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VR 1.0
PT J
AU Kumar, S
Kumar, R
Bandopadhyay, A
AF Kumar, Sanjay
Kumar, Rakesh
Bandopadhyay, Amitava
TI Innovative methodologies for the utilisation of wastes from
metallurgical and allied industries
SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
LA English
DT Review
DE waste management; value added products; recycling; metal recovery;
utilisation of granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash; mechanical
activation
ID MECHANICAL ACTIVATION
AB This paper is an overview on the utilisation of solid wastes with focus on blast
furnace slag, red mud and fly ash generated in large quantities from iron and steel
industry; primary aluminium production and coal fired power plants, respectively.
Innovative methodologies, based on the recent research by the authors, are
highlighted and these include: (a) smelting reduction of red mud to produce pig
iron and titania rich slag, (b) mechanical activation of the slag and fly ash to
prepare improved blended cements in terms of higher usage of waste and enhanced
cement properties, (c) synergistic usage of fly ash, blast furnace slag and iron
ore tailings in the preparation of floor and wall tiles and (d) preparation of
synthetic granite from fly ash as a value added product. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
C1 CSIR, Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India.
C3 Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; CSIR -
National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML)
RP Kumar, S (corresponding author), CSIR, Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar,
India.
EM sanjay_kumar_nml@yahoo.com
RI Kumar, Rakesh/J-4685-2012; Kumar, Rakesh/IAP-9601-2023
OI Kumar, Rakesh/0000-0002-8967-3855; Kumar, Rakesh/0000-0003-3698-0445;
Kumar, Sanjay/0000-0002-0685-9911
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NR 43
TC 257
Z9 278
U1 10
U2 125
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY
JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl.
PD OCT
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 4
BP 301
EP 314
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.03.003
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 092YI
UT WOS:000241133200001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Gaustad, G
Olivetti, E
Kirchain, R
AF Gaustad, Gabrielle
Olivetti, Elsa
Kirchain, Randolph
TI Improving aluminum recycling: A survey of sorting and impurity removal
technologies
LA English
DT Review
DE Recycling; Upgrading technologies; Impurity accumulation; Aluminum
ID SCRAP; OPTIMIZATION; SEPARATION; RECOVERY; ALLOYS; METALS; MODEL
AB Aluminum recycling has a number of key environmental and economic benefits. With
these energy and cost savings in mind, many producers now have targets of
increasing their usage of secondary materials. However, the accumulation of
impurities in these recycled material streams may provide a significant
compositional barrier to these goals. A growing number of studies and literature
suggest that accumulation of unwanted elements is a growing problem; for the case
of aluminum, the list of problematic impurities is quite large, including but not
limited to Si, Mg, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, V, and Mn. The removal of unwanted
elements in the scrap stream is dictated by the energy considerations of the melt
process. Compared to many metals, it is challenging to remove tramp elements from
aluminium. Therefore, with no simple thermodynamic solution, producers must
identify strategies throughout the production process to mitigate this elemental
accumulation. There are a variety of solutions to deal with accumulation of
undesired elements; each presents a trade-off between cost and efficacy (tramp
removal). Dilution with primary is the most common solution used in industry today;
this has a negative impact on recycling as the required dilution results in a
compositionally determined cap to recycling rates. This article provides an
overview of the expanse of upgrading technologies available at both the industrial
and lab-scale to improve aluminum scrap purity and facilitate recycling. (C) 2011
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gaustad, Gabrielle] Rochester Inst Technol, Golisano Inst Sustainabil,
Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Olivetti, Elsa; Kirchain, Randolph] MIT, Mat Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
C3 Rochester Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT)
RP Gaustad, G (corresponding author), Rochester Inst Technol, Golisano Inst
Sustainabil, 78-2418 111 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
EM gabrielle.gaustad@rit.edu
RI Gaustad, Gabrielle/C-2377-2012
OI Gaustad, Gabrielle/0000-0002-1481-0333; Kirchain,
Randolph/0000-0002-4019-8598; /0000-0002-8043-2385
FU National Science Foundation [1133422]; Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, &
Transp Sys; Directorate For Engineering [1133422, 1133286] Funding
Source: National Science Foundation
FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science
Foundation Award # 1133422, Environmental Sustainability Program
(ENG-CBET) that made this work possible.
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NR 67
TC 214
Z9 235
U1 8
U2 145
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD JAN
PY 2012
VL 58
BP 79
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.010
PG 9
GA 890EH
UT WOS:000300127400009
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Tsakiridis, PE
AF Tsakiridis, P. E.
TI Aluminium salt slag characterization and utilization - A review
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Review
DE Aluminium salt slag; Properties, Utilization; Waste processing
ID DROSS; WASTE; RECOVERY; CAKE; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTS; METALS; REUSE
AB Aluminium salt slag (also known as aluminium salt cake), which is produced by
the secondary aluminium industry, is formed during aluminium scrap/dross melting
and contains 15-30% aluminium oxide, 30-55% sodium chloride. 15-30% potassium
chloride. 5-7% metallic aluminium and impurities (carbides, nitrides, sulphides and
phosphides). Depending on the raw mix the amount of salt slag produced per tonne of
secondary aluminium ranges from 200 to 500 kg. As salt slag has been classified as
toxic and hazardous waste, it should be managed in compliance with the current
legislation. Its landfill disposal is forbidden in most of the European countries
and it should be recycled and processed in a proper way by taking the environmental
impact into consideration. This paper presents a review of the aluminium salt slag
chemical and mineralogical characteristics, as well as various processes for metal
recovery, recycling of sodium and potassium chlorides content back to the smelting
process and preparation of value added products from the final non metallic
residue. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens 9, Dept Mining & Met Engn, Athens 15780, Greece.
C3 National Technical University of Athens
RP Tsakiridis, PE (corresponding author), Natl Tech Univ Athens 9, Dept Mining &
Met Engn, Iroon Polytechniou St, Athens 15780, Greece.
EM ptsakiri@central.ntua.gr
RI Tsakiridis, Petros/AAH-6232-2019
OI Tsakiridis, Petros/0000-0002-2180-2454
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NR 67
TC 149
Z9 167
U1 11
U2 152
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 217
BP 1
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.052
PG 10
GA 941DJ
UT WOS:000303943600001
PM 22480708
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Das, BR
Dash, B
Tripathy, BC
Bhattacharya, IN
Das, SC
AF Das, B. R.
Dash, B.
Tripathy, B. C.
Bhattacharya, I. N.
Das, S. C.
TI Production of η-alumina from waste aluminium dross
SO MINERALS ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrometallurgy; leaching; reclamation; recycling; waste processing
ID TAILINGS
AB Processing of aluminium dross is one of the most challenging tasks because of
its toxic nature. The dross generated while melting at various facilities is
generally remelted with salts to recover residual metal values. The remaining
residue dross contains mostly aluminium oxide, alloying elements and salts such as
NaCl or KCl. This residue dross while stock piling creates pollution of the
adjoining area as salts leach out to water stream and also emits harmful gases. In
the present study domestic aluminium dross was treated for developing a suitable
process flow sheet to obtain eta-alumina a high valued product. Initially H2SO4
leaching was carried out for both un-washed and washed dross. With un-washed dross
the leaching efficiency achieved was similar to 71% but washing of dross followed
by leaching raised the recovery to similar to 84%. Washing of dross is essential to
have higher alumina recovery and also to recover salt for recycling. The liquor
obtained after treatment of the dross with acid was further processed to obtain
aluminium hydroxide of amorphous nature by hydrolyzing aluminium sulphate with
aqueous ammonia. The aluminium hydroxide was then subjected to calcinations which
resulted in the formation of eta-alumina at 900 degrees C. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved.
C1 Reg Res Lab, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.
Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology (IMMT)
RP Tripathy, BC (corresponding author), Reg Res Lab, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa,
India.
EM bankimtripathy@gmail.com
RI Tripathy, B.C./AAE-4876-2022; Das, Soumen/AFM-5332-2022
OI Das, Soumen/0000-0003-0080-0860
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NR 14
TC 109
Z9 119
U1 2
U2 42
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD MAR
PY 2007
VL 20
IS 3
BP 252
EP 258
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2006.09.002
PG 7
WC Engineering, Chemical; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 148BX
UT WOS:000245050600005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU JENA, BC
DRESLER, W
REILLY, IG
AF JENA, BC
DRESLER, W
REILLY, IG
TI EXTRACTION OF TITANIUM, VANADIUM AND IRON FROM TITANOMAGNETITE DEPOSITS
AT PIPESTONE LAKE, MANITOBA, CANADA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Minerals Engineering 94 Conference
CY SEP 26-28, 1994
CL LAKE TAHOE, NV
DE VANADIUM-BEARING TITANOMAGNETITE; SMELTING; SODA ASH ROASTING; HCL
LEACHING
AB A process has been developed at the laboratory scale for the recovery of
titanium, vanadium and iron from the vanadium bearing titanomagnetite deposit at
Pipestone Lake, Manitoba, by a combined pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing
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selective reduction smelting so that most of the iron reported to the metal phase
and the vanadium and titanium to the slag phase. The iron had a purity of 99%. The
slag contained between 9-35% FeO, 31-46% TiO2, and 1.2-1.6% V. Over 98% of the
titanium and vanadium reported to the slag phase. The slag was roasted with soda
ash at 950 degrees C and then lenched with hot water at 80 degrees C to recover
vanadium. The leach residue was further treated with hydrochloric acid at 105
degrees C in order to upgrade TiO2 content by removing mainly iron, magnesium and
aluminum. The final product contained 82.9% TiO2, 1.5% FeO, 15.6% SiO2, 1% MgO, 2%
Al2O3, and 0.3% CaO with an overall titanium recovery above 90%. This product can
be utilized as feedstock to the pigment industry.
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Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
GA QE613
UT WOS:A1995QE61300014
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Gutierrez, A
Miró, L
Gil, A
Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza, J
Barreneche, C
Calvet, N
Py, X
Fernandez, AI
Grágeda, M
Ushak, S
Cabeza, LF
AF Gutierrez, Andrea
Miro, Laia
Gil, Antoni
Rodriguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier
Barreneche, Camila
Calvet, Nicolas
Py, Xavier
Fernandez, A. Ines
Grageda, Mario
Ushak, Svetlana
Cabeza, Luisa F.
TI Advances in the valorization of waste and by-product materials as
thermal energy storage (TES) materials
SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE Thermal energy storage (TES); Industrial waste; Slags; Aluminium dross;
Inorganic TES
ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-STORAGE; MOLTEN-SALTS;
STEEL SLAG; SELECTION; CERAMICS; CONCRETE; SYSTEM; COMPATIBILITY
AB Today, one of the biggest challenges our society must face is the satisfactory
supply, dispatchability and management of the energy. Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
has been identified as a breakthrough concept in industrial heat recovery
applications and development of renewable technologies such as concentrated solar
power (CSP) plants or compressed air energy storage (CAES). A wide variety of
potential heat storage materials has been identified depending on the implemented
TES method: sensible, latent or thermochemical. Although no ideal storage material
has been identified, several materials have shown a high potential depending on the
mentioned considerations. Despite the amount of studied potential heat storage
materials, the determination of new alternatives for next generation technologies
is still open. One of the main drawbacks in the development of storage materials is
their cost. In this regard, this paper presents the review of waste materials and
by-products candidates which use contributes in lowering the total cost of the
storage system and the valorization of waste industrial materials have strong
environmental and societal benefits such as reducing the landfilled waste amounts,
reducing the greenhouse emissions and others. This article reviews different
industrial waste materials that have been considered as potential TES materials and
have been characterized as such. Asbestos containing wastes, fly ashes, by-products
from the salt industry and from the metal industry, wastes from recycling steel
process and from copper refining process and dross from the aluminum industry, and
municipal wastes (glass and nylon) have been considered. Themophysical properties,
characterization and experiences using these candidates are discussed and compared.
This review shows that the revalorization of wastes or by-products as TES materials
is possible, and that more studies are needed to achieve industrial deployment of
the idea. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gutierrez, Andrea; Grageda, Mario; Ushak, Svetlana] Univ Antofagasta, Ctr Adv
Study Lithium & Ind Minerals CELiMIN, Dept Chem Engn & Mineral Proc, Av Univ
Antofagasta,Campus Coloso, Antofagasta 02800, Chile.
[Miro, Laia; Barreneche, Camila; Cabeza, Luisa F.] Univ Lleida, GREA Innovacio
Concurrent, Edifici CREA,Pere Cabrera S-N, Lleida 25001, Spain.
[Gil, Antoni; Rodriguez-Aseguinolaza, Javier] CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnol
Alava,C Albert Einstein 48,Edif CIC, Minano 01510, Alava, Spain.
[Barreneche, Camila; Fernandez, A. Ines] Univ Barcelona, Dept Mat Sci & Met
Engn, Marti & Franques 1,08028, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
[Calvet, Nicolas] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Inst Ctr
Energy iEnergy, POB 54224, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
[Py, Xavier] Univ Perpignan, PROMES CNRS UPR8521, Via Domitia, F-66100
Perpignan, France.
[Grageda, Mario; Ushak, Svetlana] Solar Energy Res Ctr SERC Chile, Av Tupper
2007,Piso 4, Santiago, Chile.
[Gil, Antoni] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
USA.
C3 Universidad de Antofagasta; Universitat de Lleida; CIC Energigune;
University of Barcelona; Khalifa University of Science & Technology;
Universite Perpignan Via Domitia; Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Engineering & Systems Sciences
(INSIS); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
RP Ushak, S (corresponding author), Univ Antofagasta, Ctr Adv Study Lithium & Ind
Minerals CELiMIN, Dept Chem Engn & Mineral Proc, Av Univ Antofagasta,Campus Coloso,
Antofagasta 02800, Chile.
EM svetlana.ushak@uantof.cl
RI Aseguinolaza, Javier Rodríguez/U-3191-2019; Ushak,
Svetlana/AAA-2348-2019; Miró, Laia/G-5102-2015; FERNANDEZ, ANA
INES/G-2719-2010; Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013; Gil,
Antoni/HLW-9218-2023; Barreneche, Camila/AAG-8337-2020; Barreneche,
Camila/L-3100-2014
OI Aseguinolaza, Javier Rodríguez/0000-0001-8676-5108; Ushak,
Svetlana/0000-0002-1933-9624; Miró, Laia/0000-0003-4890-6357; FERNANDEZ,
ANA INES/0000-0001-9212-9714; Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X; Gil,
Antoni/0000-0002-4900-1317; Barreneche, Camila/0000-0003-3636-3180;
Calvet, Nicolas/0000-0003-4302-913X; Gutierrez,
Andrea/0000-0002-6313-8264
FU Spanish government [ENE2011-28269-C03-02, ENE2011-22722, ULLE10-4E-1305,
BES-2012-051861]; European Union [PIRSES-GA-2013-610692]; Department of
Industry, Innovation, Commerce and Tourism of the Basque Country
government through the ETORTEK CIC Energigune [IE 13-375]; French
government through the ANR SESCO project; French government through the
ANR SACRE project; CNRS; University of Perpignan Via Domitia;
EUROPLASMA/INERTAM Company; FONDECYT [1120422]; CONICYT/FONDAP
[15110019]; Education Ministry of Chile [PMI ANT 1201, ANT 1106]
FX The work is partially funded by the Spanish government
(ENE2011-28269-C03-02, ENE2011-22722 and ULLE10-4E-1305). The authors
would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation
given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123) and research group
DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543). The research leading to these results has
received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013) under Grant agreement no. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692
(INNOSTORAGE). Laia Miro would like to thank the Spanish Government for
her research fellowship (BES-2012-051861). The work at CIC Energigune
was supported by the Department of Industry, Innovation, Commerce and
Tourism of the Basque Country government through the ETORTEK CIC
Energigune-2013 research program no. IE 13-375. Research at Masdar
Institute is supported by the Government of Abu Dhabi to help fulfil the
vision of the late President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nayhan for
sustainable development and empowerment of the UAE and humankind under
no. SG2014-000002. Researchers of PROMES address all their gratitude to
the French government for the funding of their work through the ANR
SESCO and SACRE projects within the ANR SEED program. They also
acknowledge the support of the CNRS, the University of Perpignan Via
Domitia and the EUROPLASMA/INERTAM Company. The work at the University
of Antofagasta was supported by FONDECYT (Grant No. 1120422),
CONICYT/FONDAP No. 15110019, and the Education Ministry of Chile Grant
PMI ANT 1201. Andrea Gutierrez would like to acknowledge to the
Education Ministry of Chile her doctorate scholarship ANT 1106 and
CONICYT/PAI No. 7813110010.
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DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Czerwinski, F
AF Czerwinski, Frank
TI Cerium in aluminum alloys
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES; RARE-EARTH CE; CU-MG ALLOYS; AL-CE;
MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE;
MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MICRO-ADDITIONS; THERMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT
AB Rare-earth metals create unique opportunities in improving properties of
aluminum alloys. For over a century, there have been attempts to explore cerium for
aluminum alloying, emphasizing advantages it exhibits among rare earths. This
review covers laboratory and industrial efforts of applying cerium for a purpose of
developing aluminum alloys with superior properties. The binary Al-Ce, ternary Al-
Ce-X and higher-order phase systems are reviewed with a focus on the aluminum-rich
sections. The role of cerium in forming stable, high-melting-point compounds,
improving strength and thermal stability is analyzed along with its function as a
grain refiner in the aluminum melt, the eutectic modifier, as de-gasifying and de-
slagging agent through its reaction with gas and liquid impurities. In addition to
conventional alloys with cerium as a minor and major ingredient also amorphous
alloys along with aluminum matrix nanocomposites, exploring cerium oxide as
reinforcement, are assessed. The role of cerium in bulk alloying is expanded to
surface engineering solutions enhancing aluminum wear and corrosion resistance.
