QUESTION 1. WHAT IS MATERIA MEDICA? DEFINE THE HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA?

ANS: - it is a book or subject which contains the collected drugs from different experiments, clinical
experiences, including their facts pharmaco-dynamic effects and method of application of different
drugs for the purpose of cure of sick individual.

HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA

It is the book or subject which contains systemic record from evaluation of the drugs which are proved
on healthy human being of both sex and having different ages of different groups.

SOURCES OF HOM.INTRODUCTION IN HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA

1) Drug proving 2)
clinical source 3)
accidental source
4) chemical or chemistry
5) toxicology or toxicological
6) doctrine of signature

1) DRUG PROVING: - It is the primary source of hom mat med. Becoz all other modes of treatments used
to prove their medicines of lower animals, while homoeopathic drugs are proved thoroughly on healthy
human being of both sex all ages and from different groups. Through the
human proving we can get both subjective and objective symptoms. It is a very good source to build up
the HOM.MAT.MED

2) CLINICAL SOURCE: - It is based on clinical symptoms.

Clinical symptoms are those symptoms which are not observed during proving, but they are seen during
daily clinical practice. E.g. A
patient comes with complaint of G.I.T trouble similar to that of NUX.VOMICA. We prescribe nux vomica
to that pt. In next day pt comes with relief of not only his G.I.T. troubles but also of his backache
complaints, which were not even told by him to the physician. Then that symptom of backache can be
said as clinical.

3) ACCIDENTAL SOURCE: - This source includes those medicines whose curative action was discovered
accidentally. E.g. Blata orientalis in ASTHMA.

4) CHEMICAL SOURCE: - It includes the knowledge of chemistry, which gives understanding about the
signs and symptoms of the drugs by studying there chemical & physical properties and their nature etc.
E, g. aspirin, or other allopathic drugs

5) TOXICOLOGICAL SOURCE: - Toxicology is the branch of science, which deals with study of toxic
substances on human being as signs and symptoms produced due to toxic effects of drugs can be
obtained through this source.

6) DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURE: - It is the relation of drug source to the action on human being. OR “It is
the pseudo-rational way of ascertaining the curative power of drug substances from its physio-chemical
properties in its crude state.”
E.g.  The drug prepared from yellow flower of gelsemium acts well in jaundice.
 Tarantula hispenica a Spanish spider is sensitive to the drum beats; similarly,
The patient is similarly sensitive to the music.
 Juice of hammamalis flower is bloody in colour so the medicine prepared from
This flower can be used for hemorrhagic pts.

QUESTION 2. Describe different type of homoeopathic materia medica.

Ans: - Different author has written diff. types of materia medica, they are as follow:

1) SOURCE BOOK-MATERIA MEDICA PURA

2) KEY-NOTES TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA
3) CLINICAL MATERIA MEDICA
4) LECTURE TYPES OF MATERIA MEDICA
5) TEXT BOOK OF MATERIA MEDICA
6) DRUG PICTURE TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA
7) CONDENSED MATERIA MEDICA
8) COMPARATIVE TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA
9) ENCYCLOPEDIA MATERIA MEDICA

1. SOURCE BOOK (materia medica Pura):-

Master Hahnemann after proving drugs on healthy human individuals and carefully noting the
alternations and the sensations & functions experienced by the prover with each of those medicines,
put them in the form of books, he gave the name Materia Medica Pura.
So, we can say “Materia Medica Pura is the book which contains the pure signs and symptoms
recorded during the process of drug proving by prover of both sexes and different age groups.”
It has been written in seven volumes.
The signs and symptoms are recorded according to anatomical schema i.e. beginning from the head
and ending at the foot.

2. KEY-NOTES TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA:-

 It is the one o the type of material medica which contains most peculiar signs and symptoms of
medicine which characterizes the medicine. But this book should be studied after grasping through
knowledge of remedy
E.g. Key notes type of materia medica by Dr.H.C.Allen.

3. CLINICAL MATERIA MEDICA:-

This type of book contains clinical symptoms, which are observed by many physicians in day to day
clinical practice.
Clinical symptoms are those symptoms, which were not observed during proving, but they are
observed during clinical practice.
Name of such book is the clinical materia medica by Dr.E.A.Farrington.

4. LECTURES TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA:-

It is the type of materia medica in which signs and symptoms of medicines are written in pattern of
running lectures.
E.g. Lectures of mat.med by Dr.J.T.Kent.
In this book all the medicines are nothing but the lectures delivered by Dr.Kent in his classes on
mat.med.
Although it is very lucid and descriptive book, it is must for all those who wish to study
homoeopathic materia medica.

5. TEXT BOOK OF MATERIA MEDICA:-

Text book of materia medica by Dr.Constantine Lippe.

6. DRUG PICTURE TYPE OF MATERIA MEDICA:-

Here the pathogenesis of drug is presented in a picture method, it is to make materia medica more
lively and easy to memorize.
E.g. Lectures on materia medica by Dr.J.T.Kent
Homoeopathic drug pictures by M.L.Tyler

7. CONDENSED MATERIA MEDICA:-

It was written by C.HERING. In this book the author has tried to give maximum symptoms of
maximum drugs.

