5 50/60 41 8,302 8,759 6,600 21.1 298.7 135.5 1,104 596
SGT-750 (DLE) 39.8 50/60 40.3 8,456 8,922 6,100 24.3 254.4 115.4 874 468
SGT-700 (DLE) 35.2 50/60 37.2 9,170 9,675 6,500 18.7 209.4 95 991 533
SGT-600e (DLE) 25.9 50/60 40.4 8,439 8,904 7,625 25 167.1 75.8 862 461
SGT-600 (DLE) 24.5 50/60 33.6 10,161 10,720 7,700 14 179.2 81.3 1,009 543
SGT-400 (DLE) 14.3 50/60 35.6 9,572 10,103 9,500 18.5 98.1 44.5 984 529
SGT-300 (DLE) 7.9 50/60 30.8 11,094 11,704 14,045 14 66.6 30.2 993 534
SGT-100 (DLE) 5.4 50/60 30.1 11,322 11,945 17,384 14 43 19.5 1,011 544
SGT-A65 66 50/60 41.5 8,147 8,670 3,000 38 397 180 799 426
SGT-A35 (GT61 ) 37.2 50/60 40.4 8,445 8,910 4,850 25 232.4 105.4 903 484
SGT-A35 (GT62) DLE 31.3 50/60 38.3 8,910 9,400 4,800 22 215.6 97.7 905 485
SGT-A05 KB7HE 5.8 50/60 33.2 10,281 10,888 14,600 14.4 47.2 21.4 965 518
Site Conditions= 59 oF, 14.7 psia, 60% RH (15 oC, 1.013 bar).Ratings at generator terminals. Specifications for Natural Gas Fuel
76 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Mechanical Drive Specifications
BAKER HUGHES
SIEMENS ENERGY
Turbine Power ISO Efficiency Heat rate Turbine speed Pressure Exhaust Mass Flow Exhaust Temp
Model (Dry Low emissions) hp mw (%) (btu/hp-hr) (kJ/kWh) (rpm) Ratio (lb/s) (kg/s) °F °C
SGT-750 (DLE ) 54,994 41 41 6,121 8,661 6,100 24.3 254.4 115.4 875 468
SGT-700 (DLE ) 45,151 36 39.0 6,661 9,230 6,500 20.4 217.6 98.7 988 531
SGT-600e (DLE ) 30,700 27 41.7 6,096 8,623 8,000 25 167.1 75.8 862 461
SGT-600(DLE ) 33,847 25 34.6 7,344 10,390 7,700 14.0 179.2 81.3 1009 543
SGT-400 (DLE ) 1,335 15 37.1 6,857 9,702 9,500 18.5 98.1 44.5 984 529
SGT-300 (DLE ) 12,317 9 36.0 7,070 10,003 11,500 14.1 67 30.4 939 504
SGT-100 (DLE ) 7,636 6 33.3 7,606 10,803 13,000 14.4 42.7 19.4 1013 545
SGT-A65 (DLE) 83,143 62 44 8,147 9,943 3,000 38 330 150 799 426
SGT-A35 (GT61 ) 51,629 39 42 6,079 8,601 4,850 25 232.4 105.4 903 484
Site Conditions= 59 ºF, 14.7 psia, 60% RH (15 oC, 1.013 bar). Values based on Natural Gas Fuel
Power Rating ISO Boosted Power Heat Rate Power Shaft Speed Pressure Number of ISO Base Load Exhaust Exhaust
Model
Base Load (hp) (hp) LHV (btu/kWh) (rpm) Ratio Combustors Flow (lbs/sec) Temp (°F)
ASE40 4.3 4.7 12,105 16,000 8.8 1 28.2 1,081
AE50B 4.9 5.4 11,305 16,000 10.1 1 30.3 1,077
TF40F 4.1 4.5 12,229 16,000 8.5 1 27.7 1,072
TF50F 5.3 5.8 11,253 16,000 10.5 1 31.1 1,122
78 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Steam Turbine Specifications
Model Power Rating (mw) Thermal Cycle Type Application Configuration Grid Freq. (Hz) Inlet Temp. (°C) Inlet Pressure (bar)
GT series 15–150 — Geothermal 1 to 2 cylinder 50/60 Up to 240 Up to 20
MT10 40–250 Non-Reheat Combined Cycle, Fossil, Solar 1-cylinder 50/60 Up to 565 Up to 140
Combined Cycle, Fossil,
MT20 100–350 Non-Reheat 2 to 3 cylinder 50/60 Up to 565 Up to 140
Cogeneration
MT15 100–300 Reheat Combined Cycle, Fossil, Solar 2-cylinder 50/60 Up to 600/585 Up to 170
Combined Cycle, Fossil,
RT30 150–1000 Reheat 3 to 5 cylinder 50/60 Up to 600/620 Up to 280
