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Concrete Structures Design (1)

CIV211
3 Cr. Hrs. ( 3 Lect. , 1 Tut./Lab )

Lecture 3
Dr. Amr Galal Abdelhamid Abdellah
Lecturer Galala University
amr.galal@gu.edu.eg

Lecture 3

• Behavior and limit states design of RC section under flexure

• Analysis of RC beams under flexure

• Mechanics

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Design Philosophy

1. Safety
• Structure must be strong enough to support all anticipated loads
• Adequate visible signs should take place before failure
• No Progressive collapse disproportionate collapse

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2. Serviceability

• The structure must behave in a satisfactory manner under service

conditions
• This can be achieved by imposing
limits on deformation under working
loads to avoid excessive deformation

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3. Economy
The total cost which includes
• initial cost,
• Maintenance
• Insurance and repair

• The total cost is influenced by the structural design engineer

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• Functionality
A structure should fulfill its function
during its normal life, and this includes
change in :
• Loading
• Use
• Function

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Design method
• Design procedure involves the determination of the economical cross-
section and reinforcement details.

•  this can be achieved using Limit states design method of RC

structures (Egyptian code 2018)

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Limit states design method

• Limit states design method
1. Ultimate limit states
2. Serviceability limit states
3. Stability limit states

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Ultimate limit states

• The stresses should not exceed the limits of materials in order to
prevent collapse.

Strength ≥ Stress

Load
Max.
≥ Effects
Resistance
M, N, Q

fcu /c 1.5 ( DL + LL)

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Ultimate limit states

• Safety provisions
Structural member must always be designed to resist factored load
which applied by multiplying service load by factors.

• Ultimate load ( factored load, ECP 203)

•  Service load * magnification factor
Total load Wu= 1.4 * DL + 1.6 * LL ( if LL/DL > 0.75)

Wu= 1.5 * DL + 1.5 * LL ( if LL/DL < 0.75)

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Ultimate limit states

• Strength reduction factor

• Reduction of the material strength

Concrete strength Rebar strength =

= 0.67 fcu / c 0.67 fy / s

• c = 1.5 --- s = 1.15

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Design example
Square
Concrete DL = 100 ; LL = 100 kN
column fcu = 20 N/mm2

Theoretical Design Ultimate limit states design

 =W/A Wu = 1.5 ( 100 + 100 ) = 300 kN

A=W/ =
( )∗  = 0.67 * fcu /1.5 = 13.33 N/mm2
= 10000 𝑚𝑚2
A = 300 kN *1000 / 13.33 = 22500 𝑚𝑚2
 Square 100 mm * 100 mm  Square 150 mm * 150 mm

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Serviceability limit states

• Concerned with functional us of the structure

• Excessive deflection
• Excessive crack width
• Undesirable vibrations

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Stability Limit sates

• Stability
• Buckling of compression members
• Overturning
• Sliding
• Uplift
•  general cause for instability

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Reinforced concrete behavior

• Adequate strength in compression

• Minimal strength in tension
•  Reinforcement must be placed in tension

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Cracks and crack propagation

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Reinforced concrete behavior

• In design there are three stages of concrete behavior:

• Uncracked section ( reinforced concrete section before cracking)

• Cracked section , before yielding of reinforcement

• Ultimate limit stage

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Stage 1

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Stage 2

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Stage 3

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cu = 30 MPa

Concrete Steel

Stress - strain curve

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Load - Deflection curve of reinforced concrete beams

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Design stress and strain distribution for reinforced concrete

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Bending in beams

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References
• S. Pillai, D. Menon, “Reinforced Concrete Design”; 2nd Edition ; McGraw-Hill
Publishing
• J. K. Wight, J.G. MacGregor; “Reinforced Concrete: mechanics and design”;
6th Edition, Pearson, 2012

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