8. COMPARATIV E MATERIA MEDICA:-

In homoeopathy we used to differentiate one pt from another and similarly one medicine from
another.
Comparative type of materia medica is the book , which includes the comparison of medicines at
the different levels, i.e. organ level, disease level, drug level, etc. it help us in differentiating two
seemingly similar medicines.
E.g. Comparative materia medica by Dr.E.A.Farrington.

9. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HOM.MAT.MED:-
It was written by Dr.T.F.Allen in 12 volumes.
It is the biggest work on materia medica in the field of homoeopathy.
In this book, even small trifles of drug are also described by the author.
QUESTION 3. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS TO STYDYING MATERIA MEDICA?
ANSWER:-
The method of studying the materia medica depends upon how an complete picture on can get
of the drug pathogenesis, how one can utilize such myriads of symptoms and how the drug picture can
easily be applied on sick individual.
Various ways have been shown by many votaries from Dr.hahnemann to the present eras which
are listed below:
1) ANATOMICAL SCHEMATIC METHOD
2) COMPARATIVE METHOD
3) THERAPEUTIC METHOD
4) PICTURE METHOD
5) KEY-NOTES METHOD
6) COMBINED METHOD
7) PHYSIOLOGICAL METHOD

1: ANATOMICAL SCHEMATIC METHOD:-

Here each drug is studied organ wise, like mind, head, nose, ear, abdomen and extremities.
This method was followed by Dr.Hahnemann. After proving he collected and arranged the entire
symptom organ wise from head to foot.
This is called anatomical schematic presentation.
E.g. Materia medica pura by Dr.Hahnemann
The guiding symptoms by Dr.Hering.
Allen’s encyclopedia
Handbook of Allen on materia medica.

2: COMPARATIVE METHOD:-
The symptoms of each drug are compared with symptoms of other drugs showing both similar and
dissimilar symptoms.
a) AT THE DISEASE LEVEL: Comparison of various drug indicated for a particular disease is made under
this head.
E.g. A state of collapse,
Wants to be fanned all the time –carbo.veg.
Craves fresh air, skin felt cold yet desire to be uncovered – camphor.
Cold and bathed with cod perspiration – verat alb.
All the above symptoms are found in medorrhinum.
b) AT SYMPTOMES LEVEL: For example, let us take symptom of ‘BURNING’.
If it is,
 > By hot application:-ars.alb.
 > By cold application: - sulphur
 > By cold application with objective coldness of surface: - secale cornutunum
c) AT ORGAN LEVEL: comparison of similar drugs are made organ wise,
 E.g. head symptoms, mind symptoms, etc.
 Head symptoms of Belladonna, natrum mur, gelsemium, are compared with one another.
d) AT THE DRUG LEVEL: drug having resemblance to each other in their pathogenesis is compared
under this head:
e.g.:-
 Cina & chamomilla
 Hepar sulph & silicea
 Rhus tox & bryonia alba
But this study should not be adopted at the initial stage. This is done after acquiring knowledge of
individual drugs.
BOOKS: COMPARATIVE MATERIA MEDICA BY FERRINGTON.

3. THERAPEUTIC MATERIA MEDICA

Here the drug symptoms are studied under the heading of different disease. The drug having power
of curing particular disease is discussed in this method.
E.g. Under heading of ‘typhoid’, various drugs having property of producing & curing continued fever
like, bryonia.alba, baptisea.tinctooria, etc. are discussed.
BOOKS: HOMOEOPATHIC THERAPEUTIC BY ‘LILINTHAL’.
PRACTICAL HOMOEOPATHIC THERAPEUTIC BY ‘DEWEY’.

4. PICTURE TYPE METHOD:

Here the pathogenesis of drug is presented in the form of pictures.
It is to make materia medica more lively and more easily to memorize.
E.g. LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDICA BY Dr. J. T. Kent.
HOMOEOPATHIC DRUG PICTURE BY M.L.TYLER.

5. KEY-NOTE STUDY:
The characteristic symptom of the particular drug is studied in this method.
This had been done in order too make the study of materia medica short, synthetic and
comprehensive.
E.g. KEY-NOTES BY H.C.ALLEN.

6. PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY;
In this method we study the drug by observing the physiological actions of a particular drug on
healthy human beings.
e.g., PHYSIOLOGICAL MATERIA MEDICA BY ‘BURT’.

7. COMBINED STUDY:
In this type of study, the drug is presented from various angels at time such as:
a. Physiological actions
b. Key-notes symptoms
c. symptoms from anatomical schema
d. picture type
e. comparison of symptoms
f. Therapeutic study
This is the best method of studying the materia medica since the students are exposed to various
styles of presentation.
QUESTION 4. DESCRIBE THE SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS OF HOM.MAT,MED..
ANSWER:-

