CHU DE > ~ _ TUVUNG TIENG ANH OoLoi néi dau Muc luc Bang tir viét tat ... Topic 1 Culture identity. Topic2 Education Topic3 Urbanization... Topic4 Global warming Topic 5 Nature in danger. Topic6 Energy..... 178 Topic7 Endangered species. 207 Topic8 Preservation. 240 Topic9 Volunteer work . 272 Topic 10 Healthy lifestyle and longevit 305 Topic 11. Life storie 335 Topic 12 Family life 372 Topic 13. Relationship. 406 Topic 14 Film and musi 437 Topic 15. Entertainment 468LOI NOI DAU Cac ban than mén! Ngit php va tir vung la hai mang khéng thé thiéu trong qué trinh hoc ngoai ngit néi chung va hoc tiéng Anh néi riéng. Hai pham tra nay sé g6p phn gitip chiing ta dat dugc sy thanh thao vé ng6n ngtt, Néu nhw ngit php cé cdc quy tac, c6 cu trite dé tuan theo thi tir vung lai Kh6ng c6 bat ctr quy tc nao. Do 46, da sé ngudi hoc déu thay rét khé aé hoc va nhé dugc tir vung, D6 1a cdn chua ké t6i cé rat nhiéu tir cé nghia gidng nhau nhung lai duoc str dung trong céc ngir canh khéc nhau va mét tir thi lai cé rét nhi8u nghia V6i mong muén gitip ngudi hoc cé phtong phap hoc tir vung hiéu qua, tac gid da bién soan bé s4ch 30 CHU DE TW’ VUNG TIENG ANH. Bé sdch cé 2 tap, mai tap gm 15 chit d8 tir vung bao quat tat cd nhiing chu d@ tir vung trong tam thudc moi linh vite cita doi sng. 0 mai bai, bén canh phan hé théng tir vung - cau tric theo chii dé bai hoc, con 6 m@t sé long bai tap thyc hanh lén v6i cdc dang bai nhu phat am, trong am, chon dap 4n ding, déng nghia-trdi nghia, doc hiéu, doc dién. BQ sach véi muc tiéu cung c&p cho ngudi hoc phuong phap hoc tir vung theo chit diém dé nhé tir theo hé théng, 4p dung vao bai tap thy hanh, lam bai tap gitip nhé tir va c6 vén tir dé doc hiéu duoc doan van tiéng Anh. Ngoai ra hoc tir vung dé khong nhitng gidip phat 4m ding ma con chudn ngir digu. Voi khoang hon 4000 tir vung ~ cdu trite va trén 2000 cau trac nghiém kém dp an 6 gidi thich chi tiét, chdc chdn b@ sach sé 1A cng cu tu hoc hitu hiéu, gitp nguoi hoc trau doi vin tir vung mét cdch higu qua nhit. Ngoai ra, cudn sdch cé thé durgc ding lam tw ligu tham Khao cho cdc anh chi, ban b ddng mén. Mic dit tac gid da rat cé ging song trong qué trinh bién soan b@ sch khOng thé trénh khdi nhiing thiéu sét, rétt mong nhan duoc sy déng g6p ¥ kién tir cdc ddc gid dé bd sdch dugc hoan thién hon. Tac gidBANG TU VIET TAT STT | Tén viét tat Tén viét day di Ynghia 1 s Subject Chi ngér 2 v Verb Dong tir 3 0 Object Tan ngir \4 A Adjective Tinh tir 5 Adv Adverb ‘Trang tir 6 N Noun Danh te 7 Vp2 Past participle Qué khir phan tir 8 Sb Somebody Mot ai dé 9 st Something Mot cdi gi dé 10 V-ing Gerund/ Present participle Danh déng tir/ Phan tir hién tai M1 Np Noun phrase Cum danh tirY) (Vvocapuary’ | me TOPIC 1 CULTURE IDENTIT stt| Twvyng | Tirloai Phién am Nghia 1 | Aboriginal /zba'ridganal/_| nguyén so, nguyén thiiy 2 |'ancestor n /ensestar/ —_ | té tién Anniversary n /aent'va:sori/ | 18 ki niém, ngay Ceremony n /'sermani/ | nghi thitc, nghilé 3. | Celebration n /sela'breifan/ | su t6 chiéc Bicentenary n /barsen'timari/ | 1é ki niém ctr 200 nam té chitc 1lin 4 | Assimilation n /asimtleifen/ | sw ddng héa “| 5 | Bravery n /'breivari/ su diing cam 6 |'Bridegroom n /'braidgru:m/ | chi ré 7 [Conflict n /‘konflikt/ sur xung dét 7 ‘Contract n /‘kontrekt/ hop déng Contractual a /kon'treektfual/ | thudc hop ding 9 | Conversely adv /konvs:sli/ | rigif@ele 10 | Coordinator n /kou's:dinertar/ | qguiphiomiop 11. [Currency n /karonsi/ | tin té 12 [Custom n /'kastam/ | phong tuc 13 | Deliberately adv /dvibaratli/ | iGBGeaRles BARES ROUnIERT: 14 [Denounce v /at'nauns/ _| t6'cdo, vach mat 15 | Dépravity n /drprevati/ — | sw truy lac Dismiss v /ai'smis/ | sa thai 16 | Dismissal n /di'smisal/ ssa thdi Dismissive /ar'smisiv/ | gat bd, xem thurong TOPIC 1+ CULTURE IDENTITY | 7sTT| Tirveng |Tiloai| _ Phién4m Nghia Diversity n /datvasati/ | sy da dang a7 | Diverse a /da’ da dang | Diversify v /dar'vaisifar/ | da dang héa Diversification n /daiva:sifi'keifn/ | sw da dang héa Extremely adv cue ki ag | completely adv : hoan toan Tremendously | adv | /tri'mendasli/ | khiing khiép, ghé gm Dramatically adv | /dro'maetikoli/ | détngot | 19 | Fate n /fert/ van ménh, dinh ménh 20 | Federation n /feda'reyfn/ | lién doan | 21 | Folktale n /foukteil/ | truyén dan gian 22 | Heritage 2 [heritids/ | disdin 23 | Hilarious a Thi'learies/ | vui nhdn 24 |Homophone 1 7homafoun/ | tte ding am Identify v Javdentifat/ | nhdn dién, nhan dang ag, | Hentification