Cogeneration
1 shp base. Note: Estimates are for natural gas fuel
Power Rating Speed Range Rated Inlet Pressure Rated Inlet Controlled
Model (mw) (rpm) (bar A) Temperature (°C) Inlet Control Type Extractions (#) Exhaust
MP 2–30 3,000–13,000 140 525 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
MC 2–45 3,000–13,000 140 525 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial/Axial
BFPT 5–45 4,000–15,000 170–280 565–575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure — Radial
P 1–6 5,000–13,000 90 480 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial, Max 20 BARA
C 1–6 5,000–13,000 90 480 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
MP = Multivalves—Backpressure Type, MC = Multivalves—Condensing Type, BFPT = Boiler Feed Pump Turbine,
P = Single valve—Backpressure Type, C = Single valve—Condensing Type
Power Rating Speed Range Rated Inlet Pressure Rated Inlet Controlled
Model (mw) (rpm) (bar A) Temperature (°C) Inlet Control Type Extractions (#) Exhaust
SC/SAC 2 - 150 3,000–15,000 140 565 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–2 Radial/Axial
SNC/SANC 2–100 3,000–15,000 140 565 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–2 Radial, Max 60 BARA
Power range Speed range Rated inlet pressure Rated inlet Controlled
Model (mw) (rpm) (bar A) temperature (°C) Inlet control type extractions (#) Exhaust
DPRA 0.2-5 5,000-15,000 100 510 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
DRPG 0.2-5 5,000-15,000 100 510 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
De Pretto Industrie is an Italian turbomachinery manufacturer. The company was established in 1885 and for more than 80 years has been part of leading global organizations.
De Pretto Industrie is today an Independent company acting as an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) for new steam turbine generator sets up to 50mw but also as an Independent
Service Provider (ISP) of any rotating equipment manufactured by any OEMs in the market, thanks to its reverse engineering capabilities and its broad team of qualified engineers covering
all key domains (thermodynamic/construction/instrumentation&control/electrical/auxiliaries).
De Pretto Industrie has extensive competences and references in repair, conversions, modifications and upgrades (CMUs) of turbomachinery and is able to develop customized solutions
for each product and make. One stop solution provider for any rotating equipment, repair in emergency situations, OEM-equivalent warranties as well as cost and lead time advantages are
the main benefits we can provide our customers with. Innovative thinking is applied to manufacturing and upgrading of turbomachinery control systems according to the highest market
standards, latest normatives and best practices.
De Pretto Industrie always applies a customized and tailor-made approach on all its projects minimizing at the same time capital and operating expenditures for the end-users.
