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    Geology topic wise question

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    24 views81 pages

    Geology

    Uploaded by

    Neha Rathore
    Geology topic wise question

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    & SynepsisIas Krishna, DAE, GOL GEOLOGY OPTIONAL UPSC IAS and IFS Topic Wise Questions: From 1979 to UPSC IAS 2023. www. synopsisias.com www.reedor.com ‘outube.com/synopsisias Synopsis IAS, Delhi-9 +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2023 ~ Updated till IAS 2023) 1 & SynepsisIas Index Index GEOLOGY OPTIONAL Syllabus (IAS & IFS). Paper 1 Section A Paper 1 Section B Paper? Section A HOW TO PREPARE GEOLOGY OPTIONAL. 1,1 GENERAL GEOLOGY ‘Syllabus The Solar System Meteoites Ovigin of the eat, Interior ofthe earth Age of earth Radioactivity od 10 10 10 10 u a a 2 Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts 12 Earthquakes- causes and effects Earthquake belt... Seismic zones of India, Seismographs. Intensity and Magnitude of Earthquakes Natural hazards- earthquakes (Paper 2, Unit 6) Island ares ‘Trenches and mid-oceanic ridges Continent drifis-evidence and mechanism Sea-floor spreading Plate tectonics Geosynlines. Isostasy Orogeny and epeitogeny Continents and oceans... 2 13 B B 4 4 4 MW 1.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING www. synopsisias.com Synopsis IAS, Delhi —9 16 www.reedor.com Krishna, DAE, GOL Syllabus, 16 1.2 (A) GEOMORPHOLOGY .. 16 Syllabus, 16 Basic concepts of geomorphology 16 ‘Weathering and soil formations 16 ‘Mass wasting. a Landslides 0 Landforms: 18 Fluvial Landform: 18 Aeolian Landforms. mia Coastal / Marine Landforms 18, Glacial Landforms... aa) Periglacial Landforms... 18, Karst Landforms. 18 Slopes. 18 Drainage. 0 Goomorphic cycles and their interpretation ....19 ‘Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology 19 Coastal geomorphology 1 Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting civil engineering soon 20 Hydrology and environmental studies. 20 Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent......1 20 1.2 (B) REMOTE SENSING. eer Syllabus. 2 Acrial photographs and their Interpretations- merits and demerits ey Electromagnetic spectrum. 21 Orbiting satellites and sensor systems, Indian remote sensing, satellite data products 2 Application of remote sensing in geology ...22 GIS and GPS ~ lis Application 2 1.3 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 2B Syllabus, 2B ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2023 ~ Updated till [AS 2023) 2 & SynepsisIas Principles of geologic mapping and map reading 2B Projection diagrams 2B Stress and strain ellipsoid 2B Stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and ‘viscous materials 4 Strain markers in deformed rocks. 4 Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. 4 Folds classification and mechanics......s00 24 Fault classification and mechanics, 28 Structural analysis Of F1dS ....snnninnnne 25 Structural analysis of Foliations. 26 ictural analysis of lineation 26 Structural analysis of joints, 26 Structural analysis of faults, 26 Unconformities.....s0nnnnnnninennnnne 27 Superposed deformation (only IFS) 7 ‘Time relationship between crystallization and deformation, 7 Introduction to petrofabries (only IFS) 7 14 PALEONTOLOGY sn 28 Syllabus 28 1.4 (A) PALEONTOLOGY... 28 yllabus 28 Species- definition and nomenclatte sn. 28 Megafossils and Microfossils; Different kinds of microfossils, 28 Modes of preservation of fossils. 28 Application of microfossils 29 Application of microfossils in correlation 29 Application of microfossils in petroleum exploration . 29 www. synopsisias.com Synopsis IAS, Delhi —9 www.reedor.com Krishna, DAE, GOL Application of microfossils in paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies, 29 Index fossils and their significance. 29 1.4 (B) EVOLUTION. Syllabus, Evolutionary trend in Hominid... 30 Equidae 30 Proboscidea 30 Sivvalik fauna 30 Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance... 30 ‘Morphology. geological history and evolutionary ‘end in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa 31 Cephalopoda.. Trilobita, and its stratigraphic utility... 31 Brachiopoda.... oe 32 Echinoidea..... 32 Anthozoa.. Stratigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, 32 Graptoloidea 32 Miscellane0Uus, niin 32 1S INDIAN STRATIGRAPHY. 34 Syllabus, 4 (Classification of stratigraphic sequences a4 Principles of Stratigraphic correlation / Principles of stratigraphy. on 34 Correlation of unfossiliferous strata Cratons. Stratigraphic time scale . Misc... Lithostratigraphic classification. 4 Lithostratigraphy. 34 Litho Stratigraphic units/ Ranks... Biostratigraphic classification, 35 Chronostratigraphic classification 35 ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2023 ~ Updated till [AS 2023) 3 & SynepsisIas Magheosiagraphiecasication as Interrelationships of stratigraphic sequences - Litho, bio, chrono, magneto stratigraphic... 35 Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India. 35 Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance 36 Stratigraphy of Himalayas Deccan trap... Aravalli Supergroup... Stratigraphy of Kuch... Transgression and regressions Major boundary problems, 38. ‘Cambrian/Precambrian boundar Permian/Triassic boundary.. 38 Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary 38 Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. 