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         ! " #

$%& ' ( )* + , -./ 0 !1   0 # 2  ' ( )*
 *. 0 (89) 4 # 1 5  !#   -6 .0 /
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Y B# -! T  '= Y;C U*C* % $6 #   =.

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 # ^"   ""  ?% 0*! 0& Y   -6  \ 5 
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Abu Maryam 2015

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$<! *%*  @"" A =/ # @A! ""= *% (KS) "" :(  6

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Abu Maryam 2015

 % "rI ":$6  0
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. 0& "& 0 I  = $& 0 % ' ? > 5 "D* ."* !

0 6!& Y = -" . 0& N # f V<& T   :( 
0*! Y $" ^  " . "=* .+ , C  ; " .
e* (SF) *% (@") ! $; W 0; & - "#   '= A! #"%
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:$* %"# (8J88) "" '= A!

0 ;C  D '= A! "BD  ; & . 8J88 = (SFu8KK9)
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.* i= # *.& " % 0 1. # SF = (8J88u8KK9)

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 r0x e -)# 0 2 < $! 0   W $% :$x. *6 %* _L
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.(2 <) ! $;

W *% ( C& %* KE8 = (9j+E8+88)

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# 2  U  '  "=* "#= ":P N" # 
$ =& 0 ;  $   =  Y  (   I" #= -* "* "B
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Abu Maryam 2015

 !  $ ! * ( H# ( H ./  Y5* %  Y
)* ../ "** 0 $  0& # Y  5! !. " -#  B
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( b" -y ƒ./ q  -W !d „ d bCy *y by ƒb ƒ-!d ƒ„= y d ƒy c&ˆ*y ƒ-!d „ b" ƒ-!d „ d cy c!&ˆ -y ƒ*y c 0 [ ƒ*„ c y*
."Œ-by Œ*d5e „ Vy  0qp#„ -‹ c6/ q P ‰ b  y „ W y ƒe
„ ‰ By y c y b# d ƒC 0 [ y #„

Abu Maryam 2015

 :: &  ! "#   $% :

(-*) V*D ' (-*) '  V*D 0 4 # !   
%* LFF = (EJ+LS+Lj+L9+LG+LF+LE+LL+L8+LK) :U* 0*!
-* ...2H -*":'  V*D V# $A @ -* *%* (#=) ! $; *%
# 0 ZB ; .      0& = * .".. !&
;D $;W 0
; & %  5* ( * (LFF) *% .! ; . - & ""= 0&
.(LFF) ( C& *%

-%*  # -!" 0 *5! 0 2H -*": !    ; &*
: *% U* 0*! *;. # )D* #* "0* *
1 5 SSJ = (KKE+KKL+KK8+KKK+KKJ+KJS+KJj+KJ9+KJG)
: 4 U* *% "" % 0& % %

SSJ = (@% $;+KJ+ * $;+S)

V*D V# $A @ -* *%* SSJ = (8Kj @%+KJ+9FL *+S)
".. !& -* ...2H -*":' 

0 *. ""= *% %* KKE *% *;. # (0* *) ! 
0
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:: 
   

@"" A =/  )= -*  2., 0  (KS) "" 0 ;  D
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r "...d !& -y *"'  V* (KS) "" D=

# -!" 0 *5! 0 2H -*": !  U* 0& < 0& .
(SSJ) :*% "0* * -%* 

Abu Maryam 2015

" !& -*":'  V*D 0 "-*"!  # C " U* 0*! V=*
 5C& * ."= .":$; W *% %* KKJF = (KKF+SSJ) *%
:U* 0& 1 5 0*! " !&"!

."= . )=":$;

W *% %* K88K = (KKG+KKJF)

' "2H -*":'  V*D 0 !  U* " 0& ( = 2&
V*D V# $A @ -* *%* (#=) $;
W *% % 0
; &* LFF *% "...-*"V*D
!r".. !& -* ...2H -*":' 

V*D 0 *;. # !  U* 0*! 0& ( = 2&

*% " !& -*":$* 0& $D @& "0* *":'  V*D ' "2H -*":' 
-   @ 0 Y.  *% @* $*A h  0= ;W "" %* SSJ
!r)  

*% "-*":'  V*D ' !  U* 0*! 0& ( = 2&
*%* (K88K) *% " !&"'  V*D '* ."= ."$; *%* (KKJF)
"" $ !> 0*! 0& $  ' %  >& !r"= . )="$; W
!r"" ;6 )*  ;6

N" B. % !* 6! \ 5W "H  *. 0 (L) Ž 0 ;
0= 0 ; & *C '= -! 0 # "*   51 4 ?% D= '=
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> 0 ! " ) * @ U > * 2   VD=*  $* " 0
$ $H. *" $*A C   5, ;"" D I"/ V "
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0. ""= *": ! -; 6 ";D P"B -&  * -8J88 $H. $*A"
"" H = i '= I" YC "B/ % 1* "LJS .*
$H. $*A $* ZB N* 0 V.  ' N % # Cp* .
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.V =  (  T  )# -! *H. I $

:: *+ ()  ' ::

Abu Maryam 2015

 @&  4 ! *  ; (S) -! 0 # () ! !
>
(  I*1   2  # 0<&*" :  *. 0 (89) 4 # . 
N ! ?% %1  %* ."= # $! 0 01  C $! '=*
.() M *;. .

(89) 4 -D ! ""= C p# ! (KE) *% 4 ?% ! ""=
:   0*!

.(L9j) = (89×KE)

:89 ' K 0 ""=, U* *% (L9j) "" 0& ?  #*

.L9j = (89+...+L+8+K)

% C p#  ; (S) *% -! 0 # () ! ! 0 D
:   0*! () ! $;
W  !