Efforts of cerium recovery from parts after end of service life and alloy design
for a recycling friendly world are discussed to minimize losses and prevent
contamination of material supply chain in modern manufacturing.
C1 [Czerwinski, Frank] Nat Resources Canada, CanmetMAT, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
C3 Natural Resources Canada; Innovation Energy & Technology Sector -
Natural Resources Canada; CanmetMATERIALS
RP Czerwinski, F (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, CanmetMAT, Hamilton,
ON, Canada.
EM frank.czerwinski@canada.ca
OI Czerwinski, Frank/0000-0001-9505-5140
FU Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) of Natural Resources
Canada
FX This study was funded by the Program of Energy Research and Development
(PERD) of Natural Resources Canada.
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NR 313
TC 80
Z9 82
U1 23
U2 207
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2461
EI 1573-4803
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 55
IS 1
BP 24
EP 72
DI 10.1007/s10853-019-03892-z
PG 49
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA JG2HW
UT WOS:000491897900002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Manfredi, O
Wuth, W
Bohlinger, I
AF Manfredi, O
Wuth, W
Bohlinger, I
TI Characterizing the physical and chemical properties of aluminum dross
SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB In this article, the results of an investigation of granular and compact
aluminum dresses are reported. The bulk density of granular drosses was determined
according to DIN 52110-B, while DIN 52102-RE-VA was applied to compact dresses. The
salt contents of the dresses were measured by applying the leaching test DIN 38414-
S4; the metal contents by the salt-melting process were measured on a laboratory
scale. In addition to the density data, the particle-size analysis, the
distribution of elements in the different fractions, composition, metal content of
recovered alloys, and gas evolution were compiled in a dress identity card
characterizing each dress and simplifying the preanalysis for recovery.
RP Manfredi, O (corresponding author), Jose Patino 3115, RA-501 Cordoba, Argentina.
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NR 17
TC 79
Z9 89
U1 0
U2 28
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S
JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
PD NOV
PY 1997
VL 49
IS 11
BP 48
EP 51
DI 10.1007/s11837-997-0012-9
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 114QQ
UT WOS:000075620700014
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Ren, GX
Xiao, SW
Xie, MQ
Pan, B
Chen, J
Wang, FG
Xia, X
AF Ren, Guo-xing
Xiao, Song-wen
Xie, Mei-qiu
Pan, Bing
Chen, Jian
Wang, Feng-gang
Xia, Xing
TI Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries by smelting
reduction process based on
FeO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system
SO TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
LA English
DT Article
DE lithium ion battery; smelting reduction; cobalt; nickel; copper slag;
fayalite
ID NICKEL; COBALT; ACID; EQUILIBRIUM; VISCOSITY; ALUMINUM
AB A novel smelting reduction process based on FeO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system for spent
lithium ion batteries with Al cans was developed, while using copper slag as the
only slag former. The feasibility of the process and the mechanism of copper loss
in slag were investigated. 98.83% Co, 98.39% Ni and 93.57% Cu were recovered under
the optimum conditions of slag former/battery mass ratio of 4.0: 1, smelting
temperature of 1723 K, and smelting mass ratio of time of 30 min. The FeO-SiO2-
Al2O3 slag system for the smelting process is appropriate under the conditions of
m(FeO): m(SiO2)= 0.58: 1-1.03: 1, and 17.19%-21.52% Al2O3 content. The obtained
alloy was mainly composed of Fe-Co-Cu-Ni solid solution including small amounts of
matte. The obtained slag mainly consisted of fayalite and hercynite. Meanwhile, the
mechanism of copper loss is the mechanical entrainment from strip-like fayalite
particles in the main form of copper sulfide and metallic copper.
C1 [Ren, Guo-xing; Xiao, Song-wen; Xie, Mei-qiu; Pan, Bing; Chen, Jian; Wang, Feng-
gang; Xia, Xing] Changsha Res Inst Min & Met Co Ltd, Changsha 410012, Hunan,
Peoples R China.
RP Xiao, SW (corresponding author), Changsha Res Inst Min & Met Co Ltd, Changsha
410012, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM swinxiao@126.com
FU State-Owned Enterprise Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance, China
[JS-211]
FX Project (JS-211) supported by the State-Owned Enterprise Electric
Vehicle Industry Alliance, China
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5
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X, 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61460-x]
NR 25
TC 77
Z9 87
U1 9
U2 111
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 1003-6326
EI 2210-3384
J9 T NONFERR METAL SOC
JI Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 27
IS 2
BP 450
EP 456
DI 10.1016/S1003-6326(17)60051-7
PG 7
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA EP3FT
UT WOS:000397268900024
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Gil, A
Korili, SA
AF Gil, A.
Korili, S. A.
TI Management and valorization of aluminum saline slags: Current status and
future trends
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Review
DE Aluminum saline slag; Industrial waste valorization; Nonmetallic
products; High-value-added product
ID SALT CAKE; HAZARDOUS-WASTE; CEMENT MORTARS; DROSS; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR;
ALPO4-5
AB The current situation as regards the management and valorization of aluminum
saline slags, also known as aluminum salt cake or salt slag, is reviewed in this
work. Aluminum saline slags are produced by the secondary aluminum industry and
formed during the aluminum scrap/dross melting processes. The amount of saline slag
generated in these operations can vary between 30% and 60% of the metal produced,
that is, between 300 and 600 kg per ton of aluminum produced. This waste contains
about 3-9 wt.% metallic aluminum, 20-50 wt.% oxides, such as aluminum oxide (also
referred to as nonmetallic products), 20-75 wt.% flux brines, and other components
in smaller proportions. Due to their composition and possible reaction with water,
saline slags are classified as hazardous waste and are included in the European
List of Wastes, which means that they must be deposited in landfills or in secure
deposits. Similarly, salt cake is a byproduct which could be recovered provided the
process is economically viable. Direct applications such as inert filling for
construction, road paving, morter components, aluminum salts, inert filler in
polymer composites, adsorbents, mineral wood, have been reported. Aluminum, by
chemical dissolution from the nonmetallic fraction, can also be recovered as a
high-value-added product and used to synthesize materials such as pure alumina,
salts, and hydroxides. This work reviews current methods for treating saline slags,
with a primary focus on the synthesis of products from the nonmetallic fraction.
(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gil, A.; Korili, S. A.] Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Appl Chem, Los Acebos
Bldg,Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
C3 Universidad Publica de Navarra
RP Gil, A (corresponding author), Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Appl Chem, Los Acebos
Bldg,Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006, Spain.
EM andoni@unavarra.es
FU Seventh Framework Programme through project RecycAl
FX This work was funded by Seventh Framework Programme through the project
RecycAl.
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NR 68
TC 74
Z9 75
U1 6
U2 101
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 1385-8947
EI 1873-3212
J9 CHEM ENG J
JI Chem. Eng. J.
PD APR 1
PY 2016
VL 289
BP 74
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.cej.2015.12.069
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA DF7TG
UT WOS:000371559900009
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MM
Tan, QY
Liu, LL
Li, JH
AF Wang, Mengmeng
Tan, Quanyin
Liu, Lili
Li, Jinhui
TI Efficient Separation of Aluminum Foil and Cathode Materials from Spent
Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Low-Temperature Molten Salt
SO ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Polyvinylidene fluoride; Metal recovery; AlCl3-NaCl; Heat storage;
Nontoxic; Low cost; Environmentally friendly
ID THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; PRINTED-CIRCUIT BOARDS; VALUABLE METALS;
SELECTIVE RECOVERY; RECYCLING PROCESS; COBALT; TECHNOLOGIES; SCRAP;
PERFORMANCE; CARBONATE
AB The effective separation of aluminum (Al) foil and cathode materials is a
critical issue for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous
studies have shown that the strong binding force provided by the organic binder
polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) between the cathode materials and the Al foil of
spent LIBs makes it difficult to peel off the cathode materials from the Al foil,
reducing the effectiveness of the metal recovery process. This study reports on a
low-temperature molten salt technology for melting the organic binder PVDF. The
results showed that an aluminum chloride-sodium chloride (AlCl3-NaCl) system-a
nontoxic reaction medium-could melt PVDF efficiently and is environmentally
friendly as well, because of the phase transformation of molten salt caused by heat
storage. The optimal conditions for peeling off cathode materials were a
temperature of 160 degrees C, molten salt:cathode electrode mass ratio of 10:1, and
holding time of 20 min. The highest peeling off percentage of cathode materials was
99.8 wt %. The purpose of this study was to provide an environmentally friendly,
low-cost, and effective solution for the separation of cathode materials and Al
foil from spent LIBs.
C1 [Wang, Mengmeng; Tan, Quanyin; Liu, Lili; Li, Jinhui] Tsinghua Univ, Sch
Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084,
Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Li, JH (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab
Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM jinhui@tsinghua.edu.cn
OI Tan, Quanyin/0000-0003-2570-0540; Wang, Mengmeng/0000-0002-7170-4801
FU major project of "The Beijing Social Science Fund" [17ZDA27]
FX This research is supported by major project of "The Beijing Social
Science Fund" (17ZDA27).
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NR 48
TC 71
Z9 78
U1 13
U2 191
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2168-0485
J9 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG
JI ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.
PD MAY 6
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 9
BP 8287
EP 8294
DI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06694
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology;
Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering
GA HX4FU
UT WOS:000467351200031
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Boin, UMJ
Bertram, M
AF Boin, UMJ
Bertram, M
TI Melting standardized aluminum scrap: A mass balance model for Europe
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
AB Although individual aluminum recycling companies have good knowledge of scrap in
terms of its characteristic metal yield during melting, an overall view of this
industry is still missing. An aluminum mass balance for the aluminum recycling
industry in the European Union member states from 1995 to 2004 (EU-15) has been
carried out. The objective was to increase the transparency of the complex
recycling system and to determine how resource-conservative the industry is when
melting aluminum scrap. Results show that in 2002, about 7 million tonnes of
purchased, tolled, and internal scrap-with a metal content Of 94%-were recycled in
the EU-15. By comparing the net metal input to the final product, the study finds a
very respectable metal recovery rate of 98%.
C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Earth Sci, Delft, Netherlands.
European Aluminium Assoc, Brussels, Belgium.
Org European Aluminium Refiners & Remelters, Brussels, Belgium.
C3 Delft University of Technology
RP Bertram, M (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Earth Sci,
Delft, Netherlands.
EM bertram@eaa.be
CR [Anonymous], ALUMINIUM RECYCLING
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European Commission, 2000, ECB MONTHL B, P35
*INT AL I, 2005, AL REC PATH SUST DEV
KRUPP RE, 2004, GERMAN HANNOVER GERM
KUKSHINRICHS W, 2003, SERIES MATTER MAT, V17
PECK P, 2003, THESIS LUND U
ZHENG H, 2004, J MATER CYCLES WASTE, V6, P153
NR 13
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD AUG
PY 2005
VL 57
IS 8
BP 26
EP 33
DI 10.1007/s11837-005-0164-4
PG 8
GA 956EP
UT WOS:000231282400005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, YP
Reuter, MA
Boin, U
AF Xiao, YP
Reuter, MA
Boin, U
TI Aluminium recycling and environmental issues of salt slag treatment
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental Concerns
CY OCT 12-15, 2004
CL Xiamen, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE aluminum cycle; scrap recycling; metal yield; recyclability; salt slag;
environmental impact
AB Environmental friendly recycling is the trend toward total recycling of
aluminium metal. In the secondary aluminium industry, due to the complexity of
compositions and contaminants in the various types of aluminium scraps, an
understanding of the behavior of different scraps during melting is crucial in the
recycling process. Salt slags are the byproducts of the secondary aluminium
industry, which should be recycled and processed in a proper way by taking the
environmental impact into consideration. This article provides qualitative
assessment on 10 different commercial aluminium scraps for their relative
recyclability via well-designed and controlled laboratory experiments. It confirms
that more nonmetallic contaminants, smaller size, and higher ratio of surface area
to body volume generally lead to a lower metal recovery. Recycling the scraps with
lower recyclability normally generates more salt slags. High slag viscosity leads
to more fine aluminum metal entrapped in the salt slag and thus increases the load
of salt slag recycling. It was found that viscosity of the salt flux is increased
with the amount of entrapped nonmetallic components, which affect the settling of
heavier materials. In addition, the slag samples from the melting tests were
leached and analyzed to evaluate the behavior of carbon containing scrap. The
elevated carbon content in the scrap resulted in more-carbide formation in salt
slags and thus more methane generation in salt slag recycling with a higher
environmental impact.
C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 RX Delft, Netherlands.
RP Xiao, YP (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Mijnbouwstr 120, NL-2628 RX
Delft, Netherlands.
EM y.xiao@ta.tudelft.nl
RI Reuter, Markus A/D-2839-2015; Reuter, Markus/M-5565-2019
OI Reuter, Markus A/0000-0003-0500-4863; Reuter, Markus/0000-0003-0500-4863
CR Janz G. J., 1968, MOLTEN SALTS ELECT C, V1
LEVIN EM, 1975, PHASE DIAGRAMS CERAM, P334
8846(00)00272-6
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Ye JA, 1996, MATER T JIM, V37, P170, DOI 10.2320/matertrans1989.37.170
NR 7
TC 64
Z9 68
U1 1
U2 38
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1093-4529
EI 1532-4117
J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A
JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng.
PY 2005
VL 40
IS 10
BP 1861
EP 1875
DI 10.1080/10934520500183824
PG 15
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation
Index - Science (CPCI-S)
GA 969ZX
UT WOS:000232276100004
PM 16194908
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shuva, MAH
Rhamdhani, MA
Brooks, GA
Masood, S
Reuter, MA
AF Shuva, M. A. H.
Rhamdhani, M. A.
Brooks, G. A.
Masood, S.
Reuter, M. A.
TI Thermodynamics data of valuable elements relevant to e-waste processing
through primary and secondary copper production: a review
SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
LA English
DT Review
DE Thermodynamics; Precious metals distribution; Valuable metals
distribution; Black copper smelting; E-waste recycling; WEEE recycling
ID DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTION EQUILIBRIA; LIQUID COPPER;
FEOX-CAO-SIO2 SLAGS; MINOR ELEMENTS; TELLURIUM DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRONIC
WASTE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PRECIOUS METALS; MOLTEN COPPER
AB Waste of electronics and electrical equipment (WEEE or e-waste) can be viewed as
a resource for metals, as it does not only contain the common metals like iron
(Fe), aluminium (Al), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) but also traces of precious and
rare elements such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), selenium (Se), tellurium
(Te), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), tantalum (Ta), cobalt (Co) and indium (In).
The recovery of these trace elements is vital, not just because it has high
commercial values, but also for resources efficiency. One of the existing
industrial routes for processing of e-waste is through the primary and secondary Cu
smelting processes. During these processes, the trace elements are distributed in
different phases, i.e. in metal/matte, slag and gas. Different elements have
different thermodynamic properties that govern the partitioning behaviour during
the process. There has been a number of studies on the distribution behaviour of
the trace elements relevant to primary Cu smelting (extraction of metals from
virgin ores). However, there are only limited thermodynamics data relevant to
secondary Cu smelting (extraction of metals from secondary/recycled sources). This
paper reviews the thermodynamics data relevant for recovering the trace valuable
elements from the primary Cu as well as secondary Cu smelting. These data and
knowledge provide the basis for determining the optimum conditions favourable for
recovering the trace valuable elements in e-waste through the industrial Cu
pyrometallurgical processing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shuva, M. A. H.; Rhamdhani, M. A.; Brooks, G. A.; Masood, S.] Swinburne Univ
Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.
[Shuva, M. A. H.; Rhamdhani, M. A.; Brooks, G. A.; Masood, S.] Wealth Waste Res
Cluster, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
[Reuter, M. A.] Helmholtz Inst Freiberg Resource Technol, Freiberg, Germany.
C3 Swinburne University of Technology; Helmholtz Association;
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
RP Rhamdhani, MA (corresponding author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic
3122, Australia.
EM ARhamdhani@swin.edu.au
RI Masood, Syed/AAI-9769-2020; Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar/ACM-2274-2022;
Reuter, Markus/M-5565-2019
OI Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar/0000-0002-9457-3808; Reuter,
Markus/0000-0003-0500-4863; Brooks, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8499-780X;
Masood, Syed/0000-0001-9472-1527
FU Wealth from Waste Research Cluster; Australian CSIRO (Commonwealth
Scientific Industrial Research Organisation); University of Technology,
Sydney; University of Queensland, USA; Swinburne University of
Technology, USA; Monash University, USA; Yale University, USA; Swinburne
Research for the Swinburne University Postgraduate Research Award
(SUPRA)
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Swinburne Research for the
Swinburne University Postgraduate Research Award (SUPRA) support. The
authors would like to also acknowledge the support of the Wealth from
Waste Research Cluster, a collaborative program between the Australian
CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation);
University of Technology, Sydney; The University of Queensland,
Swinburne University of Technology, Monash University and Yale
University, USA.