n | /aydentefikesfon/ | sw déng nha hod Identical a Jatdentikel/ | gidng nhau Identity n /atdentati/ tinh déng nhdt; ddc tinh 26 | Incense n /msens/ nhang, huwong 27 | Indigenous a Jin'didginas/ | ban xtt, ban dia 28 | Integration a Janti'grerfon/ | su hdi nhép 29 | Isolation n Jaaisollerfan/ | su co Idp, sur cach li 30 | Majority n /ma'dgprati/ | da sé Minority n /marnorati/ _ | thiéu sé | Marriage n /merids/ | sy két hon, hon nhan | 44 | Marital a /marital/ | thuéc hn nhan Marriageable a /'meridgabal/ | 6 thé, dit tur cdich két hn Married a [merid/ | da két hon 32 | Misinterpret v /msm'ta:prat/ | hiéu sai 33 | Mystery n [mistari/ | sy bfdn, sw huyén bi 34 | No-go n /nau'gau/ tinh trang bé tac 35 | Pamper v /pemper/ _| nuéng chiéu, cung chibu 36 | Patriotism n ['petriatizam/ | chit nghia yéu meéestr| Tirvyng | Tirloai Phién 4m Nghia 37 | Perception n 7p2'sepfan/ | sw nhdn thite Perceive v Jpe'siv/ _ | nhdn thdy, nhan thite 38 | Prestige n /pres'tiz3/ | thanh thé uy thé 39 | Prevalence n ['prevalons/ _ | sw phd bién, sw thinh hanh 40 | Privilege n /'privalids/ | déic quyén, dac an | a1 | Racism n /reistzam/ _| chti nghia phan biée ching toc Racial a /rerfal/ thude chiing téc ‘2 | Religion n Jetlidgan/ | t6n gido Religious a Jethidgas/ | thude v8 tén gido 43 | Restrain v /etstrem/ | kidm ché 44 | Revival 1 Jrivaval/ | su hai phuc, sw phuc sinh 45 | Solidarity n /soltderati/ | sw dodn két 446, | Superstition n /su:pa'stifan/ | sw mé tin dj doan Superstitious a /,suipa'stifes/_| mé tin di doan Symbol n 7simbal/ | biéu twong a7 | Svmbolize v /'simbalaiz/ | biéu twong héa symbolism n /'simbalizam/ | chii nghia twong treng symbolic a /sim'bolik/ | ewong trung, biéu trung 48 | Synthesis n /'smnbasis/ | sur tong hop | 49 | Unhygienic a | /anhardgimik/ | khéng hop vé sinh Well-established| a | /,welt'staeblijt/ | diéng virng, ton tai lau ben 50 | Well-advised a /welad'varzd/ | khon ngoan Well-built a Jwel'bilt/ | luc dng, cwéng tréing Well-balanced a Jwel'beelanst/ | ding muc, didu d6 E srmucTunes) STT Lay down the law Cu trac Nghia ‘Against the law pham luat Within the law dting luat 1 | Above the law dieng trén/ngodi luat By law theo ludt diéu v6 giwong oai TOPIC 1+ CULTURE IDENTITY | 9STT Cau tric Nghia 2 |Approve/disapprove of __ | déng tinh/phan déi 3 | Atthe right time = as regular as clockwork= on the dot = on time: diing gid’ 4 | Beard the lion in one’s den: cham chan ai dé 5 |Closetothebone __—| xc pham 6 | Come into play = bring st into play: cd tdc dung, c6 higu qua, link nghiém 7 [Down to the wire védo phiit cudi 8 | For fear of st/doing st visg edi gi/lam gi Get rid of = remove loai bé 5 Face up to d6i mat voi Get over vwot qua Wipe out x6a sé 10 | Let go of = give up tir bd 11 |Loss and grief=sadness | budn rdw 12 | Make a decision on st quyét dinh cdi gi 13 | Object to/have objection to | phdn adi 14 | On the flip side = on the other hand: mat khéc Prior to st before a particular time or event: trukéc mét thoi gian/sie kién dic 15 | siétndo dé 16 | Scold sb for doing st méng ai vi da lam gi sai 17 | Sense of self cm xtc, ty thite vé ban than [ 18 [Soso tam tam 19 | The tip of iceberg: chi la mét phdn nhé cua mét van dé phitc tap 20 | Tie the knot = get married | két hén ‘WE PRACTICE EXERCISES |) Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. festival B. highlight C.community _D. bravery Question 2: A. spirit B. unity C. image D. protect Question 3: A. worship B. province C. sacrifice D. unique 10 |Question 4: A. official B. similar C.conclusion _D. traditional Question 5: A. definition B. nationality _—C. globalization _D. generation Question 6:A. ancestor —_B. identifier C.achievement —_D. adjusting Question 7: A. numerous B. currency C. obviously D. perceived Question 8: A. significance _B. majority C.unhygienic —_D. depravity Question 9: A. specific B. debate C.denounced —_D.assignee Question 10: A. pampered _ B. crucially C.counterpart —_D. conversely Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 11: A. expressed _B. preserved C.maintained —_D, wondered Question 12: A. costumes _B. celebrates C. believes D. examples Question 13: A. various B. value C. aspect D. impact Question 14: A. identity _B. ethnicity C inherit D. individual Question 15: A. language —_B. luggage C heritage D. teenage Question 16: A. passionate _B. integrate c D. demonstrate Question 17: A. nation B. national C.nationality _D. nationalize Question 18: A. regional _B. religion C. ceremony D. regard Question 19: A.conclude —_B, conceal C.concentrate —_D. conduct Question 20:A. clothing —_-B. cloth C. clothes D. clothed Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 21: Students are restrained from eating bananas prior to an exam for nn Of failing ‘like sliding on a banana skin’. A. cheer B. fear C. scare D. anger Question 22: Regarding what food to avoid before taking an important examination, homophones and the shape of your food comes into ows A.action B. fact C reality D. play Question 23: People often avoid eating squash, pumpkin, melon and peanuts before their exams because they suppose that it is a A. no-go B.soso C. way out D. bright side TOPIC 1+ CULTURE IDENTITY | 11Question 24: When you first arrive in a foreign culture, often your first reaction is - positive. Everything seems exciting, different and fascinating. A. extremely B. completely C.tremendously _D. dramatically Question 25: ____ nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the case in society. A. Marriage B. Marital C.Marriageable —_—D. Marrying Question 26: It was the... that the fathers made the decision on whom their children were going to marry. A. religion B. superstition C. custom D. fate Question 27: We are all too _ of traditions in our modern world, but they can have a very strong impact on us. A. dismissing B. dismissal C. dismissed D. dismissive Question 28: Most young people nowadays believe in nna -nsnee Marviage ~ first comes love, then comes marriage. ‘A. romantic B. unique C. contractual D. arranged Question 29: Most Americans don't object... being called by their first names. A.about B. for Cin D.to Question 30: liked ao dai, kimono, hanbok help preserve a country's heritage and educate people about their history. A. National costumes B. Tradition food C. Traditions and customs D, Folktales Question 31: People from Brazilian and North American cultures have different feelings about lateness. Brazilians expect a person with status or to arrive late, while in the United States, lateness is usually considered to be disrespectful and unacceptable. A. prevalence B. prestige C. privilege D. position Question 32: Americans believe in ‘romantic’ marriage - a boy and a girl are sus to each other, fall in love, and decide to marry each other. A. loved B. handed C.attracted D. married Question 33: The custom of payingabride price beforemarriageisstilla__ part of many African cultures. A. well-established _ B. well-advised C. well-built D. well-balanced Question 34: In modern times, although people still remain the custom of paying a bride price, it is occasionally quite small and its value is mainly — A. symbol B. symbolize C. symbolism D. symbolic 12 |Question 35: Most weddings in Japan start with a religious _ in which usually only family members attend. A. anniversary B. ceremony C.celebration D. bicentenary Question 36: In most weddings in Japan, guests give the bride and groom goshuugi - uss Money in special envelopes. A. gift B. present C. reward D. giving Question 37: Changes in attitudes, family values, generational status can occur in both the majority and minority cultures as the two interact; however, one culture dominates. Avrarely B. typically C. specially D. uncommonly Question 38: On the flip side, the world wide __ ofa couple of languages that have a large number of speakers has led to the death of several less popular languages. A, abortion B. rejection C. adoption D. adaption Question 39: It is important to understand the culture religion of the country that you are travelling to and a little research before you leave will help A, tremendously _B. dramatically C.comparatively _D. violently Question 40: The custom of. ancestors is a beautiful, rich, and colorful and joyful tradition in Vietnamese culture. A. praying B. honoring C. respecting D. worshiping Question 41: are aware that a language becoming extinct does not necessarily mean that the people who spoke it have all died. A, Linguistic B. Linguists C. Language D. Lingual Question 42: Why is culture important and how does it answer the question “what is cultural — 2? A. identity B. identify G.identification _D. identical Question 43: Culture is the underlying... of traditions and beliefs that help a person relate to the world around them. A. institution B. foundation C. organization D. principle Question 44: Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to for our roots. A.find B. look C. search D. seek Question 45: Asa person has given up their cultural identity, they no longer can identify themselves with the things that were the most important things in their lives. A.at once B. once C.one time D. for once TOPIC 1+ CULTURE IDENTITY | 13Question 46: Since ___...___. texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are supposed to find an expert willing to explain their significance. A. sacred B. scared C religious D. spiritual Question 47: It cannot be denied that global communications will become even more powerful in... influencing our cultural identity. A. potentially B. probably G.likely D. possibly Question 48: Accepting that changes are _ does not mean that we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. A. avoidable B. unavoidable C. stoppable D. unstoppable Question 49: Once people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are about to lose their sense of A. humor B. responsibility _C. self D. honesty Question 50: Although there are over fifty origin /‘oridgin/ (n): ngudn gc, bat dauSTT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an Xét cdc d4p an: A. beginning /br'ginn/(n): ngudn gd, bat nguén B. cause /ko:z/ (n): nguyén nhan, déng co C.reason /‘ri:zan/ (n): I do D. roof /ru:f/ (n): mai nha 54 Tam dich: Theo truyén thuyét, khi mOt dita tré dat chiée rang rung due6i géi cia minh truéc khi di ngd, sau nita dém, khi nd dang say gidc, c6 Tién Réing sé lay di chiéc réing va dé lai m6t thit khéc duéi géi. In the wee hours: gid ngay sau nika dém Xét cdc dp an: A. early in the evening: vira vao buéi téi B. soon after midnight: ngay sau nita dém C. late in the morning: vdo buéi sng muén D, long before bedtime: rét du truréc khi di ngti 55 Tam dich: Hén nhan sdp dat la mét ddu hiéu cho thdy ngwoi ta khéng muén buéng bé qué khit, diéu d6 lam ho thdy yén 6n va an toan trong thé giéi luén luén thay déi. let go of: buéng bé, budng tay Xét cdc dap An: A. give up: tir bé B. turn off: edit C. save up: dé danh D. give in: nhugng bé, dau hang 56 Tam dich: M6t c6 gai cang cé nhiéu tién va dat dai thi cdng cé nhiéu co h6i cé dwec cudc hén nhdn tét dep. Do dé, quan trong la bé ciia cé chon duoc chang ré tat. > bridegroom /'brardgru:m/ (n): chti ré, vi hén phu Xét cdc dap an: A. bridesmaid /'brardzmerd/ (n): phir dau B, bride /‘bratd/ (n): c6 ddu C. daughter-in-law (n): con dau D. son-in-law (n): con ré 57 Tam djch: Ba dang vin héa la mot thudt ngit duoc sit dung dé mé td nhiéu van héa khéc nhau ciing tn tai trong mét nén van héa lén > diversity /dar'va:sati/ (n): da dang TOPIC 1+ KEYS | 31Dap an thich chi tiét dap an { str f } Xét cdc dap an: A. variety /vo'ratati/ (n): da dang B, variability /,veoria'bilati/ (n): tinh bi&n thién C. verification /,verihi'kerfan/ (n): sw thdm tra, xdc minh D. variation /,veorieifon/ (n): su thay d6i 58 Tam dich: Ngwoi Han téing sdch cho trwéng hoc 6 In-d6-né-xi-a, va ngu6i In-d6-né-xi-a day nguéi Han mét diéu miia truyén théng. Su trao déi nay gitip ho hiéu biét van héa ldn nhau. — exchange /1ks'tfemd3/ (n): sw trao di, giao dich Xét céc dap 41 A. giving and receiving things at the same time: cho nhdn cing thoi diém B. trying many different things at the same time: thir nhiéu thi citng thei diém C. the process of changing an amount of one currency: tién trinh thay déi mét lwong tién té D. an arrangement for two people/parties to me: su‘ thu xép cho hai ngwoi bén toi 59 Tam dich: Dai séng vein héa tai New Orleans la t6 hyp déng gdp ctia cd ngudi da den va da tring. ~ synthesis /'sm@asis/ (n): su tng hop Xét cdc dap A. product /'prodakt/ (n): hang héa, sén phd B. demonstration /,deman'streifan/ (n): cudc biéu tinh G. reflection /ri'flekfan/ (n): sw phdn xa D. combination /,kombr'nerfan/ (n): sy phdi hgp, 06 hop 60 Tam dich: Quan hé truéc hon nhén bj phén d6i manh mé 6 mOt vai nén vin héa. = disapprove /,disa'pru:v/ (v): khéng tén thanh Xét cdc dap an: A. object /‘obdsikt/ (v): phan ddi B. reject /r1'dgekt/ (v): tte chéi C. project /‘prodgekt/ (v): chiéu ra D. inject /m'dgekt/ (v): tiémSTT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an 61 Tam djch: 0’ vén héa chau Au va Béc MY, hanh vi ngén ngit co thé duoc chia thanh 2 nhém: mé hay déng va tréc hay sau. > divide /dr'vard/ (v): chia Xét cdc dap an: A. separate /‘separeit/ (v): tdch ra B. integrate /‘mtigrett/ (v): tich hop C. merge /ms:d3/ (v): hop nhat D. cooperate /kau'pparert/ (v): hop téc 62 Tam