5 y on ne . og | ino eS wee to evaluate the line integrals soa 0 a, Fe 4: consult 8.15, 6 Ks J) atin oe | I ti where C is the boundary ofthe elosed region b gad, povided hy y sey = pre + ave theore a goon's thee mm for the following line integrals ayav4 (x2 +9") dy, whore C in the boundary of the repion e y ion encle by y =a? and : ‘ fle" — dey) dx + (y+ 8)dy around the boundary € of the region eneloned by y? = Be and w . t xed ale = 2ey)dx+[y" +249) dy, whore C is the square with vertices P (0,0), (1, 0), RC, 1), c 5 (0, D. Answers = 2, 2(L-e™ 7, STOKE’S THEOREM (Relation Between Line and Surface Integrals) (P.T.U., Dee. 2005, Dee. 2006, Jan. 2009, Dec. 2010) *Statement, If S is an open surface bounded by a closed curve C and Fs ht Fy} + Fy B beanyvector point function having continuous first order partial derivatives, ben \F -dr= iN} Curl F «dS where A is a unit normal vector at any point of $ drawn in the & 3 ence in which a right handed serew would advance when rotated in the sense of discription of C. * In other words [Surface integral of the component of F along the normal to the surface S, taken over the surface $ bounded by the curve © is equal to the line integral of the vector point function F taken along the closed curve Cl. Proof. Let fi makes angles o, §, 7 with positive direction of x, 7,2 axes respectively. Aacosai +c0s8 J cosy hk Also Foxt+yjezk = dt sdxt+dy}edeh Scanned with CamScanner(ilk Rs |g f (i 4 ) Curl Jonas (3 i Jens (% (ae feme |S Also Fadi © Fyde+ Fydy + Fyde Stoke's theorem can be written as yo te [Rides Ray Ade = yl % Let 2 = $ (x, 9) be the equati ‘Then the pean of on en ote race S whose ponetin on the ie is the curve C’ which bounds the + PR nad © fio, 4 Jn sobs [8 Ge quads +0) élane for th 587 1, yee have "fi _ ar Us Nay A) ae dy © fa, y Ady Me Fy |e dy 2 . ce 5s » direction ratios of the ‘Normal ty vy the’ the surface 2 = 46%, 9) are 2 . ay % te ae") coset COR ogy SES 9) op $6,712 =9) ‘ a & By 3h _ soa = oy easy since de dy is the projection of dS on ay. plane de dy = cos yd3 From (8), wo have [FR (x, y,4)dx = “(2 a, Bh Sth yas & aR. aR a WSL, oh, — (eh aR, ie aS costs = [iop-Benhas Brom (2), GI (x,9,2)de -ff 4 (Fe cos B= Boo|as = Similarly, we can prove that [Extxir2ddy = ff f(r ces 8) zt a [Bi eneddy = f) (Bora Z ews}es (6) : & Adding (4), (5), (6), we get [Rteyadde+® (x, y,29dy + x, 9,2) dz c «= es a ean + & - cap (& Bons which is same as (I) Hence, theorem ia proved. Scanned with CamScannerLet Bo Aly QF te w-vectar paint furvchion which in Feeton S of the ayplane boimded by (he closed eurvo C * a) ” *) My Then [Few sla? ' fal) (axl tedy i) = [ide * fidy i a ij and Conk. f= Z iz Ah Hence Stoke's theorem iF drs {feo B.8 dS takes the form, e a a ets Sider tay = {E-Bay Ns ee he ing LUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Example 1, Eualnate GPa by Stoke's Theorem, where Feytye7 . tay & and C is the boundary of the triangle with vertices at ©, 0,0), 4, 0,0), 1, oy, ®-rU, May. Sol. ' z-coordinate of each vertex of triangle ig ay 7am zero + triangle lies in the sy-plang