Power Range Speed Range Rated Inlet Pressure Rated Inlet Controlled
Model (mw) (rpm) (bar A) Temperature (°C) Inlet Control Type Extractions (#) Exhaust
DK 3-50 4,500-13,000 120 530 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–2 Radial/Axial
DG 1, 5-50 4,500-15,000 120 530 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–2 Radial
80 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Steam Turbine Specifications
Power Rating Speed Range Rated Inlet Pressure Rated Inlet Controlled
Model (mw) (rpm) (bar A) Temperature (°C) Inlet Control Type Extractions (#) Exhaust
3 Up to 5 Up to 20,000 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure — Radial
4 Up to 25 Up to 15,500 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
5 Up to 50 Up to 14,000 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0–1 Radial
7 Up to 60 Up to 8,500 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0-2 Radial, Axial
8 Up to 80 Up to 6,500 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0-2 Radial, Axial
9 Up to 120 Up to 4,500 145 575 Sliding/Fixed Pressure 0-2 Radial, Axial
SIEMENS ENERGY
Controlled Uncontrolled
Model Power Output Speed (Rpm) Inlet Pressure Inlet Temperature Back Pressure Condensing Extraction Extraction
ST-800 up to 200 mw 3,000 - 7,100 up to 165 bar up to 565 °C up to 80 bar up to 1.1 bar up to 2 up to 6
SST-800/500 up to 250 mw 3,000 - 7,100 up to 120 bar up to 585 °C up to 80 bar up to 1.1 bar up to 2 up to 6
up to 250 mw
SST-700/900 3,000 - 3,600 up to 180 bar up to 585 °C 0.3 bar up to 7
(CCPP: 230 mw)
up to 6
SST-600 up to 200 mw 3,000 - 18,000 up to 165 bar up to 565 °C up to 80 bar up to 1.0 bar up to 2
(up to 85 bar)
up to 2 (various
SST-500 up to 100 mw up to 15,000 up to 30 bar up to 400 °C up to 0.5 bar
pressure levels)
SST-400 up to 60 mw up to 8,000 up to 140 bar up to 540 °C up to 25 bar up to 0.3 bar up to 4 up to 60 bar
up to 6
SST-300 up to 45 mw up to 12,000 140 bar 540 °C up to 16 bar up to 0.3 bar up to 2*
(up to 60 bar)
SST-200 up to 20 mw up to 12,000 up to 120 bar 540 °C up to 16 bar up to 0.25 bar 60 bar
Centrifugal Compressors
Max. Inlet Volume Discharge Power Number of Maximum Type of Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model (m3/hr) Pressure P2 (bar) Requirement (hp) Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
GT Up to 500,000 up to 205 46,500 1 to 8 52,000 V all all gases C,I
Inlet Volume Discharge Power Number of Maximum Type of Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model (m3/hr) Pressure P2 (bar) Requirement (hp) Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
BCL, 2BCL 125,000 900 — 2–10 20,000 V D,L,O 2 C
MCL, 2MCL 600,000 60 — 2–10 20,000 H D,L,O 3 C
DMCL 700,000 25 — 2–8 10,000 H D,L,O 3 C
3MCL 400,000 60 — 2–10 15,000 H D,L,O 3 C
SRL 450,000 200 — 1–8 40,000 V D,L,O 2 C
DBCL 250,000 100 — 2–8 18,000 V D,L,O 3 C
PCL 100,000 130 — 1–4 18,000 V D,L,O natural gas C
AN 600,000 25 — up to 20 10,000 H D,L,O 3 A+C
AX 600,000 15 — up to 20 10,000 H D,L,O 3 A
BlueC 400 180,000 205 16,763 3–5 10,670 V — natural gas C
RA 4,500 220 10,700 1–7 20,000 V D,L,O process gas C
Reciprocating Compressors
Model Number of Throws Max Power (@Max Speed) (kW) Rod Load (lbs) Maximum (rpm) Application Type of Design
OA 1 435 26,325 800 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HA 2 TO 4 2,120 32,557 1,000 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HB 2 TO 6 5,520 53,055 800 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HD 2 TO 8 10,400 72,562 700 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HE 2 TO 10 28,700 136,466 800 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HF 2 TO 10 34,600 256,500 514 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
HG 2 TO 10 66,820 445,500 400 Process (1) / Natural Gas Horizontal
SHM 2 TO 6 7,980 80,565 1,200 Natural Gas Horizontal
SHM-B 2 TO 4 5,320 80,565 1,200 Natural Gas Horizontal
PH 4 TO 24* 36,000 326,250 310 LDPE Horizontal
PK 4 TO 24* 72,000 652,500 310 LDPE Horizontal
* # of cylinders 1 Refinery & Petrochemical
82 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Turbocompressor Specifications
FS-ELLIOTT www.fs-elliott.com
INGERSOLL RAND
