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FinalPosterISEF - PPTX 2
FinalPosterISEF - PPTX 2
Antibiotics are vital in reducing infectious diseases in humans, livestock, and animals
Developing Homeopathic Solutions to Minimize Antibiotic Procedure (Summarized)
worldwide. However, numerous infections including tuberculosis, salmonellosis,
pneumonia, and gonorrhea are becoming harder to treat as antibiotic resistant
Resistance to Tetracycline Through the tetB and tetM Genes Concentration gradient to test for homeopathy
genes and increasing the zone of inhibition for penicillin, ampicillin, and
Lavender 4B 0 0 0 0 0
presence of antibiotic resistance and that the mutation is very prevalent near these
Cinnamon 1A 3 4 7 8 5
areas.
streptomycin
4. 100% concentration of oil will be a safe homeopathic solution to be sprayed
Cinnamon 1B
Cinnamon 2A
2
2
4
2
5
4
7
5
5
3
Most promising solution: Cinnamon essential oil at 10% concentration
on plants Cinnamon 2B 4 4 6 8 4
Cinnamon 3A 0 0 0 3 3
Cinnamon 4A 1 1 1 2 1
The zone of inhibition test was concluded to test for antibiotic resistance to penicillin,
1. The treatments will not rid the eDNA of the tetB or tetM genes if originally ampicillin, and streptomycin. Similarly, eDNA extraction, a polymerase chain reaction,
Cinnamon 4B 1 1 1 4 3
inhibition for penicillin, ampicillin, and streptomycin Control 1B 1 1 1 1 0 Control 2A 0 0.7 2.7 No No
would be no change in antibiotic resistance between the treatment and control groups.
Control 2A 4 4 4 4 0 Control 0 0.6 2.167
Similarly, between the cinnamon and control groups, there was statistical significance
Control 2B 0 0 2.9 No
for both the ampicillin and penicillin groups (0.02 and 0.04, respectively).
Engineering Goals
Lavender 0.583 1.02 2.15 Control 3B 0 1 2.3 No No
Control 3A 0 0 0 0 0
Lavender 1A 1.2 1.3 1.9 Yes No No
Furthermore, the bacteria present in the zone of inhibition before and after treatment
Control 3B 2 2 2 2 0 Lavender 1B 0.6 0.8 1.4 Yes No No
Cinnamon 0.733 1.317 2.2
1. Determine if the engineered solution is more effective at reversing the Control 4A 2 2 2 2 0 Lavender 2A 1.1 2.2 Yes No
inhibition for ampicillin, penicillin, and streptomycin Gel Electrophoresis Data Cinnamon 1B
Cinnamon 2A
0
0.9
1.4
1.3
2.8
1.9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
present), and 15.9% no antibiotic resistance (no bacteria in the zone of inhibition). In
3. Create a solution at the right concentration that will not harm the plants Cinnamon 2B
Cinnamon 3A
0.6
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
comparison, the mixed group had 41.7% partial antibiotic resistance and 58.3% no
Treatment tetB tetM DNA extracted
Cinnamon 3B
Mix 1A
1.1
0
1.2
0
2.3
2.4
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
antibiotic resistance. They further indicated a decrease in antibiotic-resistant bacteria in
Lavender Yes Yes Yes
Mix 1B 0 1.1 2.2 Yes No No
the treatment groups. Finally, cinnamon and the mix reversed the antibiotic gene for
Future Research
Lavender Yes No Yes Mix 2A 1.4 1.7 3.5 Yes No No
tetracycline in all of the PCR’s conducted but only sometimes in the lavender group.
Lavender No Yes Yes Mix 2B 1.5 1.3 2.7 Yes No No
Cinnamon No No Yes Mix 3A NA NA NA
1. Evaluate how effective the treatments are at reversing different antibiotics Cinnamon
Cinnamon
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Mix 3B NA NA NA Therefore, partially supporting the hypothesis that the treatment groups would
including aminoglycosides or cephalosporins Mix No Yes Yes
Control 4A
Control 4A
0
0
0
1.3
1.3
1.7 Yes
Yes
Yes
decrease the presence of the tetB and tetM genes.
Mix No Yes Yes
2. Compare the efficiency of lavender and cinnamon to other possible solutions Mix No No Yes Control 5A 0 0 1 No
Conclusion
Control 6A 0 0.4 1.4 Yes Yes
Control Yes Yes Yes
More and more bacteria are growing resistant to antibiotics meant to kill them.
Control Yes Yes Yes Control 4B 0 1 1.9 Yes Yes
4. Engineer more complicated mixes of homeopathic agents and compare Positive Control Yes Yes Yes Control 5B 0 1.1 1.4 Yes Yes
Positive Control Yes Yes Yes Control 5B 0 1 1.4 Yes No
These bacteria can pick up antibiotic-resistant genes through horizontal or vertical gene
efficiency Positive Control Yes Yes Yes
Control 6B 0 0 1.3 Yes
Positive Control
Positive Control
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Control 6B 0 1.4 1.5 Yes Yes transfer, and through evolution by natural selection, these genes have become more
Positive Control Yes Yes Yes Control 4C 0 0 1.2 No
abundant. Bacteria not being killed by antibiotics leads to increasing the number of
Bibliography
Control 4C 0 0 1.4 No
Negative Control No No No
Control 5C 0 0 1.4 Yes infections, higher hospital bills, and increased risks of death or disability. To solve this
issue, the experiment attempted to find homeopathic solutions that could decrease the
Negative Control No No No Control 5C 0 0.5 1.5 Yes Yes
Al-Kalbani, A., Menezes-Blackburn, D., Al-Siyabi, B., Al-Kasbi, M., & Al-Busaidi, A. (2022).
Can the irrigation of soils with Amoxicillin-enriched water cause the proliferation of Bacteria resistant to antibiotics among culturable heterotrophic aerobic soil bacteria?
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Negative Control No No No
TetB and TetM Genes Control 6C
Control 6C
0
0
0.4
1.1
1.7
1.6
Yes
Yes
No
Yes presence of an antibiotic resistance (AR) gene in the microorganisms of soil samples.
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Treatment tetB tetM DNA extracted
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length and complicity of the DNA extraction process may have affected the results.
66% Yes 33% 66% Yes 33%
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Cinnamon 100% No 100% No 100% Yes
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Mix 100% No
83% Yes 17%
No 100% Yes
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https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance (Photos taken by researcher)