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NR 112
TC 58
Z9 61
U1 6
U2 206
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD SEP 10
PY 2016
VL 131
BP 795
EP 809
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.061
PG 15
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Engineering, Environmental;
Environmental Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences
& Ecology
GA DQ5UP
UT WOS:000379270900076
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Du, CM
Shang, C
Gong, XJ
Ting, W
Wei, XG
AF Du Changming
Shang Chao
Gong, Xiangjie
Wang Ting
Wei Xiange
TI Plasma methods for metals recovery from metal-containing waste
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Plasma; Metal waste; Metal; Recovery
ID DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARGES; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE;
METALLURGICAL-GRADE SILICON; IN-FLIGHT TREATMENT; THERMAL PLASMA;
ELECTROPLATING SLUDGE; VALUABLE METALS; CIRCUIT BOARDS; IRON RECOVERY;
GLIDING ARC
AB Metal-containing waste, a kind of new wastes, has a great potential for
recycling and is also difficult to deal with. Many countries pay more and more
attention to develop the metal recovery process and equipment of this kind of waste
as raw material, so as to solve the environmental pollution and comprehensively
utilize the discarded metal resources. Plasma processing is an efficient and
environmentally friendly way for metal-containing waste. This review mainly discuss
various metal-containing waste types, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), red
mud, galvanic sludge, Zircon, aluminium dross and incinerated ash, and the
corresponding plasma methods, which include DC extended transferred arc plasma
reactor, DC non-transferred arc plasma torch, RF thermal plasma reactor and argon
and argon-hydrogen plasma jets. In addition, the plasma arc melting technology has
a better purification effect on the extraction of useful metals from metal-
containing wastes, a great capacity of volume reduction of waste materials, and a
low leaching toxicity of solid slag, which can also be used to deal with all kinds
of metal waste materials, having a wide range of applications. (C) 2018 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Du Changming; Shang Chao; Gong, Xiangjie; Wang Ting; Wei Xiange] Sun Yat Sen
Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 Sun Yat Sen University
RP Du, CM; Wei, XG (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci &
Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM duchm@mail.sysu.edu.cn; 1220805600@qq.corn; eeswxg@mail.sysu.edu.cn
FU Guangdong Applied Science and Technology Research Project, China
[2015B020237005]; Natural Science Foundation of GuangDong, China
[2016A030313221]
FX The project is supported by the Guangdong Applied Science and Technology
Research Project, China (2015B020237005), and Natural Science Foundation
of GuangDong, China (2016A030313221).
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U2 124
PI OXFORD
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J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 77
BP 373
EP 387
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PG 15
GA GO8YR
UT WOS:000440389600040
PM 29709310
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Gil, A
AF Gil, A
TI Management of the salt cake from secondary aluminum fusion processes
SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB This work describes the current situation of the production of primary and
secondary aluminum. Due to the economic importance of secondary aluminum
production, the process of obtaining it has been summarized, specially highlighting
the generation and management of salt cake. The reassessment of this new waste is
not economically viable; the best option is the minimization of its production,
recovery of the metal aluminum, and disposal of the remaining fraction in
controlled landfills. The process carried out at the Iberian business of light
alloys (Iberica de Aleaciones Ligeras, S. L., IDALSA), a Spanish refinery, is
presented. This company has implemented several new technologies in order to
minimize the salt cake generation from secondary aluminum fusion processes. The
incorporated treatments have helped IDALSA to decrease the salt cake generated per
recycled ton of byproduct to less than half its previous value. The remaining waste
is disposed of in a controlled landfill.
C1 Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Appl Chem, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
C3 Universidad Publica de Navarra
RP Gil, A (corresponding author), Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Appl Chem, Bldg Los
Acebos,Campus Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
EM andoni@unavarra.es
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NR 14
TC 54
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U1 1
U2 19
PI WASHINGTON
SN 0888-5885
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PD NOV 9
PY 2005
VL 44
IS 23
BP 8852
EP 8857
DI 10.1021/ie050835o
PG 6
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 983EM
UT WOS:000233214000046
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Guo, XY
Liu, JX
Qin, H
Liu, Y
Tian, QH
Li, D
AF Guo, Xueyi
Liu, Jingxin
Qin, Hong
Liu, Yang
Tian, Qinghua
Li, Dong
TI Recovery of metal values from waste printed circuit boards using an
alkali fusion-leaching-separation process
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Waste printed circuit boards; Alkali fusion process; Copper; Amphoteric
metals
ID PRECIOUS METALS; COPPER CATHODE; TITANIUM; END; PYROLYSIS; STABILITY;
VANADIUM; SCRAP; GOLD; SLAG
AB An efficient alkali fusion-leaching-separation process is developed to recover
metals in crushed metal enrichment (CME) which originated from waste printed
circuit boards (PCBs). Impacts of fusion parameters on metals conversions were
systematically investigated. In the fusion-leaching process, amphoteric metals such
as tin, lead, zinc and aluminum in the CME were leached out, while leaving copper
and precious metals in the residue. Subsequently, metals in solution were further
extracted via precipitation processes, and metals in the residue were recovered
using an add leaching-electrowinning process. Cathode copper, nano-Cu2O,
CaSnO3/CaSn(OH)(6) crystal and mixture of PbS-ZnS were obtained as the final
products of this process. By optimizing the experimental conditions, recoveries of
98.66% for Cu, 91.08% for Sn, 91.25% for Zn, 78.78% for Pb were achieved,
respectively. And all precious metals were enriched in the final residue with
grades of Au 613 g/t, and Ag 2157 g/t. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Xueyi; Liu, Jingxin; Qin, Hong; Liu, Yang; Tian, Qinghua; Li, Dong] Cent S
Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
[Guo, Xueyi; Tian, Qinghua; Li, Dong] Nonferrous Met Ind China, Cleaner Met Engn
Res Ctr, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University
RP Guo, XY (corresponding author), Cent S Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha
EM xyguo@csu.edu.cn
OI Liu, Jingxin/0000-0001-6882-2228; Guo, Xueyi/0000-0003-0660-3024
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51074190, 51234009];
International Cooperation program of Ministry of Science & Technology of
China [2014DFA90520]
FX The work presented in this paper is supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Project No.51074190 and No.51234009), the
International Cooperation program of Ministry of Science & Technology of
China (Project No.2014DFA90520).
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NR 40
TC 51
Z9 56
U1 3
U2 77
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 156
BP 199
EP 205
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.06.011
PG 7
GA CR5RE
UT WOS:000361400800026
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Phiri, TC
Singh, P
Nikoloski, AN
AF Phiri, Tina Chanda
Singh, Pritam
Nikoloski, Aleksandar N.
TI The potential for copper slag waste as a resource for a circular
economy: A review-Part II
LA English
DT Review
DE Copper slag waste; Circular economy; Characterisation; Metal recovery;
Utilisation
ID RUDAWY JANOWICKIE MOUNTAINS; HISTORICAL CU-SLAGS; CONVERTER SLAG;
SMELTER SLAG; METAL VALUES; BASE METALS; HYDROMETALLURGICAL RECOVERY;
MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; FLOTATION TAILINGS
AB Copper slag waste has continued to cause increasing concerns due to the huge
volumes being produced annually worldwide. This paper presents a review of copper
slag as a potential resource for cobalt and copper metals for a circular economy.
An overview of the chemical and mineralogical characterisation of copper slag from
21 major producing countries is discussed. Characterisation is an important
consideration in understanding the nature and environmental behaviour of copper
slag. Copper smelter slags are highly heterogeneous and chemically diverse. The
principal slag constituents are silica, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, limestone, and
alumina. The slag also contains high concentrations of valuable metals and
metalloids such as copper, cobalt, zinc, calcium, aluminium, silver, magnesium, and
lead. The variation in the chemical and mineralogical composition of copper slag is
mainly influenced by the type of concentrate, type of fluxes, furnace type and
cooling rates during and following the smelting and converting processes.
Furthermore, the various processing strategies for metal recovery, such as
flotation, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy is presented. Finally, utilisation of
the copper slag waste in the concrete industry to promote environmental
sustainability is discussed. This review demonstrates that processing and
repurposing of copper slag waste has benefits of a circular economy such as
increasing critical metal supply, lowering the cost of concrete, and reducing
environmental harm.
C1 [Phiri, Tina Chanda; Singh, Pritam; Nikoloski, Aleksandar N.] Murdoch Univ, Fac
Energy & Engn, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
C3 Murdoch University
RP Nikoloski, AN (corresponding author), Murdoch Univ, Fac Energy & Engn, 90 South
St, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
EM a.nikoloski@murdoch.edu.au
OI Nikoloski, Aleksandar/0000-0002-5267-7262
FU Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for the Future Fellowship
FX The authors would like to thank the Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for
the Future Fellowship for the financial support.
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NR 131
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 16
U2 74
PI OXFORD
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD OCT 1
PY 2021
VL 172
AR 107150
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107150
EA AUG 2021
PG 16
GA US6GU
UT WOS:000697526100008
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Pereira, DA
Aguiar, J
Castro, F
Almeida, MF
Labrincha, JA
AF Pereira, DA
Aguiar, J
Castro, F
Almeida, MF
Labrincha, JA
TI Mechanical behaviour of Portland cement mortars with incorporation of
Al-containing salt slags
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE waste management; mortar; Portland cement; salt slag; mechanical
properties
AB Recovery of a salt cake slag produced from aluminum scrap re-melted in rotary
furnaces, at the lowest cost, while complying with all environmental laws is the
main objective of this study. The characterisation of the slag residue involved
determinations of the water leaching conditions, toxicological analysis, chemical
analysis of the leaching waste, and mineralogical composition. A two-phase study
was made to determine the effect of waste additions on mechanical properties of
cement mortars, involving partial replacements of either sand or cement. SEM
characterisation of fracture surfaces was also made. Partial substitution of
cement, which is the most expensive component of the mortar, by salt slag has both
environmental and economical advantages. However, only small amounts (up to 10 wt.
%) can be replaced by washed slag without significant damage to mortar
characteristics. Sand substitution by slag is less problematic and 30-50 wt.%
replacement levels are easily achieved. However, the direct economical impact is
less relevant. The incorporation of unwashed slag in impracticable, as a result of
noxious gases released and significant volumetric expansion effects. (C) 2000
Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Aveiro, Dep Eng Ceram & Vidro, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Inst Super Engn, Dep Eng Mecan, P-4200 Oporto, Portugal.
Univ Minho, Dept Civil Engn, P-4810 Guimaraes, Portugal.
Univ Minho, Dept Eng Mecan, P-4810 Guimaraes, Portugal.
Univ Porto, Dept Engn Met, P-4000 Oporto, Portugal.
C3 Universidade de Aveiro; Instituto Politecnico do Porto; Universidade do
Minho; Universidade do Minho; Universidade do Porto
RP Labrincha, JA (corresponding author), Univ Aveiro, Dep Eng Ceram & Vidro, P-
3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
EM jal@cv.ua.pt
RI Castro, Fernando A.P./H-6642-2015; Labrincha, J./B-3984-2010; Aguiar,
José/B-6597-2009; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca/I-7072-2015
OI Castro, Fernando A.P./0000-0002-6674-3988; Labrincha,
J./0000-0003-4782-1685; Aguiar, José/0000-0003-3954-5721; Almeida,
Manuel Fonseca/0000-0001-9326-7043
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NR 9
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 6
PI OXFORD
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2000
VL 30
IS 7
BP 1131
EP 1138
DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00272-6
PG 8
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 356KQ
UT WOS:000089442800015
OA Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Puga, H
Barbosa, J
Soares, D
Silva, F
Ribeiro, S
AF Puga, H.
Barbosa, J.
Soares, D.
Silva, F.
Ribeiro, S.
TI Recycling of aluminium swarf by direct incorporation in aluminium melts
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Recycling; Environment; Aluminium; Swarf
ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; CHIPS
AB The purpose of this work was to recover a standard AlSi12Cu1 alloy from
machining chips inside the foundry plant, by using an environmentally friend
technique to produce cast ingots with characteristics similar to those of the
commercially available 2nd melt raw material.
The recyclability of aluminium swarf using different melting techniques and the
influence of chips preparation in the aluminium alloy recovery rate and dross
production was experimentally studied and evaluated.
It is shown that the recycling efficiency depends on the swarf conditioning for
melting, the melting technique and the metal treatment methodology. Chips moisture
reduction, induction melting under protective atmosphere and a specially developed
degassing technique were found the most important factors influencing the recycling
process. By using the developed technique, cast ingots with microstructure, sanity
and chemical composition similar to commercially available AlSi12Cu1 2nd melt raw
material were successfully obtained with minimum dross formation and metal recovery
rates around 90%, without using traditional salts and fluxes. (C) 2009 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Puga, H.; Barbosa, J.; Soares, D.; Silva, F.] Univ Minho, CT2M, Ctr Mech & Mat
Technol, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
[Ribeiro, S.] FEUP, Dept Met & Mat Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
C3 Universidade do Minho; Universidade do Porto
RP Barbosa, J (corresponding author), Univ Minho, CT2M, Ctr Mech & Mat Technol, P-
4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
EM kim@dem.uminho.pt
RI Silva, Filipe S/K-6812-2013; Barbosa, Joaquim/H-6980-2013; Puga,
Hélder/A-5450-2013; Soares, Delfim F./L-7412-2013
OI Silva, Filipe S/0000-0003-3596-3328; Barbosa,
Joaquim/0000-0002-7828-2912; Puga, Hélder/0000-0002-1121-6793; Soares,
Delfim F./0000-0003-1884-2380; Silva Ribeiro, Carlos
A./0000-0003-3074-8549
FU Agencia de Inovacao; Kupper and Schmidt
FX The authors wish to thank Agencia de Inovacao and Kupper and Schmidt for
the financial support of this work, and the University of Minho, where
the work was developed.
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NR 21
TC 48
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 37
PI LAUSANNE
SN 0924-0136
EI 1873-4774
J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH
JI J. Mater. Process. Technol.
PD JUN 21
PY 2009
VL 209
IS 11
BP 5195
EP 5203
DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.03.007
PG 9
WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 458XO
UT WOS:000267063000032
OA Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Raghavan, R
Mohanan, PK
Swarnkar, SR
AF Raghavan, R
Mohanan, PK
Swarnkar, SR
TI Hydrometallurgical processing of lead-bearing materials for the recovery
of lead and silver as lead concentrate and lead metal
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrometallurgical processing; lead-bearing material; zinc plants
ID CARBONATE; SULFATE
AB Hydrometallurgical processing of lead-bearing materials generated at zinc plants
is described. Two types of lead sulphate generated at the smelters of Hindustan
Zinc (HZL) have been used, in addition to other types of lead-silver-bearing
residues. Two approaches have been selected in view of the complexities of the
material. In the first approach, a simple double-decomposition technique was
selected for treatment of one of the lead-sulphate residues by reacting with
sodium-sulphide solution after the removal of acid-soluble metal values to produce
a high-quality lead concentrate. In the second approach, the lend-sulphate residue
was treated with brine solution and the resultant filtrate was reacted with sodium-
sulphide solution to obtain lead concentrate or cemented-out lead as lead sponge
using aluminium scrap, which was then briquetted and melted into lead metal,
Alternatively the lead sponge was subjected to roasting to obtain litharge as a
value-added product, The processes developed an very simple, easy to implement and
cost-effective, eco-friendly with cleaner technology. The recoveries are excellent.
The lead concentrate obtained by the proposed processes can be used directly in the
lead circuit and the lead sponge obtained can be melted and cast into lead ingot or
roasted to produce lead oxide. The quality of lead concentrate, lead metal and lead
oxide produced by the processes are also incorporated. Based on the results,
conceptual flowsheets have been developed to treat 3-5 tons/day lead-bearing
materials. A similar method was applied to other lead-zinc-cadmium-silver-bearing
materials generated at HZL plants. The results are presented along with the
flowsheet. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Res & Technol Dev, Visakhapatnam 530015, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
RP Raghavan, R (corresponding author), Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Res & Technol Dev,
Visakhapatnam 530015, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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NR 38
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 14
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD DEC
PY 2000
VL 58
IS 2
BP 103
EP 116
DI 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00108-0
PG 14
GA 366NY
UT WOS:000090012500002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Tripathy, AK
Mahalika, S
Sarangi, CK
Tripathy, BC
Sanjay, K
Bhattacharya, IN
AF Tripathy, A. K.
Mahalika, S.
Sarangi, C. K.
Tripathy, B. C.
Sanjay, K.
Bhattacharya, I. N.
TI A pyro-hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of alumina from waste
aluminium dross
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminium dross; Roasting; Leaching; Sodium carbonate; Alumina
ID DISSOLUTION
AB To maintain a balance between sustainable development in the industries and
natural environment, recycling of metal values is essential part of the ecosystem.
In this aspect recycling of waste aluminium dross is of great importance. Dross
formation is accomplished by natural oxidation of molten aluminium essentially on
the surface of the melt while reclaiming particularly the secondary metal. In this
work main focus was to develop a suitable process flow sheet for the production of
pure alumina from waste aluminium dross. The method followed was soda - roast and
dilute alkali leaching route and employing certain purification steps. About 90%
recovery of alumina was obtained. The main advantage of the process was the
recycling of the chemicals used in the system. The aluminium hydroxide obtained was
bayerite in nature. This hydroxide can be utilised as the precursor material for
obtaining different varieties of activated alumina through heat treatment for their
use in non-metallurgical applications. A tentative cost analysis has been provided
based on laboratory scale data.
C1 [Tripathy, A. K.; Mahalika, S.; Sarangi, C. K.; Tripathy, B. C.; Sanjay, K.;
Bhattacharya, I. N.] CSIR, IMMT, Hydro & Electromet Dept, Bhubaneswar 751013,
India.
[Tripathy, A. K.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem & Met Engn, ZA-2050 Johannesburg,
South Africa.
Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology (IMMT); University of
Witwatersrand
RP Tripathy, AK (corresponding author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Chem & Met Engn,
ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
EM bapun.tripathy@gmail.com
RI Tripathy, B.C./AAE-4876-2022
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Yi-ping J, 2009, S U TECHNOL, V16
NR 16
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 6
U2 59
PI OXFORD
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD JUN 15
PY 2019
VL 137
BP 181
EP 186
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.04.009
PG 6
GA HZ9CT
UT WOS:000469154100023
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Rivera, RM
Xakalashe, B
Ounoughene, G
Binnemans, K
Friedrich, B
Van Gerven, T
AF Rivera, Rodolfo Marin
Xakalashe, Buhle
Ounoughene, Ghania
Binnemans, Koen
Friedrich, Bernd
Van Gerven, Tom
TI Selective rare earth element extraction using high-pressure acid
leaching of slags arising from the smelting of bauxite residue
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE High-pressure acid leaching; Bauxite residue; Rare earths; Red mud;
Slag; Smelting
ID RED MUD; VALUABLE METALS; RECOVERY; SILICA; IRON; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS;
SCANDIUM; ALUMINUM; OPTIMIZATION
AB During acid leaching of bauxite residue (red mud), the increase in dissolution
of rare-earth elements (REEs) is associated with a substantial co-dissolution of
iron; this poses problems in the downstream processing (i.e. solvent extraction or
ion exchange). Six different slags generated by reductive smelting of the same
bauxite residue sample were treated by high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) with HCl
and H2SO4 to selectively extract REEs. Thus, up to 90 wt% of scandium was extracted
from the slags using H2SO4 at 150 degrees C, while with HCl the extraction of
scandium reached up to 80 wt% at 120 degrees C. The extraction of yttrium,
lanthanum and neodymium was above 95 wt% when HCl was used as a reagent, but it was
much lower ( < 20 wt%) with H2SO4, presumably due to the formation of a double
sulfate (NaLn(SO4)(2).nH(2O)) and/or due to the adsorption on the surface of
silicon/aluminium-oxides compounds. In addition, HPAL of bauxite residue slags led
to a significant co-dissolution of aluminium ( > 90 wt%, 18 g L-1), while the
concentration of the remaining iron ( > 60 wt%) was of 3 g L-1 in the leachate. The
co-dissolution of silicon and titanium was lower than 5 wt%.
C1 [Rivera, Rodolfo Marin; Ounoughene, Ghania; Van Gerven, Tom] Katholieke Univ
Leuven, Dept Chem Engn, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
[Xakalashe, Buhle; Friedrich, Bernd] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Proc Met &
Met Recycling, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
[Binnemans, Koen] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-
3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
C3 KU Leuven; RWTH Aachen University; KU Leuven
RP Van Gerven, T (corresponding author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem Engn,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
EM tom.vangerven@kuleuven.be
RI Van Gerven, Tom/B-5806-2015; Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7029-2021; Rivera,
Rodolfo Marin/AAF-8783-2019; Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7005-2021; Binnemans,
Koen/O-3242-2013
OI Van Gerven, Tom/0000-0003-2051-5696; Friedrich,
Bernd/0000-0002-2934-2034; Rivera, Rodolfo Marin/0000-0002-0169-2032;
Binnemans, Koen/0000-0003-4768-3606
FU European Community [636876]
FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the
European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2014-2019) under
Grant Agreement No. 636876 (MSCA- ETN REDMUD). This publication reflects
only the authors' view, exempting the Community from any liability.
Project website: http://www.etn.redmud.org. The authors thank Aluminium
of Greece for providing the bauxite residue sample.
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NR 65
TC 42
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 64
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 184
BP 162
EP 174
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.01.005
PG 13
GA HP1EM
UT WOS:000461408200019
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Birol, Y
AF Birol, Yuecel
TI Production of Al-Ti-B grain refining master alloys from
B2O3 and K2TiF6
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE metals; casting; Al-Ti-B master alloy; grain refinement
ID ALUMINUM; SOLIDIFICATION; NUCLEATION; REFINEMENT
AB lt is very desirable to replace the KBF4 salt in the popular "halide salt"
process to reduce the volume of fluoride-bearing particulate material to be added
to molten aluminium. Several practices all relying on B2O3 to supply B, were
employed in the present work to produce Al-5Ti-lB grain refiners. Replacing the
KBF4 salt in the halide salt process entirely with 13,03, has not only impaired the
grain refining performance, but, with the dross generated, has also hurt the
fluidity of the melt making pouring difficult. A significant improvement was noted
both in the microstructural features and in the grain refining efficiency when B2O3
was pre-mixed with a drossing flux to promote the seperation of oxides from the
molten alloy. However, this practice has almost completely negated the particulate
material savings offered by B2O3. The Ti recovery and the grain refining efficiency
achieved when B2O3 and KBF4 were used together to supply B, was nearly as good as
when the latter was used alone. It is thus concluded that KBF4 can be replaced with
B,03, only partially, to take advantage of lower fluoride emissions and particulate
material savings without a penalty in grain refining efficiency. (c) 2006 Elsevier
C1 TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
C3 Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)
RP Birol, Y (corresponding author), TUBITAK, Marmara Res Ctr, Mat Inst, Gebze,
Kocaeli, Turkey.
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OI birol, yucel/0000-0002-5829-1045
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U1 0
U2 18
PI LAUSANNE
SN 0925-8388
EI 1873-4669
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP 27
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VL 443
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DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.10.009
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 200AR
UT WOS:000248736800018
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Bruckard, WJ
Woodcock, JT
AF Bruckard, W. J.
Woodcock, J. T.
TI Recovery of valuable materials from aluminium salt cakes
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERAL PROCESSING
LA English
DT Review
DE Salt cake; Aluminium; Waste processing
ID MANAGEMENT; DROSS
AB Salt cakes, which are nominally waste products derived from aluminium dross
melting furnaces, are complex mixtures of some 20 different compounds made up of
many different elements. Normally they are regarded as waste products and they are
disposed of in toxic waste dumps. However, it is shown here that some components
are readily recoverable as high-grade products for recycling or sale and that the
residues thus generated can be non-toxic. Recoverable components include metallic
aluminium, salt (halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl)), alumina-containing compounds,
and possibly hydrogen gas.
Metallic aluminium is soft and malleable and is not reduced in size by crushing
and grinding, whereas the other components in salt cake are soft and brittle or are
readily dissolved in water. Hence the coarse metallic aluminium can be readily
recovered by crushing and screening and the finer metallic aluminium can be
recovered by fine grinding and screening, froth flotation, or possibly
electrostatic separation. Aqueous acid or alkaline leaching has also been proposed
to recover aluminium metal from salt cake.
The halite and sylvite are easily extracted by leaching ground salt cake with
cold water and filtering off the saline solution. This solution can be sent to
solar evaporation ponds where the water is evaporated and the dry salt harvested
for recycling to dross treatment furnaces or other markets.
Some of the water-insoluble or oxide aluminium compounds present are soluble in
Bayer-type leach solutions and could possibly be sent to a Bayer-type leach plant
for production of high-grade alumina for aluminium production. Alternatively,
because the oxide aluminium compounds are inert they could be sent to a non-toxic
dump. The possibility of integrated flowsheets to recover more than one product in
a single plant is also discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier
C1 [Bruckard, W. J.; Woodcock, J. T.] CSIRO Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
C3 Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
RP Bruckard, WJ (corresponding author), CSIRO Minerals, Box 312, Clayton, Vic 3169,
Australia.
EM warren.bruckard@csiro.au
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U2 37
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0301-7516
EI 1879-3525
J9 INT J MINER PROCESS
JI Int. J. Miner. Process.
PD SEP 1
PY 2009
VL 93
IS 1
BP 1
EP 5
DI 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.05.002
PG 5
GA 497RA
UT WOS:000270077100001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Saravanakumar, R
Ramachandran, K
Laly, LG
Ananthapadmanabhan, PV
Yugeswaran, S
AF Saravanakumar, R.
Ramachandran, K.
Laly, Lintu G.
Ananthapadmanabhan, P. V.
Yugeswaran, S.
TI Plasma assisted synthesis of γ-alumina from waste aluminium dross
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminium dross; Ultrafine alumina powder; Transferred arc plasma;
Plasma waste treatment; gamma-alumina
ID THERMAL PLASMA; RECOVERING ALUMINUM; ACID DISSOLUTION; HAZARDOUS-WASTE;
ROTARY FURNACE; HOLLOW-CATHODE; ARC; HYDROLYSIS; EXTRACTION; MANAGEMENT
AB Aluminium dross, a waste generated from aluminium melting process, contains
aluminium metal, aluminium oxide, aluminium oxy-nitride and impurities such as
sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Since aluminium dross is land filled
without treatment, it is hazardous to the environment. Conventional methods for the
metal recovery from the recycling of aluminium dross involve chemicals and are time
consuming. In this study, an attempt was made to treat aluminium dross using plasma
arc melting process. The aluminium dross was melted and evaporated by the plasma
arc established between a crucible anode and a rod type hollow cathode made of
graphite. Raw dross and products of plasma treated dross such as slag and fine
powder were characterized. The generation of ultrafine alumina powder and slag are
explained using simulation of the plasma arc inside the crucible and free energy
minimization calculations. High temperature and air entrainment into the plasma
inside the crucible converted the dross into alumina slag and fine powder. The
amount of fine alumina powder produced increased substantially with plasma power
initially as seen from the results of alumina obtained at 5 kW and 10 kW. However,
further increase in plasma power resulted only in marginal increase in the
conversion of Al dross to alumina. Results of this study indicate that arc plasma
technology can be effectively applied to convert Al dross into value added fine
alumina powder. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saravanakumar, R.; Ramachandran, K.; Laly, Lintu G.] Bharathiar Univ, Dept
Phys, Coimbatore, TN, India.
[Ananthapadmanabhan, P. V.] PSN Coll Engn & Technol, Tirunelveli, TN, India.
[Yugeswaran, S.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Adv Coating Technol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8,
Canada.
C3 Bharathiar University; University of Toronto
RP Ramachandran, K (corresponding author), Bharathiar Univ, Dept Phys, Coimbatore,
TN, India.
EM ramspsg@yahoo.com
RI Ramachandran, Kandasamy/AAE-3982-2020
OI Ramachandran, Kandasamy/0000-0001-7844-7353; /0000-0002-5165-8094
FU UGC; DST, Government of India
FX Financial supports from UGC and DST, Government of India are greatly
acknowledged.
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PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 77
BP 565
EP 575
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.005
PG 11
GA GO8YR
UT WOS:000440389600058
PM 29778404
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Gu, FQ
Peng, ZW
Zhang, YB
Tang, HM
Ye, L
Tian, WG
Liang, GS
Rao, MJ
Li, GH
Jiang, T
AF Gu, Foquan
Peng, Zhiwei
Zhang, Yuanbo
Tang, Huimin
Ye, Lei
Tian, Weiguang
Liang, Guoshen
Rao, Mingjun
Li, Guanghui
Jiang, Tao
TI Facile Route for Preparing Refractory Materials from Ferronickel Slag
with Addition of Magnesia
LA English
DT Article
DE Ferronickel slag; Refractory material; Sintering; Magnesia; Resources
utilization
ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; FINE AGGREGATE; SELECTIVE RECOVERY; CONVERTER
SLAG; NICKEL; CEMENT; REPLACEMENT; CONCRETE; METALS; WASTES
AB The feasibility of a facile technological route to preparation of refractory
materials from a ferronickel slag with the addition of sintered magnesia was
verified in this study based on the thermodynamics analysis and the experimental
exploration of the effect of the sintered magnesia addition on the phase
transformation of ferronickel slag during the sintering process. For the first
time, the results of thermodynamics calculation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and
scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
analyses revealed that the original phase of the slag can be transformed to high
melting point phases by addition of MgO during the sintering process at high
temperatures (e.g., 1350 degrees C). Specifically, the olivine in ferronickel slag
decomposed initially, generating a low-iron olivine phase and an enstatite phase.
With increasing addition of sintered magnesia, the enstatite phase changed to
forsterite, and the iron, aluminum, and chromium components in the ferronickel slag
converted to high melting point spinel phases, including magnesium aluminate spinel
and magnesium chromate spinel via a low-magnesium transient phase. The experimental
results showed that a good refractory material with refractoriness of 1660 degrees
C, bulk density of 2.92 g/cm(3), apparent porosity of 1.82%, and compressive
strength of 100.61 MPa could be obtained when the slag was sintered with addition
of 20 wt % sintered magnesia at 1350 degrees C for 3 h. Due to the low production
cost and property superiority of the prepared refractory material over commercial
counterparts, the method proposed in this study is expected to have widespread
applications in recycling of ferronickel slag.
C1 [Gu, Foquan; Peng, Zhiwei; Zhang, Yuanbo; Tang, Huimin; Ye, Lei; Rao, Mingjun;
Li, Guanghui; Jiang, Tao] Cent S Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Changsha
[Tian, Weiguang; Liang, Guoshen] Guangdong Guangqing Met Technol Co Ltd,
Yangjiang 529500, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
RP Peng, ZW (corresponding author), Cent S Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn,
Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM zwpeng@csu.edu.cn
RI jiang, tao/GWC-7108-2022; Rao, Mingjun/GSD-5794-2022; Jiang,
Tao/IWM-7503-2023; li, guanghui/JNS-0836-2023
OI Rao, Mingjun/0000-0001-6032-9340; Gu, Foquan/0000-0002-0257-8530
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China [2017JJ3383]; Key
Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua
University) Open Fund [SWMES2017-04]; Hunan Provincial Co-Innovation
Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral
Resources [2014-405]; Guangdong Guangqing Metal Technology Co. Ltd.
[738010210]; Innovation-Driven Program of Central South University
[2016CXS021]; Shenghua Lieying Program of Central South University
[502035001]
FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China under Grants 51774337 and 51504297, the Natural
Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China, under Grant 2017JJ3383, the
Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety
(Tsinghua University) Open Fund under Grant SWMES2017-04, the Hunan
Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of
Strategic Metal Mineral Resources under Grant 2014-405, the Guangdong
Guangqing Metal Technology Co. Ltd. under Grant 738010210, the
Innovation-Driven Program of Central South University under Grant
2016CXS021, and the Shenghua Lieying Program of Central South University
under Grant 502035001.
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NR 47
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 4
U2 90
PI WASHINGTON
SN 2168-0485
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 4
BP 4880
EP 4889
DI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04336
PG 19
GA GB7WM
UT WOS:000429285800050
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Nakasuga, T
Nakashima, K
Mori, K
AF Nakasuga, T
Nakashima, K
Mori, K
TI Recovery rate of chromium from stainless slag by iron melts
SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ironmaking; steelmaking; recycle; stainless slag; Cr2O3; reduction;
slag-metal reaction; kinetics; modeling
ID SMELTING REDUCTION; CARBON; OXIDE; DEPHOSPHORIZATION; CR2O3; STEEL;
STATE; METAL; ORE
AB The kinetic behavior of Cr2O3 reduction by iron melts containing carbon,
aluminum and silicon were investigated at various conditions in order to understand
effective slag treatment for recovery of chromium from stainless slag. It was found
that the recovery rate of chromium was fairly slow, but it was considerably
accelerated by the addition of some fluxes, such as Al2O2 and SiO2 to the slag,
which promoted the formation of liquid slag at the early stage of the reaction, and
the recovery ratio of chromium was also improved. In addition, SiO2 addition was
more effective for increasing the chromium recovery than Al2O3 addition due to the
effect of CaO/SiO2 ratio of slag on the reduction rate of Cr2O3 in slag. The
experimental results were well simulated by the previous kinetic reaction model
based on two-film theory. The modeling study showed that the transfer rate of
chromium from slag to metal was controlled by the mass transport in the slag phase.
C1 Kobe Steel Ltd, Kakogawa Works, Ctr Res & Dev, Kakogawa 6750023, Japan.
Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581,
Japan.
Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
C3 Kobe Steel; Kyushu University; Kyushu University
RP Nakasuga, T (corresponding author), Kobe Steel Ltd, Kakogawa Works, Ctr Res &
Dev, Kakogawa 6750023, Japan.
EM nakasima@zaiko.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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NR 17
TC 31
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 20
PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN
PI TOKYO
PA TEKKO KAIKAN-5F, 3-2-10, NIHONBASHI-KAYABACHO, TOKYO, CHUO-KU 103-0025,
JAPAN
SN 0915-1559
EI 1347-5460
J9 ISIJ INT
JI ISIJ Int.
PY 2004
VL 44
IS 4
BP 665
EP 672
DI 10.2355/isijinternational.44.665
PG 8
GA 814RG
UT WOS:000220991200005
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Valeev, D
Zinoveev, D
Kondratiev, A
Lubyanoi, D
Pankratov, D
AF Valeev, Dmitry
Zinoveev, Dmitry
Kondratiev, Alex
Lubyanoi, Dmitry
Pankratov, Denis
TI Reductive Smelting of Neutralized Red Mud for Iron Recovery and Produced
Pig Iron for Heat-Resistant Castings
SO METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE red mud; Mossbauer spectroscopy; reductive smelting; thermodynamic
modeling; slag; pig iron
ID BAUXITE RESIDUE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; MINING WASTE;
MOSSBAUER; NANOPARTICLES; ALUMINA; ALKALI; ACID; COMPOSITE
AB The chemical and mineral composition of the red mud from the Ural Aluminum Plant
were studied by XRF, XRD, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Experiments on reductive
smelting of red mud were carried out in a range of temperatures (1650-1750 degrees
C) to recover iron from the aluminum production waste with maximum efficiency. It
was found that it is possible to obtain pig iron with a high content of titanium,
phosphorus, and vanadium, and low sulfur content. The efficiency of iron recovery
at 1750 degrees C was found to be around 98%. Thermodynamic calculations were
carried out to assist in finding the optimal conditions for the process (e.g.,
carbon content, furnace temperature, slag liquidus temperature). It was also found
that the pig iron phase obtained at 1650 to 1700 degrees C is not separated from
the slag phase into ingot compared with the sample obtained at 1750 degrees C. Pig
iron obtained at 1750 degrees C can be used to produce molds for the steel-casting
equipment.
