WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

MABUHAY CAMPUS

Name:Ariz G. Caputolan
Course & Year: BEED-3

A.THE BIG SIXS IN READING DIFINITION WITH 5 EXAMPLES

1.. Oral language refers to the ability to use and understand spoken language. It is a vital skill that enables
communication and social interaction.

1. Conversations: Engaging in back-and-forth exchanges with others, sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

2. Storytelling: Telling stories, either real or imagined, to communicate experiences, share knowledge, or entertain
others.

3. Directions: Giving and following directions, using language to guide others to a particular location or task.

4. Presentations: Speaking in front of an audience, using language to convey information or persuade others.

5. Songs and rhymes: Singing songs and reciting rhymes, using language to create rhythm and melody, and to memorize
and recall information.

2. Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds in words. It is an essential skill for
learning to read and write. Phonological awareness includes a range of skills, from identifying individual sounds in words
to recognizing patterns and structures in larger units of language, such as syllables and words. Here are five examples of
phonological awareness:

1. Rhyming: Recognizing and producing words that have the same ending sound, such as "cat" and "hat."

2. Blending: Combining individual sounds together to form a word, such as blending the sounds /c/ /a/ /t/ to form the
word "cat."

3. Segmenting: Breaking a word down into its individual sounds, such as segmenting the word "cat" into the sounds
/c/ /a/ /t/.

4. Manipulating: Changing individual sounds in a word to form a new word, such as changing the /t/ in "cat" to a /p/ to
form the word "cap."
5. Syllable awareness: Identifying and counting the number of syllables in a word, such as recognizing that the word
"elephant" has three syllables.

3. Phonics refers to the relationship between letters and sounds in language. It involves teaching students to recognize
and use the sounds of letters and letter combinations to read words. Phonics instruction typically starts with simple
letter-sound relationships and progresses to more complex patterns and structures. Here are five examples of phonics:

1. Letter-sound correspondences: Teaching students that each letter of the alphabet represents a specific sound, such as
the letter "b" representing the sound /b/.

2. Consonant blends and digraphs: Teaching students to recognize and use consonant blends (such as "bl" and "st") and
digraphs (such as "sh" and "ch") to read words.

3. Vowel sounds: Teaching students the different sounds that vowels can make, such as the long "a" sound in "cake" and
the short "a" sound in "cat."

4. Syllable division: Teaching students to recognize and divide words into syllables to help them read and spell words.

5. Word families: Teaching students to recognize patterns and structures in words, such as words that end in "-an" or "-
ing," to help them read and spell words.

4. Fluency refers to the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and expression. Fluent readers are able to read words
quickly and accurately, which allows them to focus on understanding the meaning of the text. Fluent readers also use
expression and intonation to convey the meaning and emotion of the text. Here are five examples of fluency:

1. Reading aloud: Practicing reading aloud to improve speed, accuracy, and expression.

2. Repeated reading: Reading the same text multiple times to improve automaticity and fluency.

3. Choral reading: Reading text in unison with a group to improve rhythm, pacing, and expression.
4. Echo reading: Having a more fluent reader read a sentence or paragraph aloud, and then having a less fluent reader
repeat it to improve accuracy and pacing.

5. Reader's theater: Practicing reading and performing a script or play to improve fluency, expression, and
comprehension.

5.Vocabulary refers to the words that a person knows and uses. It is an essential component of language and
communication, and it plays a crucial role in reading, writing, and speaking. Here are five examples of vocabulary:

1. Everyday words: Words that are commonly used in everyday speech, such as "happy," "sad," "good," and "bad."

2. Academic words: Words that are used in academic contexts, such as "hypothesis," "analysis," "synthesize," and
"evaluate."

3. Domain-specific words: Words that are used in specific fields or domains, such as "mitosis," "photosynthesis,"
"algorithm," and "vector."

4. Synonyms and antonyms: Words that have similar or opposite meanings, such as "happy" and "joyful," or "big" and
"small."

5. Idioms and figurative language: Expressions or phrases that have a non-literal meaning, such as "kick the bucket,"
"break a leg," or "a penny for your thoughts."

6. Comprehension refers to the ability to understand what is being read or heard. It involves both literal and inferential
understanding, as well as the ability to make connections between what is being read or heard and one's own
experiences and knowledge. Here are five examples of comprehension:

1. Retelling: Recalling the main events or ideas in a story or passage, and summarizing them in one's own words.

2. Predicting: Using clues from the text to make predictions about what might happen next, or how the story might end.

3. Questioning: Asking and answering questions about the text to clarify understanding and deepen comprehension.

4. Inferring: Using evidence from the text to make inferences about characters, events, or themes that are not explicitly
stated.

5. Connecting: Making connections between the text and one's own experiences, knowledge, or other texts to deepen
understanding and engagement.

B.LEARNING SKILLS
1. Phonemic awareness: The ability to recognize and manipulate the individual sounds in words.

