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    6 views14 pages

    10.1 Meiosis Notes

    Uploaded by

    bader alsaloum

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 14
    Unit 10 AL Rana Al Liddawi Describe the behaviour of the chromosomes in the phases of meiosis. ‘Two divisions occur during meiosis, these are termed meiosis | and meiosis Il. Each division involves the. Meiosis! Phase: Prophase! | 1 e four stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Key points - Replicated chromosomes aupercol and become vi zu 2. Replicated chromosomes pair up (associate) to form bi th chromosomes in each pair are homologous. Thijs called Crossing over occurs between the non-sister chro exchange of genetic material. This gives re is source of Telophase | genetic variation. 4. The spindle fibers) microtubules form ar ich pole to the equator. 5._The nuclear membrane: Metaphase! | 1. The paired up homologous: ‘at the equator randomly, recombination of alleles. 2 1osomes. 3. ‘Anaphase | | 1. pulled to opposite poles. ‘each chromosome isstil composed of logous pair i found at opposite poles. around each daughter nucleus, ‘through cytokinests | starts with the two daughter haploid cells produced by meiosis. Chromosomes supercoil and become visible under the microscope. The nuclear membrane starts to break down ._The spindle (fibers) microtubules starts to form ‘Metaphase [3. ‘Individual chromosomes line up at the equator randomly. Random orientation {independent assortment) leads to recombination of alleles (but less than in ‘metaphase I). The spindle microtubules attach to the centromere of each chromosome. ‘Anaphase tt [1. “The centromere of each chromosome spits. Unit 10 AL Rana Al Liddawi 2. Spindle microtubules contract pulling each sister chromatid to opposite poles in both cells. Each sister chromatid then becomes a chromosome. Telophaseli [1. Spindle fibers disintegrate. Each chromosome is found at opposite poles. The nuclear membrane reforms around the four sets of daughter chromosomes ‘Chromosomes uncoil {Cytokinesis I! then follows to divide the cytoplasm of the two cells and so the result is ‘our daughter cells each with a haploid set of chromosome: (What is crossing over and how does it create genetic variation? IN ‘= During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair up to form bivalents. Each chromosome comprises two sister chromatids, joined at the centromere, Sister chromatids are formed by DNA replication in the S phase of interphase before ‘meiosis begins. ‘+ Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes, ‘+ The formation of recombinant chromatids by crossing over results in the exchange of alleles. ‘+ a Crossing over occurs at random locations and can occur multiple times in each bivalent. ‘+ This, the chromosomes in the gametes

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