C1 [Valeev, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, IP Bardin Lab
Problems Met Complex Ores, 49 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia.
[Valeev, Dmitry; Kondratiev, Alex] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISIS, Sci Res Ctr
Thermochem Mat, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia.
[Zinoveev, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Lab Phys Chem
& Iron Ore Proc Technol, 49 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119334, Russia.
[Lubyanoi, Dmitry] Kuzbass State Tech Univ, 19a Nogradskaya St, Prokopyevsk
653033, Russia.
[Pankratov, Denis] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Chem, 1 Leninsky Gory,
Moscow 119991, Russia.
C3 Russian Academy of Sciences; Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials
Science (IMET RAS); National University of Science & Technology (MISIS);
Russian Academy of Sciences; Baikov Institute of Metallurgy & Materials
Science (IMET RAS); Kuzbass State Technical University; Lomonosov Moscow
State University
RP Valeev, D (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat
Sci, IP Bardin Lab Problems Met Complex Ores, 49 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119334,
Russia.; Valeev, D (corresponding author), Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISIS, Sci Res
Ctr Thermochem Mat, 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia.
EM dvaleev@imet.ac.ru; dzinoveev@imet.ac.ru; al.v.kondratiev@gmail.com;
lubjanoy@yandex.ru; pankratov@radio.chem.msu.ru
RI Zinoveev, Dmitry/I-2795-2017; Kondratiev, Alex/G-9598-2015; Valeev,
Dmitry/A-9683-2016; Pankratov, Denis/J-3613-2012; Kondratiev,
Alex/ABH-5376-2020
OI Zinoveev, Dmitry/0000-0003-4520-4659; Kondratiev,
Alex/0000-0001-6658-0421; Valeev, Dmitry/0000-0002-8820-7502; Pankratov,
Denis/0000-0001-6557-2753; Kondratiev, Alex/0000-0001-6658-0421
FU Program of Basic research of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Science
[39, AAA-A18-118031690039-9]; Ministry of Education and Science of the
Russian Federation [11.7971.2017/6.7]
FX The present study was funded by Program of Basic research of the
Presidium of Russian Academy of Science No 39 "Fundamentals and
energy-efficient, resource-saving, innovative technologies of mineral
processing, utilization of industrial and household waste" (Grant No.
AAA-A18-118031690039-9). Alex Kondratiev is financially supported by the
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the
framework of the basic part of the state program 'Organisation of the
Research Work' for higher educational institutions in 2017-2019 no.
11.7971.2017/6.7.
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NR 62
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 24
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2075-4701
J9 METALS-BASEL
JI Metals
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 10
IS 1
AR 32
DI 10.3390/met10010032
PG 20
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA KQ3LK
UT WOS:000516827800032
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kaussen, FM
Friedrich, B
AF Kaussen, F. M.
Friedrich, B.
TI Phase characterization and thermochemical simulation of (landfilled)
bauxite residue ("red mud") in different alkaline processes optimized
for aluminum recovery
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum recovery; Aluminum extraction; Bauxite residue; Red mud;
Bayer-process; Pedersen-process
ID CANCRINITE; TRANSFORMATION; DESILICATION; SODALITE; SILICA
AB In coherent studies three different processes of hydrometallurgical, alkaline
extraction of aluminum from bauxite residue (BR) are examined and benchmarked
regarding their efficiency on aluminum recovery. The employed processes include a
direct second caustic pressure leaching, a caustic pressure leaching of the slag
produced by reductive smelting of BR with simultaneous pig iron recovery (adapted
"Pedersen-process") and leaching of BR after a sintering stage with sodium
carbonate and further additives including lime and coke. In order to ensure a
direct comparability, all experiments are conducted using the same homogenized BR
from an old industrial landfill. After detailed characterization of the used BR
using XRF chemical analysis, XRD phase analysis, SEM optical analysis and Qemscan
(R) phase analysis/distribution, occurring phase formations during the employed
processes are also calculated and predicted by FactSage (R) simulation software.
The actual phase formation and leachability of the formed aluminum phases are
verified during experiments and a special focus is set on the dissolution of
silicon as major impurity in all processes. It can be shown that aluminum
extraction efficiencies of 90% are still possible but interlinked with massive
silicon dissolution due to the almost complete dissolution of aluminum silicates.
C1 [Kaussen, F. M.; Friedrich, B.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME Dept Proc Met & Met
Recycling, Intzestr 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
C3 RWTH Aachen University
RP Kaussen, FM (corresponding author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME Dept Proc Met &
Met Recycling, Intzestr 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
EM fkaussen@ime-aachen.de; bfriedrich@ime-aachen.de
RI Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7005-2021; Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7029-2021
OI Friedrich, Bernd/0000-0002-2934-2034
FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [033R085A]
FX The project upon which this publication is based is funded by the German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under project number
033R085A from 2012 to 2016. This publication reflects the views of the
authors only. Special thanks to all project partners, the analytical
laboratory of the School of Geosciences Energy & Mineral Resources,
Department of Mineralogy & Economic Geology for Qemscan analysis, the
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry for XRD analyses, both RWTH Aachen
School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University and National
Technical University of Athens in person of Prof. D. Panias and E.
Balomenos for scientific input and fruitful discussions.
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NR 42
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 26
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD MAR
PY 2018
VL 176
BP 49
EP 61
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.01.006
PG 13
GA GA3KK
UT WOS:000428227300007
OA Green Published, hybrid
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Abdel-latif, MA
AF Abdel-latif, MA
TI Recovery of vanadium and nickel from petroleum flyash
LA English
CT Conference on Pyrometallurgy (Pyromet 02)
CY MAR, 2002
CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
DE environmental; recycling; reduction; extractive metallurgy; mass
balancing
AB Flyash is a powdery residue generated by the power stations that use heavy oil
as the source of fuel. The ash poses a threat to the environment due to the
presence of certain heavy elements such as chromium. At the same time, it contains
valuable metals, including vanadium and nickel, that are extractable if an
economical and environmentally acceptable process can be developed. To this end,
Mintek, in co-operation with Oxbow Carbon and Minerals, undertook a major research
program over a two-year period in an attempt to find the most suitable technology
to deal with this ash. After considering various alternatives, a process flowsheet
was developed and used as a basis to identify the testwork required for the major
processing units. The flowsheet consisted of a drying stage at moderate
temperatures of about 150degreesC, a de-carburization and de-sulphurization (pre-
treatment) stage, and finally a smelting step in a DC arc furnace.
Testwork carried out at the 40 kW scale, using pre-treated flyash, indicated the
feasibility of producing a ferrovanadium alloy containing more than 15% vanadium
and 6% nickel, with vanadium recovery of more than 89%, and a disposable slag based
on USA EPA safe disposal criteria. Several parameters were studied in order to
optimise the smelting stage including operating temperature, aluminium addition,
the use of ferrosilicon as the reducing agent and lime (flux) addition. The results
of the investigation are presented in this paper. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
C1 MINTEK, ZA-2125 Randburg, South Africa.
RP Abdel-latif, MA (corresponding author), MINTEK, 200 Hans Striidom Dr, ZA-2125
Randburg, South Africa.
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PD NOV
PY 2002
VL 15
IS 11
SU S
BP 953
EP 961
AR PII S0892-6875(02)00134-6
DI 10.1016/S0892-6875(02)00134-6
PG 9
GA 629TY
UT WOS:000180066000007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Chung, YS
Cramb, AW
AF Chung, YS
Cramb, AW
TI Direct observation of spontaneous emulsification and associated
interfacial phenomena at the slag-steel interface
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
CT Meeting on Marangoni and Interfacial Phenomena in Materials Processing
CY JUN 04-05, 1997
CL LONDON, ENGLAND
DE X-ray photography; spontaneous emulsification; interfacial tension;
steel-slag interface; casting
ID IRON
AB Interfacial tension decreases drastically when an intense chemical reaction
occurs at a steel-slag interface. This phenomenon results in spontaneous droplet
spreading during the initial period of reaction and droplet recovery as the rate of
reaction decreases. In the present work, spreading tendency was found to be
associated with spontaneous emulsification of both steel in slag and slag in steel.
Spontaneous emulsification was observed at 1550 degrees C when a liquid Fe3.28%Al
alloy droplet was placed in contact with liquid CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 (40:40:20 by weight)
slag.
Surface turbulence induced metal emulsification and droplet spreading was
observed by X-ray photography. Spontaneous droplet spreading was noted at alloy
aluminium contents as low as 0.25%. Spontaneous emulsification was steel into slag
was documented at aluminium contents greater than 3%. From the observation of
quenched Fe-3.28%Al alloy droplets by optical and scanning electron microscopy,
slag entrapment and metal emulsification were documented and the metal-slag
interface was shown to be extremely perturbed during the reaction of aluminium with
silica.
C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
C3 Carnegie Mellon University
RP Chung, YS (corresponding author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
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TC 27
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U2 13
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD APR 15
PY 1998
VL 356
IS 1739
BP 981
EP 993
DI 10.1098/rsta.1998.0202
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA ZM298
UT WOS:000073524500023
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zuo, ZP
Lv, H
Li, RB
Liu, FQ
Zhao, HL
AF Zuo, Zhengping
Lv, Han
Li, Rongbin
Liu, Fengqin
Zhao, Hongliang
TI A new approach to recover the valuable elements in black aluminum dross
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum dross; Hydrolysis; Molten salt electrolysis; Aluminum alloy
ID SALT CAKE; WASTE; HYDROLYSIS; ACID
AB Black aluminum dross (BAD) is a solid hazardous waste produced during the
remelting of aluminum alloy scrap and contains a large amount of aluminum and other
valuable elements. However, the extraction of its high-value components is
challenging because of its complex phase and chemical composition. In this paper, a
new process for recovering aluminum and other valuable elements from BAD is
reported, which consists of three steps, i.e., catalytic hydrolysis of aluminum
nitride, calcination of the obtained aluminum hydroxide, and molten salt
electrolysis to prepare aluminum alloy. Under the established optimal conditions
for the hydrolysis of aluminum nitride, 4 wt% NaOH, a temperature of 90 degrees C,
a liquid-solid ratio of 6 mL g(-1), and a reaction time of 3 hours, the recovery
rates of nitrogen and chloride salts are 88.8% and 97.57%, respectively. Bayerite
and pseudo-boehmite generated by the hydrolysis of aluminum nitride present in BAD
were converted into gamma-Al2O3 when calcining the material at 800 degrees C for 2
hours resulting in a multi-metal oxide with high alumina content. Aluminum alloy
was prepared by electrolysis of the material in the Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3 electrolyte
system. This innovative technology can recover 97% of aluminum and other valuable
metals (including silicon) in BAD and is a new route to achieve clean and high-
value recycling of BAD.
C1 [Zuo, Zhengping; Lv, Han; Li, Rongbin; Liu, Fengqin; Zhao, Hongliang] Univ Sci &
Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zuo, Zhengping; Lv, Han; Li, Rongbin; Liu, Fengqin; Zhao, Hongliang] Univ Sci &
Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; University of Science &
Technology Beijing
RP Liu, FQ; Zhao, HL (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Liu, FQ; Zhao, HL (corresponding
author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R
China.
EM liufq@ustb.edu.cn; zhaohl@ustb.edu.cn
FU National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFC1908403]
FX This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development
Program of China (2019YFC1908403). The authors are grateful to the
reviewers who help to improve the paper by many pertinent comments and
suggestions.
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Z9 27
U1 11
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 174
AR 105768
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105768
EA JUL 2021
PG 9
GA TI3HA
UT WOS:000672683700027
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, SW
Pan, J
Zhu, DQ
Guo, ZQ
Shi, Y
Dong, T
Lu, SH
Tian, HY
AF Li, Siwei
Pan, Jian
Zhu, Deqing
Guo, Zhengqi
Shi, Yue
Dong, Tao
Lu, Shenghu
Tian, Hongyu
TI A new route for separation and recovery of Fe, Al and Ti from red mud
LA English
DT Article
DE Red mud; Pre-reducing-smelting; Alkaline leaching; Acid leaching;
Stepwise extraction
ID REDUCTION-MAGNETIC SEPARATION; BAUXITE RESIDUE; COPPER SLAG; IRON;
WASTE; NEUTRALIZATION; ALUMINUM; ELEMENTS; WATER
AB Red mud is one kind of by-products rejected from industrial production of
alumina plant and characterized by high content of alkaline and containing many
valuable metals such as iron, aluminum, titanium, etc. It is urgent to effectively
utilize red mud for the sustainable development of aluminum metallurgy industry. In
this paper, a new route was proposed to fully recover Fe, Al2O3 and TiO2 from the
red mud, which includes three procedures, i.e. pre-reducing-smelting, alkaline
leaching and acid leaching. The pre-reducing-smelting step was employed to recover
iron from the mud, producing pig iron at an iron recovery of some 98.15% and slag
containing 43.17% Al2O3 and 15.71%TiO2, respectively. Then, based on the thermal
dynamic calculations, a modification of the slag-alkaline leaching and hydrochloric
acid leaching process were conducted to obtain the stepwise recovery of Al2O3 and
TiO2, respectively, from the smelting slag. Aluminum and titanium were recovered in
the form of sodium aluminum solution and perovskite at a recovery of 85.85% and
95.53%, respectively. The innovative route is probably a potential way to achieve
comprehensive and clean utilization of red mud.
C1 [Li, Siwei; Pan, Jian; Zhu, Deqing; Guo, Zhengqi; Shi, Yue; Dong, Tao; Lu,
Shenghu; Tian, Hongyu] Cent South Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Room 322 Biol
Bldg, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
RP Pan, J; Zhu, DQ (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Minerals Proc &
Bioengn, Room 322 Biol Bldg, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM swli@csu.edu.cn; pjcsu@csu.edu.cn; dqzhu@csu.edu.cn
FU Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic
Metal Mineral Resources of Hunan Province; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [51474161]; Innovation-driven Project of Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region [AA18242003, AA148242003]
FX The authors wish to express thanks to Co-Innovation Center for Clean and
Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources of Hunan
Province and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51474161)
and Innovation-driven Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Nos.
AA18242003, AA148242003). Which supplied us the facilities and funds to
fulfill the experiments.
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NR 35
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 15
U2 94
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 168
AR 105314
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105314
EA MAR 2021
PG 10
GA SM0FP
UT WOS:000657289000051
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Xu, H
Dal Magro, F
Sadiki, N
Mancaux, JM
Py, X
Romagnoli, A
AF Xu, Haoxin
Dal Magro, Fabio
Sadiki, Najim
Mancaux, Jean-Marie
Py, Xavier
Romagnoli, Alessandro
TI Compatibility study between aluminium alloys and alternative recycled
ceramics for thermal energy storage applications
SO APPLIED ENERGY
LA English
CT 9th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE)
CY AUG 21-24, 2017
CL Cardiff, WALES
DE Latent heat thermal energy storage; Aluminium alloys; Recycled ceramics;
Compatibility; Waste heat recovery; Waste-to-energy
ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; WASTE HEAT-RECOVERY; SYSTEM; CONSUMPTION;
SELECTION; AL
AB Recycled ceramics from industrial wastes, compared with traditional high-purity
ceramics, present high market potential as refractory materials due to their low
cost production process with very low environmental impacts. However, there still
exists a research gap of how recycled ceramics behave while in contact with liquid
metal. In order to study the feasibility of using recycled ceramics as the
encapsulation material in the application of high temperature Latent Heat Thermal
Energy Storage system, this paper investigates the compatibility of recycled
ceramics with three kinds of aluminium-based alloys at high temperature, with a
comparison to the corrosion resistant behaviour of alumina. The recycled ceramics
explored include Cofalit from asbestos containing waste, blast furnace slags from
steel production, and coal fly ashes sintered ceramics from incineration plants.
The study consists of a steady state thermal treatment of ceramic samples in
contact with the three different alloys at 1000 degrees C for 100 h, and a post
instrumental characterization of ceramic samples by Environmental Scanning Electron
Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry and X-ray diffractometer, to understand
the chemical and structural transformation of the ceramics. Results demonstrate
that Cofalit shows chemical stability with Al99% but instability with A1Si5% and
AlSi12%. Blast furnace slag presents quite good thermochemical stability towards
molten AlSi5% and AlSi12%. Coal fly ashes sintered ceramics are highly interactive
towards all three aluminium alloys. In conclusion, besides alumina, Cofalit is
recommended as alternative encapsulation material for molten A199%, while blast
furnace slag being recommended for molten AlSi5% and AlSi12%.
C1 [Xu, Haoxin; Dal Magro, Fabio; Romagnoli, Alessandro] Nanyang Technol Univ, 50
Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
[Sadiki, Najim; Mancaux, Jean-Marie; Py, Xavier] Univ Perpignan, Lab UPR 8521,
PROMES CNRS, Via Domitia, F-66100 Perpignan, France.
C3 Nanyang Technological University & National Institute of Education (NIE)
Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Universite Perpignan Via
Domitia; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS -
Institute for Engineering & Systems Sciences (INSIS)
RP Romagnoli, A (corresponding author), Nanyang Technol Univ, 50 Nanyang Ave,
Singapore 639798, Singapore.