SCOPE:
1. HUMAN PROVING:
In homoeopathy symptoms are collected by proving on healthy human being of various age
groups, in both the sexes, and of different constitutions. When a person falls to sick the required
medicine is to be applied on the sick individual on the basis of symptom similarity. This is the based on
the principle of homoeopathy. Now without clearly knowing the pathogenesis of the drug substances,
especially its effects on healthy human being, it is not rational to apply it for curative purpose.
Susceptibility differs from person to person. So we can get a wide range of symptoms during
proving, hence we avail on opportunity to apply it on a sick individual in a various conditions.
So, this is the great scope of hom.mat.med.
 The hom.mat.med contains a large number of drugs and each drug having many symptoms. Hence
there is no difficulty in selecting a ‘SIMILIMUM’ for disease condition.
 In the drug proving the medicine is discontinued before any organic changes take place. The
altered symptomatology is purely functional. Hence homoeopathy is useful for treatment even before
any pathological changes can takes place, or before a diagnosis is made.
 We have reported the dynamic pathological states (pre-nosological) state in the materia medica.
For this symptomatology of dynamic pathology, we can draw easy inference as to the actual disease
states where drug may be useful. Whatever may be the disease, if we get the symptoms of dynamic
pathology of the drug in that particular pt, than we can safely administer that drug in that irrespective if
the disease the individual suffering from?
For example: Syphilinum is not only indicated in the syphilis or pre-syphilitic state, but it can be given
for any disease where we get the dynamic pathology of syphilinum. So it can be used in cancer,
diabetes, anemia, etc.
Hom Mat Med is the only materia medica among all the pathies which has encompassed the largest
number of subjective symptoms, collected from the human proving.
While receiving a case, the pt usually narrates his subjective symptoms. As drugs have been proved on
human beings, the exact sensation, location, modality, and concomitants are collected. So, there occurs
no difficulty in choosing the nearest SIMILIMUM.

LIMITATIONS:
 Hom.mat.med is unimaginably vast. One can very well assess its vastness by studying very common
medicine Apis melifica that has covered 64 pages in Hering’s Guiding symptoms and sulphur 99 pages in
Allen’s Encyclopedia. Even a genius cannot remember this ocean of symptoms.
 No proving records are available on pathological changes in hom.mat.med, because during proving,
the medicines are discontinued before the occurrence of pathological changes.
 The present mode of Homoeopathy cannot be strictly called classical Homoeopathy, because in
organic diseases changed pathology is not covered by a single simple medicine, nor we have any proving
records.
Because we rarely comes across the pathological symptoms in our hom.mat.med. Many of
symptoms are collected from clinical practice and few are from record of poisoning.
 Due to absence of detailed pathological proving, disease with advanced pathological changes cannot
be treated as efficiently.

QUESTION 5. DESCRIBE THE SUPERIORIITY OF HOMOEOPPATHIIC MATERIIA MEDICA.

ANSWER:

Homoeopathy is the rational art of healing. Homoeopathic materia medica has some distinct features
which not only makes it unique among all the other modes of treatments but it also makes
homoeopathy superior and best among the other systems of medicines. The reasons which make the
homoeopathy superior then the other systems are as follows:

1. Human proving:
In homoeopathy the medicines are thoroughly proved oh healthy human beings, of different
ages as well as subjective symptoms of medicines. While other modes of treatment prove their
medicines on lower animals, so they can get a wide range of objective symptoms but they cannot get
subjective symptoms.
By human proving we can also get these symptoms of mind while other mode of treatment can
not get these symptoms by proving their medicines on the lower animals.
Through proving of medicines on the healthy human being, their actions and reactions are fully
known to the homoeopathic physician, unlike any other medicine.

2. INDIVIDUALIZATION
Homoeopathy believes in individualization means we treats patient as a whole, we believes
that no person in this world is similar to other similarly no medicines. While other modes of treatment
treats the disease not the patient.
For example suppose three patient having complaint of headache goes to allopathic physician. The
physician will prescribe same remedy to all the three patients of headache without knowing the
causation, sensation of pain, location, modalities of headache.
If such three patients come to homoeopath, then homoeopath physician will
Individualize all three patients according to their causation, sensation, and modality and will prescribe
different remedy to each patient

3. RATIONAL ART OF HEALING

Homoeopathy believes in removing the disease from its root and not suppressing or palliating
it by local application and other medicines given in physiological doses. This makes homoeopathy the
best and true art of healing.

4. DOSE
In homoeopathy, the dose used is the minimum, so there are no chances of producing side
effects unlike any other systems of medicines.

5. CONSTITUTION
A homoeopathic medicine selected on the basis of constitution of pt, cures not only the told
complaints, but also cures those complaints which were not told by the pt (clinical symptoms).

6. DYNAMIC APPROACH
Homoeopathic drugs are acting on the dynamic plane, so no material side effects of our
medicines will be there in pt.
 7. MONOPHARMACY
We believe in monopharmacy means in homoeopathy only single simple medicines is
Prescribed at a given time while other modes of treatment uses polypharmacy & uses large physiological
doses.

8. PURITY OF HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES

Freshness of materials used for the preparation of medicines is also distinctive feature in
homoeopathy.

9. SINGLE, SIMPLE
Hom.mat.med does not believe in compounding, but we accept the drug with its entity and
totality; without attempting to separate the specific chemical constituents.

10. HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT

There is no harmful side effect or any post recovery injurious effects on the human system as
a whole or any part.