Inlet Volume Discharge Power Number Maximum Type of Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model (m3/hr) Pressure P2 (bar) Requirement (hp) of Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
INTEGRALLY GEARED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
MSG PRODUCT LINE: Applications engineered with many configurations to efficiently provide oil-free air and gas
Inlet Volume Discharge Power Number of Maximum Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model (m3/hr) Pressure P2 (bar) Requirement (hp) Stages rpm Casing Split Type of Seals Can Handle Design
Centrifugal Compressors: Horizontally Split
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Turbocompressor Specifications
VGS/VGSP/VGS7 800–450,000 3,620 67,000 1 to 8 40,000 V D, C, L, other than air & N2 617 Part 3
VG/ VGP/VG7 800–450,000 1,500 67,000 1 to 8 60,000 V D, C, L air, N2 617 Part 3, 672
DH series 800–150,000 1,300 33,500 Single 18,000 V D, C, L all 617 Part 2
api Reciprocating Compressors
100% oil-free design 400–145,000 650 — 1 to 3 15,000 V,H O,D,C all 619
api Oil-Injected Screw Compressor
API 617 = Centrifugal API 618 = Reciprocating API 619 = Rotary Screw
Seals: D = Dry gas, L = Labyrinth, O = Oil/Mech, C = Carbon Ring
Inlet Volume Discharge Pressure Power Requirement Number of Type of Casing Type of
Model (m3/hr) P2 (bar) (hp) Stages Max rpm Split Type of Seals Design
Integrally Geared Compressor Specifications
SIEMENS ENERGY
Inlet Volume Discharge Pressure Power Required Stages Speed Casing Gas Capability Design
Model m3/hr cfm bar G psig (hp) # (max) (rpm) Split Type Seals Type Discharge Pressure Type
Radial
STC-SH 100-500,000 59-294,000 50 725 as required 10 20,000 H D,L,C All C
STC-SV 100-500,000 59-280,000 450 6,350 as required 10 20,000 V D,L,C,O All C
STC-SVm 200-315,000 118-185,000 350 5,000 as required 10 20,000 V D,L,C All C
DATUM 150-440,000 90-260,000 1,000 14,500 as required 12 26,500 V D,L,C,O All C
Pipeline
RFA24/36 43,000-103,000 25,000-61,000 125 1,800 20,000-50,000 1 14,500 V D Nat Gas C
RFBB20/24/30/36/42 22,000-107,000 13,000-63,000 155 2,250 25,000-75,000 5 14,500 V D Nat Gas C
Intergrally Geared
STC-GV 1,500-1,000,000 880-590,000 200 2,900 as required 8 45,000 V L,G,C, O All I-C
STC-GC 10,000-400,000 6,000-240,000 20 290 as required 4 45,000 H L AIR & N2 I-C
STC-GVT 1,500-480,000 875-280,000 60 870 as required 6 45,000 V L,D,C All I-C
D= Dry Gas, C=Centrifugal, L= Laby, A= Axial, O=Oil, I=Intergrally Geared, R=Radial flow, C=Carbon Ring, S=Screw, G=Gas
86 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Turbocompressor Specifications
Discharge Pressure P2
Inlet Volume Number of Maximum Type of Casing Type of Type of Gas Compressor Can Type of
Model (m3/hr) (bar) (Kpag) Stages rpm Split Seals Handle Design
C16 3,600 310 31,025 10 23,800 V D natural gas C
C31 8,520 344 34,475 9 16,000 V D natural gas C
C33 16,200 186 18,620 10 19,000 V D natural gas C
C40M 15,300 172 17,235 6 14,300 V D natural gas C
C40P 18,000 186 11,030 2 15,500 V D natural gas C
C41 (1) 30,600 259 25,855 10 14,300 V D natural gas C
C45 31,500 124 15,513 3 12,000 V D natural gas C
C50 33,900 103 10,350 5 14,000 V D natural gas C
C51 (1) 42,600 207 20,685 10 12,000 V D natural gas C
C61 59,400 207 20,685 10 10,200 H D natural gas C
C65 40,800 110 11,030 2 10,500 H D natural gas C
C75 51,000 155 15,510 3 8,860 V D natural gas C
C85 76,500 110 11,030 2 7,000 V D natural gas C
1 Pressure Ratios are higher for the C41/C51/C61. Dual Compartment compressors depending on cooling capability
Discharge Power Number Maximum Type of Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model Inlet Volume (m3/hr) Pressure (barg) Requirement (kW) of Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
Centrifugal Compressors
Inlet Pressure Inlet Number of Type of Type of Type of Gas Compressor Type of
Model (bar A) Temperature (°C) Stages rpm Power (kW) Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
EC/ECM/ETB up to 200 –253 to +200 1 up to 100,000 up to 22,500 V L/C/D (1) R, (2)
EG/EGI/ETG up to 200 –253 to +550 1 to 4 up to 50,000 up to 30,000 V L/C/O/D (1) R, (3), (4)
EHB, ETF up to 200 –253 to +120 1 up to 105,000 below 250 V L/F (1) R, (5)
1 All industrial gases and hydrocarbon gas mixtures, including condensing streams. Hydrogen and hydrogen rich gas, super critical CO2, ammonia, etc.