EM a.romagnoli@ntu.edu.sg
RI Dal Magro, Fabio/ABD-8223-2020; Romagnoli, Alessandro/N-1975-2014
OI Dal Magro, Fabio/0000-0002-8866-5618; Romagnoli,
Alessandro/0000-0003-1271-5479
FU National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore;
National Environment Agency, Ministry of the Environment and Water
Resources, Singapore [WTE CRP 1501 104]
FX This work was made possible with the research findings from the project
"Application of Phase Change Materials for Improved Energy Efficiency in
Waste to Energy Plants", which is supported by the National Research
Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore, and the National
Environment Agency, Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources,
Singapore, under the Waste-to-Energy Competitive Research Programme (WTE
CRP 1501 104).
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
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SN 0306-2619
EI 1872-9118
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JI Appl. Energy
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VL 220
BP 94
EP 105
DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.021
PG 12
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA GG7NH
UT WOS:000432884500009
OA Green Accepted
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, C
Gao, JT
Wang, Z
Ren, HR
Guo, ZC
AF Li, Chong
Gao, Jintao
Wang, Zhe
Ren, Hongru
Guo, Zhancheng
TI Separation of Fe-bearing and P-bearing Phase from the Steelmaking Slag
by Super Gravity
LA English
DT Article
DE steelmaking slag; super gravity; P-bearing phase; centrifugal separation
ID PEROVSKITE PHASE; CAO-TIO2-SIO2-AL2O3-MGO MELT; PHOSPHORUS; ENRICHMENT;
RECOVERY; P2O5
AB The Fe-bearing phase and P-bearing phase were successfully separated from a
steelmaking slag by the super gravity and the separated efficiency was improved
with increasing the separated time. The P-bearing phase precipitating at 1 663 K
was intercepted by the filter, while most residual melt went through the filter
into the lower crucible to form calcium iron and aluminum and solid solution of
iron, magnesium and manganese (RO phase) after centrifugal separation. Under the
condition of gravity coefficient G=600 g, T=1 663 K and t= 15 minutes, the mass
fraction of P2O5 in the P-bearing slag increased from 2.49 wt% before separation to
3.56 wt% and that of FetO in the Fe-bearing slag from 23.99 wt% to 38.67 wt%. The
recovery ratio of P2O5 and FetO accounted for 82.2% and 68.5%, respectively.
C1 [Li, Chong; Gao, Jintao; Wang, Zhe; Ren, Hongru; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci &
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing
RP Gao, JT (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv
Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM jintaogao@ustb.edu.cn
RI Guo, Z. C./AAS-1733-2021
FU National Natural Science Foundations of China [51234001, 51404025];
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
[FRF-TP-15-009A2]
FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of
China (No. 51234001 and No. 51404025) and the Fundamental Research Funds
for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-15-009A2), which is acknowledged
with gratitude.
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DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Bruno, MJ
AF Bruno, MJ
BE Crepeau, PN
TI Aluminum carbothermic technology comparison to Hall-Heroult process
SO LIGHT METALS 2003
SE LIGHT METALS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting
CY MAR 02-06, 2003
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
AB Production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction has been investigated by every
major aluminum company over the past forty seven years. As an alternative to the
Hall-Heroult Process, carbothermic offers potential energy, cost and environmental
advantages if solutions to critical technical hurdles identified by previous
research could be developed. These include efficient delivery of energy to attain
2000-2200degreesC, while minimizing loss of volatile aluminum-containing species;
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values in the by-product CO to reduce net energy consumption.
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If successful, the Advanced Reactor Process will provide significant benefits
including reductions in electrical energy up to 38%, in capital costs up to 60% or
more, and in CO2 emissions from the combined power generation-smelter complex up to
37% for a fossil fuel power plant.
C1 Alcoa Inc, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA.
C3 Alcoa
RP Bruno, MJ (corresponding author), Alcoa Inc, Alcoa Tech Ctr, 100 Tech Dr, Alcoa
Ctr, PA 15069 USA.
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PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-531-X
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2003
BP 395
EP 400
PG 6
Engineering
WE Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S)
GA BW64R
UT WOS:000182684700058
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Rabah, MA
AF Rabah, MA
TI Recovery of aluminium, nickel-copper alloys and salts from spent
fluorescent lamps
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
CT Conference on Sustainable Wastes Management
CY OCT, 2003
CL SARDINIA, ITALY
DE waste management; recycling; nickel-copper alloy; florescent lamps;
industrial waste
ID EXTRACTION
AB This study explores a combined pyro-hydrometallurgical method to recover pure
aluminium, nickel-copper alloy(s), and some valuable salts from spent fluorescent
lamps (SFLs). It also examines the safe recycling of clean glass tubes for the
fluorescent lamp industry. Spent lamps were decapped under water containing 35%
acetone to achieve safe capture of mercury vapour. Cleaned glass tubes, if broken,
were cut using a rotating diamond disc to a standard shorter length. Aluminium and
copper-nickel alloys in the separated metallic parts were recovered using suitable
flux to decrease metal losses going to slag. Operation variables affecting the
quality of the products, and the extent of recovery with the suggested method were
investigated. Results revealed that total loss in the glass tube recycling
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1712 was recovered by melting at 800 degreesC under sodium chloride/carbon flux for
20 min. Standard nickel-copper alloys with less than 0.1% tin were prepared by
melting at 1250 degreesC using a sodium borate/carbon flux. De-tinning of the
molten nickel-copper alloy was carried out using oxygen gas. Tin in the slag as
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research is recommended on the thermodynamics of nickel-copper recovery, yttrium
and europium recovery, and process economics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
C1 CMRDI, Ind Wastes Lab, Cairo 11421, Egypt.
C3 Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Central Metallurgical Research &
Development Institute (CMRDI)
RP Rabah, MA (corresponding author), CMRDI, Ind Wastes Lab, POB 87 Helwan, Cairo
11421, Egypt.
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JI Waste Manage.
PY 2004
VL 24
IS 2
BP 119
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2003.07.001
PG 8
GA 773GK
UT WOS:000188889400002
PM 14761750
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU HOWARD, RL
RICHARDS, SR
WELCH, BJ
MOORE, JJ
AF HOWARD, RL
RICHARDS, SR
WELCH, BJ
MOORE, JJ
TI VANADIUM DISTRIBUTION IN MELTS INTERMEDIATE TO FERROALLOY PRODUCTION
FROM VANADIFEROUS SLAG
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Processing of vanadiferous slags through the pyrometallurgical process route
appears to offer advantages both in terms of ferroalloy production and in the
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PG 6
Engineering
GA MU427
UT WOS:A1994MU42700003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Das, P
Upadhyay, S
Dubey, S
Singh, KK
AF Das, Pallabi
Upadhyay, Sidhidatri
Dubey, Sudarshan
Singh, Krishnakant K.
TI Waste to wealth: Recovery of value-added products from steel slag
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Resource recovery; Steel slag; Value-added product; Waste valorization;
Waste to wealth
ID BLAST-FURNACE SLAG; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; UPGRADE PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL;
CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; CONVERTER SLAG; MAGNETIC SEPARATION; SELECTIVE
RECOVERY; STEELMAKING SLAG; METAL RECOVERY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
AB Steel slag, a by-product generated during steel production poses a solid waste
disposal challenge. The same slag contains valuables such as titanium, nickel,
vanadium, iron, aluminum, silica among others. The extracted components can cause
productive value addition in diverse realms like wastewater treatment to
semiconductor devices. A paradigm shift is required towards waste valorization for
developing profitable extraction methods for these constituent elements. In this
review, an attempt was made to assimilate such technologies into one concrete and
concise compendium. The pros and cons of each method were weighed comparatively
with respect to applicability and innovation. An effort was attempted for assessing
key design aspects and scale-up potential vis 'a-vis the economic analysis for the
valorization techniques. It was seen that the leaching technique was the most
widely used in the resource recovery domain followed by other techniques like
fusion, hydrothermal treatment. Techniques that dominate the exploration of some of
the metals from their lean ores or respective mineral slags might also be explored
for their recovery from steel slag. Some technologies like slag filter development
for phosphate removal has already been tested in real-life conditions while others
are in the nascent stages of development. Special focus can be directed towards the
simultaneous extraction of multiple components or direct in-situ product formation
and its subsequent separation. This paper reviews various technologies for steel
slag valorization to guide researchers working in the field of slag resource
recovery and sustainable waste utilization.
C1 [Das, Pallabi; Upadhyay, Sidhidatri; Singh, Krishnakant K.] CSIR Cent Inst Min &
Fuel Res, Barwa Rd, Dhanbad 826015, Jharkhand, India.
[Dubey, Sudarshan] Birla Inst Technol & Sci, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad,
India.
Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CIMFR); Birla Institute of
Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani)
RP Das, P (corresponding author), CSIR Cent Inst Min & Fuel Res, Barwa Rd, Dhanbad
826015, Jharkhand, India.
EM pallabidas@cimfr.nic.in
OI Das, Pallabi/0000-0003-4831-8360
FU Ministry of Steel, GOI; Ministry of Steel, Government of India
FX Ms. Pallabi Das is recipient of Grant-in-Aid research funding from
Ministry of Steel, GOI The authors are grateful to Ministry of Steel,
Government of India for Grant-in-Aid funding. The Authous are also
grateful to Director, CSIR-CIMFR for his continued support and
encouragement
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NR 223
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 11
U2 63
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2213-2929
EI 2213-3437
J9 J ENVIRON CHEM ENG
JI J. Environ. Chem. Eng.
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 9
IS 4
AR 105640
DI 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105640
EA MAY 2021
PG 21
SC Engineering
GA TF0HT
UT WOS:000670389100003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Tsakiridis, PE
Oustadakis, P
Agatzini-Leonardou, S
AF Tsakiridis, P. E.
Oustadakis, P.
Agatzini-Leonardou, S.
TI Black Dross Leached Residue: An Alternative Raw Material for Portland
Cement Clinker
SO WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Black dross leached residue; Raw meal; Clinker; Cement; Hydration
ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GRINDABILITY; BAUXITE; WASTES; SLAG
AB The possibility of adding an aluminium black dross leached residue (BDLR),
mainly consisted of spinel (Al2MgO4) and corundum (Al2O3), in the raw meal for the
production of Portland cement clinker was investigated. This leached residue was
obtained during the hydrothermal treatment of an aluminium black dross, formed
during aluminium scrap melting. The process consisted of crushing and grinding of
the as received dross, sieving it to recover the Al metal value, water leaching at
high temperature to dissolve the salts and, finally, aluminium recovery by alkaline
pressure leaching. Three samples of raw meals were prepared, one with ordinary raw
materials, as a reference sample ((PC) Ref), and two others with different content
(2 and 4 wt%) of BDLR ((PC) BD-2% and (PC) BD-42%). All raw meals were sintered at
1,450 degrees C and the produced clinkers were characterised by chemical analysis,
X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA)
as well as scanning electron microscopy. The produced cements were tested by
determining their grindability, setting time, compressive strength and
expansibility. The hydration products were examined by XRD analysis at 2, 7 and 28
days. The results of the physico-mechanical tests showed that BDLR could be
utilized as a raw material in the cement clinker production, presenting a promising
alternative to disposal in landfills.
C1 [Tsakiridis, P. E.; Oustadakis, P.; Agatzini-Leonardou, S.] Natl Tech Univ
Athens, Met Lab, Dept Min & Met Engn, Athens 15780, Greece.
RP Tsakiridis, PE (corresponding author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Met Lab, Dept Min
& Met Engn, 9 Iroon Polytech St, Athens 15780, Greece.
EM ptsakiri@central.ntua.gr
RI Tsakiridis, Petros/AAH-6232-2019; Oustadakis, Paschalis/JAZ-9883-2023
OI Tsakiridis, Petros/0000-0002-2180-2454; Oustadakis,
Paschalis/0000-0003-2693-1965
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1
NR 20
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 54
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-2641
EI 1877-265X
J9 WASTE BIOMASS VALORI
JI Waste Biomass Valorization
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 5
IS 6
BP 973
EP 983
DI 10.1007/s12649-014-9313-8
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA AY7DQ
UT WOS:000347722000007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Cooper, DR
Song, JW
Gerard, R
AF Cooper, Daniel R.
Song, Jiawei
Gerard, Roshail
TI Metal recovery during melting of extruded machining chips
LA English
DT Article
DE Recycling; Material efficiency; Aluminum; Zinc; Swarf
ID ALUMINUM; EXTRUSION; ENERGY; SCRAP
AB Many researchers have examined the welding of machining chips in an extrusion
process. Their aim has been to recycle the material into a usable extruded
component without melting. Industry has yet to embrace this processing technique
despite over a decade of research. We instead investigate the potential to use
extrusion as a pre-melting step to increase metal recovery during chip recycling.
We extrude aluminum (AA6060) and zinc (Kirksite A) chips under different extrusion
ratios. The oxide content of the extruded aluminum is predicted using evidence from
the literature and measured using an Auger Nanoprobe. We compare the subsequent
metal recovery rates during vmelting to those obtained during: (1) bulk metal
recycling; (2) melting of chips by submersion in molten metal; (3) melting of chips
with salt fluxes; and (4) melting of previously compacted chip briquettes.
For aluminum chips, it is found that an extrusion ratio of 9 (and higher)
results in a fully dense material which, when melted, results in a metal recovery
equal to that of bulk metal melting and exceeding that possible by melting chip
briquettes. In contrast, extrusion of zinc chips results in a poorly welded, porous
rod. Melting of these rods results in. a paste of zinc metal entrapped within a
zinc oxide honeycomb. Negligible liquid zinc gathers at the base of the crucible
and overall metal recovery is lower than during simple melting of un-compacted zinc
chips.
Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments are used to compare conventional recycling
of aluminum chips to the new extrusion plus melting route. The latter could result
in savings of up to 60 MJ(primary) and 6 kgCO(2eq) per kilogram of chips recycled.
(C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cooper, Daniel R.; Song, Jiawei] Univ Michigan, George G Brown Lab, 2350
Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Gerard, Roshail] Indian Inst Technol, Main Gate Rd, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra,
India.
C3 University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Indian Institute
of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
- Bombay
RP Cooper, DR (corresponding author), Univ Michigan, George G Brown Lab, 2350
Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM drcooper@umich.edu
CR [Anonymous], MICROSTRUCTURAL KINE
[Anonymous], AL FURN MELT CHIPS
[Anonymous], 2016, LOND STOR MADE MIGR
[Anonymous], LATEST DEV RECYCLING
[Anonymous], REDUCING MELT LOSS D
[Anonymous], RED OX LOSS BEN
[Anonymous], HIST FUTURE DROSS PR
[Anonymous], 1994, ALUMINIUM
[Anonymous], PHONE CALL SCOTT FAG
[Anonymous], MELTING ALUMINUM CHI
[Anonymous], INTERFACIAL TENSION
[Anonymous], 2013, OPT INT SINGL MARK S
[Anonymous], CHAL MATUR PROD ENG
[Anonymous], JET BED DRYERS
[Anonymous], WELD METAL FABR
[Anonymous], BR WELD J
[Anonymous], SPEC 9 CHIP BRIQ
[Anonymous], T FARADAY SOC
[Anonymous], MOLD BAS KIRKS ALL
[Anonymous], INT C SOL WAST MAN S
[Anonymous], T FARADAY SOC
[Anonymous], 115C ASTM
[Anonymous], SCIENCE
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NR 47
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD NOV 1
PY 2018
VL 200
BP 282
EP 292
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.246
PG 11
& Ecology
GA GU9ZI
UT WOS:000445715400025
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Ghodrat, M
Rhamdhani, MA
Khaliq, A
Brooks, G
Samali, B
AF Ghodrat, Maryam
Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar
Khaliq, Abdul
Brooks, Geoffrey
Samali, Bijan
TI Thermodynamic analysis of metals recycling out of waste printed circuit
board through secondary copper smelting
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermodynamic analysis; Waste PCBs; Secondary copper smelting; Precious
metals
ID ELECTRONIC WASTE; FLUORESCENT LAMPS; RARE-EARTHS; CYCLE; RECOVERY;
CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVE; TECHNOLOGY; LIBERATION; MANAGEMENT
AB In this paper, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of processing of electronic
waste (e-waste), particularly printed circuit boards (PCB), through secondary
copper recycling (black copper smelting), was carried out. The mass balance
flowsheets of two scenarios, i.e., the case of secondary copper recycling with
(SCE1) and without (SCE2) addition of PCBs, have been developed and compared. From
the perspective of recovery of copper (Cu), gold (Au), and silver (Ag); the
thermodynamic analysis predicted that the process conditions at temperature of 1300
degrees C and oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) of 10-8 atm are suitable for PCB
processing through secondary copper smelting route. Under these conditions, no
solid phases were predicted to form when the PCB addition is below 50 wt%. High PCB
addition was predicted to produce high volume of slag in the process and more
pollutants in the gas phase (Br-based gaseous compounds). The chemistry of the slag
was also predicted to change that is shifting the liquidus temperature to a higher
value due to the presence of aluminium (Al), silica (SiO2), and titanium dioxide
(TiO2) in the feed coming from the PCB. The carbon content of the PCB potentially
supplies additional heat and reductant (CO) in the process hence can partially
replace coke in the feed material. The predicted recoveries of copper (Cu), gold
(Au), and silver (Ag) from e-waste were 83.3, 96.5, and 88.5 wt% respectively.