QUESTION 6. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CONSTITUTION? DESCRIBE CONTENTS AND TYPES OF

CONSTITUTIONS IN DETAILS.
ANSWER:
DEFINITION

Constitution means, the physical make-up of body including,

- Mode of performance of its functions,
- The activity of its metabolic processes,
- The manner and degree of its reaction to stimuli,
- Its power of resistance to the attack of pathogenic agencies.
In ordinary words, constitution is the inherited qualities cum environment having genetic
background. As the gene varies with the individuals, so also the constitution.
And it is because of this individualistic character of constitution that it has been assigned an
important role in homoeopathy.

CONTENTS OF CONSTITUTION:
1. PHYSICAL MAKE-UP
2. TEMPERAMENT
3. RELATION WITH HEAT NAD COLD
4. MIASMATIC BACKGROUND
5. DIATHESIS

1. PHYSICAL MAKE-UP: It includes general look or appearance of individual.

E g, color of skin and hair, facial expressions, weather person is thin or fatty etc.

2. TEMPERAMENT: Temperament means one’s customary form of natural disposition, which includes,
 Coloring, functional tendencies of circulation, climination. Respiration, and so on, and at the same
time mental & emotional tendencies in reaction to the environment & circumstances.
E.g. Nervous temp., sanguine temp., etc.

3. RELATION WITH HEAT AND COLD; It includes relation of that individual towards heat and cold, In this
individuals are grouped in hot and chilly or very hot or highly chilly pts.
E.g. Apis melifica pt is hot pt and silicea pt is highly chilly pt.

4. MIASMATIC BACKGROUND: It contains miasms responsible for pt’s diseased condition. I.e. PSORA,
SYPHILIS, SYCOSIS
 Psora = “Itch” ( prurigo)
- It badly alters the natural reactions of a constitution tending to produce irritation, and
hypersensitivity.
 Sycosis = gonorrhea and “fig warts”
- It badly initiates and catalyzes constructive reactions tending to produce infiltrations,
indurations, and over growths.
 Syphilis = ulcer “shanker”
- It badly initiates and catalyzes destructive reactions tending towards degeneration and
ulcerations.

5. DIATHESIS: Means an unusual predisposition to the particular disease.

E.g. scrofulous diathesis. Rheumatic diathesis, etc.

TYPES OF CONSTITUTION:
Constitutions are classified under following two classifications:
(a) DR.VANNIER’S CLASSIFICATION:
Dr. Vannier’s classification is based on main calcium salts entering into the formation of the bones.
According to this classification, constitutions are classified in following types:
1. CARBONIC CONSTITUTION:
- This constitution covers persons who are
- Mentally and physically upright
- White
- Having regular teeth
- Slight acute angle between forearm and arm,
- Undemonstrative, responsible &capable,
- Prone to arthritis and eczema,
- Miasm: Psora
Remedies for this constitution: kali. Carb. Mag.carb. etc.

2. PHOSPHORIC CONSTITUTION:
This includes persons,
- Having scrofulous or tubercular diathesis
- Tall, thin, delicate and easily tired persons
- Teeth are long, yellow but well-fitted
- Susceptible to diseases of chest and lungs
- Miasm: Sycosis
Remedies for this constitution: Cal.Phos. kali.Phos, Mur.ac. etc
3. FLUORIC CONSTITUTION:
It includes persons,
- Whose body formation is unbalanced &irregular
- Having outstretched limbs
- Teeth are irregular &ill-fitted, untidy, cunning, and are unreliable.
- Capable of heroism, sanctity or wickedness
- Prone to nervous disorders, dislocations and suicidal tendencies.
- Miasm: Syphilis
Remedies for this constitution: Calc.Fluor, Flour.Ac.

(b) DR. VON GRAUVOGL’S CLASSIFICATION:

Dr. von grauvogl has classified constitution into Hydrogenoid, Oxygenoid & Carbo-Nitrogenoid;
accordingly they have excess of water, excess of oxygen or excess of carbon and nitrogen in the blood &
tissues.

1. HYDROGENOID CONSTITUTION:
This includes all those persons whose complaints are aggravated by moistures and humidity.
They are prone to dropsy and anasarca.
Remedies: Arsenic, Dulcamara, Nat. Sulph, Rhus. Tox. Etc.

2. OXYGENOID CONSTITUTION:
There is excess of oxygen with the result that tissues of body are destroyed easily.
The body is thin & falls ill with change of season.
Destructive complaints involving genital organs and C.N.S.
Body is prone to ulceration.
Remedies: Cal.Phos. Ferrum. Phos, silicea, syphilinum, etc.

3. CARBO-NITROGENOID CONSTITUTION:
Persons with this constitution suffers mostly from diseases arising out of functional derangement of
body and mind, marked by erratic working of main organs of body such as heart, lungs, liver, etc.
accounting for diseases flowing from their defects.
Remedies: Arsenic Sulphur, lycopodium, etc.

CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES:
“Remedies which are usually employed in chronic diseases those are suited to the
constitution of the patient.”

What is constitutional treatment?

Constitutional treatment is when one homeopathic medicine is used to treat a constellation of symptoms
in one person. Generally, constitutional treatment is used in treating more chronic cases.

Here's a little more detail: - Homeopathic

medicines work on every system of the body- mental, physical and emotional. Homeopathic medicines are also
useful for both acute illness (those that run its course without any drug or physician's intervention) and chronic
illnesses (those which must be monitored by a license practitioner).

