Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CODES
A code gives guidelines about the subject.It tells
rejection and acceptance part of it. EX: ASME
SEC VIII DIV 1
Standards is for specific product and gives
guarantee for quality of that product. EX: ANSI B
16.5
Regulations are government imposed
rules.EX:IBR
PRESSURE PIPING CODES B 31
B 31.1 POWER PIPING.
Piping typical found in electric power generation stations, in
industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and
central and district heating and cooling systems,
B 31.3 PROCESS PIPING.
Piping typically found in petroleum refineries chemical,
pharmaceutical , textile , paper semiconductor , and cryogenic
plants, and related processing plant and terminals,
B 31.4 PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR
LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER LIQUID .
Transporting products, which are predominately liquid between
plants and terminal and within terminals, pumping ,and metering
stations.
B 31.5 REFRIGERATION PIPING.
Piping for refrigeration and secondary coolants.
B 31.8 GAS TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION
PIPING SYSTEMS.
Piping transporting product which are predominately gas between
sources and terminals.including compressor, regulating,and metering
station, and gas gathering pipelines,
B 31.9 BUILDING SERVICES PIPING.
Piping typically found in industrial ,institutional,commercials,and
public building and in multi-unit residences
B 31.11 SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEM
Piping transporting aqueous slurries between plants and terminal,and
within terminal and within terminal, pumping, and regulating stations.
SCOPE OF B31.3
a) This Code prescribes requirements for Materials and components,
design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection,
and testing of piping.
b) This code applies to piping for all fluids, including:
1) Raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals;
2) Petroleum products;
3) Gas, steam, air, and water;
4) Fluidized solids;
5) Refrigerants;
6) Cryogenic fluids (-151o to –425oF).
EXCLUSIONS OF B31.3
This code excludes following:
• Piping systems design for internal gauge pressures at or
above zero but less than 105kPa (15psi), provided the
fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not
damaging to human tissue and its design temperature is
from –29oC (-20oF) through 186oC (366oF);
• Power boiler s in accordance with BPV code Section-I
and boiler external piping which is required to confirm
to B31.1
• Tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired
heaters, which are internal to the heater enclosure; and
• Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors,
and other fluid handling or processing equipment,
including internal piping and connections for external
piping.
DESIGN PRESSURE
The design pressure of each component in a piping system shall be
not less than the pressure at the most severe condition of coincident
internal or external pressure (Minimum or Maximum) expected
during service
DESIGN TEMPERATURE
The design temperature or each component in a piping system is the
coincident temperature,under the coincident pressure, the greatest
thickness or highest component rating is required.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE
The design minimum temperature is the lowest component
temperature expected in service.
FLUID CATEGORY ON B 31.3
CATEGORY D
A) The fluid handled is non flammable,non toxic ,and not damaging to
human tissues.
B) The design gauge pressure does not exceed 150 Psi and
temperature is from –29 c to 186 c.
C) Example water,air.(testing of the system not stringent.)
CATEGORY M
A fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged
to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small
quantity of a toxic fluid,caused by leakage,can produce serious
irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even
when prompt restorative measures are taken.
Example .H2 SO4, CL2 Gas (Thread flanges are not recommended. Low
pressure testing is also one of the requirement.
HIGH PRESSURE FLUID SERVICE –K CATEGORY
If the pressure is in excess of 2500 rating for specified design
temperature and material group.
PRE-ENGINEERING
SURVEY
EQUIPMENT
LAYOUT
PIPING GENERAL
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS MATERIAL TAKE OFF
ARRANGEMENT
PIPE SUPPORT
FABRICATION GAD PURCHASE
DRAWINGS SPECIFICATION
PRE-CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
INSTALLATION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
- BLOCK DIAGRAM SHOWS UNIT OPERATIONS AND
UNIT PROCESSES INVOLVED.
•Types of pigs
1) cleaning pigs:equipped with wire brushes or blades
to do the cleaning
2) sealing pigs:used during hydrostatic testing of
pipelines
LAUNCHER & RECIEVER
SCRAPPER TEE
TYPICAL SCHEMATIC OF PROCESS LINE.
TEST PIPE
SEPERATOR. SEPERATOR.
OIL
CI + GAS FROM
WATER
+ SERVICE GAS HEADER.
GAS
PRODUCTION MANIFOLD. HEAT EXCHANGER. LAUNCHER
TO PROCESS
CRUDE OIL MIXTURE HEATED GAS CI PLATFORM
TO CONSUMER (OIL+WATER+GAS)
(OIL+WATER+GAS) LINES.
CHRISTMAS
TREE.
OIL WELL
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM
1.5”-DH-A1N-1129-
tf
th = Header thickness
tf = Fillet size ( 0.7 x th or 6mm whichever is less)
t = Full penetration weld size = (th)
tw = Minimum total weld size = (t + tf)
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