# "* ! %  ,* .  ! 0& '. >* (L9j) = (E8×S)
. *. 0 (89) 4

&;* *" : (8G) 4   *. #  $* N" &"
 * "... )* m $  0" : (L9) 4  )* "...  0 ! -%/
0*! 4 ?% - D&
.L9j = (L9+LG +LF+LE+LL+L8+LK+LJ+8S+8j+89+8G):U*

:1 5 0*! (9j) *%*  *.  ""= (L9j) "" ' 5C& 
.EFG = (9j+L9j)

. *. #  !  *% %*

:04*

!r "H  *. 0 L 4   *. 0 89 4 D= 

-8J88 - = $H. $*A*    ?W .& % * EFG "" *% 

!r

Abu Maryam 2015

 :: ,-.  /-. 0# ::

%* (KKE) *% "H  *. # (0* *) !  0 ;  (  . D
U* 0*! ! ?% "=* .V * V ! 0= ; -! 0 *. ""=
*% "0* *": $ { * A= V*D ' "...2H -*":'  V*D 0 ! 
D= # . 5.& ! "...2H -*"$*A h  0= ; "" *%* (SSJ)
r  *. 0 (89) 4 `*B  V* '=*   51 ! ?%

:  0*! (89) 4 -D "" % ' 5C& * SGL *% "0* *"$;
W
.I" -* "" %* SSJ = (89+SGL)

! "* *" !d - ?% "H   # "0* *"! 0; & ? > 5
-%*  # -) * 0 > ": *. 0 KFJ 4 # 
% *% # (8E8F) *% "0* * -%*  #" = $; W 0p# V=* "* *
r""

V=*  *. 0 (KjS) 4 % () 5 )# "*  $*&
." $ % * "H  *. 0 (L) 4 .  4 ""= 0*!
  4 ""= ; & . (E9F) *%  *. 0 4 I ' 04
   % *  *. 0 (89) 4 '* "H  *. 0 (L) 4
: U* 0*! V=* (KSFJ) *)# () 5 )# !

."0* * -%*  # ":$; *%* 8E8F = (E9F+KSFJ)

! U* 0& _ @"" A =/ B % _  ! # !

*% -! 0 # (..-!* H* 0* (  & - & ( * -*) :  5&
(-*)0= N" .  4 ""= 0,  #> & %* (E9F)
  5, U* *% _ 5 "* !_ " !& -* ...2H -*"$ !>
.-! 0 # (-*) 5

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:0
; & @& .i, - & 0 ( * (8F) *% 2 -* 0
; ,  ;. * KS @&
.E9F = (8F×KS)

*. 0 (L) 4   4 ""= #   ""  ?%
: *% %* (KSFJ) *%* "H 

Abu Maryam 2015

 . *.  ""= *% (9j) "" 0& '. >* (9j×8F)

*% %* LjSF *% "0* * -%*  # -!" 0 *5! 0 2H -*":$; W

*% "" % 0
; & 1 5 !r8JF "" *% # KS "" 8JF P= C
0 L9 4 ' 8G 4 0 @&  *. #   ! U*
. *.

-D "" % ' 5C& p# (Lj8G) :*%  *. 0 (89) 4 $;
W
LjSF = (E8 +89+Lj8G) :  0*!  ! $; W * 4

: *% *;. ?% $;

W .* **  *. # ()  5 "*

$*D "" % ' 5C& * j8E = (E8 +EEE *+LLj )
:  0*! "#=  " : -.* V= m 'B $*.

. )= ":'  V*D $; 

W *% %* K88K = (LS9 #= +j8E)
2H -* ":'  V*D 0 " !&"! "= ! U* ( C& *%* ."=
." "=  ! " !& -* 0* * -%*  # -!" 0 *5! 0
. 5.& ! #= -* 0 ! 0" $ ! 0& '. >* ."H  *. 0 L Ž

-!" -! !& -* 0* * -%*  # -!" 0 *5! 0 2H -*"
" " -./ -! C*  -!= &*

?% i   & 0&  .* ."H  *. 0 L 4 i ?%
_ 4 # ! ?) !   &   04* .*. # !
[K]jKJ= (FJ+ES+…L8+LK) :*% U* 0& ".# _*;. # 2*
#= -* A )&  = '= (#= -*) $;
W "" % ' 5C& *
:  0*!

K88K = (EKK+jKJ)

! ""= 0 D .r  *. 0 (89) 4  (K88K) "" D=  0!*
I* . # (FK) *% )#* ""=* ! (KE) *%  *. 0 (89) 4
: ""  ?%

(KJF) :*% (KE) ' (K) 0 ""=, U*

Abu Maryam 2015

 (KL8G) :*% (FK) ' (K) 0 ""=, U*

:% 0D 0 "" D 0*! V=*

KL8G = (K88K+KJF)

  5&* "H  *. 0 (L) 4 0 H  C  D i ?%
*. 0 (89) 4 # "* () 5 %  * -! 0 #
D $! 0
; & " P*. % 0 .?% ." # 2 ., % * 
# () ! 0& " P*.*  *. 0 (89) 4 # $ ! ;C 
! )# *. # ) `*B  V* '=* B ;%&  *.
." # ( =  % H = "" )* (EFG) -D

* "H  *. 0  6* '*, 4 0& ' ( & ? > 5 "*
-* -/ - !& i $* N" ?% ." $ 6 6 4 .
:    m H 

y ƒe
„ ƒ-!d ƒ„=
y '„cW y q -[ y c1ˆ c dy [)y ƒ-!d „ c 
b &€ "b *dW c [ *d#ƒ*&ˆ *dy  0 y b )y v &ˆ y )
y Hq y „ *‡ b d > *dy  0 y b )y v&  ."W [W y -W !d ƒy Vy  0q Œ-W  W ƒ-d c&ˆ*y "b ƒB } b W

( ƒC#„ 0 y *df„ ƒy -y y
y c „ ƒy c 0
y † >y* "y Hq „c >y* @ y ƒ")y c >y* -y y y c y ƒ)   >y* Vb 
0
[= y ƒ-!d *v"B y ƒ0&ˆ -‹ ƒ*D„ 0 W \„
„ ƒ-!d y [ ƒy >y* *W" „ ƒB #„ ƒ-d c„ y „q*y ( y*ƒC[ *y ƒ-)[ †y ƒ0b
.(...*W"„ ƒ„ ƒ0&ˆ -[ y y c "b 
[ ƒ.y c

0= 2* -* % 0= N;" 4 0, (#= -*)$;

W % 5C& [K]
.

$1 23 ::
@= F9j8 #* M%KEEL #* -8J88$H. $*A $   )D=*
::

0 P1 P)! BD 0& #* (Kj) *% PB # P)! *. 
4  P* 0 (KEJK) )#* U* * B )* . (Kj)
BD # ""= A&* .PB   # (8KGG) 4 % ?%* (8G)
N6 -)5)! # *6* " :P)! B& N ;" *%* (LJS) *% P)!
0. ""= **"  ! # ;B# "D* .P)!8F" . *""A* 0. H 
#* -8J88 YD* $H. $*A VD= )* "" % .& " .*

Abu Maryam 2015

 (D) ." H  *C '= *% @* @= F9j8 #* M% KEEL
.( =) 2*

 ** ./ N"&* PB  # (K9) *. % ./ *.

-** (KS) *% - *. * .0 .# .;" i,   *.
0*! >  # .0 .# # ( C& % -. )= '.=* - BD N"& 0 ;&
 I % 0
;  $ !r ( C& 0 .# # P)! BD @& (Kj) *. N"&
?) "5. m  0* .2"   B  P)! "** ( D Z ; 
.;B5 ." 1.