Each homeopathic medicine has it's own symptom picture. Many times, a homeopathic remedy's symptom picture
may "look like" a person. - For example, the symptom
picture most often associated with Nux Vomica includes: conditions brought on by excess eating, drinking,
smoking, etc.; hyperactivity; dyspepsia; headache over the eyes; wakes up at 3:00 a.m.; worse from stimulants.

If somebody is classified as a "type A" personality-always moving about, addicted to caffeine, does everything to
extreme (in work and play), has a nervous stomach, often wakes at 3:00 a.m. thinking about what didn't get
accomplished that day (or what needs to be done the next day) and is always drinking a cup of coffee, that person
may be classified as a "constitutional Nux Vomica."

If somebody is under the care of a homeopathic physician, they will often be treated with one remedy, their
constitutional remedy, because that remedy will treat their whole person - on all levels to relieve the many acute
symptoms and bring the overall person to a state of better health.

QUESTION 7. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY TEMPERAMENT? DESCRIBE IT TYPES IN DETAIL.

ANSWER

WORD-MEANING: Temperament word is derived from a Latin word ‘Temperamentum’ which means
“disposition.”

DEFINITION:
“The temperament is the constitutional disposition including the person’s manner of reacting
and thinking, his actions, general view about life as well as his way of reacting with the environment
conditions and other circumstances.”
In homoeopathy there is frequent mention of temperament. The temperament is considered in
case taking and in prescribing the remedy.
The temperament to a large extent is physiological. It has been said that the temperament are
cast in the beginning of a new individual. When the parent cells first unite and form then onwards there
is no change in the temperament of an individual. As temperament is physiological it can not be
changed or can not be influenced by the action of remedies. This statement is true but it would prove
more definite if we say that by the homoeopathic remedies temperament can not be changed i.e., its
initial tendency will not be changed but there can be modification in them to some degree.

TYPES OF TEMPERAMENT:
Especially, there are following types temperaments:
1. BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT
It is a constitutional deposition of an individual with dark complexion, high blood pressure, slow
pulse, well developed muscles, and strong appetite.
E.g., Aloe Socotrina, Argentum Nitricum, Nux Vomica, etc.

2. SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT:
It is the constitutional disposition of an individual with light hairs, light eyes, full pulse, good
appetite, quick in action but not loosing temper.
E.g., Aconite, Arnica Montana, Silicea, etc.
 3. NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT:
It is a constitutional disposition of an individual who is mentally & physically alert, active &
excitable.
E.g., Chamomilla, Arnica Montana, etc.

4. IRRITABLE TEMPERAMENT:
It is a constitutional disposition of an individual who is more prone to irritation.
E.g., Apis melifica, Bryonia Alba, Ipecacuanha, etc.

5. LEUCO-PLEGMATIC TEMPERAMENT:
It is a constitutional disposition of an individual
- There is pallor of skin
- Slow and shallow respiration,
- Sluggish circulation,
- Tendency to inflammation of skin and lymphatic
E.g., Cyclamen Europium.

6. MELANNCHOLIC TEMPERAMENT:
It is a constitutional disposition of an individual, who have pessimistic out look on the world.
One marked by emaciation, irritability.
E.g., Colchicum Autumnale.

7. HYSTERICAL TEMPERAMENT:
It is a constitutional disposition of an individual who suffers from attacks of spasm and paralysis
with irritable expressions.
E.g., Nux Vomica.

- It has been found that certain temperament living out certain symptoms which are not more, found
in other temperament, for e.g.
The phlegmatic type is sluggish so he has more chances to get venous stasis.
The sanguine type is just opposite of the phlegmatic.
In the bilious type, the persons are prone to suffer from liver disorders.
The hysterical type prone to suffer from attacks of spasms and paralysis.
This does not mean that a person will not have those diseases, which are not included in his
temperament. But is actually means that, that person is more prone to those diseases of the
temperament to which he belongs.
- By drug proving on healthy human beings it is found that:
Belladonna shows its marked action on phlegmatic temperament.
Nux vomica has brought its most of the symptoms in persons with nervous temperament.
Phosphorus developed many symptoms in nervous and bilious temperament.
It plays an important role in finding the totality of symptoms.
Thus, prescribing the medicines on the basis of temperament is the method of using the blessings of
homoeopathy.

QUESTION 8. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DIATHESIS/ DESCRIBE ITS TYPES IN DETAIL.

ANSWER
DEFINITION:
It is an unusual susceptibility or predisposition to a particular disease.
 It is slightly altered susceptibility, which is not sufficiently marked to be labeled as disease or group
of diseases.
It can be also said as mental or physical [inherited or acquired] chronic predisposition to a
particular disease.
It is a body tendency o the individual to a certain disease manifestation.

TYPES OF DIATHESIS
There are mainly following types of diathesis:
1. RHEUMATIC AND GOUTY DIATHESIS
2. HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS
3. TUBERCULAR DIATHESIS
4. SCROFULOUS DIATHESIS
5. NEURO-SYCOTIC DIATHESIS

1. RHEUMATIC AND GOUTY DIATHESIS: Having predisposition to rheumatism or gouty conditions.

E.g. Rhus Tox and Bryonia Alba.
2. HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS: Having predisposition to hemorrhagic condition. Even little injury
bleeds profusely.
E.g. Ipecacuanha, Phosphorus.