dich: Trong qué khi, nhitng mén Gn duoc cho la dem lai may mdn, nhu tom va cé trap bién, duoc phuc vu rét nhibu. ~ fortune /‘fo:tfum/ (n): van may Xét cdc dap An: A. excitement /ik’saitmant/ (n): su phdn khich B. luck /lak/ (n): sw may man C. money /‘mani/ (n): tin D. benefit /'bentfit/ (n): loi ich 63 Tam dich: Ngay nay, cdc céip déi thuéng chon két hon theo nhiéu cdch khdc nhau, tir khong t6 chitc gi dé tiét kiém, hay té chite mét cach hodnh trang. > tie the knot: két hén Xét cdc dap an: A. get engaged: dinh hén B. get married: két hon C. fasten the rope: buéc chdit day D. loosen the tie: néi Iéng ca vat 64 Tam djch: Ngweoi dan dia phurong cho rang 16 hoi la mét co hdi dé day thé hé tré tinh théin yéu nuéc va ban linh. ~ patriotism /‘pzetriatizam/ (n): tinh théin yéu muroc Xét cdc dap an: A. heroism /‘herauizem/ (n): chit nghia anh hing B. justice /‘dgastis/ (n): cing bang C. loyalty /‘lorelti/ (n): trung thanh D. truth /tru:@/ (n): sw that TOPIC 1+KEYS | 33SsTT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an 65 Tam dich: Biéu nay déic biét quan trong trong thoi dai todn cau héa, khi céic quéc gia phdi d6i mat véi thir théch cam go dé bao tin ban sc vain héa riéng ctia ho. 1/ (a): khé khéin, nén cht A. intimidating /m'tumidertiy/ (a): dang so” B. delighting /di'lartm/ (a): thi vi C. encouraging /in’karid3in/ (a): khich 16 D. urging /'3:dm/ (a): thiic giuc TRAINGHIA 66 Tam dich: O My, nguoi ta rat quan trong viéc diing gid trong mot cuéc hen, mét gid hoc hay mét budi hop mdt, v.v... > punctual/"panktfual/ (a): ding gir Xét cdc dap an: A. at the right time: vdo ding thoi diém B. as regular as clockwork: déu dan nhu dong hd C. on the dot: diing gio D. down to the wire: dén phuit cudi cng 67 Tam dich: Néu ngwéi Brazil tré hen voi nguoi Bac My, nguéi Bac Mj dé sé hiéu sai ly do muén va sé gidn. ~ misinterpret /,mism'ts:prat/ (v): hiéu sai Xét cdc dap an: A. mismanage /,mis'maenids/ (v): quan Iy té B. understand /,anda'staend/ (v): hiéu C. misunderstand /,mrsanda'steend/ (v): hiéu nhim D. misreport /,misri'po:t/ (v): bdo cdo sai 68 Tam dich: Tuy quan trong, nhueng nhitng ddu hiéu vain hod ré ring dugc chii tém truyén thu va tigp thu chi Ia b8 néi cia nén véin hod. = deliberately /drliboratli/ (adv): chil tm, o6 chit y tir true Xét cde dap an: A. slowly /‘slouli/ (adv): tir tir B. accurately /'zekjuratli/ (adv): chfnh xdc C. unintentionally /,anmn'tenfonali/ (adv): v6 tinh D. randomly /‘raendomli/ (adv): ngdu nhiénSTT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an 69 Tam dich: Tai My, m6t dita tré dwoc phép nhin théing vao phu huynh hodc gido vién dang la méing nd. > scold /'skauld/ (v): la mang Xét cdc dap an: A. reproach /ri'praut{/ (v): ché bai B. criticize /‘kritisaiz/ (v): chi trich C. praise /preiz/ (v): ca nggi D. insult /‘msalt/ (v): xtic pham 70 Tam dich: 0 Mj, moi ngwéi duoc khuyén khich nhin thdng vao ngudi giao tiép véi ho béi vi né thé hién sw hing thii voi nhéeng gi ho n6i va digu a6 dug cho la mang dén mét cdm gidc trung thurc > honesty /‘pnasti/ (n): trung thue | Xét cdc dap an: A. politeness /pa'laitnas/ (n): lich su B. sincerity /sin'serati/ (n): chén thanh C. deceitfulness /dr'siztfalnas/ (n): gian déi D. faithfulness /‘fer®falnas/ (in): chung thiiy 71 Tam dich: Té6i danh mé6t tuéin dé cé lién lac voi ngai Toynbee qua din thogi, nhung thw kt ctia éng ta luén bdo t6i ring éng dy qué ban dé néi chuyén véi t6i. Hom nay t6i da di théng t6i van phong 6ng ta va d6i mat trurc tiép véi dng ta. ~ bearded the lion in his den: vao hang him bat cop con, gap true tiép Xét cdc dap an: A. confronted him on his own territory: déi dau véi éng ta trén Idinh thé cia éng dy B. avoided being recognized by him: trdnh bj 6ng ta nhén ra C.had no chance of meeting him: khéng cé co h6i gp 6ng ta D, bumped into him: cham trdn 6ng ta 72 Tam dich: Van héa dugc dién ta nhu mét dac trung dwer chia sé va gan két moi ngudi Iai voi nhau thanh mét c6ng ding. > bind /bamd/ (v): rang budc X6t cde dap An: A. divide /dr'vaid/(v):chia _B. engage /in'geid3/ (v): tham gia C force /fo:s/ (v): ép bude __—_—D. unite /jusinait/ (v): doan két TOPIC 1+KEYS | 35stT | Dapan Giai thich chi tiét dap an 73 D Tam dich: Mét khi ban duoc nhéin vao hoc & mét trrdng phé thong hay dai hoc, vige trrdng hoc phan biét d6i xi voi ban vi tn gido hogic tin ngudng Id trai phdp ludt. — against the law: trdi ludt Xét cdc dp an: A. above the law: ding trén ludt B. laying down the law: dat ra ludt C. by law: theo ludt D. within the law: trong lu@t 74 A Tam dich: Héa nhdp va ding héa cé thé gitip lam gidm cam gid métt mat va dau budn khi ngwoi di cw bdt dau tiép thu cdc khfa canh ctia nén véin héa. — loss and grief: mt mat va dau bubn Xét cdc dap an: A. happiness /‘heepinas/ (n): hanh phiic B, disapproval /,diso'pru:val/ (n): phdn d6i C. discrimination /diskrimrneifon/ (n): phan biét d6i xit D. sadness /'seednas/ (n): budn 75 B Tam dich: 0 quéc gia 6, khdch thong cam thdy ho khéng duoc danh gid cao néu thiép moi dén tiéc t6i chi duoc giti truréc dé ba dén bén ngay. — regard /ri'ga:d/(v): ddnh gid, coi trong Xét cdc dap an: A. admire /ad'matar/(v): ngwong m6 B. disrespect /,disrt'spekt/(v): coi thuéng, xem thurong C. worship /'warfip/(v): ton thor D. expect/ik'spekt/(v): mong doi, ki vong 76 D Tam dich: Tat nhién la t6i dién rd nhwng sw phé binh cia cha ve viéc t6i dang Idng phi cudc dot la thiéu té nhi. ~ close to the bone: thiéu té nhi, cot nh Xét cdc dap an: A. annoying/a'noim/ (a): choc titc, lam buec minh B. offensive/a'fenstv / (a): téin cong C. personal/‘ps:sana/ (a): od nhan D. respectful/r1'spektfal/ (a): 6 phép, diy ton trongSTT | Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an 17 B | Tam djch: Khéng gi quy gid c6 thé dén tt vic hdi sinh tinh than thugng v6 ctia Bite, tot hon la dé Iai né phia sau hodic chén n6. ~ revival /rr'vaval/ (1): sw phuc hoi Xét cdc dap An: A. awakening /a'wetkenm/ (n): su thitc tinh B. destruction /dr'strakfan/ (n): hiy diét C. improvement /m‘pru:vmant/ (n): cdi thién D. population /,popja'leifan/ (n): dan sé 78 B | Tam dich: Kootenay-Jobin n6i rding trai nghiém hdi nhdp vain héa c6 thé té hon bai nhiing thach thitc nhw phan biét ching téc va nha &: ~ exacerbate /1g'zzesabert/ (v): tréim trong hon, té hon, xdu di Xét cdc dap an: A. increase /in'kri:s/(v); tding B, improve /im'pru:v/(v): cdi thién C. provoke /pra'vauk/ (v): kich déng D. worsen /‘wa:san/ (v): xdu di 79 B | Tam dich: Su thay d6i van héa déng nhdt cé thé gay caing thang va dén toi vdn dé vé long tw trong va sttc khée tinh than. ~ problems with self-esteem: vdin dé vé long tw trong Xét cdc dap an: A. anxiety /zen‘zarati/ (n): lo lang B. confidence /‘konfidans/ (n): tu tin C. dissatisfaction /dis,saetis'feekfan/ (n)/: phn tén D. modesty /‘mpdisti/ (n): sw khiém tén 80 C | Tam dich: Nhéing cdng thang sau di cw bao gdm séc vin héa va xung 6t, ca hai diéu nay c6 thé dén t6i cdm gidc nhiim lin ve van héa, xa anh, c6 lap va trim cm. ~ alienation /ilia'neifan/ (n): xa lénh Xét cAc dap an: A. disconnection /,diska'nektfan/ (n): mat két néi B, loneliness /‘launlinas/ (n): c6 don C. sympathy /‘simpadi/ (n): ding cém D. unfriendliness /an'frendlinas/ (n): khéng thdn thién TOPIC 1+KEYS | 37stT | Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap 4n DOC DIEN 81 |B |A.spirit /'spmit/ (n): tinh than B. spiritual /'spritfual/ (a): (thudc) tam hén, than thanh C. spiritless/'spiritlas/ (a): khng con nding long D. spirited/'spiritid/ (a): day khi thé Ta cé truéc danh tt “life” va sau tinh tir sé hifu “my” ta can mot tinh tir dé bé nghia nén ta loai A. Can ctr vao nghia cita cau: “the event is also the best time of the year for Vietnamese people to spend time on their (81) life and pay respect to religious institutions” (Dip lé nay la thi gian thich hgp nha trong néim dé nguoi Viet Nam danh thoi gian cho cudc séng tam linh cita minh va bay t6 long thanh kinh v6i nhimng tin ngwéng ton gido) 82 B | A.deep-seated (a): su sdc B, deep-rooted (a): lau doi C. deep-pocketed (a): du dé D. deep-fried(a): chién gidn Ta dya vao nghia cita cau: “Visiting pagodas on the first days of the year has long been a (82) nu tradition” (Bi chita trong ngay dau ndim méi la mét truyén théng Idu doi cia ngweoi dén Viét Nam.) 83 c O day phia sau ché tréng 44 cé mot ménh dé day dit chi ngir va dong tir nén dé thay thé cho tir “Ié chia” & phia truéc ta can mot trang tir quan hé. Can cir vao nghia cia cau: “in Vietnam, the custom is described as "L@ Chia” - (83) - “@ means not only visiting but also showing respects in all sincerity to Buddha and Gods of the pagodas or temples.” (0 Viét Nam, truyén théng nay durgc goi la “Lé Chia” - & day “Ié” khong chi c6 nghi la swe viéng tham ma cén lé sw bay t6 long kinh trong v6i ditc Phat va cdc Thain 6 chua.) 84 A Attempt to V: cé géding lam giSTT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an 85 ‘A. Beside: bén canh B. Moreover: hon nita, ngoai ra C. In addition