ZB Vp# I  'BD,  # P)! "** $  0 ? D  Z ; B 
i, 0 H./ " .#/ $*A P)! B D= "** -*)5 0
% ) @* .D F9j8 #* M%KEEL #* -8J88 - = ! 
:1. ?)  ""  i ' ? > 5

: ) \ 5 "" )* ( # KEJK *% P)! BD P* ""= : >
( *&

 * 0 VC * *. A N_ ./ - = 0 0. ""= ( &

: *% -8J88 - = ' _!  i, # H./ " .#/  
.KEJK = (G8Ku8J88)

# "* (06) ! 0&  Y KEJK = "0*=* 06* 0 5&":$;

W (
.(06) * (0 6) :!% PB -.

+KEJK) :   0*! (P)! *.) $; W KEJK "" ' 5C&  (M
 6 " # % \ 5 ( C& "" )* KjJj = (EJ9 P)! *.
.4

""  ?% I* .-8J88 -  #* KEEL @) -  :(  6
: .   B

[K](KjJj) *% "0*&* N6* H &* P&":$; (&

0. H  N6" :'  V*D $;

W 0
; & % (KjJj) ""  6 1 5 (
.(&) " # "*   Y KjJj = " . *""A*

Abu Maryam 2015

 0*! (LJS) "" V 5C&  V<& % (KjJj) "" 6 6 1 5 (M
: 

! $;W V P CW 8J88 V< r"" % *% # 8KK9 = (LJS+KjJj)
N6) $;W ' (LJS) 5C&   ; & 8KK9 = (SF@" +8J88) :(@")
0 ! ""= 0&  . ." # %  5 "# ( . *""A* 0. H 
LJS *% "-)5)! # *6* ":'  V*D " (N6) ! '* P)! BD "
": @& ;  fB  "D "-)5)! # *6* ":'  V*D "   0&  
."H # 0 I " >* (LJS) @& ""= fB* " . *""A* 0. H  N6

N6* H &* P&":$;

W ( C& *% @* KjJj ""  1 5 ("
LGF = (KEELuKjJj) : *% (KEEL) * (KjJj) 0 5 0& "0*&*
# 1. ?% $B5 "* .[8];. ;. - & ""= *% % 0& -**
. "LJS .* 0. ""= *":  !

?% * (8G) 4 "= ) P)! *. # P)! BD 0 D :( 6 6
!r "" % *% # 8KGG *% PB # 4

: KS "" KKE P= C *% 8KGG "" ( &

?%* .-! 0 *. ""= *% (KKE) 0& % #* 8KGG = (KKE×KS)
.-  % # )=  >  "

+8J88) :  0*!.# (") ! $;

W 8J88 "" ' 5C&  (
[L]8KGG = (KEE "

! 0&  *. 0 (89) 4 0= N" "=  ! 0& .
*. *;. '. "=* PB # "  !  & % )# ()
! %& I"   * @& ;5D* *. .& 0& - "=* 
L9j "" D= <;  0&  .* ! . *. 0 (89) 4 # ()
(9j+L9j)   0*!  *.  ""= V 5C&  V&* (89) 4 
. *. #  !  *% % 0& # 0 !* EFG =

V* '=* P)! B VD= * rEFG"" .& % #

$*A VD=    * (8G) 4 %* B #    `*B 
.r -8J88 - = $H.

Abu Maryam 2015

 '= (K) . 0& 0! $; W  # (H ) ! A% 0&  Y [K]
0* .  '= -. )&  = '= (KJ) . 0& 0!* A% )&  =
(K) "" )D 0*!   * A% $;W  # % = -A )! 6* #
. (N6) !% PB # -. (N6) ! 0 ; & ' ? > 5 0 " > -6 .

0& N LGF = (KKJ+8L9 P)! B&+Kj ) :U* ( C& *%* [8]
.P)! B& *. ( C& '. * P)! *.  ""= *% ( KKJ)

"  $! %* .P& 0*" ); W . (") ! 0&  Y [L]
-.  -A> ' $ , : * !r  ; & ."" 6* $! #
))  ! 0 "* 0!* PB # " ! " -* .
!% ) 2 !  ; . -! 0 # "* * (" ) :$6
0 '  V*D # ("M) !% !#  P "   ; & .(" )
* (") 0& -** ""M # -5 > -"=* **" :$ 5, *.
.- " P, )# P -! 0 # + & 6& I %* .( C&

:: 567 , 4  ::

:$*  . -! 0 ( D 

4 ?% 0
; & 1 5 0*!  EFG P)! *. 0 (8G) 4 ' 5C& 
$
{ ! '=* >(  I*1   2 < # 0<&*": *. 0 (89) 4 %
! % ( ) ! 0; & ' & 0& .* "= ; # $! 0 01  C
@* P)! *. 0 (8G) 4 0 ; &*  *. !  # EFG
.M%KEEL #* -8J88 -    ""= .& '=

$)# r [K] (EFG+8J88)  *. 0 (89) 4 ' 5C& *  #

: !r EFG ""* 8J88 ""  D= ; Ž 0*!.