Ex.1.identifying the individual sounds in a word

2.blending sounds together to form a word

3.segmenting a word into individual sounds

4.manipulating sounds to create new wods

5.recognizing rhyming words

2. Phonics: The ability to connect sounds with letters and decode words.

Ex.1. identifying letter sound correspondences

2.decoding unfamiliar words using phonetic rules

3.recognizing common letter patterns and blends

4.using context clues to determine word meaning

5.identifying homophones(words that sound the same but different meanings)

3. Vocabulary: The ability to understand the meaning of words.

Ex. 1. Understanding the meaning of new words through context clues

2. Using a dictionary to look up word meanings

3. Learning new words through direct instruction

4. Understanding figurative language and idioms

5. Using synonyms and antonyms to understand word meanings

4. Fluency: The ability to read smoothly and accurately.

Ex. 1. Reading with appropriate speed and pacing

2. Reading with accuracy and expression

3. Using appropriate intonation and phrasing

4. Practicing reading aloud to improve fluency

5. Using repeated reading to improve automaticity

5. Comprehension: The ability to understand and interpret what is being read.

 Ex. 1.Identifying the main idea of a text

2.Making predictions about what will happen next in a text

3. Summarizing a text in one's own words

4. Making inferences based on evidence in the text

5. Using visualization and sensory images to understand a text

6. Critical thinking: The ability to analyze and evaluate information, draw conclusions, and make connections between
different ideas.

Ex. 1. Analyzing the author's purpose and point of view

2. Evaluating the credibility of sources

3. Comparing and contrasting different texts or ideas

4. Drawing conclusions based on evidence

5. Making connections between different ideas or texts

7. Metacognition: The ability to reflect on one's own thinking and learning, and to use strategies to monitor and regulate
learning.

Ex. 1. Monitoring understanding while reading

2. Using strategies to clarify confusion or misunderstanding

3. Reflecting on one's own learning and progress

4. Setting goals and creating plans for improvement

5. Adapting strategies to different types of texts or learning situations

8. Motivation: The desire and willingness to engage in reading, and the belief that reading is valuable and important.

Ex. 1. - Setting personal reading goals

2. Engaging in activities that promote reading enjoyment

3. Believing in the value and importance of reading

4..Celebrating reading achievements

5. Encouraging others to read and share reading experiences

B.LITERACY SKILLS

Reading Skills-refers to the abilities and strategies used to read and comprehend written text.

Examples:

1. Decoding - the ability to recognize and pronounce words

2. Fluency - the ability to read with accuracy, speed, and expression

3. Vocabulary - the ability to understand and use new words

4. Comprehension - the ability to understand and interpret written text

5. Critical thinking - the ability to analyze and evaluate information in written text

Writing Skills- refers to the abilities and strategies used to express ideas,thoughts,and information in a
clear,effective,and organized manner.

Examples:

1. Spelling - the ability to spell words correctly

2. Punctuation - the ability to use proper punctuation

3. Grammar - the ability to use proper sentence structure

4. Vocabulary - the ability to use appropriate words to convey meaning

5. Organization - the ability to structure ideas and information in a logical manner

Listening Skills-refers to the abilities and strategies used to understand and interpret spoken language.

Examples:

1. Attention - the ability to focus on and understand what is being said

2. Comprehension - the ability to understand and interpret spoken information

3. Memory - the ability to remember important details

4. Note-taking - the ability to take effective notes on important information

5. Critical thinking - the ability to analyze and evaluate information presented in spoken form

Speaking Skills:refers to the abilities and strategies used to express ideas,thoughts,and information verbally in a
clear,effevtive and organized manner.

1. Pronunciation - the ability to correctly produce sounds and words

2. Fluency - the ability to speak with accuracy, speed, and expression

3. Vocabulary - the ability to use appropriate words to convey meaning

4. Grammar - the ability to use proper sentence structure

5. Intonation - the ability to use proper pitch and tone to convey meaning and emotion

C.LIFE SKILLS
1. Critical thinking-ability to analyze,evaluate,and interpret information and ideas in a logical and systematic way.

Examples:

- Analyzing and evaluating information

- Identifying and solving problems

- Making informed decisions based on evidence

- Recognizing and challenging assumptions

- Applying logical reasoning to complex issues

2. Communication-the process of exchanging information ,ideas,and thoughts between individuals or groups through
various methods such as speaking,writing,or using non-verbal clues.

Examples:

- Listening actively and effectively

- Expressing ideas and thoughts clearly

- Using appropriate tone and body language

- Tailoring communication to different audiences

- Respecting and valuing diverse perspectives

3. Collaboration-

- Working effectively in a team

- Building positive relationships with others

- Recognizing and leveraging strengths of team members

- Resolving conflicts constructively

- Sharing knowledge and skills with others

4. Creativity:

- Generating innovative ideas and solutions

- Thinking outside the box

- Experimenting with new approaches and methods

- Combining existing ideas to create something new

- Taking calculated risks to achieve goals