C1 [Ghodrat, Maryam; Samali, Bijan] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Comp Engn & Math, Ctr
Infrastruct Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar; Khaliq, Abdul; Brooks, Geoffrey] Swinburne Univ
Technol, Dept Mech Engn & Prod Design Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
C3 Western Sydney University; Swinburne University of Technology
RP Ghodrat, M (corresponding author), Western Sydney Univ, Sch Comp Engn & Math,
Ctr Infrastruct Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
EM M.ghodrat@westernsydney.edu.au; arhamdhani@swin.edu.au;
aks1445@gmail.com; gbrooks@swin.edu.au; B.Samali@westernsydney.edu.au
RI Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar/ACM-2274-2022; Khaliq, Abdul/AAR-5080-2020
OI Rhamdhani, Muhammad Akbar/0000-0002-9457-3808; Khaliq,
Abdul/0000-0002-8512-105X; Brooks, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8499-780X; Samali,
Bijan/0000-0002-3426-7745; Ghodrat, Maryam/0000-0003-4009-5262
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NR 50
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1438-4957
EI 1611-8227
J9 J MATER CYCLES WASTE
JI J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag.
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 20
IS 1
BP 386
EP 401
DI 10.1007/s10163-017-0590-8
PG 16
GA FS6GS
UT WOS:000419896500038
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Rabah, MA
AF Rabah, MA
TI Preparation of aluminium-magnesium alloys and some valuable salts from
used beverage cans
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB The purpose of this work is to recover standard aluminium-magnesium alloy(s) and
some valuable salts from used beverage cans (UBCs). The suggested method updated
the current recycling technology by augmenting removal of the coating paint,
decreasing magnesium loss during melting process and improving hydrochloric acid
leaching of the formed slag. Iron impurity present in the leaching solution, was
removed by oxidation using oxygen gas or hydrogen peroxide and filtered as
goethite. Results obtained revealed that a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone/dimethyl
formamide entirely removes the paint coating at room temperature. The process
compares favorably to the current methods involving firing or swell peeling. The
coating decomposes to titanium dioxide by heating at 750 degreesC for 30 min.
Standard compositions of Al-Mg alloys are formulated using secondary magnesium. The
extent of recovery (R) of these alloy(s) is a function of the melting time and
temperature and type of the flux. The maximum (R) value amounts to 94.4%. Sodium
borate/chloride mix decreases magnesium loss to a minimum. The extent of leaching
valuable salts from the slag increases with increasing the molarity, stoichiometric
ratio and leaching temperature of-the acid used. Removal of iron is a function of
the potential of the oxidation process. Stannous chloride has been recovered from
the recovered and dried salts by distillation at 700-750 degreesC. (C) 2003
Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Cent Met R&D Inst, Ind Wastes Lab, Cairo 11421, Egypt.
C3 Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Central Metallurgical Research &
Development Institute (CMRDI)
RP Rabah, MA (corresponding author), Cent Met R&D Inst, Ind Wastes Lab, POB 87,
Cairo 11421, Egypt.
EM rucmrdi@rusys.eg.net
RI rabah, mahmoud/ABA-0085-2022
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NR 20
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 3
U2 18
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
EI 1879-2456
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PY 2003
VL 23
IS 2
BP 173
EP 182
AR PII S0956-053X(02)00152-6
DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00152-6
PG 10
GA 654WX
UT WOS:000181520900010
PM 12623092
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU BURKHARD, R
HOFFELNER, W
ESCHENBACH, RC
AF BURKHARD, R
HOFFELNER, W
ESCHENBACH, RC
TI RECYCLING OF METALS FROM WASTE WITH THERMAL PLASMA
LA English
DT Article
AB Environmental regulations and quality demands require clean and efficient
processes for recovery of materials from scrap and waste. Thermal plasma is a heat
source for recovering metals pyrometallurgicaly. High energy density, high
temperatures and flexibility in the plasma gases employed are the basic advantages
of plasma. Plasma methods are pining importance for scrap melting of reactive and
refractory metals and alloys, aluminum containing wastes, steel plant wastes and
recovery of metals from spent catalysts. In the paper, some metal-containing wastes
in different scrap and waste categories, related problems, goals and recycling
furnace concepts will be presented and discussed: titanium scrap consolidation and
refining (Plasma Cold Hearth Furnace), aluminum dross recycling (Plasma Rotating
Hearth Furnace), MMC's, spent catalyst recycling and dust treatment. The paper also
summarizes recent developments and some future aspects of plasma metal recovery
from scrap and waste.
RP BURKHARD, R (corresponding author), MOSER GLASER & CO AG,MUTTENZ,SWITZERLAND.
NR 0
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 16
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
PD APR
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 1-2
BP 11
EP 16
DI 10.1016/0921-3449(94)90033-7
PG 6
GA NP681
UT WOS:A1994NP68100002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Biganzoli, L
Gorla, L
Nessi, S
Grosso, M
AF Biganzoli, Laura
Gorla, Leopoldo
Nessi, Simone
Grosso, Mario
TI Volatilisation and oxidation of aluminium scraps fed into incineration
furnaces
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminium; Bottom ash; Metal recovery; MSW incineration
ID MSWI BOTTOM ASH; WASTE; RECOVERY
AB Ferrous and non-ferrous metal scraps are increasingly recovered from municipal
solid waste incineration bottom ash and used in the production of secondary steel
and aluminium. However, during the incineration process, metal scraps contained in
the waste undergo volatilisation and oxidation processes, which determine a loss of
their recoverable mass. The present paper evaluates the behaviour of different
types of aluminium packaging materials in a full-scale waste to energy plant during
standard operation. Their partitioning and oxidation level in the residues of the
incineration process are evaluated, together with the amount of potentially
recoverable aluminium. About 80% of post-consumer cans, 51% of trays and 27% of
foils can be recovered through an advanced treatment of bottom ash combined with a
melting process in the saline furnace for the production of secondary aluminium.
The residual amount of aluminium concentrates in the fly ash or in the fine
fraction of the bottom ash and its recovery is virtually impossible using the
current eddy current separation technology. The average oxidation levels of the
aluminium in the residues of the incineration process is equal to 9.2% for cans,
17.4% for trays and 58.8% for foils. The differences between the tested packaging
materials are related to their thickness, mechanical strength and to the alloy. (c)
2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Biganzoli, Laura; Gorla, Leopoldo; Nessi, Simone; Grosso, Mario] Politecn
Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
C3 Polytechnic University of Milan
RP Biganzoli, L (corresponding author), Politecn Milan, Piazza L Da Vinci 32, I-
20133 Milan, Italy.
EM laura.biganzoli@mail.polimi.it
RI Grosso, Mario/H-4141-2019
OI Grosso, Mario/0000-0001-8953-636X
FU CiAl; European Aluminium Association; International Aluminium Institute;
SILEA; Vedani Metalli laboratories
FX The financial support by CiAl, the European Aluminium Association and
the International Aluminium Institute for carrying out this research, as
well as the support by SILEA and Vedani Metalli laboratories for
carrying out the experimental tests and the aluminium analyses are
sincerely acknowledged. The authors gratefully acknowledge Mirko Bonelli
for his contribution during the tests and the the analyses.
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NR 18
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 30
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2012
VL 32
IS 12
BP 2266
EP 2272
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.06.003
PG 7
GA 058ZY
UT WOS:000312675400009
PM 22749723
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Peterson, RD
Newton, L
AF Peterson, RD
Newton, L
BE Schneider, WA
TI Review of aluminum dross processing
SE Light Metals
LA English
CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting
CY FEB 17-21, 2002
CL SEATTLE, WA
AB Dross is a by-product of melting aluminum metal. It is a mixture of aluminum
metal and aluminum oxide with minor amounts of other constituents. The type and
"quality" of a dross is determined by the method of melting, the initial feed
materials, temperature, and agitation to name just a few of the process variables.
This paper will review current common dross processing practices and as well as
piloted and proposed processing methods. The paper will discuss how drosses and
their by-product residues may be treated in the near future. The impact of the
dross-producing plant practices on metal recovery will be examined. A discussion on
maximizing "Total Metal Recovery" will be made.
Finally, dross is not a waste - it is a by-product with significant value. A
short discussion will be made on responsible handling and processing in an
efficient manner to maximize the value of the dross.
C1 IMCO Recycling Inc, Rockwood, TN USA.
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NR 23
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 7
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-519-0
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2002
BP 1029
EP 1037
PG 9
GA BU35M
UT WOS:000175748000146
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Yu, D
Chattopadhyay, K
AF Yu, D.
Chattopadhyay, K.
TI Numerical simulation of copper recovery from converter slags by the
utilisation of spent potlining (SPL) from aluminium electrolytic cells
SO CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cu converter slag; Matte; Spent potlining; SPL; Slag cleaning; FactSage
ID FURNACE
AB An innovative method was devised to improve copper recovery and operational
efficiency of the Cu converter slag-cleaning furnace, by utilising both carbon and
fluoride values of an otherwise environmental hazardous material (i.e. spent
potlining (SPL)) produced from the aluminium industry. Results based on numerical
modelling show that 90% Cu recovery could be achieved by adding as little as 3-4
wt-% of SPL to the molten converter slag. The fluorides and sodium-containing
compounds in the SPL reduced the slag viscosity, resulting in a much faster
settling rate of matte droplets. In this process, the SPL could be detoxified by
destroying the cyanides to form harmless N-2 gas, and inertising the fluorides in a
much diluted form in the ferro-silicate slag, ensuring a safe disposal to the
environment.
C1 [Yu, D.; Chattopadhyay, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Proc Met &
Modelling Grp, 184 Coll St,Suite 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada.
C3 University of Toronto
RP Yu, D (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Proc Met &
Modelling Grp, 184 Coll St,Suite 140, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada.
EM dawei.yu@mail.utoronto.ca
RI Yu, Dawei/AAE-7736-2021; Chattopadhyay, Kinnor/K-4806-2018; Yu,
Dawei/T-4077-2018
OI Chattopadhyay, Kinnor/0000-0002-0755-8846; Yu, Dawei/0000-0001-7606-4148
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NR 37
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 42
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0008-4433
EI 1879-1395
J9 CAN METALL QUART
JI Can. Metall. Q.
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 2
BP 251
EP 260
DI 10.1080/00084433.2016.1181314
PG 10
GA DM6NN
UT WOS:000376469800016
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Birol, Y
AF Birol, Y.
TI Improved halide salt process to produce Al-B master alloys
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Metals; Casting; Al-B master alloy
ID RATIO AIB(2) FLAKES; TI-B; GRAIN REFINER; K2TIF6; PHASES; MELTS
AB Adding KBF4 salt to molten Al produces a B lean Al-B melt and a B rich dross. A
revised practice that relies on the co-addition of Na3AlF6 with KBF4 and mechanical
stirring is proposed in the present work to produce Al-B alloys. The highly surface
active Na3AlF6 helps to break up the boride agglomerates glued together by the
spent salt. Mechanical stirring facilitates uniform distribution of the freed
borides in molten aluminium. The microstructural features of the Al-3B alloy thus
processed and the B recovery were improved in a marked fashion. The boride
dispersion in the aluminium matrix was uniform with no evidence of salt residues
inside the aluminium matrix. An improved salt addition practice to ensure full B
recovery and an Al-B alloy of sufficient quality is thus claimed to comprise the
following steps: melting commercial purity aluminium ingot, adding premixed KBF4
and Na3AlF6 salts to molten Al at 800 degrees C gradually to avoid excessive
cooling of the melt, holding the melt for 5 min at 800 degrees C to allow the
reaction to reach completion, decanting the spent salt and throughly stirring the
melt before casting into desired shape.
C1 TUBITAK, Mat Inst, Marmara Res Ctr, Kocaeli, Turkey.
C3 Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)
RP Birol, Y (corresponding author), TUBITAK, Mat Inst, Marmara Res Ctr, Kocaeli,
Turkey.
EM yucel.birol@mam.gov.tr
RI birol, yucel/K-7139-2012
OI birol, yucel/0000-0002-5829-1045
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NR 24
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 16
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 12
BP 1846
EP 1850
DI 10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000031
PG 5
Engineering
GA 864JB
UT WOS:000298235000016
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, P
Dahmus, J
Guldberg, S
Riddervold, HO
Kirchain, R
AF Li, Preston
Dahmus, Jeffrey
Guldberg, Sigrid
Riddervold, Hans Ole
Kirchain, Randolph
TI How Much Sorting Is Enough Identifying Economic and Scrap-Reuse Benefits
of Sorting Technologies
SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE alloy; aluminum; industrial ecology; material recycling; metals;
optimization
ID MULTILEVEL CYCLE; RECYCLING RATE; PRODUCT; MODEL; RECOVERY;
OPTIMIZATION; LIBERATION; RESOURCE; METALS
AB One strategy for mitigating the effects of rapidly growing global materials
consumption is intensified recycling. A key barrier to recycling is the ability to
segment or sort constituents within end-of-life products. Various sorting
technologies hold promise, but each must demonstrate added value to achieve wide-
scale deployment. Potential factors affecting such value include the mix of scrap
supply, the nature and mix of finished goods demand, sorting technology
performance, and costs. This article examines the use of optimization models to
identify economically efficient sorting strategies and their impact on scrap usage.
Using this method, this article attempts to identify the conditions that amplify
and mute the value of sorting to facilitate recycling.
When this method is applied to a case representative of European aluminum
secondary production, it is clear that sorting methods can add value in a broad
range of conditions. Although better sorting performance ( in the form of
segmentation efficiency, referred to as recovery rate) correlates positively with
cost savings and scrap utilization, it does not always vary monotonically with
optimal sorter utilization (i.e., the fraction of scrap sorted rather than
unsorted). Furthermore, the case analysis indicates that the value of sorting is
more strongly dependent on recovery rate for the more heterogeneous fraction,
which, in the case of aluminum, is the cast-like fraction. Ultimately, sorting
increases production flexibility, making a recycler more economically resilient in
the face of changing supply and production conditions.
C1 [Li, Preston; Dahmus, Jeffrey; Kirchain, Randolph] MIT, Mat Syst Lab, Engn Syst
Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Li, Preston] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Guldberg, Sigrid; Riddervold, Hans Ole] Norsk Hydro ASA, Oslo, Norway.
C3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT)
RP Kirchain, R (corresponding author), MIT, Mat Syst Lab, Engn Syst Div, Room E38-
432,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM kirchain@mit.edu
OI Kirchain, Randolph/0000-0002-4019-8598
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NR 51
TC 19
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 22
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1088-1980
EI 1530-9290
J9 J IND ECOL
JI J. Ind. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 5
BP 743
EP 759
DI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00365.x
PG 17
WE Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index
(SSCI)
& Ecology
GA 836VQ
UT WOS:000296144800024
OA Bronze
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, MH
Geng, Y
Liu, G
Gao, ZY
Rui, X
Xiao, SJ
AF Li, Minghang
Geng, Yong
Liu, Gang
Gao, Ziyan
Rui, Xue
Xiao, Shijiang
TI Uncovering spatiotemporal evolution of titanium in China: A dynamic
material flow analysis
LA English
DT Article
DE Titanium; Material flow analysis; China; Regeneration and recycling;
Resource efficiency; Governance
ID MAINLAND CHINA; CYCLE; ALUMINUM; STOCKS; INCREASE
AB Titanium has become a strategic metal due both to its current use in coatings
industry and increasing applications in aerospace and renewable energy. China is
the largest titanium producer and consumer. In order to move toward carbon
neutrality ambition, it is critical to uncover China's overall titanium
utilization. Under such a circumstance, this study employs a dynamic material flow
analysis method to reveal the evolution trend of China's titanium cycle from 2005
to 2020. The main results show that: (1) China's titanium ore is large in volume
but low in grade, ore reserves are closely related with the primary origins, while
the secondary origins are scattered; (2) The import dependence of high-grade
titanium concentrate exceeded 86%, which indicates that the domestic resource
endowment cannot meet with the soaring demand; (3) China's cumulative titanium
stock had increased by 70 times during the study period, of which the potential
dissipative stock increased from 93.37 kilotons (Kt) in 2005 to 1069.75 Kt in 2020;
(4) The regenerative path of titanium scraps is remelting before ingot casting and
cascade recovery during manufacturing, and the utilization of reclaimed titanium
resource increased from 1.31 Kt in 2005 to 89.57 Kt in 2020 due to technological
innovation. These findings reflect that China should not only pay attention on
domestic titanium resources and substantial environmental burden associated with
titanium mining, processing and utilization, but also seeking new high-grade
titanium ores, encourage titanium recycling and diversify titanium resource import
countries.
C1 [Li, Minghang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, China UK Low Carbon Coll, Shanghai
201306, Peoples R China.
[Geng, Yong; Rui, Xue] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, China Inst Urban Governance,
Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Geng, Yong; Gao, Ziyan; Xiao, Shijiang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Int & Publ
Affairs, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Geng, Yong; Rui, Xue] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn,
[Liu, Gang] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Green Technol, SDU Life Cycle Engn,
Odense, Denmark.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai
Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of
Southern Denmark
RP Geng, Y (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, China Inst Urban
Governance, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.; Geng, Y (corresponding author),
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.;
Geng, Y (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn,
EM mh_lee@sjtu.edu.cn; ygeng@sjtu.edu.cn; gli@igt.sdu.dk;
ziyan_gao@sjtu.edu.cn; ruixue0108@sjtu.edu.cn; shijiang.xiao@sjtu.edu.cn
RI Gao, Ziyan/S-3222-2018; Xiao, Shijiang/GRY-3569-2022; 郭,
青霞/GZH-2618-2022; Geng, Yong/B-6310-2018; Liu, Gang/J-3181-2013
OI Geng, Yong/0000-0002-2284-1375; Liu, Gang/0000-0002-7613-1985
FU National Key R&D Program of China [2019YFC1908501]; Natural Science
Foundation of China [72088101, 71810107001, 71690241, 71991484]
FX This study is financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of
China (2019YFC1908501) and Natural Science Foundation of China
(72088101; 71810107001; 71690241;71991484).