3. TUBERCULAR DIATHESIS: Having predisposition to the tuberculosis.

E.g. Phosphorus

4. SCROFULOUS DIATHESIS: Having predisposition to the glandular swellings.

E.g. Apis Melifica.

5. NEURO-SYCOTIC DIATHESIS:
E.g. Argentum Nitricum.

QUESTION 9. WHAT IS MODALITY? DESCRIBE DIFFERENT TYPS OF IT.

ANSWER
DEFINITION:
Modalities are conditions that affect or modify a particular symptoms or the state of the pt as a
whole.
In simple words, modalities are conditions that make the pt or his symptoms better or worse.
In other words, modalities are aggravation or amelioration of particular complaints or the state of
the pt as a whole with regards to various factors.
Modalities are one of the parts of the COMPLETE SYMPTOM.

It comprises of two aspects:

1. AGGRAVATION (<): Means increase of the intensity or degree of the sufferings.
2. AMELIORATION (>): Means diminution or relief of the intensity of symptoms.

TYPES OF MODALITY:

GENERAL MODALITIES: Modalities, which are applying to the pt as a whole.

E.g., pt feels better in open air.
 Pt having aggravation from cold or warm room.
PARTICULLAR MODALITIES: Modalities which are related to a particular system of the body of the pt.
E.g., Headache is relieved by tight bandaging.
Colic better by banding double.

-> BESIDES THIS THERE ARE ALSO OTHER TYPES OF MODALITIES LIKE.

TIME MODALITY: Includes the time period, during which the intensity of the symptoms of the pt
aggravates.
E.g., Complaints aggravates at morning 4 a.m. – Nux Vomica.
A complaint aggravates at 4-9 pm – colocynthis.

ENVIRONMENTAL OR CIRCUMSTANTIAL MODALITY: It includes environment or climate (hot or cold) or

certain circumstances, which alters intensity of symptoms of the pt.
E.g., complaints aggravates in warm room – Apis melifica.
Complaints ameliorated in cold room and open air -- Allium Cepa.
Complaints due to sudden change of weather -- Dulcamara, etc.

QUESTION 10. DESCRIBE DRUG RELATIONSHIP IN DETAILS.

ANSWER:
-> The specific relationship among the homoeopathic remedies is of supreme importance ion
treatment of a pt.
-> It is useful especially in the second prescription.
-> Experiences have shown that some drugs not only follow well by other also, in some cases,
complete the action started by the initial remedy.
-> There are the other drugs, which do not follow but definitely harm a case, if given after initial
prescription.
-> There must have been occasions during the practice life of a physician when he might have
unwillingly selected an incompatible inimical remedy and had to antidote it immediately after, because
of the deteriorating condition of the pt.
-> Again, one must have seen how a well-selected remedy failed to cure a case completely till its
complementary medicine on symptom base was given
-> So. In treating a case one must take care in selecting a follow-up to the remedy already
prescribed by him.

There are mainly following relations between homoeopathic remedies:

COMPLEMENTARY: A remedy which completes or continues the action of the previous prescribed
remedy is known as the complementary remedy.
E.g., Nux Vomica and Sulphur
Apis Melifica and Nat. Mur.,

ANTIDOTE: remedy which antidotes or counter act or nullifies the harmful effects of the previous
remedy is known as antidote.
E.g., Nux Vomica and Coffea.
Bryonia and Rhus Tox.
 Camphor is antidote to almost all the drugs of vegetable kingdom.
Belladonna and opium.

A remedy may be both complementary & antidote when it continues the beneficial action of the
previous remedy, while checking its undesirable effects.

FOLLOWS WELL: A remedy follows well when it does not harm or act unfavorably against the previous
remedy.
E.g., Bryonia Alba follows well to Aconite, Nux Vomica.

INIMICAL: Drugs, which have a relation of enemy towards each other & therefore not follows each other
well.
E.g., Apis Melifica and Rhus Tox
Nux Vomica and zinc. Met

QUESTION 11. DIFFRENTIATE BETWEEN BIOCHEMIC OR HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINES.

HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM BIOCHEMIC SYSTEM

It was introduced by master Hahnemann. It was introduced by Dr.schussler.

It is based on law of similar It is based on the idea that any disturbances in the
“similia similibus curentur” molecular motion of cell salts in living, are due to
deficiency in their required amount, produces or
constitutes disease and this disease can be cure or
rectified by administering these same mineral salts
in small quantities and thus, required equilibrium
could be re-established.

In homoeopathy medicines are prepared from the
various sources like,
animal,vegeetable,mineral,nosodes,sarcodes, etc.
In homoeopathy compounding of the substances in
preparation of medicines is not allowed.
In homoeopathic there almost 3500 and above
medicines.
Medicines are prepared under decimal, centesimal
and 50-millesimal scale.
Various vehicle like, sugar of milk, globules, alcohol,
In this system medicines are prepared only from
mineral sources.
In biochemic system compounding of substances is
allowed.
In biochemic system, there are only 12 remedies.
Medicines are prepared under decimal scale only
While medicines are administered in tablet form in
oil, soap, etc are used for administration of the biochemic system of medicines.
medicines.