2 EC and ETB have compressor load with oil bearings. ECM has Compressor load with active magnetic bearings
3 EG has electric generator load with external gearbox. EGI has electric generator load with integral gearbox
4 ETG has electric generator load with gearbox
5 EHB and ETF have oil brake load.
6 Seal types: L=Labyrinth, C=Carbon Ring, D=Dry gas, O=Oil
7 Type of casing Split: H=Horizontal, V=Vertical
8 R = Radial inflow
Inlet Pressure Inlet Temp. Inlet Flow Number of Type of Type of Type of Gas Expander Type of Type of
Model Frame (bar A) (°C) (m3/h) Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design Bearing
EC/EG 10 2 to 230 –270 to 315 300 1–4 110,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 15 2 to 230 –270 to 315 500 1–4 70,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 20 2 to 230 –270 to 315 2,000 1–4 60,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 25 2 to 230 –270 to 315 3,000 1–4 35,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 30 2 to 230 –270 to 315 5,000 1–4 25,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 40 2 to 230 –270 to 315 7,000 1–4 22,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 50 2 to 140 –270 to 315 11,000 1–4 20,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 60 2 to 140 –270 to 315 15,000 1–4 16,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 80 2 to 90 –270 to 315 20,000 1–4 12,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I M,P,0
EC/EG 100 2 to 90 –110 to 315 35,000 1–4 10,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I P,0
EC/EG 130 2 to 50 –110 to 315 50,000 1–4 8,500 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I P,0
EC/EG 160 2 to 50 –110 to 315 80,000 1–4 7,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I P,0
EC/EG 180 2 to 20 –110 to 315 110,000 1–4 6,000 V D,L,O HC,S,I R,C,I P,0
Notes:
1 Model: EC = Expander Compressor, EG = Expander Generator, ED = Expander Dyno
2 Type of Casting Split: H = Horizontal, V = Vertical
3 Type of Seals: C = Carbon ring, D = Dry gas, L = Labyrinth, O = Oil, W = Water
4 Type of Gas: HC = Hydrocarbons, S = Steam, I = Industrial gasses, incl. Air, Nitrogen, CO, CO2, Waste, NH3, etc., F = Flue Gas
5 Type of Design: A = Axial, R = Radial, C = Centrifugal / Centripetal, I = Integral gear, S = Screw
6 Type of Bearings: M = Magnetic, P = Pressurized oil bearings, O = Oil bearings
Inlet Volume Inlet Inlet Flow Number of Type of Type of Type of Gas Expander Type of
Model (bar A) Temperature (°C) (kg/hr) Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
NAE 11 500 up to 300,000 7 4,500 H L I A
Notes:
1 Model: EC = Expander Compressor, EG = Expander Generator, ED = Expander Dyno
2 Type of Casting Split: H = Horizontal, V = Vertical
3 Type of Seals: C = Carbon ring, D = Dry gas, L = Labyrinth, O = Oil, W = Water
4 Type of Gas: HC = Hydrocarbons, S = Steam, I = Industrial gasses, incl. Air, Nitrogen, CO, CO2, Waste, NH³, etc., F = Flue Gas
5 Type of Design: A = Axial, R = Radial, C = Centrifugal/Centripetal, I = Integral gear, S = Screw
6 Type of Bearings: M = Magnetic, P = Pressurized oil bearings, O = Oil bearings
88 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Turboexpander Specifications
Inlet Pressure Inlet Inlet Flow Number of Type of Casing Type of Gas Expander Type of
Model (bar A) Temperature (°C) (kg/hr) Stages rpm Split Type of Seals Can Handle Design