By Stoke's theorem GR. dr = Jeo F-as oo é 3 ee 8 Fela 3 CulF =| 2 il ay eee 909 (Lo = FU 748 tee ~ ay) 3 +2ix-y fh &=F (anit normel to xy-plane) Curl Boge affe aa-nhhé e265) Now, Giear {J2@-a5,wnoreage 22 _ de dy _ a, é 3 Dilisieeeeeeemtieeeeciis _—— Scanned with CamScannera Hesle-Hese io eUsing Stoke's theorem or otherwise evaluate {I (25 ~ 2 : dx = yz dy yaa rs _jecirele® +y" = 1, corresponding to the s1 wel use Stoke's theorem to prove the ee of sphere of unit radins » [fom-nt net etna = [Pe di, where B=(2x -y)8 2" F-s*e py Stoke's theorem \F dr = [Jou F ads $ & flex =y)dx—y2" dy 9" az\ = [Jom ® tas 8 5 7 oj z > a ale a panel cwlF =| 5 a | boys eaneles O-o1tk += F y ge-y cy oot cu Fe = Rek=1 {joan F +48 © ffras- Jes = area of the circle of unit rains 8 8 8 ene Von ; gai +@e-dyte i Example 3. Using Stoke's theorem for the veetor function Fa(Qe+y- ote ay — 22) evaluate the integral §F «ak, where Cis the circle with centre ot (0, 0, 8) and cami Mt 1) Scanned with cBeannerBev ve Av 2) Oy gon sau © as (Ine ent ee given by (ror 4 0)" ee 9)? = 28 pe eer ern ah Benya te Wwodytet sayy 2 =(-2-%)i 35 4k (unit normal to the plane z= 3) Goi = ffl-2-2)2-37+4)- eas a $ * fft-es = § = (area of the cirde) ‘s =n(5) = 25 5. Example 4. Anply Stoke's theorem: to find the walue of [ly ces 2 dy +3 @ ! eae the curve of intersection of x? +3? +27 =0% and x42 = Sol [ly dr +edy +x deh = [lpPreF+2k)-(ast say7 rack) [Buz a where Fay +2fixk By Stoke's theorem QF «dr = ff|eon F.fas a 3 PPE xi|a 3 al; + ar cCuiPF sl? 2 2)p _ = ae wale SE lPcnede pekene- [Patel] yoe rl Now, @ is a unit vector normal to the plane of circle whose equation s#*°7 (ie., in xe-plane) ‘Vector normal to ¢ = +2z—-a is given by Ve= (P22 8a )ateoretaehart Scanned withont \ rth, 6,0) oo / Fi hf if |y ogy DEE ag . (reivk) eo \ Lette . A (unten if of tho eirele shown in figure. Ws! in endinn of the eirele vos a jovdeal pene kb ow del onda (ur? |= (yarreer faraee de ly + it Gy dz, where C is the t seample 6. Apply Stal’ theerea to evalua bond 2 = © +3 flat se} atiyh fete ey has} egafinterseetion. oft ee fal, [Ayden Realy phyde = é ‘ = [it edte where Fos vnefeoyh Feategdteh + edal dy Jaazk By Stoke's theorem {Ped = ffs Fads i 8) te a24 J+ wat -af=a(?-f] cul Fs FEY Belo fy 1 yortor 1 to the plane of tho eirele given by 2 = + 3jnaz-plane) fi is unit gexnzt3 na ee pa ¥ Ee Wal Scanned - cannertoner ot ATEXTOGOK OF ENOWCERIg, Many Ey U4 Dad 2 aaa aR Gyaz > ye asad 2 ‘ie 24/3 art ieg. yin?’ Eden Bncd BRS — =+3n0, 3) whieh lies on the p! favate eed hich ieintersaction ofthe npliors + ‘The centreot the sphere is (0,0, cielo is the proat cielo af sphere, elo ig same aa radius of U Joon. HOR = 4/2 + O=36 VER. he sphere = 3 fay dx + 22 dy+ Gyde Exmuple 6. Use Stoke's theorem to evaluate fe dv, where Fay? by py? "T4222 ange c is the bounding curve ofthe hemisphere ay teed 2 >0 oriented in the positive direction. Sol. By Stoke's theorem [i «di = ffcuad-aas z $ aR] a § e[eu, Flos =F (0-047 0-2) +8 ly-2y)=-2f-yh vo Ivar’ where $(x,y,2)=27 +57 42-9 gu l@sdeFoyeben 2ePextezrk) lo, fic dytyag? CB ] sisniest Cea atts seat Wicedeot) ates? 7 i? i zj yh) Hertel og. oye ve ag ree ene dx dj § [fas alle eal 2 yg Eo aa ffvae where R is the projection rex +4 Fag, 2 > ay plane. of hemisphere x? 49? 