QUESTION 12 The Biochemical System of Medicine

Or
The Twelve Biochemic Cell Salt Remedies

Preview:
• Founder
• Philosophy
• Principles - System of Biochemical Medicine
• The 12 cell salts- ‘Category and Functions’
• Clinical use of tissue (cell) salts
• Diagnosis
• Case Study
• Conclusion

Founding Physician:
Dr. W. H. Schuessler MD
1821- 1898
Oldenburg, Germany

Philosophy-Natural Law:
“The structure and vitality of the organs depend on the presence of the
necessary quantities of the inorganic constituents.”

*Professor Molescott of Rome

In his works ‘Vital Circulation’

Philosophy of Health:
Health is the state of the body when all the various tissues are in a normal
condition; and they are kept in this state when they receive the requisite quantity of needful cell salts.
Disease is an altered state of the cell, produced by some irregularity in the supply to
the cells of one of the inorganic salts.

Overview: Biochemistry:
• Biochemistry means ‘Chemistry of Life’
• Biochemistry means ‘ Body in Health’
• Biochemistry has a system of medicine
Biochemistry would seek to ascertain what is lacking and supply it in the form needed.
Two kinds of substances are needed in he process of tissue building, and both are found in the blood,
namely the organic and the inorganic constituents.
Organic are: fats, sugar aluminous substance
Inorganic are: water and salts, namely potash, lime silica, iron, magnesium, and sodium.
Alfred Binet, a French scientist of note, in his work “The Psychic Life of Micro-organisms,” says:
“The micro-organisms do not nourish themselves indiscriminately; the choice is sometimes quite
defined……”
German scientist the great Virchow, published his work “Virchow’s Cellular Pathology” demonstrated
that the cells which build the human form also selects their own food from the material at hand, and that
nothing foreign to their
Constituent parts can be forced upon them, except to produce injury or death.
Though these notable scientists recorded and aided in advancement of cellar activities they did not lay
down the law of cure.
The work of formulating a system of medicine and proclaiming to the world the basic law of cure was at
last discovered remained from Dr. Schuessler.
It must be noted that the very essence of the system of medicine using biochemical cell salts, makes it
compatible with other forms of medical disciplines what ever they may be.

Principles of the Biochemic Cell Salts:

• The body is made up of cells.
• Different kinds of cells build up the different tissues and organs of the body.
• The difference in cells are largely determined by the kind of inorganic salts which enter
into there composition.
If we burn the body, or any tissue of it, we obtain ashes. These are the
inorganic constituents of the body, the salts of iron, magnesia, lime, etc.
They are the tissue builders, therefore, and both the structure and the vitality of the
body depend upon their proper quantity and distribution in every cell.

What is a Biochemical Remedy?

1. Inorganic Cell Salts (12 in number). *Prepared by Trituration.
2. Rendered fine enough to be absorbed by delicate cells wherever needed.
3. Binds with albumin to create form.
*An inorganic mineral salt does not lose its entity but is always the same substance, however
fine it may be pulverized, however many times it may be subdivided or however highly it may be
triturated.

The Twelve Biochemical Remedy categories

Phosphates…… Sulphates
of lime of Lime
of Iron of Soda
of Potash of Potash
of Soda

Magnesium Fluoride
of lime
Chlorides Pure Silicea
 of Potash
of Soda

The Twelve Cell Salt Remedies

Calcarea Phosphorica Calc Phos.

Ferrum Phosphoricum Ferrum Phos.
Kali Phosphoricum Kali Phos.
Naturum Phosphoricum Nat Phos.
Magnisium Phosphorica Mag Phos.
Kali Muriaticum Kali Mur.
Natrum Muriaticum Nat Mur.
Calc Sulphoricum Calc Sulph.
Natrum Sulphuricum Nat Sulph.
Kali Sulphuricum Kali Sulph.
Calcarea Fluorica Calc Fluor.
Silicea Silicea

Categories and Functions:

Calcium
Calc Phos. Makes bone
Calc Fluor. Strengthen Ligaments
Calc Sulph. Repair soft tissues

Natrum
Nat Mur Water balance
Nat Phos Ph balance
Nat Sulph Removes water molecule
Potassium (kali)
Kali Phos makes nerve tissue
Kali Sulph lubricates (spinal fluid)
Kali Mur makes fibrin
Magnesium
Motor functions - Mag Phos repairs muscle tissue
Iron
Makes red blood cells
Silicea
Hair, nails, skin

Biochemistry and Body Systems:

The inorganic material of:
Nerve Cells: Mag Phos, Kali Phos, Natrum, Ferrum
Muscle Cells: Add Kali Mur to the above list.
Connective tissue: Silicea (elasticity Calc Fluor)
 Bone Cells: Calc Fluor, Mag Phos …mostly Calc Phos.

Cell Salts: Clinical View:

Calc Fluor:
Bone surface, enamel of teeth, elastic fiber, cells of the skin
Ferrum Phos:
Colors the blood corpuscle red
Carries oxygen to all the tissues of the body
Kali Phos:
The grey matter of the brain is controlled entirely by this inorganic salt.