. )# () 5 "** (89) 4  D= V  *. -. 0& ZC*
5 "** "" *. 0 (8F) 4  D= V "" *. -. 0; & ZC**
!r ""*  *. 0 04 0 D # .( C& )# ("")

%"= 0*!  (EFG+8J88)  *. 0 (89) 4 ' 5C& 
! -) A&*    . .& "":%* "" *. 0 (8F) 4
-* 2  Y# * "" 21 V# "" A&* . .  2
W < -* 0A*

Abu Maryam 2015

 # ""= \ 5 "= I %* "AA= @*D m 0
; f  V.* ?B 0 m
:4 ?%

."" *. # "" 0= N" )<, 4 ?) ;B*B 0 " > _K
$ . 0 ! 0= N"  <  X0< ' 4 .D 0! V&  #*
N"#  6 < ; & .( .) !  % )*  ! $A* $.
% * * (A  ' V# * VBH B * "" B= 0=
. B*    *C

% 0*! 0& 0! $)# (EFG) *% "" *. # (0A) !  _8
."  5B # ZC 0& $1  % r( A ""

0
; & -** (F9 "" 8F) :!% k*)*  -  # 4 <6* _L
:U* 0*! V=* .*.  #* *%* F9 *% ("") $; W
.KLS ( C& *% (0A) 5 $;
W 0
; & % #* KLS = (F9+F9+8F)

"" 21 V# "" A&*":PB -. #* 4 0  6 < $; W _E
LEGF *% "AA= @*D m 0 ;   f  V.* ?B 0 m -* 2  Y5*
-  0
; & '. >* LEGF = (KEEL+8J88) *% "" % 0 ; & % 1 5*
.-8J88 -  #* *% M%KEEL

KSEj) - D, 0
; & " P*.# "" *. " 0 P, "= &"  _F
."" *. 0 8F 4 # Y (8J88 KSG9

# 8JJE *% ("") !  ) ' "" *. " 0 P, ""= _G

@& V;
W V ( # C EFG "" *% "" % 0
; & 1 5 r"" % *%
.KFEj *%* "0*. * .* H &"$; W

.8JJE = (KFEj+EFG)

."" *. # (8JJE) P 0 ! ("") ! # P   ' _9

(8F) 4 # (2 ) ! # 0* P *)# *. # (8J88) P ; &
: ""  ?% I* .( C&

(L99E) *% *! (2 ) ! # 0* P '8F 4 $;

W
L99E = (LJS+KEEL+8J88): V< r "" % *% #

Abu Maryam 2015

 : 1 5 ?% I*

k%"* $ *. 0 (KJL) 4 % PB  # (8JJE) 4

!$;1# (L99E) *% 4 ?% $;
W 0
;&

 # (EFG) 4 $;

W ' (8JJE) "" 5C& *  *
m "= " -% ": 0= $ *. 0 (KGL) 4 % * PB
: (KEGF) *% 4 ?% $;
W r"0*  B m*

r "" % *% # LEGS = (8JJE+KEGF)

V.5 "" V 5C& p# (KjJj) *% "0*&* N6* H &* P& ": $;
W
= (8Kj @%+KEEL+KjJj) :   0*! (@%) ! $; W -6 (KEEL)
LEGS

.(EFG) ""  D= ) ("") * (0A) ! 0& % # #

0
; & #= * .(8F) 4 # Y "" *. # 8J88 P 0 D _j
 ) ' P, ""= 0 ; &  % 0
; p# 8FJF *% "" *. P& ""=
:4 "" % # #* EjL = (8J88u8FJF) :*% *.

0*! (89) 4 -D V ( # C (EFG)  *. #  !  (&
.EjL = (89+EFG) : 

V=* (  . C*& ! (KE) *%  *. 0 (89) 4 ! ""= (

:0*!

.L9j = (89+...L+8+K) *% 89 ' K 0 ""=, U*

: V=* .KJF = (KE .....L+8+K) *% KE ' K 0 ""=, U*

.EjL = (KJF+L9j)

*. -! 0 # "* >*  (9j)*%  *.  ""=
% *. ?% 0 (S) 4* (0) *. +*. 4 ""= # )6 
:4 4 ?% # #* "0A *.  >* .  0A* *D&*":

Abu Maryam 2015

  0& (  . >* (89) *% 0 *. # 0A !  _K
(89) 4 #  5 0; & -** .EFG *% "" *. # (0A) !
.EFG ( C& )  *. 0

(89+8G+8F) *% "0A *.  >*":'  V*D !  U* _8

%;* !  *.* 0 *.  ""= *% % 0& #* .9j =
.(  .

'. >* .KEEL *% "0A *.  >*":'  V*D $;

W 0& % 1 5 _L
.LEGF = (8J88+KEEL) U* *% ""  0  6   $; W 0&

0 *. 0 (S) 4 '  *. 0 (89) 4 0 4 ""= _E
"Y -A).":'  V*D $;
W  &  & -D % PH  0* 88jj *%
4 ""= D ! *%* 88jj = (8J88+8GG) : 8J88 ' 8GG *%*
' ? > 5 0& "* .0 *. 0 (S) 4 '  (89) 4 0
*. 0 (S) 4 '  *. 0 "Y -A).": 0 4 ""= 0&
(EFG) "" 0*! P! :$1. ") ?% $! " . (KS) *% 0
!r    ( A

:@& (@" 8J88 BD, ".) ( C& %* 8E9j = (EFG+8J88) [K]
.( BD, ". ) $;
W *% LGK 0& N ( SF @"+8J88+LGK)

:: 567 , 4   ! 8597 *+ ::

.) 2" . -  # 0 !  i# 0 ; &  *) "= Z,
0 C # 0 ! ! Z# 0 ; & -** .! Z# " > 0.  ;. -*
-  # 0 !  C5 "& $*& 0 ; &  %* ) 0 6 -  0
-D  *% M%KEEL - =  0*! -  )  ; & * .) 0 6
0 '  V*D # );D"B   h1< !# "* .-./ h  # KELG
."...  6 1 0& '= ":`B *.

$* " ' +;"& "# -./ h  # (  % 

( B5 ! Z# 0 ! "
Z5* m B   ":B *. #  ! ( *#& -./ # 
0 ! V< ?5f.* I " Z.#  *#& m 0" # 0* " 2 < &*
C* " 0 ! ! Z# 0
; &  I " N"~ D* " *
$*. *"  !# -.   "  $& 0 0. D >

Abu Maryam 2015

.0. ; # 0*, # 0" *" -6   A # -.* V= m 'B
0 $*, Y # #  *. ' +"& @ $* 0%** PC 0 ! -6
i< " =&  ";B $  #* 0= *;. % 0! -* .0 0
=* "*= # 2 ., *;" ! " 0 ! "D* .I ) -. '
'  B* 0!* V   6 0   $A >*  < ' "**
.'  m  0 `  * ZB   # &

?" -./ $* "  6 0/ 0*!. 2"  Z# 0 ; & %  *" @
* .  +!  i *) ' . 0& YD* @*  
I 0p#  6 0/ *% 2"  Z#* $*, 0/ *% ! Z# 0 !
0 
(  ?" +.& @ 0 . ": '  V*D >>" i ' V; 
4 0
; & ?  #* "V* !  @ 'BD, ". ' - ".
$*A* !  i, # H./ " .#/ 0= N" 4 ?%  
* ; / . !> I" ./ *. -*  "* ." .#/ %
4 AA* !  i, 0 @"*) " .#/ $*A '= <. 
.I"/ % *;. # ? ,