4 2229.25 F on = Scanned with CamScanner20 2 an i z ; Pe egabore,y varies from — Jo — to (9-2 and x varieg from - 3 tag fe edt = Wey dx =0 (ev is even 3, LT, 6| GedF = vee i je Here we can directly take =, the solution Will be simple we oer [J(-F-y8) as [[-2 2% where Ris the projection ef hemisphere on } § R \a tk i . =| veea se ReRak ay vison odd fmetion .. | yde <0 =0 Example 7. Directly or by Stoke's theorem, evaluate [Jcwts-eas, where yer islys Jet xy S ie the eurface of the paraboloid 2 = 1 #-y",220 end ft is the unit smal t0 8. i oR Sol. Cunt’= 2 : 2 TC+Feyhe Foxy oe Sis given by @ (, y,2) =a 4 9%+2-1-0 Ab _ Oxi +2vP 4k z * Two)” Yae® a ay? oi Sone Bet 2vel Corl ef = - fax? + ay? 41 yey > _. Bet Qy td ¥ Curl #ds = |[- ds fo I Mreer i fax? saya Scanned with CamScanner—————— ATEXTBOOK OF ENQINEER ive, = [f-areayevdedy, ae " hosts here RB is projection of the parabola on. XY plane i.c., x" 4-9 where R is proje iF \ =+f — By + Udy dz = Tas a pat ah a=ety¥f 4a 32 |, Hence I Curl # «Rds =~ 7. 3 RNote. Aloo we can take directly #=# the solution becomes easy] Example §Werify Stoke's theorem for the function F = x2? ay) i integrated round Square tn the plane z= 0 and bounded by thex = 0, y =0,x=0, Yea,“ (Ppy, » Dee 260%) Sol. [For verification first find the value of ae ar and then [esa F+d8 and then prove that both are same], FeePinfl ge a = $e Poayj). (ets - Gera ~aydyy where C consists of OA, AB, BC, Co. 4 AlongOA, y=o = dy=0 ang “varies from 0 toa Along AB, t=a 2. drag and yvaries from Oto AlongBC, y=a 2, dy=g and xvaries from a ta0 Along CO, x=0 4 drag and y varies from a te a Scanned with CamScanner= f(vtae syd) j 595 On (tae ayy) f iv ideas) } + [ (rae ~ ryly) ‘ a 6 6 s a [vax - Javiy + rea + ouy a 0 : 4 call} i PR F-\® 2 ol, 5 Col F | B wel F Okey oa 5f 2 x -ay 0 R= kv Square lies inzy plane Curl Feit = (-y8)-B--y sow [[CunF-nas = ([_y frag i JJ [fae dere R is the region of the square aoa 24 2 s Gfeae Sal oO 0 2 io c+ Stoke's theorem is verified. Example 9. Verify Stoke's thearem for F =(x*+*)f-2xy taken around the ‘eetungle bounded by the lines x = +0, y= 0,9 =b. (2) (1) and (2) are same (P.T.U., Dec. 2003) Note, For verification st find the value of GF +d and then find {{ Cur «RS end then prove both are same, Sol. F- (2 + y*)E Bay F lag = fille + }F- a3) [set ay 3) i Sle + seem a where C consists of AB, BC, CD, DA. Scanned with CamScanner0 fratn 8 tay 0 and x varion from a tn o andy val dye O and 2 varies froma tog ; a' ‘ ‘ ot = [ (eo) de Pedy oh flere tp * yt) dx — Bay dy J (7 +9?) de 2a dy 5 Si «fer je—aver | 4 ti ‘ @ « [o-zayy4 f= Bld Paayety Ta a ¥ 0 4 a re 3 20 4] Be ap | = -at hE | sox a hay dy 2a? 2 _ apt. 20% ab? 72 _ gab) — ab? =~ 0b! abt eS [xt +9? )te ~ any dy =~ 4 ab? é Now, find [[Curl F tas $ i jk a a ala. Curl F = x bp ot (+ FO) +k -2y-ay)2 44 sty? —Ry 0 f= -» Rectangle lies in.xy-plane Curl Fe ft = -dyhsB = — dy ffcun Faas = J-2748= [f-4y 2S fay acay 3 5 i Akl 4 * J [-tvtraem tap f are —orif s-ay=0 a foun FeftdS =~ 4p? 8 (Land (2) are same», Stoke's theorem is verified. Scanned with CamScannerStoke's theorem fap Sa7 z (eta)? (a2) Oter the surface of y=2.2=2above XOY plane, Dede + (24 Ady — xe op 0.2 gpeboursing curve ofthe open surfaces oe cease of OA, AB, BC, CO *varies irom Oto 2 Yvaries from to xveries fom 2t9 yveries from 2 to ff-dr = Glr-2+ 2dr tes yds t c on AB ic = GBedr Gi di = GPa afi wines fears [sa -[e 7 oF A cur F = 2 2 a) eto-yejritasho-v = oy & yort2 peed - anyitie-Dj-8 Here we have to integrate over five surfaces ABDE, OCGF, BCGD, OFEA, DGFE, Over the surface ABDE|x=2, &-2 d8=dyde {J Cunt BeftdS = ‘ite frond A abbr, ye de dS fateeoi- AL (-f) Ee 2 28 =ff- ydy dz = 00 i 5 I - dydz=4 be Scanned with CamScannerar - side air é —— =sint Pe Any point on circle is = = | (Qoost ~sing}(—sint de) : : x - J t-sina: + sin?s) ae — S82 “aft cosh ay 3 2 2 ee ea 2 2 = Scanned with CamScanner—— SUL aye b oyeta t MeV vl4 7-014 hos ajek er: dy _ is ye fn [fas dy, whore Ris projection af «2 34 i = Lon xy plans given by 1 } x =a" +5 sia" 2} a2}ials afte] sl (iyand (2) are same - So Stoke's theorem is satisfied. xampleyt2y Verify Stol's Thor or P= vis (areal de lor Ae safon of renga famina wih ete 12, 0,0), (0, 3,0), ,0,6) (PoT-Un May 2010) : gol. fied? = [let pode (ae -addy+Q42)d 3 Here path of integration Consists of AB, BC and OA. Along AB; 2=° . dz=0 and xy iquation of ABSS 5g t v-3p-4) je varios from 2429. ‘Along BO =#° dys a fete pquation of BOIS 3° 6 : --o(t-3) °* dyed iongCA: 7=°eee THOOK OF ENE eo a ae x Faquation of CAis 5 * a el or # of de = dda anda varies from 0 to 2, fear « fiadt feats gi my ne a » ft 3 3 fred «| [eea-Ba}arvae[ $a) ao 3 Syn Zee and 0 dr along AB,y = 5) =f [ers Bea ite =[(-$e+3)an » oat staae) 27-621 4 Ie 0 Fear = Jaf along 86,2 61-2), de =~2dy and y=0 tla (y+ 6-29) - Bay) ? o =f 84 By By AB = [18 6 49) dy ay otf : 5418 = 36 2 | GB adr = [ede +(6-3x)(- ds) a 0 along CA,z = 6[1-E).ce--aae and y=0 2 . = Jx-18 + Be) de = 50? -18e[/ «20-36=-16 0 2 GR edF 2146-16-21 ia é fut Ni Curl F = a a a 4 e oop ome Cul =) SS |rfarpejo-oska-v-2+t Scanned wit!‘A vector normal to ABC = ve § aha Ais a8 ti] fy zl 4 2 grhh. Heat f = uni init. ver etorteaBC . S427. 6 a [Joon F tas = [{(o7 — ie lett) shoaiek - [Es Br) 8- Fp see contin t Itis di js difficult to find area of the trang le ABC, so we: change dS to dedy foarte 21 2) (1) and i aresame -. Stoke's theorem is verified TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE de whore isthmus 470 WEST” 1, Bvaluate by Stoke's thesre= Grader 29 2, Apply Stoke's theorem! to evaluate fF fas, where Boyt tebe) joof antsinte 4 PB eurface of the apherex? +7" a gia? above sy plan | g. Evaluate by stoke’s theore! so fine ge -cosxdy+ sinyde) where 0 he boundary of the | c | vectongle s2=m007S DT 4, Bvaluate Gea hore Fey otp-aih cst gaesevee ott é i Gis thi poundaty \ 5. Uso Stoke's sheorem to evaluate [o* ayids + @ spat leer i ; je with vertices 2% oD (0.3.0) (0,0, 6)