Learning Activity: 4 SCORE:

NAME: FIONA DEI LAUDERES DAGUMAN

COURSE AND YEAR: BSN 1B

1. Discuss the meaning of the following:

1.1 Vedas - The Vedas are the foundational texts of Hindu philosophy. The Vedas
are thought to be the world's oldest religious texts.
1.2 Maya - As a response, the Atman becomes a Maya slave (illusion). The
command to relinquish the Atman to Maya in order to unite it with the
Universal essence, Brahman, is linked to this teaching.
1.3 Atman - The Atman is present in the man's very self. As a result, knowledge
is considered a virtue in Hinduism. It is a virtue to recognize that Maya is
merely a mirage.
1.4 Brahman - Brahmanas ( summaries and commentaries)
1.5 Moksha - Moksha is the proper name for self-perfection (release). After a
person has attained Moksha, the breaking of the ego ceases. When this
occurs, the individual achieves Nirvana (complete annihilation of all finite
conditions).

2. What is the value of Samsara in Hindu morality?

- For the purpose of purification, Hindus believe in Samsara (often translated as
rebirth).

3. What has Atman to do with the Brahman in relation to morality?

- Brahman and Atman are two separate realities. There are no two realities in
Hinduism; there is only one reality. This leads us to believe that the Atman is
also the Brahman for Hindus.

4. Do you agree with the contention that Buddhism is an ethics of liberation? Why?
- Yes, because it aims to alleviate all types of human suffering. Experiencing old
age, sickness, or death.
5. What are the three jewels in Buddhism?
- Buddha
- Sangha
- Dharma
6. Do you agree with Buddha when he argued that life is permeated by suffering?
Why?

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS

 - Yes, since it is impossible to live without suffering. Throughout your life, trials
are what keep you alive and put you to the test.

7. Do you think Buddha is right when he argued that it is craving that causes
suffering? Why?
- Yes, if you don't chose the proper things for you or the appropriate things to do,
life's temptations can bring serious harm.
8. Banking on your own experience, what can you say about suffering?
- Suffering is a difficult thing to go through. Heartbreaks, family's high expectations, and being self
sufficient when I'm at my lowest are all things I've experienced in my personal life. I've gone through
a lot and have had suicidal thoughts; I've also injured myself on several occasions. When I was in
pain, the desire to die was repeatedly here already. At this point, I'm grateful that I'm surviving.
9. Discuss Buddha’s four Noble All beings experience pain and misery (dukkha) during
their lifetime:
1. "Birth, old age, sickness, and death are all painful experiences; sadness, grief,
sorrow, grief, and concern are all painful experiences." Contact with the
disagreeable causes discomfort. Pain separates the pleasure from the
unpleasant. It hurts to not obtain what one wants. In a nutshell, the five mind-
matter assemblages that are prone to attachment are pain."
The source of anguish and misery (samudaya) is related to a specific cause:
"It is the want for pleasures, the desire for existence, the desire for non-existence; that is, the desire
for pleasures, the desire for existence, the desire for non-existence."
2. The following steps can be taken to bring agony and misery to an end (nirodha):
"With its abandonment and renunciation, with its emancipation and detachment from it, with its full
non-passion and cessation of this very desire."
3. The Noble Eightfold Path is the approach we must use to put an end to sorrow and suffering.
10. Do you agree with Buddha when he posited his claim that suffering can be
eliminated from man? Why?
- No, I believe that suffering is an inevitable component of life. When you DIE, the
anguish will come to an end.
11. How do you compare Indian Ethics with Chinese Ethics?

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS

 - In contrast to India, China usually had a single monarch who ruled for a long
time. - Indian philosophies share some concepts, such as karma and
reincarnation, with Chinese philosophies, which are very different. - Gods were
not found in every philosophy.

12. How do you describe, generally, Chinese Philosophy?

- Chinese philosophy has been the source of Chinese culture's thought from the
beginning of time to the present. Man and his society have occupied, if not
monopolized, the attention of Chinese intellectuals throughout history.
13. How is Confucian ethics related with human – heartedness?
- Ren, Yi, Zhong, Li, and Xiao are the innate laws of nature in Confucianism. When
these natural principles are implemented, they eventually become virtues.
- Ren translates to "human-heartedness." Ren is a basic virtue that Confucius
believes everyone should cultivate.
- Ren can also mean "love," "benevolence," or "charity."
- Ren means to love or to be loved by others.
- Ren follows the Golden Mean Rule: "Don't do to others what you don't want for
yourself."
14. What have the innate laws of nature to do with morality?
- Confucius emphasizes that man should harmonize with nature, and that this
harmony should be actively manifested by putting natural laws into action.