D"B * KELG  0*! M%KEEL #* -8J88 -  #

" >* ; )*  V>>" ./   U > ) 0p# D*<
.  " # -)* " 0,* 0. YD* 0=  /  0*! 0&

 % *  *. 0 89 4  KELG  "" D # 04*
:r (EFG) 0A

0& % 1 5* .@" KJGL -  #* [K]@% EFG - K uK
( C& *%* .PB -. #* "V* ! @ ":'  V*D $; *% (KJGL)
P*D* .  - ".* ! D= '. >* ."( !  ! @ ":$;
 ?% I* . # -%, 0! *%  @ 0 Y.  # #
- =  #* %* KELG =(8Kj @%+EFG+9FL *+S) :;""
. 5.& ! M%KEEL

4*  *. 0 (KS9 KSG KjS) 4 # () ! "* _8
 4 - D& ' 5C& p# . *. 0 (89) 4* * *. 0 (L)
)+ (89+L+KS9+KSG+KjS) :   0*! N6 *;. $ ˆ ; 
W
KELG = (E8 +EEE *+LLj

. *. 0 (89) 4 "= ) Y 0& '. >*

Abu Maryam 2015

    p# .( # (FK) * ! (KE) %  *. 0 (89) 4 _L
:   0*! 4 66 > > C

V*D $;
W  "" % D= # 8EGS = (FK×KE)+ (FK×89)+ (KE×89)
!r"  2 < # 0<&* " : *. 0 (89) 4 # ' 

(KJLL) *% "  2 < # 0<&* ":'  V*D $;

W

0*! "KELG   2  # 0<&*": D  & @& KELG = (KJLL – 8EGS)
?% 0& '. >* .!< 5 66 > > $<6 "" %* 8EGS *%  
-! 0 #  !   % * () ! )   
.." U*C* % *  *. # (EFG) ! % -6

 @ 0 Y.  # 0" $ ! 0= )# 0=&  U"*   !_E
*. 0 (L) 4 ." "= ? > 5 0& .* .@)   -  0
= (8Kj@%+KJ+9FL *+S) : *% @* (SSJ) "" ' "H 
SSJ

!r "H   ." "= (  . !  ' # C (89) 4  "" VD= #

*. 0 (KjS) 4 #  -! 0 # () ! ! $*&

. *. 0 (89) 4 #  () ! !   0& -** [8].
: *%  (89) 4 '  (KjS) 4 0 4 ""= 0*! V=*
@& KELG = (SSJ – 8E8G) :r SSJ ""  "" % D= # (8E8G)
8E8G = (KELG ) + ( @% KJ * S ):0 ;&

- & #) * ( * - & #) :-! 0 # "*  #*  0*! _F
= (GGG "*" - & #+98j * - & #+E8) :V=* .( "*"
KELG

 "= B %& (KELG) "" $*  ?% .!

(89) 4  `*B  V* '=*  *. (KEEL) "" "" D
.(EFG) *;. # ) * 4 # () ! `*B  V* '=*
__________________________

. % . $! 0 $*, -* *% -; [K]

Abu Maryam 2015

 *% "" %* 9Sj *% ( *. KjS ) :$;
W 0& % # [8]
. E8 *% () $;
W 0& '. >* KS "" E8 P= C

*+ ;  30 /8559 : ::

:: [K] EFG 0A *

# "* "D* .-8J88 -  #* M% KEEL -  0

; & (6! ";"
5 04* .P)! *.* ./ *. 0   0) D=  . ."
: *.*  51 (KEEL) "" D= ' ? >

I* . (9j) )  ""=* (88) *% -! 0 #  *.  _K
: "" D ?%

!r"" % *% #K9KG = (9j×88)

= (89L )+KEEL) :@& ()) ! $;

W V ( # C KEEL "" V
K9KG

*. # ; (9) )  ; (S) -! 0 # () ! ! _8
# ; N6* (KSG) 4 # ; N6* (KjS) 4 # ; X
4 # Y.  5* * *. 0 (L) 4 # 0 6 5* (KS9) 4
..;" $ % *  *. 0 (89)

:*% )#   5& ! *;. - D&*  4 - D& ! U*

-D

5

4 -D

*. -D

Abu Maryam 2015

 K

*

KjS



KSG



KSG



KSG



KS9

Abu Maryam 2015

 8



KS9



KS9



 

89

88

U*

Abu Maryam 2015

 KLSj

EF

KEEL

""=* (88) PB # )  () *. # % (89) 4 _L

*! ""=, U*  & p# .! K89E ) ! ""=*  (9j) ) 
:  0*!
06* 0 5) : $;
W *% "" % 0 ; & 1 5* KEJK = (K89E+9j+88+89)
$;
W PC "= 1 5 $!* .(  . V 5 ! (8J88) @& (0*=*
5C&  ; & !! $;1# KEEL = (E8+KEJK) :@& () *. -.
*% %* 8G88 = (K88K + KEJK ) :  0*!# "= . )= ":$;
.PB #  *. 0 (89) 4 

:  0*!  ! $;

W # (89) 4 -D C  _E

: r"" % *% # x 42) = 1134 89)

[8].(KKLE)  -. #* " * )& ": '  V*D $;
W V< (&

(FK) )#* ""=* ! (KE) *%  *. 0 (89) 4 ! ""= (
  ' 5C&*  )#* "" -6 4 -D ! ""= C p# .( #
KKLE = (E8 ) + (FK×KE) +(89×KE) :U* 0*!  $; W

KEEL - = $H. $*A $   P)! B& BD D= (  . ; (M
":'  V*D $;
W 0
; & V* I LJS "" D= * -8J88 #* M%
N6* H &* P&": $;W ( C& *%* KjJj *% " . *""A* 0. H  N6
"" ' (LJS) "" 5C& *  # V=* .(KEEL) $;W @& "0*&*
r(KKLE)

($ .) $;

W (KKLE) "" ' 5C& *  # KEEL = (LJS+KKLE)
:r(LJ8) @& PB -. #*

[L] .M%KEEL- =  #* *%*KELG = (LJ8+KKLE)

Abu Maryam 2015

  *. 0 (KjS) 4 %*  )# !  $*& 0 4 ""= _F
# 8E8G *%  *. 0 (89) 4 %*  )# !    '
:r M% KEEL -   "" % D=

(9KJ) *% Y.  ! )# "*  4 P& ""=
:  0*! ( 5 *! 4 ""= 0 "" %  p# P&

V ( # C KEEL *% "" % 0& 04  &* K9KG = (9KJ – 8E8G)
: ()) ! $;
W

C   *% "" % 0& ( C& '. >* K9KG = (89L )+KEEL)

. )  ""= #  *. 

