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    Useful Trees and Shrubs For Kenya PDF

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    Aiuba Suleimana

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    eee Le Lae TECHNICAL HANDBOOK No.35 Useful trees and ~ shrubs for Kenya Edited by Patrick Maundu and Bo Tengnas Principal illustrators: Nicholas Muema and Ann Birnie Technical handbook (TH) series Fruits and nuts: species with potential for Tanzania Agnes Nyambo, Agnes Nyamoro, Christoffer Ruffo and Bo Tengniis. 2005. TH No, 34, ISBN 9966-896-71-6 ‘More forage, more milk Aichi Kitalyi, David M. Miano, Sandra Mwwebaze and Charles Wambugu. 2005. TH No. 33. ISBN 9966.896-74-0 Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance 2005. TH No. 32. ISBN 9966-896-67-8 Agroforestry handbook for the montane zone of Uganda Alex Lwakuba, Alice A. Kaudia and John Okorio, 2003, TH No, 31. ISBN 9966-896-55-4 Soil fertility and land productivity Charles KK. Gachene and Gathiru Kimaru. 2003. TH No. 30. ISBN 9966-896-66-X Soil and water conservation manual for Eritrea ‘Amanuel Negassi, Estifanos Bein, Kifle Ghebru and Bo Tengnis. 2002. TH No. 29. ISBN 9966-896-65-1 Management af Rangeland: Use of natural grazing resources in Southern Province, Zambia Evaristo C. Chileshe and Aicht Kitalyi, 2002. TH No. 28. ISBN 9966-896-61-9 Edible wild plants of Tanzania, Christopher K. Ruffo, Ann Birnie and Bo Tengnais, 2002. TH No. 27. ISBN 9966-896-62-7 Tree nursery manual for Eritrea Chris Palzer. 2002, TH No, 26, ISBN 9966-896-60-0, ULAMP extension approach: a guide for field extension agents Anthony Nyakuni, Gedion Shone ane Arne Eriksson. 2001. TH No. 25. ISBN 9966-896-57-0 Drip irrigation: options for smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa Isaya V. Siali, 2001. TH No, 24. ISBN 9966-896-77-5 Water from sand rivers: a manual on site survey, design, construction, and maintenance of seven types of water structures in riverbeds Erik Nissen-Petersen. 2000. TH No, ISBN 9966-896. Rainwater harvesting for natural resources management: a planning guide for Tanzania Nuhu Hatibu and Henry F. Mahoo (eds.). 2000. TH No. 22. ISBN 9966-896-52-X Agroforestry handbook for the banana-coffee zone of Uganda: farmers’ practices and experiences 1 Oluka-Akileng, J. Francis Esegu, Alice Kaudia and Alex Lwakuba. 2000. TH No. 21. ISBN 9966-896-51-1 Land resources management: a guide for extension workers in Uganda Charles Rusoke, Anthony Nyakuni, Sandra Mwebaze, John Okorio, Frank Akena and Gathiru Kimaru. 2000. TH No. 20. ISBN 9966-896-44-9 Wild food plants and mushrooms of Uganda Anthony 8. Katende, Paul Ssegawa, Ann Birnie, Christine Holding and Bo Tengnas. 1999. TH No. 19. ISBN 9966-896-40-6 Banana production in Uganda: an essential food and cash crop Aloysius Karugaba and Gathiru Kimaru, 1999, TH No. 18. ISBN 9966-896-39-2 Agroforestry extension manual for eastern Zambia Samuel Simute, CL. Phiri and Bo Tengnis, 1998, TH No. 17. ISBN 9966-896-36-8 Water harvesting: an illustrative manual for development of microcatchment techniques for crop production in dry areas Mwangi T. Hai. 1998. TH No. 16, ISBN 9966-896-33-3, Integrated soil fertility management on small-scale farms in Eastern Province of Zambia ‘Thomas Raussen (ed), 1997. TH No. 15, ISBN 9966-896.32-5 Agroforestry manual for extension workers in Central and Lusaka provinces, Zambia, Joseph A. Banda, Penis Banda and Bo Tengnis, 1997, TH No, 14, ISBN 9966-896-31-7 ‘continued on inside back cover Useful trees and shrubs for Kenya Patrick Maundu and Bo Tengnas Principal illustrators Nicholas Muema and Ann Birnie World Agroforestry Centre World Agroforestry Centre—Eastern and Central Africa Regional Programme 2005 ‘Tu Wort Acororesrry Cevrer, formerly the Intemational Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), contributes to alleviating poverty, improving food security and conserving the environment through the use of trees, tree products and agroforestry. These goals are pursued through research, education and development activities, The production of this publi- cation has been funded by the Swedish Intemational Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Publisher World Agroforestry Centre—Eastem and Central Africa Regional Programme (ICRAF-ECA) P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya (© 2005 World Agroforestry Centre—Eastern and Central Africa Regional Programme (ICRAF-ECA) Series editor: Anna K Lindqvist, RELMA in ICRAF Copy editing: Helen van Houten Layout, typesetting and production: Caroline Agola, Cover design: Sandra Limley Photos: All photos by P. Maundu or B. Tengnas except where indicated. ‘Cover photos: ‘Top: Acacia brevispica, Mwala, Machakos District, Bottom left: Chief Maasai Laibon, Mokombo ole Simel, resting under an Acacia xanthophloea (fever tree), Loita, Narok District. His son in the foreground, Bottom right: Making a canoe from a trunk of Ficus sycomorus, Mnazini, Tana River Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Maundu P and Tengnas T (eds). Useful trees and shrubs for Kenya. 