15. Discuss the meaning of the following in relation to morality:

15.1 Ren - Ren means human-heartedness.
15.2 Li -Li refers to propriety. It refers to doing things correctly. Ethics, manners,
behaviors, and conduct are all created by Li.
15.3 Yi - Yi translates to "righteousness." It refers to the "oughtness" or
correctness of a particular conduct in a given circumstance.
15.4 Shu - Shueh denotes wisdom and Che means study.

15.5 Xiao - Xiao is a Chinese character that means filial piety. This refers to one's
parents, blood relations, or the entire family.
16. Discuss and explain the original meaning of Tao

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS

17. Tao is a word of many meanings, the original meaning is road, way, or path.
- Three elements comprise Tao. Road, Human Head, and Human Foot are the
three options. This will help us see that tao means "way."
18. Explain the meaning of Tao as the Way of the Ultimate Reality.
- Tao is incomprehensible, indescribable, imperceptible, and incompressible.

19. What has Tao do with the universe?

- The Tao appears in the beauty of nature.

20. Does Tao have something to do with human existence? Why?

- Man's harmony with nature is referred to as the Tao.

21. Explain the meaning of Yin and Yang.

- Yin represents softness, darkness, meekness, femininity, and other qualities.
- Yang represents toughness, brightness, activity, masculinity, and so forth.
22. Do you think that the characteristics of Yin and Yang are contrary or
contradictory? Why?
- Despite their appearance as opposing poles, they cannot attract each other
without the Tao's reversing movement.

23. What is the place of Tao in the correlation of Yin and Yang?
- The Tao sign features two Yin and Yang sides with dots representing opposed
dualism concepts within them.
24. Could Tao stand independently of Yin and Yang? Why?
- complementary (rather than opposing) forces interact to create a dynamic
system where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
25. What have Tao, Yin and Yang to do with the way toasts understand and
interpret morality?
- We all need balance in life.
26. What is Zen – Buddhism?
- Zen-Buddhism is a way of life.

27. Is Zen-Buddhism a combination of Taoism and Buddhism? Why?

- Zen is a religion that incorporates both Taoism and Buddhism. Buddhism was
pitted against Taoism when it came in China. They merged to become what is

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS

 currently known as "Zen Buddhism" or just Zen. Words, according to that
philosophy, are insufficient to communicate that philosophy.
28. Why is reason repugnant to Zen-Buddhists?
- Suffering is caused by two factors: desire and ignorance.
29. Explain the meaning of the following:
29.1 Koans - Zen-Buddhists use what they term Koans (paradoxes) rather than
logical paradigms as a form of living rather than thinking.
29.2 Zou-Chan - After reading the Koans, a Zen Buddhist will concentrate on them
through a practice known as Zou-Chan, which means "sitting meditations."
29.3 Satori - Satori (sudden jolt or enlightenment). That is why he has the correct
perspective on life.

30. As a student in moral, what do you think Zen-Buddhism has taught you?
- That temptations will entice you at all times, and that you need learn self-
control so that you can regulate whatever you do and that you do not harm
yourself.
31. Explain the meaning of the following:
31.1 Salam - Salam is an Arabic word that signifies "peace and surrender." Islam
literally means "absolute serenity" as a result of total surrender to Allah
(God)

31.2 Allah - God

31.3 Koran - God's revelations to Muhammad
31.4 Mohammed - Successor
31.5 Tawaf - (Islam) As part of the hajj at Mecca, the rite of circumambulating the
Kaaba seven times.
31.6 Ka’ba - Mecca's Great Mosque has a modest shrine at the center.
31.7 Black Stone - Muslims revere black stone, which they refer to as hajar al-
Aswad..

31.8 Abraham - is recognized as a prophet and messenger of God.

32. Present the minor moral injunction in Islam.
- Muslims have a moral commitment and duty to encourage one another to do
good things and to persuade people to refrain from doing harmful deeds.

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS

33. Because of their obligation to pray, do you think the Muslim are more
religious than the Christian? What do you understand by the term religious?
- Christians, with 31.11 percent, are the most religious. demonstrating steadfast
loyalty to a recognized ultimate reality or deity
34. What do you think the obligation “to have a pilgrimage to Mecca” have to do
with moral lives of the Muslims?
- They go to Mecca to pray, perform rituals, and walk around the Kaaba seven
times counter-clockwise.
35. As a Christian, what has Islamic ethics taught you?

- It also symbolizes Muslims' commitment to their principles. They want to live in

a healthy environment, and ethical standards are the product of that desire.

ETHICS WESTERN ETHICS