Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 11: Importance of Biomolecules
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Maricar D. Tumaliwan
Editors: Jeric N. Estaco
Reviewers: Jeric N. Estaco
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 10

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 11
Importance of Biomolecules
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Importance of Biomolecules.

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed

by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-
Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in
partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor
Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this
instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Importance of Biomolecules.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that
you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application

of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
In this lesson, you are expected to explain the importance of biomolecules,
specifically:

1. identify the biomolecules in the food that we eat;

2. give the importance of each biomolecules to human;
3. explain the importance of monitoring the amount of biomolecules in the body.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter before
the number.
1. One function of carbohydrates is ________________________.
a. maintains blood flow.
b. catalyzes physiological reactions.
c. store and transport genetic material
d. provides structural framework of the cell walls.

2. Bad cholesterol refers to __________________.

a. low density lipoprotein (LDL)
b. steroid
c. high density lipoprotein
d. trans-fatty acid

3. Which biomolecules is responsible for insulation and energy storage?

a. protein c. nucleic acid
b. lipids d. carbohydrates

4. Which two molecules contains elements C-H-O and functions pertains to energy?
a. lipids and proteins
b. protein and carbohydrates
c. carbohydrates and nucleic acid
d. carbohydrates and lipids

5. Which biomolecule is found in fats, oils, and waxes and is a source of long-term
energy?
a. lipids c. nucleic acid
b. protein d. carbohydrates
 RECAP
Direction: Identify the biomolecules in this food label.
Write your answer in the space provided.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Figure 1: Nutrition facts

https://images.app.goo.gl/m8UwLFhJzim5Zmyc6

LESSON

Importance of Biomolecules
Biomolecules are an organic molecule that includes carbohydrates, protein,
lipids, and nucleic acids. They are important for the survival of living cells. Some of
valuable biomolecules have huge demand, which cannot be fulfilled from their
renewable resources.

Carbohydrates are the main energy source for human bodies.

Our bodies either use the energy from carbohydrates
immediately or store the energy for later use.
Carbohydrates help fuel your brain, kidneys, heart muscles,
and central nervous system. For instance, fiber is
a carbohydrate that aids in digestion, helps you feel full, and
keeps blood cholesterol levels in check. Counting carbohydrates
(carbs)is a key strategy for meeting blood glucose levels. This is
because the carbs in food are broken down into glucose. Insulin
helps to regulate glucose levels, but people with diabetes do not make enough of it.
Therefore, counting them is so important.
A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood
sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's
126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.
Knowing the number of carbs, a person needs to eat each day Figure 2: Carbohydrates
https://images.app.goo.gl/2ZEz3towZUmq
is important to make carb-counting work. It will be based on c6Kz5
several things, such as activity level and any medicines taken
to control glucose levels. There are doctors and dietitians that can help a person learn
how many carbs are needed at each meal and snack.
The Basics of Counting Carbs
Eating the right amount of the right kind of carbs can keep glucose levels in the healthy
range. Carbs come in 3 forms:

• Starches (complex carbs) are foods like grains, legumes, and starchy
vegetables, such as potatoes or corn.
• Sugars can be natural like those in fruit and milk. They can also
be added like the sugary syrup in canned fruit.
• Fiber can be found in foods like fruit (mainly fruits with edible skin, like
apples), vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains.

Planning a Meal by Counting Carbs

Carbs are listed on a food's nutrition facts label. Look for “total carbohydrate” on the
label. This number accounts for carbs from starches, sugars, and fiber.
It can be harder to count carbs when dining out or eating foods that do not have a
label, like fruits and vegetables. A person will need to know the number of carbs needed
at each meal and the average number of carbs in a serving from each food group. This
can help a person plan meal. Use these averages to count the carbs in a meal:

Types Carbs in grams

Starch 15 g
Fruit 15 g
Milk 12 g
Vegetable 5g
Meat 0g
Fat 0g
Table 1: Average counts of carbohydrates in food

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that carbohydrates make up 45

to 65 percent of your total daily calories. So, if you get 2,000 calories a day, between
900 and 1,300 calories should be from carbohydrates. That translates to between 225
and 325 grams of carbohydrates a day.

