1 In Cee nFlail Premise

2 Clan Fld ExistentialInstantiationfrom

3 Fed Simplificationfrom
4 Hr F x al Premise
5 Flat Llc UniversalInstantiationfrom
G Llc ModusPonensfrom and
7 Cle Simplificationfrom
8 C a r Llc Conjunctionfrom and
9 In CCR n L a ExistentialGeneralizationfrom

5 a Giveaproofbycontradictionof forall reR if a isirrationalthense is irrational

Hse Pla Q a KER
PGe x isirrational
Q a x isirrational QG x is rational

Q e n b 0 a tub la f ne Z I
g
is a whole number and a whole
8 E
c
numbermultipliedbyitselfcanonlygiveanotherwhole
b isrationalfor thesame reason as a b d d e Z
R d 0 la deal Thiscontradictsthedefinitionofirrational
g numbers This means that a andse haveto
bebothrationalnumbers
Bycontradiction the reverse isalsotrue
x and
see haveto
both beirrational
g
biGive a proofbycontrapositionof forallintegers n if 3m 5 iseventhenn isodd
An Pln QIn ne Z contraposition
p q q
P n 3m 5 is even Pln 3m 5 isodd
Q n n isodd Q ul n is even
Even n Za a e Z
Odd m 2b 1 be Z
Qu n Za ae I

3m 5 3 za 5
Ga 5
Ga G t 1
213 a 31 1
2b 1 b 3 a 31 EZ
7 aProvethat m't2m 36has nosolutioninpositiveintegers
m3 2n 36
2n 36 m3
w
3621
n
135Mt
36 m z o 136 m cannotbenegative
362m m hasto besmallerorequalto 36

me I I 36 1 I 4.18
mi 23 8 36 ma 3611 351 117.5 42

14.5 I
m
36227 15 2.12 42

Thereforethere is no solution inpositiveintegers

b Provethat forevery ne z n't n is even

I
Odd m 2b 1 b e Z

sea er 12
n o
381,1 Ezec I era 112
n't n za za 2 4 a za 2s 6 4 at al e z
n't n 2b 1 28 11 482 48 1 2ft 1 t 12b t 11
883 484862 4b 2ft It 2b 1
2.463 2682 2 48 2
2d d 48366448 11 EZ
n't n 1 2al 1 2at 21 4a'l 2 a 2c 6 4a a e z
n't n f cabtail'tf cabtail 2b It c 2b 11
4b 48 11C 2b 1 2b 1
883 482882 4b 28 1 2b 1
214831 21 684 21 487 2611
2d d 443 6824f 1 e z
Thus we can see that n't n willalwaysbe even regardlessof thevalueofn