VIBRATIONS:

Q.1. Define vibration. What are its different types? Explain.

Q. 2. Explain different types of free vibrations.

3.derive an expression for the natural frequency of free longitudinal vibrations.

4.derive an expression for the natural frequency of free transverse vibrations.

5.derive an expression for the natural frequency of free torsional vibrations.

6.what are the causes, harmful effects and remedial measures of vibrations?
7.a cantilever shaft 50 mm diameter and 300 mm long has a disc of mass 100 kg at its free end.
The young's modulus for the shaft material is 200 gn/m2. Determine the frequency of
longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the shaft.

8.a shaft of length 0.75 m, supported freely at the ends, is carrying a body of mass 90 kg at 0.25
m from one end. Find the natural frequency of transverse vibration. Assume e = 200 gn/m2
and shaft diameter = 50 mm.

9.a shaft 50 mm diameter and 3 metres long is simply supported at the ends and carries three
loads of 1000 n, 1500 n and 750 n at 1 m, 2 m and 2.5 m from the left support. The young's
modulus for shaft material is 200 gn/m2. Find the frequency of transverse vibration

10.critical or whirling speed of a shaft

11.a shaft 1.5 m long, supported in flexible bearings at the ends carries two wheels each of 50
kg mass. One wheel is situated at the centre of the shaft and the other at a distance of 375 mm
from the centre towards left. The shaft is hollow of external diameter 75 mm and internal
diameter 40 mm. The density of the shaft material is 7700 kg/m3 and its modulus of elasticity is
200 gn/m2. Find the lowest whirling speed of the shaft, taking into account the mass of the
shaft.

12.a vertical shaft of 5 mm diameter is 200 mm long and is supported in long bearings at its
ends. A disc of mass 50 kg is attached to the centre of the shaft. Neglecting any increase in
stiffness due to the attachment of the disc to the shaft, find the critical speed of rotation and the
maximum bending stress when the shaft is rotating at 75% of the critical speed. The centre of the
disc is 0.25 mm from the geometric axis of the shaft. E = 200 gn/m2.
13.a vertical shaft of 5 mm diameter is 200 mm long and is supported in long bearings at its
ends. A disc of mass 50 kg is attached to the centre of the shaft. Neglecting any increase in
stiffness due to the attachment of the disc to the shaft, find the critical speed of rotation and the
maximum bending stress when the shaft is rotating at 75% of the critical speed. The centre of the
disc is 0.25 mm from the geometric axis of the shaft. E = 200 gn/m2.
14.an instrument vibrates with a frequency of 1 hz when there is no damping. When the damping
is provided, the frequency of damped vibrations was observed to be 0.9 hz. Find 1. The damping
factor, and 2. Logarithmic decrement
15.a mass suspended from a helical spring vibrates in a viscous fluid medium whose resistance
varies directly with the speed. It is observed that the frequency of damped vibration is 90 per
minute and that the amplitude decreases to 20 % of its initial value in one complete vibration.
Find the frequency of the free un damped vibration of the system.

16.a machine of mass 75 kg is mounted on springs and is fitted with a dashpot to damp out
vibrations. There are three springs each of stiffness 10 n/mm and it is found that the amplitude of
vibration diminishes from 38.4 mm to 6.4 mm in two complete oscillations. Assuming that the
damping force varies as the velocity, determine : 1. The resistance of the dash- pot at unit
velocity ; 2. The ratio of the frequency of the damped vibration to the frequency of the un
damped vibration ; and 3. The periodic time of the damped vibration.

17.magnification factor or dynamic magnifier

18.a single cylinder vertical petrol engine of total mass 300 kg is mounted upon a steel chassis
frame and causes a vertical static deflection of 2 mm. The reciprocating parts of the engine has a
mass of 20 kg and move through a vertical stroke of 150 mm with simple harmonic motion. A
dashpot is provided whose damping resistance is directly proportional to the velocity and
amounts to 1.5 kn per metre per second.considering that the steady state of vibration is reached ;
determine : 1. The amplitude of forced vibrations, when the driving shaft of the engine rotates at
480 r.p.m., and 2. The speed of the driving shaft at which resonance will occur.

