81 82 87 A direct shear test was conducted on a specimen of dry sand with a normal stress of 140 kN/m?. Failure occurred at a shear stress of 94.5 kN/m*. The size of the specimen tested was 50 mm x 50 mm X 25 mm (height). Deter- mine the angle of friction, 6’. For a normal stress of 84 KN/m*, what shear force would be required to cause failure of the specimen? ‘The size of a sand specimen in a direct shear test was 50 mm X 50mm 30 mm (height). It is known that, for the sand, tan 4” = 0.65/e (where e = void ratio) and the specific gravity of soil solids G, = 2.65. During the test, a nor- mal stress of 140 KN/m? was applied. Failure occurred at a shear stress of 105 kN/m?. What was the mass of the sand specimen’? The angle of friction of a compacted dry sand is 38°. In a direct shear test on the sand, a normal stress of 84 KN/m? was applied. The size of the specimen was 50 mm X 50mm X 30 mm (height). What shear force (in kN) will cause failure? Repeat Problem 8.3 with the following changes: friction angle = 37° normal stress = 150 kN/m? Following are the results of four drained direct shear tests on a normally consolidated clay: diameter of specimen = 50 mm height of specimen = 25 mm Test Normal force Shear force no. (N) at failure (N) 1 am 120.6 2 406.25 170.64 3 474 204.1 4 541.65 244.3 Draw a graph for shear stress at failure against normal stress. Determine the drained angle of friction from the graph ‘The relationship between the relative density, D,, and the angle of friction, @, of a sand can be given as $" = 25 + 0.18D, (D, in %). A drained triaxial test on the same sand was conducted with a chamber confining pressure of 105 kN/m*. The relative density of compaction was 45%. Calculate the major principal stress at failure. Consider the triaxial test described in Problem 8.6. a, Estimate the angle that the failure plane makes with the major principal Jane, b. Determine the normal and shear stresses (when the specimen failed) on a plane that makes an angle of 30° with the major principal plane.8.9 8.10 8. ‘The effective stress failure envelope of a sand can be given as 7) = 0" tan 41°. A drained triaxial test was conducted on the same sand. The specimen failed when the deviator stress was 400.5 kN/m?. What was the chamber confining pressure during the tes Refer to Problem 88. a, Estimate the angle that the failure plane makes with the minor principal plane. b. Determine the normal stress and the shear stress on a plane that makes an angle of 35° with the minor principal plane. For a normally consolidated clay, the results of a drained triaxial test are as follows: * Chamber confining pressure = 150 kN/m? * Deviator stress at failure = 275 kN/m* Determine the soil friction angle, ¢’. For a normally consolidated clay, we are given 6’ = 25°, In a drained triaxial test, the specimen failed at a deviator stress of 154 KN/m?, What was the chamber confining pressure, 0? A consolidated-drained triaxial test was conducted on a normally consoli- dated clay. The results were as follows: = 276 KN/m* (Acy)p = 276 KN/m* a. Find the angle of friction, ¢'. b. What is the angle 0 that the failure plane makes with the major principal stress? ¢. Determine the normal stress a” and the shear stress spon the failure plane. Refer to Problem 8.12. a. Determine the effective normal stress on the plane of maximum shear stress. b. Explain why the shear failure took place along the plane as determined in part (b) and not along the plane of maximum shear stress. ‘The results of two drained triaxial tests on a saturated clay are given here: * Specimen I: Chamber confining pressure = 69 kN/m? Deviator stress at failure = 213 kN/m* * Specimen II: Chamber confining pressure = 120 kN/m? Deviator stress at failure = 258.7 kN/m” Calculate the shear strength parameters of the soil.815 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.21 8.23 A sandy soil has a drained angle of friction of 36°. In a drained triaxial test on the Same soil, the deviator stress at failure is 268 KN/m?, What is the chamber confining pressure? A consolidated-undrained test was conducted on a normally consolidated specimen with a chamber confining pressure of 140 kN/m*. The specimen. failed while the deviator stress was 126 KN/m’. The pore water pressure in the specimen at that time was 76.3 KN/m*. Determine the consolidated- undrained and the drained friction angles. Repeat Problem 8.16 with the following valucs: o, = 84 KN/? (Ao) = 58.7 KN/m? (Au,); = 39.2 kN/m* The shear strength of a normally consolidated clay can be given by the equa- tion z= a’ tan 28°, A consolidated-undrained, triaxial test was conducted on the clay. Following are the results of the test: * Chamber confining pressure = 105 kN/m? * Deviator stress at failure = 97 kN/m? a. Determine the consolidated-undrained friction angle, b. What is the pore water pressure developed in the clay specimen at failure? For the clay specimen described in Problem 8.18, what would have been the deviator stress at failure if a drained test had been conducted with the same chamber confining pressure (that is, 7; = 105 KN/m?)? For a clay soil, we are given ¢’ = 28° and # = 18°. A consolidated-undrained triaxial test was conducted on this clay soil with a chamber confining pres- sure of 105 kN/m?. Determine the deviator stress and the pore water pres- sure at failure. During a consolidated-undrained triaxial test on a clayey soil specimen, the minor and major principal stresses at failure were 96 N/m? and 187 kN/i respectively. What will be the axial stress at failure if a similar specimen is subjected to an unconfined compression test? The friction angle, #', of a normally consolidated clay specimen collected during field exploration was determined from drained triaxial tests to be 22°. ‘The unconfined compression strength, q,, of a similar specimen was found to be 120 kN/m2. Determine the pore water pressure at failure for the unconfined compression test. Repeat Problem 8.22 with ¢’ = 25° and g,, = 121.5 kN/m’.