*% "0*&* N6* H &* P& ": $; W 0& ' ? > 5 0& .
5C& p# " . *""A* 0. H  N6" :'  V*D $;
W ( C& *%* (KjJj)
:   0*! V;
W ' (LJS) ""

= (SF @"+8J88) : V< r "" % *% # 8KK9 = (LJS+KjJj)

8KK9

8E8G = (LJS+8KK9) :rLJS "" (8KK9) "" ' 5C& *  #

!! $;1#

V= m 'B $*. $ D N  # -%, 0! *% # P*D* _G

-  0& -** . @ 0 Y.  -* *% #= -** "#= ":-.*
:""  ?% I* KEEL @) -  #* -8J88

"" % 0& % #* 8E9j = ( 89L )+KEEL+9FL  *+S)

(EFG+8J88 ) :*%

[E] 8E9j =

U**   5& )# "*  4 - D& U*  & *  #
-* @& (#= -*) $;
W *  )# "*  *;. $;
W U**  ) !
: @ 0 Y. 

#= -* u*;. $;

W u ) !u 4

Abu Maryam 2015

 !! $;1# 8J88 = EKK + j8E + K9F + GK8

+ j8E) :*% 4 - D&* *;. $;

W U* 0& 0 (  . "*  '. >*
-8J88 -  #* M% KEEL -  #*  *% %* KELG = (GK8
.V  / . !

- D& U* *% %* GK8 *% ( EFG 0A  ) :$;

W 0& % # [K]
*  *. 0 89 4 %  *  5 )# "*  4
. EFG 0A  %

"" *%* (L9j)"" N 6 P= C *% (KKLE) "" 0& % # [8]
. 5.& !  *. 0 (89) 4 # - )

. (EFG 0A * KELG  ) :0*=   ! [L]

".* EFG 0A ): 0*=  "" % >>" $B5 1 [E]
('BD,

:: h M  VD=* EFG 0AM ::

*. 0 (89) 4 # 1 -! 0 # () ! "**  

@& ;5D*  *;. .& 0
; & - "= ! ?% %& A* 
*. ! # ! ?% * .( * -.* V= m 'B $*. 1
( C& *% "" *. # 0A !  0 ; & (  . > "D* (EFG) *%
"= `*B  V* '=*    0A *% (EFG) "" 0& *"* .(EFG)
 0* .0 .# ." i,* 'BD, ". h  , 
*. 0 (89) 4 \ 5 =*. T  ;) ." ?% # . 
. !  `*B  V* '=* 

:&"

:  0*! (@") $;

W (8J88) ' 5C&  _K

8KK9 = (SF@"+8J888)

:  0*! (@%) $; 

W (KEEL) ' 5C& *

Abu Maryam 2015

 KGGK = (8Kj@%+KEEL)

!r 0"" 0% 0 D #

!! $;1# EFG = (KGGK – 8KK9)

8KK9 = (SF@"+8J88) _8

KGGK = (8Kj@%+KEEL)

L99j = U*

:r (VW dW) * (EFG) U* % ' 5C& *  #

r"" % *% # F9j8 = (KFEj+EFG+L99j)

KEEL - * 8J88 -  #* (@) -  *% (F9j8) 0& % 1 5
!! $;1# .M%

'=* (EFG) *% (@% KEEL) * (@" 8J88) 0 5 0 ; & > _L
-*< # V#* * $*, @) -  0 5 *%  I *C
:V=* @"G88 -  *% @) $*, -  :r@"
""  &" 5 0; &  %* ESj = (8Kj@%+K) – (SF@"+G88)
uESj) :1 5 ?% I* .(EFG) -8J88 -  # g `< -; 6 (ESj)
.EFG *%  !  0& '. >* .() $; *% %* E8 = (EFG

:V, % ""= *%* (LGK) *% PB -. #* " BD, "."$; _E
: r "" ) 6  " ;. 0=  # LGK = (KS×KS)
!!$;1# EFG = (SF @"+LGK)

"" % D= # (KJGL) :*% PB -. #* "V* ! @"$; _F
-KJGL -  #* (M% EFG -; K) :0& % 1 5 :rEFG 0A 
!!$;1#

Abu Maryam 2015

 = (KJGL+LGK) :@& "V* ! @ BD, "."$; 0& 04* _G
% 0& -** -8JJE #* M%KE8E -  0& :% % 1 5 :r (KE8E)
!!$;1# 8JJE = (KFEj+EFG) :@& V;* (EFG) U* *% ""

p# M%KE8E - = ("* j *& S) #*[K] -8JJE - =  6 0* ! K _9

(89L )+KE8E+SKG "*+S) :1 5 I # 0p# ("* S) #*
#  *. 0 (89) 4  *% % 0& % 1 5 8G88 =
.PB

.(KJS8) = (EFGuKFEj) : ) 5* (KFEj) *% (EFG) "" $; _j

;) 0;. 0 )6 (KFEjKJS8EFG) :@& ""=, ?%  D *  #
:r @ 0 Y.  -* *% @ V#= -* `*B  V* '=*
-  #*  *% %* KELG = (8Kj@%+EFG+9FL*+S)
8J98 = (8Kj@%+KJS8+9FL*+S) . <* . ! M%KEEL
& 8J98 = (8Kj@%+KEEL+EKK#= -*) :*% % 0& % 1 5*
@%+KFEj+9FL *+S) : (EFG) $; "" #* M%KFEj - 
8F8j = (SF @"+8J88+EKK #= -*) :*% %* 8F8j = (8Kj
8J88 0 V.5 *% KJS8* KFEj 0 5 0, ;B  ?%*
.@% KEEL* @"

>  0
; &  Y ;" 0. 0 )6 5 . ""=,  D *  *
!r " 0.  V D=

Z5 .* @ Z5 . 0 5 *% %* FFK = (SF @" +EFG)
(GLG – KKj9) :;B

FFK =

.;B Z5 . *% %* KKj9 = (SF @" + KJS8)

:*% (  . -= ! %* KGEL = (SF @" +KFEj)

!!$;1# KGEL = (EFG+KKj9)

$;
W 5C& p# -KEFL - = 0 ! ;  . Z# 0& ( ;   P* _S
:  0*! "" % ' (@") !