TH-85 4.5 760 220,000 1–2 7,500 V L (1) A
TH-100 4.5 760 330,000 1–2 5,800 V L (1) A
TH-120 4.5 760 505,000 1 4,700 V L (1) A
TH-140 4.5 760 772,000 1 3,960 V L (1) A
Notes: Elliott designs, manufactures, tests, installs, services and repairs FCC flue gas power recovery expanders. Our proven designs and technology result in rugged, reliable machines with
millions of hours of operation in the field and up to 10 years of blade life from a single row of blades. Product features include: • Aerodynamic design to eliminate secondary erosion •
Integral expansion joint • Superior materials technology • Overspeed protection • After burn protection
1 FCC, blast furnace, coal gas
2 V = Vertical, L = Labyrinth Seal, A = Axial Inlet
Inlet Volume Inlet Temp. Inlet Flow Number of Type of Type of Gas Expander Type of
Model (bar A) (°C) (kg/hr) Stages rpm Casing Split Type of Seals Can Handle Design
EN/E up to 16 540 up to 360,000 multi up to 20,000 H/V L+O,G (1) A
EH up to 12 760 up to 650,000 single or multi up to 24,000 H/V L,O (1) A
ER up to 15 500 up to 450,000 1/2 or multi up to 48,000 V L+O,G (1) R
1 all industrial gases
90 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
Turboexpander Specifications
SIEMENS ENERGY
Inlet Temp
Inlet Pressure Inlet Flow Number Type of Type of Type of Gas Expander Type of
Model (bar A) psia °C °F (kg/hr) of Stages rpm Casing Split Seals Can Handle Design
STC-GT 15 217.5 550 1022 9,000–600,000 4 25,000 V L all I-C
E-516/520/ 1.85 typical 27 typical
760 1400 45,000–165,000 5 7,000-11,000 H L&H (1) A
522/526 17.7 max 257 max
E-132/232 3.75 max 54 760 1022 165,000–200,000 2 7,500–8,500 V L (1) A
E-138/238 3.75 max 54 760 1400 345,000–350,000 2 6,000 V L (1) A
E-148/248 3.75 max 54 760 1022 450,000–555,000 2 4,000 V L (1) A
E-156 3.75 max 54 760 1400 730,000 1 3,600 V L (1) A
1 Nitric acid, ethylene oxide, FCC, coal gas, blast furnace gas. D = Dry Gas, L = Laby, H = Honeycomb seal
AD INDEX
Ansaldo Energia 93 ansaldoenergia.com
Atlas Copco - Gas & Process Division C2 atlascopco-gap.com
Durr Universal 29 durr-universal.com
Elliott Company C4 elliot-turbo.com
Fincantieri 11 fincantieri.com
Flowdy 21 flowdy.co.kr
Forecast International 27 forecastinternational.com
Franke-Filter GmbH 7 franke-filter.com
HRST, Inc 25 hrstonline.com
Industrial Info Resources 13 industrialinfo.com
Mechanical Dynamics & Analysis 17 anton-paar.com
Optimistic 23 optimistic.pt/en
Riverhawk Company 5 riverhawk.com
Rotating Machinery Services 19 rotatingmachinery.com
Rotoflow C3 rotoflow.com
Schutte & Koerting 31 s-k.com
Sohre Turbomachinery, Inc 31 sohreturbo.com
Solar Turbines, Inc 9 solarturbines.com
Waukesha Bearings 15 waukbearing.com
Reciprocating vs Centrifugal
Compressors for
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Part one of this two-part myth on reciprocating versus centrifugal compressors
addresses design and application differences.
BY KLAUS BRUN & RAINER KURZ
92 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
I TA L I A N ENERGY
petercom
BRIGHTER FUTURE
Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 gas turbine is the top of the range for performance and
power in our portfolio. With our products and solutions, from EPC to service,
from digital twin to remote monitoring, Ansaldo Energia is ready to face the
challenges of the energy transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable future.