2005. Technical handbook No. 35. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre—Eastem and Central Africa Regional Programme (ICRAF-ECA). 484 p. +10; colour section; includes bibliography. ISBN 9966-896-70-8. ‘The contents of this handbook may be reproduced without special permission. However, acknowledgement of the source is requested. The photographers and artists concemed must be contacted for reproduction of illustrations, The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Agroforestry Centre. Printed by English Press Ltd, P.0-Box 30127, Nairobi, Kenya In memoriam—Caroline Agola Caroline Agola was responsible for editing, designing and laying out this book. She worked diligently to produce this volume, but sadly she did not live to see the fruits ofthis work—she passed away on 22 December 2004, just after she had completed the layout Over the years, Caroline was involved in many similar productions: the first edition of Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya, and the Useful Trees and Shrubs volumes for Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda and Eritrea; Wild Food Plants and ‘Mushrooms of Uganda, and Edible Wild Plants of Tanzania, to mention a few. Her meticulous eye and practical mind, the breadth and depth of her know|- edge of biological science, and her tireless work have greatly contributed 10 the quality and importance of these productions. ‘The entire team involved in the production of this book would like to recognize Caroline’s efforts. ICRAF and RELMA would like to recognize her enormous contribution to the field of agroforestry in the eastern African region. This, book will remain a good testimony of her dedication and commitment. Contents Foreword . Acknowledgements .. Introduction nnn se Ilustrated glossary of botanical terms. Parti Common names nen Parr Species descriptions Page IL Summary of uses. Fami and species Bibliography APPENDIX Workshop participants Species index... Colour plates between pages 70 and 71 Mars Language groups of Kenya page 4 Physical features of Kenya plate 14 Administrative divisions of Kenya - plate 15 Agroclimatic zones of Kenya + plate 16 [USEFUL TREES AND SHRUBS FOR KENYA Foreword ‘The interest in agroforestry and in promoting tree growing in rural areas has increased drastically during the last few dec- ades. Inthe ate 1970s and early 1980s, serious concern was expressed all over the world about looming energy crises in rural areas. Projects to promote tree planting to counteract the expected firewood crises were established in Kenya and in ‘many other developing countries. From the 1980s, interest in the capacity of trees and shrubs to ameliorate soil fertility also grew and technologies were developed that would provide solutions tothe energy crises and improve agricultural pro- ductivity Gradually, the interests of the farmers and pastoralists were put higher on the agenda. It was realized that farming systems are complex, with innumerable combinations of crops, trees and animals, and that this complexity is important as it provides multiple outputs and a safety net forthe livelihoods of local people. Therefore, there is need for knowledge not only of few exotic species of trees and shrubs, but ofa whole range of woody species that are relevant and important for farmers and pastoralists Such knowledge was a that time either unavailable or not ‘well synthesized, Earlier literature focused mainly on taxonomic descriptions and lacked detailed information on uses and propagation. Some small booklets were produced and pub- lished for Kenya during the 1980s followed by 4 Selection of Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya published by ICRAF in 1992. Since then research has progressed and much more infor- ‘mation has been gathered from local communities with regard to their preferences and uses of trees and shrubs. Therefore, a decade after the first edition was published, it was felt that viii there is need to incorporate all the new information and pro-

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