Abu Maryam 2015

 ! ! "0*. * .* H & ": $;
W *% %* KFEj = (SF+KEFL)
.(  .

?% I* .-KES8 - = 0 ! 2", 0 0. ]* 0

; & P* 0 _KJ
!! $;1# KSEj = (EFG+KES8) :

 # `*B  V* '=* (    ( A (EFG) "" 0 ! 

!r 'BD, ".  "" % D= # !  i, 

." . $! 0 $*, -* *%  6 0* ! [K]

:: 23< =>  567 , 4  ::

0
; & ;" T  ".* 6 $B ) " >   0 ! 'C  0 ;
h  D= *% % V= A<! 0& "* * .N # *< *% $B5 %
"* "# .M%KEEL #* -8J88 -  * EFG ""  'BD, ".
I  N ./ Z5 -*=1 ( BD, ".) $; W  ;""= D=
Z5* @W Z5 C  # %* .;" i, h  # B 5
k%"  .* .-8J88 . Y<D* Z5 $. #* ;B
V* '=*  *. 0 89 4  )D=* 66 *5 ?% 0
.EFG "" `*B 

 C. 0&  #* "%  *%* -! T  0 Y<D*
I $*B i# @ $ $ *  ;C  # > >
U;* @""  % >>" $* $x .<   0* .#" B
-8J88 - = $H. $*A 0 V ;B*  0 ; & -=A > % 0* .k%"*
*% T  ' & #* . #*< ?% .5 "* $ > *%
. ). .& '= * *  ) ^;BW = D 0 ? < # ;*H.  B

2"  Z# "D V= m C <  0 = 0 ; & ( ;   -*

-KKj9 - = ? "D *, 0" ^B 0&* .M% KF #* -GLG - =
.M%KEEL #* -8J88 - = 2"  Z5 0& YD** .M%FjL #*
I* .(LGK) *% PB -. #* " BD, "." : $; W 0
; & (  . -**
:"" \ 5 ?%

:   0*! (GLG) $*, Z5 - = " BD, ". "$;

W ' 5C&  _K

Abu Maryam 2015

 !r "" % *% # SS9 = (GLG+LGK)

# I* "* ; > -! 0 # #; ( B

; ) ! " -
*. # ( B) !  ." B ' *&  && ":P)! *.
2"   B 0 ; & + & ! 0& % '. >* .[K](SS9) *% P)!
-./ # ZB 'BD, *%*   % Y. -6 2  YC*   6 %
.( *" KEE

0*! (EFG) 0A "" V PC&  V<& (SS9) "" # #*
< @   . Z# - = #* "" %* KEFL = (EFG+SS9) :  
 @ "" *%* .B N" , # -.* V= m 'B $*. V
! %* KFEj = (SF@"+KEFL) :  0*! (@") $; W V PC&
."0*. * .* H &"$;W *% D

$;
W V ( # C (GLG) "" " BD, ". "$;
W ' 5C& * _8
!r "" % *% # KJS8 = (SF@"+GLG+LGK) :   0*! (@")

: (V;
W ) * (EFG) "" 0 5 *% u&

KJS8 = (EFG – KFEj)

-6  )D #  *. 0 (89) 4 ! C $B  U* *% _

: )#* ""= # ) !

KJS8 = (FK×KE)+ (89×KE)

(EFG – KJS8) :  0*! (EFG) "" (KJS8) "" 0   _M
."" )  04 &* GLG =

:  0*! (EFG) "" "" % ' 5C& * _"

0 5 *% (KJS8) "" 0, ;  ?%* KFEj = (EFG+KJS8)

.(V;
W )* (EFG) ""

:  0*! LJS "" "" % ' 5C&  _M%

Abu Maryam 2015

 .8J88 @& "0*=* 06* 0 5&": $; W *% %* KEJK = (LJS+KJS8)
0*! () $;
W V PC& * .P)! B& BD P& ""= ( C& *%*
./ - = 0 0;. ""= ( C& *%* .KEEL = (E8+KEJK) :  
' !  i, 0 )*A* $H. *" - D  * A N (G8K)
:-8J88 - 

KEJK = (G8K u 8J88)

:  0*! (LJS) "" (KJS8) "" 0  * _*

r "" % *% # 9jL = (LJS u KJS8)

 ). $;
W *  ./ *. -D ( BD, ".) $;
W ' 5C& 
:  0*! )  ""=*

9jL = (KKK+8SE ./+K9+LGK)

*% P)! B& P)! 0 ; & Z;  ", i ;"D  . ." #
*. 0 '  V* "*B 0*! 0& $ V=* 2"   B P)!
*. # (".) !  .'BD, ". "..(". -)= 0 ;   ":P)!
.9jL = (EFG+L89) :0A "" V 5C& *  # (L89) *% P)!

 6 Z5 - = " BD, ". "$;

W ' 5C&  _L

:  0*! (KKj9)

.EFG "" $;

W *% %*KFEj = (KKj9+LGK)

:  0*! (@") ! P.  5C& * _E

:*% "" %* KGEL = (SF@"+KKj9+LGK)

KGEL = (EFG+KKj9)

PC&  V<&  I 0

; p# KFEj = (KKj9+LGK BD, ".) :0*! _F
:0*!   0
; p# -8J88 ' -KKj9 0 0;. ""= "" % '
8LjL = (8J88 + LGK BD, ".) : *% %* 8LjL = (jLF+KFEj)

Abu Maryam 2015

 (@") ! $;* 8J88 "" ( BD, ".) $;
W ' 5C&  _G
:  0*!