PROTEIN - Proteins are the main building blocks of your body. Every cell in the
human body contains protein. The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids.
You need protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new
ones. Protein is also important for growth and development in children, teens, and
pregnant women. Protein used to make muscles, tendons, organs, and skin, as well as
enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and various molecules that serve many
important functions. Proteins consist of smaller molecules called amino acids, which
link together like beads on a string. These linked amino acids form long protein chains,
which then fold into complex shapes. Your body produces some of these amino acids,
but you must obtain others known as essential amino acids via your diet. If you are at
a healthy weight, don’t lift weights, and don’t exercise much, aiming for 0.36–0.6 grams
per pound (0.8–1.0 gram per kg) is a reasonable estimate.
This amounts to:
• 56–91 grams per day for the average male
• 46–75 grams per day for the average female

LIPIDS- are essential for all life on Earth. They play many important roles in
maintaining the health of an organism. Arguably the
most important function lipids perform is as the building blocks of cellular
membranes. Other functions include energy storage, insulation, cellular
communication, and protection. Protein is a broad category of molecules including fats,
oils, and steroids. Plants and animals use these chains of carbon and hydrogen as a
way to store energy for future use. One gram of fat has more than twice the energy
packed into it than a gram of protein or carbohydrate. Lipids play essential roles as
components of cell membranes, hormones, and other signaling molecules. Though the
body can create many types of lipids, some essential fatty acids can only be obtained
through food. Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, E, and K
requires some dietary fat intake. Because lipids are an important source of energy for
the body, they are constantly broken down and reassembled to balance the body’s
needs with the food available to it. Any mutations or defects in the enzymes that
catalyze the breakdown or synthesis of lipids can lead to the accumulation of specific
fatty substances, which may harm various organs of the body. Disorders caused by the
buildup of lipids are called lipidoses; Tay Sachs disease is an example. Abnormalities
in enzymes that prevent lipids from being converted into energy are called fatty acid
oxidation disorders. The dietary reference intake (DRI) for fat in adults is 20% to 35% of total
calories from fat. That is about 44 grams to 77 grams of fat per day if you eat 2,000 calories
a day.

NUCLEIC ACIDS - Nucleic acids are

vital for cell functioning, and therefore for life.
There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and
RNA. Together, they keep track of hereditary
information in a cell so that the cell can
maintain itself, grow, create offspring and
perform any specialized functions it's meant
to do. Nucleic acids thus control the
information that makes every cell, and every
organism, what it is. Understanding how
genes are read by the cell and used to create
proteins creates enormous opportunities for
Figure 3: nucleic acid
understanding disease. Genetic diseases occur https://images.app.goo.gl/MnrUgX1khWN
UpHGL9
when errors are introduced into the genes that DNA
carries; those errors create faulty RNA, which creates faulty proteins that don't
function the way they're supposed to. Cancer is caused by damage to DNA or
interference with the mechanisms for its replication or repair. By understanding
nucleic acids and their mechanics of action, we can understand how diseases occur
and, eventually, how to cure them.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity No#1: TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Write “T” if the statement that describes the biomolecules is True and “F” if
the statement is false.

____________1. Carbohydrates are your body's main source of energy: They help fuel
your brain, kidneys, heart muscles, and central nervous system.

____________2. The most energy rich form of carbon is found in carbohydrates, not lipids
or proteins.
____________3. Excessive consumption of carbs can cause diabetes.

____________4. Lipids are soluble molecules and therefore make good energy storage
molecules.
____________5. Lipids are important constituent of nervous system.
____________6. Protein is constantly needed to replace the wear and tear of the tissue
and keep up the protein concentration in the blood serum.

____________7. Nucleic acid creates and encode and then store information in the
nucleus of every living cell.

____________8. Cancer is caused by damage to DNA or interference with the

mechanisms for its replication or repair.
____________9. Sugar is a carbohydrate that aids in digestion and keeps blood
cholesterol levels in check.