MYTH BUSTERS
low pressures, usually below 30 psia. After construction they are usually On the other hand, centrifugal compres-
separation, the CO2 needs to be compressed less expensive. sors have major operational advantages
to supercritical pipeline transport pres- Back to the discussion of what is the over reciprocating compressors in that they
sures to around 2,000-2,200 psia, and then best compressor for a sustainable energy can handle much higher flows, are more
injected into a geological formation for economy: Reciprocating compressor reliable, require less maintenance, have
permanent storage at similarly high manufacturers (and their supporters) claim nearly zero gas leakage, do not contaminate
pressures. The advantage of transporting that their machines are good for hydrogen the process gas with lubrication oil, do not
CO2 at supercritical pressures is that it has compression. There is some truth to that require pulsation control, are significantly
a high density (similar to that of liquid for low-flow applications since reciprocat- quieter, have lower vibrations, have a wider
water) and very low viscosity, allowing for ing compressors using piston compression operating range, are easier to scale, and
efficient pipeline transport. Operating in can achieve high-pressure ratios with provide for more concise and stable flow
the dense phase also significantly reduces relatively few stages. Similarly, they claim control. In the past, for lower-flow carbon
the power demand for the pumping or that, since most CO2 capture applications sequestration applications, reciprocating
compression stations along a CO2 pipeline, require very high-pressure ratios, recipro- compressors rather than centrifugal
although applications where existing cating compressors are equally superior in compressors were the traditional option.
natural gas pipelines are to be used will this area. However, this argument is false These were mostly electric motor-driven.
operate at much lower, typically subcritical, and based on a fundamental misunder- However, as the industry is moving rapidly
pressures. Thus, for the new sustainable standing of compression thermodynamics. toward much higher CO2 capture flow rates,
energy economy, the most common The reality is that centrifugal compres- the limits of the practical use of reciprocat-
compression applications are: sors can also produce high-pressure ratios ing compressors are being reached.
(1a) pipeline injection from near atmo- for fluids that have physical properties In part two of this Myth Busters article,
spheric to 2,000+ psia associated with low specific heat and a high we will discuss compression challenges and
(1b) pipeline injection from near atmo- molecular weight, i.e., most heavy gases. some of the lesser-understood disadvan-
spheric to 600 psia This is especially true for CO2, which has a tages of reciprocating compressors for
(2) pipeline recompression or re-pumping molecular weight of 44 and a specific heat of CO2 applications.
with typical pressure ratios around 1.5, 0.8 kJ/kg K. A basic reading and simple
and analysis of Euler’s turbomachinery The authors want to thank Karl Wygant and Rob Pelton,
(3) geological injection compression or equation (which relates fluid angular both at Elliott Turbo, for their contributions to this article.
pumping from the pipeline at pressures momentum to head) and the isentropic
that depend on the final geological relationships (which relate temperature
storage pressure, which can vary widely differential - and thus head rise - to ABOUT THE AUTHORS
but can be well above 2500 psia. pressure ratio) demonstrates this. Here the Klaus Brun is the Director of R&D
physical relationship between pressure rise at Elliott Group. He is also the
As a side note, from an aerodynamic and head for centrifugal compressors shows past Chair of the Board of
design perspective, there is not much of a that each rotating impeller stage can Directors of the ASME
International Gas Turbine
difference between a compressor and a produce very high-pressure rise even at
Institute and the IGTI Oil & Gas
pump when they operate at high pressures moderate impeller tip speeds. For example, applications committee.
above 1080 psia in the dense phase. Here a single-casing centrifugal compressor can
the fluid is not very compressible, and any easily compress CO2 fluid from 20 psia to
work input does not result in significant 1,200 psia (well above its critical point) Rainer Kurz is the Manager of
Gas Compressor Engineering at
density and temperature changes. The using only seven impellers running at
Solar Turbines Incorporated in
primary difference is that pumps are normal tip speeds of 1,200 fps. This is a San Diego, CA. He is an ASME
usually designed to operate at the synchro- staggering pressure ratio of 60:1. Clearly, Fellow since 2003 and the past
nous speed of an electric motor while these impeller stages must have some chair of the IGTI Oil and Gas
Applications Committee.
compressors often run at much higher intercooling to avoid excessive tempera-
speeds using a gearbox of high-speed tures and to maintain high efficiency, but Any views or opinions presented in this article are solely
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent
drivers. Consequently, to achieve a similar this is no different than what is required those of Solar Turbines Incorporated, Elliott Group, or any
head, pumps usually require more stages from all types of compressors, including of their affiliates.
than compressors, but because of their reciprocating compressors.
94 • www.turbomachinerymag.com
TURNINGPOWER
INTOPERFORMANCE
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