to + V-ing/N: bén canh lam gi/cdi gi D, Thus: do dé Ta dya vao nghia cita cau: “everyone attempts to burn an incense to wish for best wishes for the New Year like healthiness, happiness and wealth. (85) _ . praying at pagodas and temples is among the best ways to go out and enjoy the spring.” (Moi nguoi cé ging thép huong dé clu chtic nhétng diéu t6t dep nhdt cho ndm méi nh stic khée, niém vui va su gidu cd. Hon nita, di chia clu nguyén la mét trong nhiing cach t6t nhdt dé ra ngoai va tan huéng mita xudn.) DOC HIEU 86 Cau nao trong cdc cau sau cé thé 1a ¥ chinh cia doan van? A. Loai ché va nhérng tin ngwong khac nhau trén thé giéi B. Nhiing quan diém vé loai vat & cdc nén van hod. C. Tin dd Hi gido va cdc quan diém khac nhau vé cdc loai vat. D. Nhiing gi nén hoc truée khi dén mot dat nurée khac. Can cit thong tin doan 1: Your animal or hobby may be perceived in a completely different lightin another culture soit’simportantto consider the significance given to specific animals in different parts of the world and general perceptions towards them. (Céch nhin vé dong vat hod sé thich ctia ban c6 thé hodn toan bién déi trong mét nén van hoa khéc, vi vay diéu quan trong ld phdi xem xét y nghia ciia lodi vat cu thé dé 6 cdc noi khdc nhau trén thé giéi va nhdn thitc chung déi véi chting.) 87 Theo doan 2, cu nao Ia khéng ding? A. Loai ché dugc A6i xik tét va duoc yéu thwong & My va Anh. B, Tin d® Hoi gido IA nhiing ngudi xem loai ché 1a nhieng con thi nudi tét nhat trong nha. C. Nhitng ngwéi ma tén gido la Dao Hi khéng thfch nudi ché trong nha. D. Loai ché 1a vi du dién hinh cia cdc quan diém khac nhau trén thé gidi vé loai vat. TOPIC1+KEYS | 39“STT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an C&n cit théng tin doan 2: One example which is often mentioned in popular press is the case of dogs. In some cultures, like the US or UK, dogs are loved and considered a great pet to have at home and with the family. In other cultures, such as those where Islam is the majority religion, dogs may be perceived as dirty or dangerous. Muslims’ treatment of dogs is still a matter of debate amongst Islamic scholars . While these animals are widely considered by many Western cultures to be ‘man’s best friend’, the Koran describes them as unhygienic. Muslims will therefore avoid touching a dog unless he can wash his hands immediately afterwards, and they will almost never keep a dog in their home. (Mét vi du thong duoc dé cap trong bdo chi phé théng Ia trong hop ctia ché. Trong mét s6 nén van héa, nh My hay Anh, ché duoc jyéu thwong va dugc coi la mét vat nudi tuyét voi trong nha va voi gia dinh. Trong cdc nén van héa khdc, chdng han nhw nhi¢ng noi ma Hai gido la ton gido chinh, ché c6 thé bj coi Id ban hodic nguy hiém. Viéc a6i xt v6i ché cia nguéi Hoi gido van la van dé tranh ludn gitta cdc hoc gid Hi gido. Trong khi nhiig con vat nay duoc nhiéu nén vin héa phuong Tay coi la ‘ngwoi ban t6t nhat, thi kinh Koran mé td ching Id khéng hop vé sinh. Ngwéi Hoi gido do d6 sé trdnh cham vao mét con ché trir khi anh c6 thé rika tay ngay sau a6, va ho hau nhw khéng bao gid’ gitt m6t con ché trong nha cita ho.) 88 Tir “unhygienic” trong doan 2 gin nghia nhat véi tir. A. khong dang tin B. khOng thé trong mong duoc C. khong lanh manh, sach sé D. kh6ng thé chp nhan duge Tir dong nghia: unhygienic (khéng vé sinh, khdng sach sé) = unhealthy While these animals are widely considered by many Western cultures to be ‘man’s best friend’, the Koran describes them as unhygienic. Muslims will therefore avoid touching a dog unless he can wash his hands immediately afterwards, and they will almost never keep a dog in their home. (Trong khi nhiing con vat nay duoc nhieu nén viin héa phurong Tay coi ld ‘nguei ban t6t nhdt; thi kinh Koran mé td ching la khéng hop vé sinh. Ngwéi HDi gido do dé sé trdnh cham vao mét con ché trit khi anh c6 thé rita tay ngay sau 46, vd ho hiiu nhw khéng bao gid’ gitt m6t con ché trong nha ctia ho.)STT Dap an Giai thich chi tiét 4p an 89 Tir “this” trong doan 3 dé cp dén diéu gi? A. ban la mét ngudi dugc uy nhiém quéc té B. ban dang s6ng va lam viée A Rap Xé Ut hay mét quéc gia A Rap khac C. ban dang nudi mét con ché lam thi cung D. mét gido si da timg t6 cdo ‘su dbi bai vé dao dite’ cia nhiing ngudi nudi ché va tham chf con yéu cau bat git ho Can cir théng tin doan 3: Tir “This” dang d& cap dén viée “mét gido si da timg t6 cdo ‘sy doi bai vé dao dic’ cia nhiing nguoi nuéi ché