:r"" % *% # 8E9j = (SF@"+8J88+LGK)

: U* 0*!  %* 8E9j = (EFG+8J88) (&

EFG = (SF+LGK)

 *. 0 (89) 4 0 4 ""= *% 8E9j (

. 5.& ! "" *. 0 (8F) 4 '

.KF " # Z;C* ! (M%KEEL * S) : C& *%* (M

:  0*! KEEL "" ( BD, ".) $;

W ' 5C&  _9
:r"" % *% # KjJE = (KEEL+LGK)

.;% (KEEL FjL KF) #* (8J88 KKj9 GLG) :;" -*=,
:r ;)* ;" 0;. U* 0 5 *% # V=*

KjJE = (KEEL+FjL+KF) u (8J88+KKj9+GLG)

! $;
W V ( # CW KEEL "" ( BD, ".) $;
W ' 5C&  _j
!! $;1# 8J88 = (8Kj @%+KEEL+LGK):  0*! (@%)

0*! KEEL ""* 8J88 "" ( BD, ".) $;

W ' 5C& * _S
: 

$;
W $ ! *% "" % 0
; & % 1 5 0*!* Lj8G = (KEEL+8J88+LGK)
!!$;1# . *. 0 (89) 4

(KE) % (88) PB # )   *. 0 (89) 4 _KJ
(FK+KE+88+89) : *% ( 5 !  ""=, U* .( # (FK) * !
.(G×KS) *%* -! 0 *. ""= *% %* KKE =

Abu Maryam 2015

0 *% (EFG) "" 0& ' ? > 5 0& "# (KS) "" C; &  *
:*)# (KS) "" 5= C
[8] EFG = (8E×KS)

( # KS 0 P* ?% P1* ( # FK *% (89) 4 P* ""=

[L].( H %
8G88 *% PB #  *. 0 (89) 4 

8G88 = (KLj×KS) : *% %*

:  0*! (KS) # (KKE) "" C 

:r"" % *% # 8KGG = (KS×KKE)

= (KEE+8J88) :  0*! (") ! $;

W (8J88) "" ' 5C& 
."" % ' ." ?% # & 0& .* 8KGG

: (EFG) "" (8KGG) "" ' 5C& *  #

0 (89) 4  *% "" % 0

; & % 1 5* 8G88 = (EFG+8KGG)
!! $;1# .PB #  *.

: ""=, ( BD, ".) $;

W ' 5C& 0& " _KK

Z#* V= m C  0 = Z# % * (8J88 KKj9 GLG)

""=, ?%  *  # ." *. )!* Y<D* Z5* 0" ^B
LSEJ = (SF@"+8J88+KKj9+GLG) : (@") ! $; W ) ( # C
:4 - D& U* *% "" % 0& % 1 5*

(FK) )#* ""=* (KE) ) ! ""= * (88) *;. # (89) 4
:(Lj8G) );W*

!! $;1# LSEJ = (Lj8G+FK+KE+88+89)

PB # 4  !  ' PC >  # i $* "D _K8
:$* r*;B $! '

Abu Maryam 2015

 !r "" % *% # GFG8 = (8G88+LSEJ)

GFG8 = (LJS9+KEEL+8J88):V<

: V< r (LJS9) "" *% #

! P1  *. 0 (89) 4 0& % #* LJS9 = (KGL×KS) (&
( C& %* PB  # 8G88 4 %* ( H % ( # KS 0  5.&
"" > KS "" 5= C 0 4 # „  -* KS"" 5= C 0
LJS9 = (8G88+EFG+KS ) :*% ""=, ?% U* 0*! V=* EFG

:V=* . 5.& ! KELG  0*! M%KEEL -  # (

LJS9 = (8Kj @%+KEEL+KELG)

) . "V* ! @ BD, ". "$; W ' 5C& *   _KL
:" $B - N 6 Z5 0&  = '=  6* $*, Z5

 6 Z5+KF $*, Z5+KJGL V* ! @+LGK BD, ".)

!!$;1# .(8Kj@%+KEEL+LGK) : C& *% %* 8J88 = (FjL

"D Y<D* Z5* -KKj9 - = 2"  *, 0" ^B Z# 0 ! _KE
:*% 0"" 0% U* .-8J88 - = 0*!

!r "" % *% # L8JS = (8J88+KKj9)

KjJj *% "0*&* N6* H &* P&": $;

W _&

KEJK *% "0*=* 06* 0 5& ": $;

W

L8JS = (KEJK+KjJj) :*% 0"" U*

:  0*! (EFG) "" $;

W M%KEEL ' PC&  _

L8JS = (KFEj+8Kj @%+KEEL)

Abu Maryam 2015

 # C5. 0& .* KJS8 *% (V; W ) * (EFG) "" 0 5 _M
:  0*! -8J88 V 5C& p# "" % $* N"
L8JS = (SF @"+8J88+KJS8)

"B # ]  ;  Y N "#=  ": ZB N" # _KF
4 A ( C& V#* -* % #  ! (U"*  ) 0& " % 0 ."*
@* M% KEEL  ;B %& Y<D* ! p# .0" $ ! 0= 0 
Y<D* N"   ""= >>" -* ) $)# .-./ # KELG  *%
:r

r"" % *% # 8E9j = (89L )+KEEL+9FL  *+S)

8E9j = (SF @"+8J88+LGK BD, ".) :V<

: ( C& V<& -**

8E9j = (EFG+8Kj @%+KEEL+LGK)

: ( C& *%*

8E9j = (EFG+8J88)

*. 0 8F 4 ' P)! *. 0 8G 4 0 4 ""= ( C& *%*
.(  . ! ! ""

  B % P)! *. # "*  B 0 $* 0& % "B > [K]

.2"

: )#* ""=* (89) 4 -D 0 5 *% (8E) "" 0& % #* [8]
9j =(89+FK ) : )#* ""= ' 4 -D 5C&  ; & (8E) = (89 uFK)
.  *.  ""= *% %*

2 < # 0<&*" $;

W *% %* 8FjK *% KS M P* ?% $; W [L]
8FjK = (KFEj+KJLL) : EFG "" $; W V ( # CW " 

::  . ::

Abu Maryam 2015

 #* I!* "" , # T  ?"* @ U;* 0
;
- = # > >  #* (" (#"B) $  $  
 V# " 0& -! 0  # ZB > V<& - ! 0*  ;C ;
.  - -! V, ( D 5<

$x. % $6 0& & #* ;"" < 0= i $ . "D
$ !* $  . ' ]   ?% $6 P ! 0, 0*, $D 1
-  0*  I" e 0 ./ $A >  ;"  - = # -  , V*
' B*& "D 0. P> =  @  *  0 ! 0*   #
.0*  % $6 "** = 

2  "&*  . >>"   H *  = " *%  "
D 0!   * V#"%&* 0" ^* 0 -)D +" ( .    #
.`  B % ", % $ 0 Z 0&

.#* m * %

; " ) - .
;

 ." 0* A!

0 .# _m - _ 

M% KE8L  4 Y Kj

-8JJ8 / G / 8S #*

Abu Maryam 2015