38 Study of climatic conditions. 39 Paleogeography. sen 39 Igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past 9 Tectonic framework of India 9 Evolution of the Himalayas 39 1.6 HYDROGEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. a Syllabus 4 1.6 (A) HYDROGEOLOGY. AL Syllabus 4 Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water 4 Movement of subsurface Watet..n cnn A Springs 4 Porosity, permeability 4 Hydraulic conductivity aL ‘Transmissivity and storage coefficient 4 www. synopsisias.com Synopsis IAS, Delhi —9 www.reedor.com Krishna, DAE, GOI Classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks Groundwater chemistry Salt water intrusion ‘Types of wells... Drainage basin morphometry Exploration of groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of groundwater Rainwater harvesting, 1.6 (B) ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Syllabus, Engineering properties of rocks Geological investigations for dams Tunnels, Highways, railway’ and bridges. Rock as construction material 41 2 2 4 8 8 8 8 45 45 45 45 48 46 46 Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation Earthquake resistant structures. 2.1 MINERALOGY... Syllabus, 2.1 (A) CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.. Syllabus, 46 46 7 Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry 47 Intemational system of crystallographic notation; (Hermann Mauguin notation). Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry Crystal defects (only IFS) Elements of X-ray erystallography Petrological microscope and accessories (only IFS) 48 48 49 49 49 ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2023 ~ Updated till [AS 2023) 4 & SynepsisIas 2.2 (B) MINERALOGY Syllabus 50 50 Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups ‘Structural classification of silicates Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks Minerals of the carbonate groups. Minerals of the Phosphate groups. Minerals of the Sulphide groups Minerals of the Halide groups Clay minerals (only IAS). 2.2 (C) OPTICAL MINERALOG) Syllabus, Optical properties of common rock forming minerals Pleochroism. Extinction angle: Double refraction... Birefringence ‘Twinning, Dispersion in minerals 50 50 s1 5 5 SL 41 2 2 53 8 53 54 4 4 2.2 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY Syllabus, 2.2 (A) IGNEOUS PETROLOGY. Syllabus Generation and crystallization of magmas. Crystallization of albite-anorthite system Crystallization of Diopside-anorthite systems. Crystallization of Diopside-wollastonite-silica system. Bowen's Reaction principle. Magmatic differentiation and assimilation www. synopsisias.com Synopsis IAS, Delhi —9 58 38 56 7 www.reedor.com Krishna, DAE, GOL Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks, 7 Petrography and petrogenesis of granite 58 Syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasie groups... 58 Charnockite: 38 Anorthosite 58 ‘Alkaline rocks et) Carbonatites 59 Deccan volcanic province 59 2.2 (B) METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY .. Syllabus, ‘Types and agents of metamorphism. 60 ‘Metamorphic grades and zones 60 Phase Mile,...sninnnnnnnnn 61 Facies of regional and contact metamorphism... 61 ACF and AKF diagrams... : o Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks...62 ‘Metamorphism of arenaceous rocks. 02 ‘Metamorphism of argillaceous rocks 02 Metamorphism of basic rocks eo ‘Mineral assemblages, Retrograde metamorphism 6 Motasomatsm and granitization 6 Migmatites 6 Granite trains of Inia, 6 2.3 SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY esos 6 Syllabus. 64 Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation, cs Digenesis and lithification. ot Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification64 Petrography and depositional environment......65 Sedimentary facies 65 Provenance 65 ‘outube.com/synopsisias +91-9620206040 Geology PYQs (1979-2023 ~ Updated till [AS 2023) $ & SynepsisIas Krishna, DAE, GOL Sedimentary structures and their significance ... 65 2.5 MINING GEOLOGY n Heavy minerals and ther significance 66 Syllabus. n Sedimentary basins of India. 66 Methods of Prospecting, n 2.4 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY o7 Geological Methods of Prospecting... SyMADUS .ooconnsrninnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnne 67 Geochemical Methods of Prospecting... 72 2.4 (A) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY seanrnnseneson 67 Geobotanical Methods of Prospecting. 72 eyes - Geophysical Methods of Prospecting... 72 ‘Techniques of sampling RB Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of OFe....67 Estimation of ore reserve 7 Classification of ore deposits 67 Methods of exploration and mining- metallic ores Process of formation of minerals deposits... 67 industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and Controls of ore localization, 68 building stones on (Ore textures and structure 68 a Metallogenic epochs and provinces. 68 2.6 GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL 2.4 (B) GEOLOGY OF INDIAN DEPOSITS 0.69 ‘GEOLOGY 76 Syllabus “9 Syllabus. %6 ‘Aluminum 69 2.6 (A) GEOCHEMISTRY. Chromium io Syllabus. 16 Copper “9 Cosine abundance of elements 16 Gold 69 ‘Composition ofthe planets and meteorites... 76 Iron “ Structure and composition of Earth and Memes o

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