Biochemic Cell Salt-explained:

Kali Mur: Fibrin…Biochemistry clearly shows without the inorganic salt potassium chloride no
fibrin can be made…..normal amounts of fibrin cannot be held in proper solution in the blood without
the proper balance of this cell-salt.

Signs and Symptoms:

Ferrum Phos: Inflammation, fever, pain, congestion
Note: Without a proper balance of Iron in the blood health cannot be maintained.
Therefore: The onsets of most illnesses, acute in nature call for Ferrum Phos to insure a
cure.
Also: Most chronic illnesses become deficient in iron and require this salt to complete the cure

Quick view of Signs and Symptoms:

• Kali Mur: Cough with white tongue coating
And white phlegm
• Kali Phos: Mental fatigue causing insomnia
• Ferrum Phos: First stage on all inflammatory conditions of the bowels.
• Silicea: Injury to skin. All carbuncles, boils, ulcers, if deep seated and discharging thick yellow
pus.

Important Note:
• Biochemistry may be used for over the counter conditions such as colds, headaches, injuries,
burns, bug bites etc. Yet in the hands of a qualified physician it has a much greater value as in:
Epilepsy, diabetes, pneumonia, gout, cholera to name a few.

Diagnosis:
• Diagnosis is done through the system of Homeopathic medicine.
• It also has a logical protocol based on each cell salts specific contribution to the makeup of
the human body.
• Using cell salts for internal medicine takes commitment of study research and experience.
*An inorganic mineral salt does not lose its entity but is always the same substance,
however fine it may be pulverized, however many times it may be subdivided or however highly
it may be triturated.
Treatment Protocol Skin: boils-
-> First Stage: Ferrum Phos.
Inflammation, throbbing, pain congestion, fever.
->Second stage: Kali Mur swelling, no pus, before matter forms.
->Stage of suppuration: Silicea (know as the surgeon) Forms pus, causes abscesses to ripen, often
break.
-> Last stage: wound does not heal: Calc Sulph Torpidity of tissues-ulcer.

Protocol of Remedies Simple Fever:

Ferrum Phos: Chief remedy in all fevers, in all stages
Kali Mur: Secondary remedy with thick white tongue coating
Kali Phos: Purely nervous fevers with high temperature
Kali Sulph: Temperature in evenings to promote perspiration. In fevers from blood poisoning
Nat Mur: Hay fever, with watery discharge from eyes or nose.

Protocol 2 Diabetes:
Nat Sulph: An important remedy in all stages of diabetes. Excessive secretion of urine.
Kali Phos: Establish normal function of medulla oblongata and the pneumogastric nerve.
Ferrum Phos: Quick pulse, pain, heat, or congestion
Calc Phos: Polyuria with weakness thirst, dry
Kali Mur: Excessive and sugary urine
Nat Mur: Polyuria; great debility and despondency.
A beautiful monument was erected by his friends in recognition of his great contribution to
medical science.

Case Study 1 Clinical Burns:

->S/S-Patient was cooking with oil and received a severe burn on the arm.
->Ferrum Phos.-May be applied at first till pain ceases, but as soon as pain stops
->Kali Mur-Burns in any degree must be treated with this remedy internally and externally to
restore destroyed tissue.

Case Study 2 clinical Dysentery:

-> S/S-Constant urge to empty bowels, cramps, straining, fever, pain, loss of appetite
-> Kali Mur – Alternation with Ferrum Phos.(Stool hot and watery) is generally sufficient to cure
this disease if taken in time.
-> Kali Phos: Evacuated consist blood, delirious, putrid smell, abdomen swelling.

Case Study 3 Clinical Cholera:

->S/S
->Old man, attached with severe vomiting and diarrhea, cramps in calves, and rise water
discharge.
->Kali Phos. Cured (*Schuessler).
One dose of Kali Phos. Affected a cure after six hours. The speedy cure of this case of
choleric diarrhea would justify the belief that Kali Phos. Can be depended upon in cholera.
Dosage:
• Dosage is largely similar to the prescribing of homoeopathic remedies.
• Proscribing is also determined by reading case studies of Physicians such as:
• Dr. Schuessler
• Dr. Carey
• Dr. Nash

Conclusion:
• Biochemistry is the make up of the body
• Inorganic bind with organic
• Cell Salts are inorganic substances essential for maintaining health, and in the case of disease;
cure.
• Biochemical cell salts are a branch of homoeopathy and are prepared in the same way.

It’s simple!!!!
Workers – Specialists
– Calc Phos.
– Silica
– Nat Mur
– Kali Phos
*Inorganic cell salts binds basic protein albumin into specific build materials.
Construction Materials
– Cement (Bone)
– Frame (Skin)
– Plumbing (water metabolism)
– Electrical System
* Albumin function is determined by the cell salt (worker) it binds with.

Keep this in mind:

• Biochemistry has a natural thought process and once the basics are studied, diagnosis and
treatment follow a logical conclusion.
• Cell salt therapy is to be used either as sole curative agent or combined with known treatments
of other disciplines.

Remember This:
• Biochemistry has no side affects when prescribed properly and is compatible with all forms of
western and eastern medical treatments/
• Cell Salts are the primary nutrition of the cells and can also be used as a nutritional daily
supplement.