va tham chi cdn yéu chu bat gitr ho”. In Iran, for instance, a cleric once denounced ‘the moral depravity’ of dog owners and even demanded their arrest. If you are an international assignee living and working in Saudi Arabia or another Arabic country, you should remember this when inviting Arab counterparts to your house in case you have a dog as a pet. (Vidu, 6 Iran, mét gido si da ting t6 cdo ‘sw adi bai v8 dao ditc’ cia nhitng ngudi nudi ché va thm chi con yéu cau bat gitk ho. Néu ban 1d mét nguéi durgc uy nhigm quéc té sinh séng va lam viée tai A Rap Xé Ut hotic mét quéc gia A Rap khdc, ban nén nhé diéu nay khi moi cdc d6i tac A Rép dén nha ciia ban trong treéng hop ban cé nudi mét con ché.) 90 Ti “pampered” trong doan 3 cé thé dugc thay thé tét nhat béi tir A.nuéngchiéu —B. trangdiém C.chimséc__D. ton trong Tir dng nghia: pampered (nuéng chiéu) = indulged A Middle Eastern man might be very surprised when going to Japan, for instance, and seeing dogs being dressed and pampered like humans and carried around in baby prams! (Vi du, mét ngudi dan ng Trung Bong c6 thé rdt ngac nhién khi dén Nhét Ban va thdy ché duoc mac quéin do va nuéng chiéu nhur con ngurdi va mang di dgo trong xe ddy em bé!) TOPIC 1+KEYS | 41STT ‘pap an | Giai thich chi tiét dap 4n 91 Tac gia d8 c4p dén loai bd trong doan 4 nhw la 1 vi du cla ‘A. Mot biéu tuong cia mat quéc gia nhd vao chat rgng cao vé dinh duéng. B, loai vat linh thiéng & Argentina. C.loai vat ma durgc quan niém khéc nhau & nhigu nn van hod. D. nhitng gi cé thé gay ngac nhién cho ngwai Argentina trong bita ti. Cn cir vao thong tin doan 4: Dogsare not the only animals which are perceived quite differently from one culture to another. In India, for example, cows are sacred and are treated with the utmost respect. Conversely in Argentina, beef is a symbol of national pride because of its tradition and the high quality of its cuts, An Indian working in Argentina who has not done his research or participated in a cross cultural training programme such as Doing Business in Argentina may be surprised at his first welcome dinner with his Argentinean counterparts where a main dish of beef would be served. (Ch6 khong phdi la déng vat duy nhat dugc nhén thie kha khéc nhau tit mét nén van héa khdc. Vi du, & An BO, bo ld vat link thiéng va duoc déi xit voi su ton trong tdi da. Ngugc lai 6 Argentina, thit bd Id mét biéu trong ciia niém tr hao dan t6c vi truyén théng va chéit lweng cao ctia cdc miéng cat. Mét ngwoi An D6 lam viée tai Argentina, khi chua nghién citu hogc tham gia chuong trinh dao tao vin héa da dang nhuw Kinh doanh 6 Argentina, c6 thé ngac nhién truéc bita dn tdi chdo dén dau tién véi cdc déi tac Argentina cua minh khi ma mén chinh chinh la thjt bo.) 42 |STT 92 Dap an Giai thich chi tiét dap an Tac gid da 8 xuat digu gi trong doan cudi? A. anh gid cdc vat thé hay loai vat & cac quéc gia khdc truéc khi én 46 1A rat quan trong. B. Dé trnh cit séc vin hod, moi ngudi khéng nén séng va lam viée & m6t n’n van hod khac. C. Hiéu céc quan diém khdc nhau vé loai vat sé gittp cho ban tranh duge sy hiéu nm & mot quéc gia khac D. N6i chuyén vé cdc quan diém khdc nhau voi ngudi khac sé gitp ban vugt qua tinh khéng nhay cam. Cn ctf vao théng tin doan cuéi: It is therefore crucial to be aware of the specific values assigned to objects or animals in different cultures to avoid faux-pas or cultural misunderstandings, particularly when living and working in another culture. Learning how people value animals and other symbols around the world is one of the numerous cultural examples discussed in Communi ‘id's intercultural training courses. Understanding how your international colleagues may perceive certain animals can help you ensure you aren't insensitive and it may even provide you with a good topic for conversation. (Do 6, diéu quan trong Id phdi nhén thite duoc cdc gid tri cu thé dai quy dinh cho cdc d6i twong hodc déng vat trong cdc nén vn héa khdc nhau dé trénh sw hiéu lim vé van héa, déc biét khi song va lam viéc trong mét nén vin héa khdc, Hoc céch con nguéi coi trong dng vat va cdc biéu twgng khéc trén thé gi6i la mét trong nhiéu vi du véin héa duoc thao ludn trong cdc khéa ddo tao lién van héa cia Communicaid, Hiéu dugc cach cdc déng nghiép quéc té ctia ban c6 thé nhén thitc vé mét s6 déng vat nhdt dinh cé thé gitip ban dam bao ban khéng v6 y va tham chi cé thé cung cdp cho ban mét chi dé tot cho cuéc tré chuyén.) TOPIC 1+KEYS | 43