19.a single-cylinder engine of total mass 200 kg is to be mounted on an elastic support which
permits vibratory movement in vertical direction only. The mass of the piston is 3.5 kg and has a
vertical reciprocating motion which may be assumed simple harmonic with a stroke of 150 mm.
It is desired that the maximum vibratory force transmitted through the elastic support to the
foundation shall be 600 n when the engine speed is 800 r.p.m. and less than this at all higher
speeds. Find the necessary stiffness of the elastic support, and the amplitude of vibration at 800
r.p.m., and if the engine speed is reduced below 800 r.p.m. at what speed will the transmitted
force again becomes 600 n?
A shaft of 100 mm diameter and 1 metre long has one of its end fixed and the other end carries
a disc of mass 500 kg at a radius of gyration of 450 mm. The modulus of rigidity for the shaft
material is 80 GN/m2. Determine the frequency of torsional vibrations.

A steel shaƒt 1.5 m long is 95 mm in diameter ƒor the ƒirst 0.6 m oƒ its length, 60 mm in diameter ƒor
the next 0.5 m oƒ the length and 50 mm in diameter ƒor the remaining0.4 m oƒ its length. The shaƒt carries
two ƒlywheels at two ends, the ƒirst having a mass oƒ 900 kg and 0.85 m radius oƒ gyration located at the
95 mm diameter end and the second having a mass oƒ 700 kg and 0.55 m radius oƒ gyration located at
the other end. Determine the location oƒ the node and the natural ƒrequency oƒ ƒree torsional vibration
oƒ the system. The modulus oƒ rigidity oƒ shaƒt material may be taken as 80 GN/m2.

a. Derive an expression for the frequency of free torsional vibrations for a shaft fixed at one end
and carrying a load on the free end.
b. Discuss the effect of inertia of a shaft on the free torsional vibrations.
c. How the natural frequency of torsional vibrations for a two rotor system is obtained ?
d. Describe the method of finding the natural frequency of torsional vibrations for a three rotor
system.
e. What is meant by torsionally equivalent length of a shaft as referred to a stepped shaft? Derive
the expression for the equivalent length of a shaft which have several steps.
f. Establish the expression to determine the frequency of torsional vibrations of a geared system.

A motor drives a centriƒugal pump through gearing, the pump speed being one- third that oƒ the motor.
The shaƒt ƒrom the motor to the pinion is 60 mm diameter and 300 mm long. The moment oƒ inertia oƒ
the motor is 400 kg-m2. The impeller shaƒt is 100 mm diameter and 600 mm long. The moment oƒ
inertia oƒ the impeller is 1500 kg-m2. Neglecting inertia oƒ the gears and the shaƒt, determine the
ƒrequency oƒ torsional vibration oƒ the system. The modulus oƒ rigidity oƒ the shaƒt material is 80
GN/m2.

A steel shaƒt ABCD 1.5 m long has ƒlywheel at its ends A and D. The mass oƒ the ƒlywheel A is 600 kg
and has a radius oƒ gyration oƒ 0.6 m. The mass oƒ the ƒlywheel D is 800 kg and has a radius oƒ
gyration oƒ 0.9 m. The connecting shaƒt has a diameter oƒ 50 mm ƒor the portion AB which is 0.4 m
long ; and has a diameter oƒ 60 mm ƒor the portion BC which ism long ; and has a diameter oƒ d mm
ƒor the portion CD which is 0.6 m long. Determine :the diameter ‘d’ oƒ the portion CD so that the
node oƒ the torsional vibration oƒ the system will be at the centre oƒ the length BC ; and 2. The natural
ƒrequency oƒ the torsional vibrations.The modulus oƒ rigidity ƒor the shaƒt material is 80 GN/m2.