____________10. The DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) is 0.36 grams of protein per pound
(0.8 grams per kg) of body weight.

Activity No#2: Who am I?

Direction: For each statement, write “C” if its best applies to carbohydrates, “L” if it
best applies for lipids, “P” if best applies to proteins, or “N” if it best applies to nucleic
acid.

______1. I am useful for a fast source of energy.

______2. I have involvement in the immune system (antibodies).

______3. I am helpful for a long-term storage.

______4. I have a large role in muscle development.

______5. A mutation in DNA would initially starts with me.

______6. I am important for insulation.

______7. I supply the essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body.
______8. I catalyzed metabolic reaction in the body.
______9. I transmit the genetic information from one generation to the next.

______10. I supplied carbon for the synthesis of cell components.

Activity No#3: Frayer Model of Biomolecules

Direction: Create a Frayer model showing all four biomolecules and their importance.

Note: The Frayer Model is a type of graphic organizer that uses a four-square model to
determine the meaning of Biomolecules and its type. The Frayer Model about
Biomolecules also enables you to understand the relationships between concepts or
word structure.

CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS

BIOMOLECULES
PROTEIN NUCLEIC ACID

WRAP-UP
Complete the sentence by filling-up the correct words found in the box below.

carbon amount proteins amino acid insulin

1. Eating the right ____________of the right kind of carbs can keep glucose levels in the
healthy range.
2. Proteins consist of smaller molecules called______________, which link together like
beads on a string.
3. Understanding how genes are read by the cell and used to create
___________creates enormous opportunities for understanding disease.
4. Plants and animals use these chains of _____________ and hydrogen to store energy
for future use.
5. ___________________helps to regulate glucose levels, but people with diabetes do not
make enough of it.
 VALUING

Good to know!
A healthy diet throughout life promotes healthy life. It supports normal growth
and development, ageing and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. It reduces the
risk of chronic disease leading to overall health and well-being.
Task!
Give at least three things you need to do monitor the recommended amount of
biomolecules in your body.
1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST
Multiple Choice: Read each statement carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. You need a steady supply of amino acids in your diet to maintain a healthy body. To
meet this need, you should make sure you eat enough of which of these substances?
a. lipids c. nucleic acid
b. carbohydrates d. protein
2. What is the main purpose of enzymes inside of living cells?
a. store energy for later use by the cell
b. provides cell with structure and support
c. repel water from cell’s surface
d. to speed up and direct chemical reaction.
3. Which organic molecules is paired with its function?
a. nucleic acid- to store energy
b. lipids – to regulate metabolic.
c. protein- to provide insulation.
d. carbohydrates – to provide quick-release energy.
4. Which biomolecules determines the trait of organism?
a. lipids c. nucleic acid
b. carbohydrates d. protein
5. What are foods high in carbs?
a. egg, fish, poultry c. cheese, meat, vegetables
b. bread, potatoes, pasta d. oil, butter, condiments
PRETEST POSTTEST RECAP:
1. D 1. D Fat (saturated and trans-fat)
2. A 2. D Carbohydrates (fiber and sugar)
3. B 3. D Protein
4. D 4. C
5. A 5. B
Activity 1:
1. T 6. T
2. F 7. T
3. T 8. T
4. F 9. F
5. T 10. T
Activity 2: Activity no. 3 (answers may varied)
1. C 6. L
2. P 7. L
3. L 8. P
4. P 9. N
5. N 10. C
Wrap-Up Valuing: (answers may varied)
1. amount 1. eat food that low in fats.
2. amino acid 2. avoid sweet foods.
3. protein 3. Read food labels.
4. carbon
5. insulin
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
Websites

1. “What are the two major purposes that Carbohydrates serve?”

https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/two-major-purposes-carbohydrates-serve-3750.html. pril 16,2021

2. “Lipids (Macromolecules) Khan Academy “https://basicbiology.net/. April 16,2021

3. “Importance of Proteins” https://medlineplus.gov/.April 16,2021

4. “What is the importance of nuclei acid?” https://sciencing.com/what-is-the-importance-of-nucleic-

acids-12186031.html. April 16,2021