Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K.

Class:- 10 SF

CH-1:-The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

(Pre Boards)
(6 Marks,5 Marks,1 MCQ)

1. Why did nationalist tension emerged in Balkans?

Answer:-(1) Nationalist tensions emerged in the Balkans
because of the spread of ideas of romantic nationalism an also
the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
(2)The different Slavic communities in the Balkans began to
strive for independent rule.
(3)The hold of imperial power over the Balkans made the
situation worse. Russia, Germany, England, Austro-Hungary all
wanted more control over this area. These conflicts ultimately
led to the First World War in 1914.

2.(1)Giuseppe Mazzini:- A famous Italian revolutionary who

was born in 1807 in Genoa. He was part of a secret society
called Carbonari and founded two underground societies called
Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne.
(2)Otto Von Bismarck:-Otto Von Bismarck was a Prussian
Politician who became Germany’s first ever Chancellar a
 Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

position in which he served from 1871 to 1890. Through a

series of wares, he unified 39 individual states into one German
Nation in 1871.
(3)Greek War of Independence:- It was a successful war waged
by the Greeks to win independence for Greece from the
Ottoman Empire.
(4)Treaty Of Vienna 1815:-The Treaty Of Vienna of 25 March
1815 was the formal agreement of the allied powers- Austria,
Great Britain, Prussia and Russia- committing them to wage
war against Napoleon until he was defeated.
3.
(1) Unification of Germany:
➢ There was a complete widespread of nationalist feelings
among middle-class Germans. These middle-class
Germans tried to unite the different regions of the
German confederation into a nation-state in the year
1848.
➢ Altogether, three wars were fought over a spon of about
seven years against France, Austria and Denmark.
➢ The Prussian King William- I was proclaimed German
emperor in January 1871 in a ceremony held at Versailles.
Later, the new German Empire was headed by Kaiser
Wilhelm of Prussia was proclaimed.
(2) Unification of Italy
Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

➢ During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided

into seven states of which only one, Sardinia- Piedmont,
was ruled by an Italian princely house.
➢ The Unification process was led by three revolutionaries-
Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo de Cavour, and
Giuseppe Garibaldi. During 1830, Mazzini decided to unite
Italy.
➢ After earlier failures in 1831 and 1848, King Victor
Emmanuel ll took to unify the Italian states through wars.
➢ In 1861, Victor Emmanuel ll was proclaimed King of United
Italy.

4. Define
(1)Feminist:- The person who supports or advocates for
women rights.
(2)Allegory:- It is a poem, story, play, etc. in which
characters and events represent qualities or ideas relating
to morals, religion or politics.
(3) Romanticism:- A cultural movement that rejected
science and reason and introduced heart and emotions.
The concern of the romantics was to create a sense of
shared collective heritage and a common cultural past for
arousing nationalism.
(4) Conservatism:- It is a political and social philosophy
promoting traditional social institutions in the context of
culture and civilization.
 Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

(5) Nationalism:- An ideology which emphasizes

faithfulness, devotion, or allegiances to a nation or nation
state and holds that such obligations out-weigh other
individuals or group interests.
(6) Imperialism:- The policy of extending a country’s
power and influence through colonization, use of military
force or other means.

5. What happen in Economic Hardships 1830 in Europe?

Answer:- From the 1830s, there was a rise in the population all
over Europe accompanied by unemployment and poverty.
Prices of food items were hiked and the harvest yields were
also poor during this decade.
6. Analyze the decisions taken by the Conservatives at the
Congress of Vienna in the year 1815?

Answer:-
 Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

7. How would you evaluate Napoleon as an administrates who

cheated a more national and efficient system?
Answer:- Napoleon was a remarkable administrator who
created a more rational and efficient system in the following
ways: He introduced the Civil Code of 1804 , also known as the
 Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

Napoleonic Code , which simplified and unified the laws of

France and abolished feudal privileges and serfdom.
8. Explain Rise of napoleon in Europe?
Answer:- The political instability of the Directory paved the way
for the rise of a military dictator - Napoleon Bonaparte. He
crowned himself Emperor of France. He started conquering
neighbouring countries by waging wars against them and saw
himself as a moderniser of Europe.
9. What is Allegory and who were German and Marianne?
Answer:- Marianne and Germania were respective female
symbols which conveyed a specific purpose for the French and
the German nation. They stood as personifications of ideals like
'liberty' and 'the republic'. liberty is the state of being free in
one's place without any restrictions applied.
10. What steps did the French Revolutionaries take to create a
sense of collective identify among the French people?
➢ Answer:- The ideas of la Patrie (the fatherland) and le
citoyen (the citizens) were introduced, which unified
people by giving them equal rights under a constitution.
The French tricolour was chosen as the new flag instead of
the former royal standard.
➢ Citizens were allowed to elect members to the Estates-
General, which was renamed as the National Assembly.
➢ A central administrative system was put in place and it
formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory.
Name:- Panseriya Mahek Kumar K. Class:- 10 SF

➢ French became the common language as it was written

and spoken in the capital city of Paris, and regional
languages were discouraged.
➢ A uniform system of weights and measures was
introduced and it was followed by the abolition of customs
duties and dues.