« geahi0) at, sph? ation) HAN Bpon™> eee. = Tact Cees + Embedded in individual experience» Sibjy 7 «Sestractions * Canbelanltoceise, srefe eich finedely Explicit © Documented a aby «formal sveriBabie « Lebiobaple + mewsorable * Putintoa shareable language ~ cammteaed ~ Converting data.tovinformation, and information-to-knowledge describes a value continuum of explicit knowiedge. . ~The tools and business processes of KM are intended to enhance this continuum of value ~ Getting people to author the knowledgebase isa KM challenge ~ so make it easy ~ Gategories must be clear and unambiguous ‘Make it “in the flow” SECI Model ~ The SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization) model is a wellknown conceptual model that was first proposed by. ‘Nonaké (1991 and expanded by Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) > _ The SECI model of knowledge dimensions is a model of knowledge creation that explains how tacit and explicit ial knowledge. © Itdescribes how explicit and tact knowledge is generated, transferred, and recreated in organizations. : — aaa ae Tak GE titer exe | es loose i Portal 7 Tact | SSS A SeRoed Se = : eee = sass f' Se oe =u WSS oot —— —< eae = chinn: Tae | ee alt restora eters | oT ‘rms Dag eae feaercetane , \owiedgeConvensiy = 1. Tacit to Tacit (Socialization) ~ This dimension explains Social interaction as tacit to tacit Knowledge transfer, sharing tacit knowledge through face-to-face or share knowledge through experiences, = For example, meetings and brainstorm can support this kind of interaction, ‘+ Since tacit knowledge is dificult to formalize and often time and space specific, tacit knowledge can be acquired only through shared experience, such as spending time together or lvingin the same environment. * Socialization typically occurs in a traditional apprenticeship, where apprentices learn the tacit knowledge needed in their craft through hands-on-experience, rather than from written manuals or textbooks —ewe ‘+ Socialization: Process of transforming individual tacit knowledge into group tacit knowledge through shared experiences.2. Tacit to Explicit (Externalization/Articulation) ~ Between tacit and explicit knowledge by Externalization (Publishing, articulating knowledge}, developing factors, which embed the combined tacit knowledge which enable its communication. For example, concepts, images, and written documents can support this kind of interaction. ‘When tacit knowledge is made explicit, wledge is crystallized, thus allowing it to be shared by others, and becomes the it becomes the bass afew knowledge SAP +. Concept creation in new product development}s an example ofthis conversion process + Nason hers Taegan a heat explanation, metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypotheses or models 3. Explicit to Explicit (Combination) — Explicit to explicit by Combination (organizing, integrating knowledge), combining different types of explicit knowledge, for example building prototypes, The creative use of computerized communication networks and large-scale databases can support this mode of knowledge conversion. = Explicit knowledge is collected from inside or outside the organization and then combined, edited or processed to form new knowledge. ‘is then disseminated among the members of the organization ‘rocess of assembling new and existing explicit knowledge into systemic explicit fo create anew synthesis fee ere Explicit to Tacit (Internalization) ~ Explicit to tacit By Tnternalization (knowledge receiving and application by an individual), enclosed by learning by doing; on the other hand, explicit knowledge becomes part of an individual's knowledge and will be assets for an organization. Internalization is also a process of continuous individual and collective reflection and the ability to see connections and recognize patterns and the capacity to make sense between fields, ideas, and concepts, Process of converting explicit knowledge into tacit operational knowledge (know- ~ eg. Practice classes after lectures ~ case studies help students to internalize the explicit knowledge that has been, externalized from experienced people's tacit knowledge.