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NR 44
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 17
U2 47
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 180
AR 106166
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106166
EA JAN 2022
PG 10
GA 2P4XO
UT WOS:000819746200007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Azof, FI
Vafeias, M
Panias, D
Safarian, J
AF Azof, Fabian Imanasa
Vafeias, Michail
Panias, Dimitrios
Safarian, Jafar
TI The leachability of a ternary
CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag produced from
smelting-reduction of low-grade bauxite for alumina recovery
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Low-grade bauxite; Smelting-reduction; Aluminate slag; Alumina;
Leachability; Leaching residue
ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISM
AB A combination of smelting-reduction of bauxite and leaching treatment of the
produced slag for alumina recovery is known as the Pedersen process. The process is
considered to be more sustainable for producing metallurgical-grade alumina than
the Bayer process as it does not produce bauxite residue (red mud), which is one of
the most abundant industrial byproducts in the world. In this work, the
leachability of a ternary CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag produced from smelting-reduction of
low-grade bauxite has been studied. The obtained calcium aluminate-slag consists of
Ca12Al14O33 and CaAl2O4 phases with minor amounts of complex oxide phases. A
leaching series have been carried out at different temperatures,
Na2O(carbonate):Na2O(caustic) concentration ratios. The composition of solids and
leaching liquors were analyzed for measuring the recovery of the aluminum and
silicon. The results show that the highest aluminum extraction extent in the
current study is 46.7%, which is achieved at a temperature of 75 degrees C, 1 atm,
in 60 g/L Na2O(carbonate) solution, in 30 min of leaching time. A passive calcium -
containing layer at the slag's surface acts as a mass transfer barrier for the
reactants and products of the leaching reactions, making their diffusion the rate-
limiting step. A high concentration of Na2O(caustic) may decrease the aluminum
extraction of the slag as a result of insufficient carbonate anions in the system,
where the dissolved aluminum reacts with the calcium cations and produce 3CaO
center dot Al2O3 center dot 6H(2)O phase.
C1 [Azof, Fabian Imanasa; Safarian, Jafar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept
Mat Sci & Engn, Trondheim, Norway.
[Vafeias, Michail; Panias, Dimitrios] NTUA, Sch Min & Met Engn, Athens, Greece.
C3 Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); National Technical
University of Athens
RP Azof, FI (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat Sci
& Engn, Trondheim, Norway.
EM fabian.i.azof@ntnu.no
RI Panias, Dimitrios/AAO-1296-2021
FU Research Domain 5 Materials and the Society in SFI Metal Production
[237738]
FX The NTNU has funded the research and supported by the Research Domain 5
Materials and the Society in SFI Metal Production (Project no. 237738).
The School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, NTUA, is
acknowledged for the use of leaching reactor, ICP-OES, and XRF analyzer.
The scientific support from the ENSUREAL Horizon 2020 project is also
acknowledged.
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10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.007
NR 35
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 191
AR 105184
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105184
PG 12
GA KO0CA
UT WOS:000515212700019
OA Green Published, hybrid
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kvithyld, A
Meskers, CEM
Gaal, S
Reuter, M
Engh, TA
AF Kvithyld, Anne
Meskers, C. E. M.
Gaal, Sean
Reuter, Markus
Engh, Thorvald Abel
TI Recycling light metals: Optimal thermal de-coating
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID KINETICS
AB Thermal de-coating of painted and lacquered scrap is one of the new innovations
developed for aluminum recycling. If implemented in all recycling and optimized as
suggested in this article, recovery would be improved with considerable economic
impact. Generally, contaminated scrap is difficult to recycle. Direct re-melting of
coated scrap results in the generation of gaseous emissions, with increased metal
oxidation, contamination, and salt flux usage. By thermal de-coating of the scrap
these problems are avoided. Thermal de-coating followed by re-melting of aluminum
scrap is now common practice, while painted magnesium scrap is not currently de-
coated and recycled. This article presents observations during heating of the
contaminated light metals together with the mass loss, evolved gases, and residue
after de-coating in order to give a general description of the de-coating process.
It is argued that the main behavior during de-coating may be described as two
distinct regimes-scission and combustion-regardless of metal substrate and coating.
Monitoring the combustion regime should assure optimum de-coating.
C1 [Kvithyld, Anne; Gaal, Sean] SINTEF Mat & Chem, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
[Meskers, C. E. M.] Umicore Precious Met Refining, BE-2660 Hoboken, Belgium.
[Meskers, C. E. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft,
Netherlands.
[Reuter, Markus] Ausmelt Australia, Melbourne, Vic 3175, Australia.
[Engh, Thorvald Abel] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
C3 SINTEF; UMICORE; Delft University of Technology; Norwegian University of
Science & Technology (NTNU)
RP Kvithyld, A (corresponding author), SINTEF Mat & Chem, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
EM Anne.Kvithyld@sintef.no
RI Reuter, Markus/M-5565-2019; Reuter, Markus A/D-2839-2015
OI Reuter, Markus/0000-0003-0500-4863; Reuter, Markus
A/0000-0003-0500-4863; Meskers, Christina/0000-0002-2174-3167
FU Research Council of Norway; Light Metals Technology
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of this work by The Research
Council of Norway under the strategic university program in Light Metals
Technology
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MESKERS CEM, 2008, THESIS DELFT U TECHN
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NR 12
TC 18
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD AUG
PY 2008
VL 60
IS 8
BP 47
EP 51
DI 10.1007/s11837-008-0107-y
PG 5
GA 337QF
UT WOS:000258449900023
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Huan, SX
Wang, YW
Peng, JP
Di, YZ
Li, B
Zhang, LD
AF Huan, Shuxing
Wang, Yaowu
Peng, Jianping
Di, Yuezhong
Li, Bo
Zhang, Lida
TI Recovery of aluminum from waste aluminum alloy by low-temperature molten
salt electrolysis
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum recovery; Current efficiency; Low-temperature electrolysis;
Electrowinning of aluminum; Cyclic voltammetry curve
ID FLY-ASH; ELECTRODEPOSITION; AL; SOLVENT
AB Large amounts of industrial waste discharge have serious implications for the
environment. The production of coarse Al-Si alloy by carbothermal reduction is
considered to be one potential method for making use of industrial aluminiferous
waste slag. Here, we discuss the influence of different processing parameters on
electrolytic refining of aluminum alloy and investigate the mechanism of extracting
Al from coarse Al-Si alloy in a low-temperature molten salt system. Aluminum is
obtained with the use of coarse Al-Si alloy as a soluble anode in the AlCl3-NaCl-
KCl molten salt system. The current efficiency reached over 94% when the
electrolysis temperature was 170 degrees C, the current density was 30 mA/cm(2) and
electrolysis was performed for 1.5 h. In the electrolysis process, Al in the coarse
Al-Si alloy was present in the form of Al2Cl7- and AlCl4-, which precipitated at
the cathode. The purity of aluminum electrodeposited on the aluminum cathode was
99.3%.
C1 [Huan, Shuxing; Wang, Yaowu; Peng, Jianping; Di, Yuezhong; Li, Bo; Zhang, Lida]
Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
C3 Northeastern University - China
RP Wang, YW (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819,
Peoples R China.
EM wangyw@smm.neu.edu.cn
RI PENG, Jian-ping/AAG-2146-2021
OI Peng, Jianping/0000-0003-0720-2257
FU National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1901905]; Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities [N162502002]; National Science
Foundation of China [51774080]
FX The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Program of China
(2018YFC1901905), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (N162502002), and National Science Foundation of China
(51774080) for the financial support.
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NR 29
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 16
U2 72
PI OXFORD
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD AUG 1
PY 2020
VL 154
AR 106386
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106386
PG 7
GA LT2UC
UT WOS:000536926200004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Scharf, C
Ditze, A
AF Scharf, Christiane
Ditze, Andre
TI Recycling of black dross containing rare earths originating from melting
and recycling of magnesium alloys
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnesium; Residue; Dross; Rare earth; Leaching; Solvent extraction
ID ALUMINUM
AB The process of melting and recycling magnesium alloys using fluxes produces a
residue termed black dross. The black dross investigated contained metal and non-
metallic phases with a considerable content of rare earth metals (REEs). The black
dross was separated by crushing and screening into metal and non-metallic
fractions. The non-metallic fraction was further processed by water and acid
leaching. In the water leach, NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 were separated for
crystallisation. In the acid leach the residue was treated with hydrochloric acid
in order to dissolve the rare earth elements Ce, La, Nd and Pr. Selective
precipitation by oxalic acid and solvent extraction using D2EHPA or PC88A enables a
recovery of up to 92.6% of the REEs from the oxide-salt-fraction. The equilibrium
isotherms of the solvent extraction operation indicate the potential for further
separating the rare earth elements. A flow sheet of the whole processes was
developed in order to guide industrial application. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All
tights reserved.
C1 [Scharf, Christiane; Ditze, Andre] Tech Univ Clausthal, Dept Extract Met, D-
38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany.
C3 TU Clausthal
RP Ditze, A (corresponding author), Engn Off MetuRec, EschenbacherTeichen 16, D-
38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany.
EM c.scharf@hzdr.de; andre.ditze@t-online.de
RI Scharf, Christiane/AGG-7892-2022
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NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 27
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD OCT
PY 2015
VL 157
BP 140
EP 148
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.08.006
PG 9
GA CV4QX
UT WOS:000364252700019
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Utigard, TA
Roy, RR
Friesen, K
AF Utigard, TA
Roy, RR
Friesen, K
TI The roles of molten salts in the treatment of aluminum
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERFACIAL-TENSION; CRYOLITE; MELTS
AB Fluxes based on a mixture of molten salts play an important role in the
processing of molten aluminum. They are used in a passive role to cover the metal
from oxidation and sometimes in an active role to remove inclusions, alkali metals
and magnesium. Salt fluxes can also be used to improve metal recovery from drosses
as well as during the melting of recycled scrap.
Most salt fluxes are based on either the KCl-NaCl or the KCl-MgCl2 binary
systems. Additives include other chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, carbonates or
sulphates. The physical and chemical properties of these various molten salts are
reviewed and analysed in terms of their applications to the aluminum industry.
C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada.
Hatch Associates, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Utigard, TA (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Toronto,
ON M5S 3E4, Canada.
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TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 23
PU METALLURGICAL SOC-C I M
PI MONTREAL
PA 1200-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD WEST, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H3Z 3B8, CANADA
SN 0008-4433
J9 CAN METALL QUART
JI Can. Metall. Q.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 3
BP 327
EP 334
PG 8
GA 461RU
UT WOS:000170377900005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU LOPEZ, FA
SAINZ, E
FORMOSO, A
ALFARO, I
AF LOPEZ, FA
SAINZ, E
FORMOSO, A
ALFARO, I
TI THE RECOVERY OF ALUMINA FROM SALT SLAGS IN ALUMINUM REMELTING
LA English
DT Article
AB This work descrobes a preliminary study which looks at the possibility of
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hydrolysis of slag from aluminium remelting in rotary furnaces. The process
initially involves grinding the slag and carrying out grain screening and sizing,
which leads to the recovery of most of the aluminium metal found in the original
material. It then involves the water leaching of the non-metal part of the slag,
once this been ground to a grain diameter of less than 500 mu m. The fraction which
is not soluble in water is pelletized and then calcined in an oxidizing atmosphere
to produce a mixture made up of alpha-Al2O3 and MgO.Al2O3, which can have different
industrial applications (in particular fused grains, cement, glass, foundry and
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Finally the products obtained from the sintering process are analysed, and the
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between the different alumina phases are studied.
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TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PI OXFORD
SN 0008-4433
J9 CAN METALL QUART
JI Can. Metall. Q.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 1994
VL 33
IS 1
BP 29
EP 33
PG 5
GA MR998
UT WOS:A1994MR99800004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Meng, L
Wang, Z
Wang, L
Guo, L
Guo, ZC
AF Meng, Long
Wang, Zhe
Wang, Lu
Guo, Lei
Guo, Zhancheng
TI Novel and efficient purification of scrap Al-Mg alloys using
supergravity technology
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Scrap Al-Mg alloy; Supergravity; Purification; Impurity removal;
Separation
ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; CENTRIFUGAL; REMOVAL;
FABRICATION; INCLUSIONS; MAGNESIUM; RECOVERY; CU
AB Supergravity technology is an efficient method for the separation of trace
elements from Al-Mg alloys made of their scraps. This study investigated the
enrichment and separation behavior of impurities from Al-Mg alloy using
supergravity technology under various conditions. After supergravity enrichment,
nonmetallic inclusions and precipitated intermetallic compounds were concentrated
at the bottom of the samples, and the enrichment degree positively correlated with
the gravity coefficient. High-purity Al-Mg alloys was obtained with efficient
impurity removal from the alloy melt of the scraps by filtration in supergravity
fields. Improving the gravity coefficient benefited the recoveries of the Al and Mg
but had little influence on the purity of the obtained Al-Mg alloy. Although the
recoveries of the Al and Mg increased slightly with increasing the separation
temperature, the removal rates of the metallic impurities were relatively low at
elevated temperatures. At the temperature of 500 degrees C, gravity coefficient of
600, and separation time of 1 min, 91.6% and 90.1% of Al and Mg were recovered,
respectively. Their corresponding mass fractions in the filtered Al-Mg alloy were
99.2 wt%. An amplified experimental centrifugal separation apparatus was also
designed for purifying the alloys on an engineering scale. The results indicate
that supergravity technology is feasible on an industrial scale and that it can be
potentially employed as a separation and purification process. (C) 2020 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Meng, Long; Wang, Zhe; Wang, Lu; Guo, Lei; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci & Technol
Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Meng, Long] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; Institute of Process
Engineering, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Wang, Z; Guo, ZC (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM zhewang@ustb.edu.cn; zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
RI Guo, Z. C./AAS-1733-2021
FU National Natural Science Foundations of China [51704022, 52004264];
[FRF-TP-20-018A3]
FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of
China (Grant No. 51704022 and 52004264) and the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-20-018A3).
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Zygmuntowicz J, 2018, COMPOS PART B-ENG, V141, P158, DOI
10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.056
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 22
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
EI 1879-2456
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD JAN 1
PY 2021
VL 119
BP 22
EP 29
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.027
PG 8
GA PG5HR
UT WOS:000599766200003
PM 33039978
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, J
Xu, ZM
Zhou, YH
AF Li, Jia
Xu, Zhenming
Zhou, Yaohe
TI Theoretic model and computer simulation of separating mixture metal
particles from waste printed circuit board by electrostatic separator
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE computer simulating; PCB scraps; mixture metal particles; MATLAB
AB Traditionally, the mixture metals from waste printed circuit board (PCB) were
sent to the smelt factory to refine pure copper. Some valuable metals (aluminum,
zinc and tin) with low content in PCB were lost during smelt. A new method which
used roll-type electrostatic separator (RES) to recovery low content metals in
waste PCB was presented in this study. The theoretic model which was established
from computing electric field and the analysis of forces on the particles was used
to write a program by MATLAB language. The program was design to simulate the
process of separating mixture metal particles. Electrical, material and mechanical
factors were analyzed to optimize the operating parameters of separator. The
experiment results of separating copper and aluminum particles by RES had a good
agreement with computer simulation results. The model could be used to simulate
separating other metal (tin, zinc, etc.) particles during the process of recycling
waste PCBs by RES. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Jia; Xu, Zhenming; Zhou, Yaohe] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci &
Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Xu, ZM (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn,
800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM zmxu@sjtu.edu.cn
RI Li, Jia/M-3443-2018
OI Li, Jia/0000-0001-7164-4071
CR LI J, IN PRESS J HAZARD MA
Li J, 2007, J ELECTROSTAT, V65, P233, DOI 10.1016/j.elstat.2006.08.004
Theo L, 1998, IEEE INT SYMP ELECTR, P42, DOI 10.1109/ISEE.1998.675028
Veit HM, 2005, WASTE MANAGE, V25, P67, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.09.009
Younes M, 2005, IEEE IND APPLIC SOC, P2601
NR 5
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-3894
EI 1873-3336
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD MAY 30
PY 2008
VL 153
IS 3
BP 1308
EP 1313
DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.089
PG 6
GA 296LG
UT WOS:000255544300052
PM 17981393
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Abbasalizadeh, A
Seetharaman, S
Teng, L
Sridhar, S
Grinder, O
Izumi, Y
Barati, M
AF Abbasalizadeh, Aida
Seetharaman, Seshadri
Teng, Lidong
Sridhar, Seetharaman
Grinder, Olle
Izumi, Yukari
Barati, Mansoor
TI Highlights of the Salt Extraction Process
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID EUTECTIC LICL-KCL
AB This article presents the salient features of a new process for the recovery of
metal values from secondary sources and waste materials such as slag and flue
dusts. It is also feasible in extracting metals such as nickel and cobalt from ores
that normally are difficult to enrich and process metallurgically. The salt
extraction process is based on extraction of the metals from the raw materials by a
molten salt bath consisting of NaCl, LiCl, and KCl corresponding to the eutectic
composition with AlCl3 as the chlorinating agent. The process is operated in the
temperature range 973 K (700 degrees C) to 1173 K (900 degrees C). The process was
shown to be successful in extracting Cr and Fe from electric arc furnace (EAF)
slag. Electrolytic copper could be produced from copper concentrate based on
chalcopyrite in a single step. Conducting the process in oxygen-free atmosphere,
sulfur could be captured in the elemental form. The method proved to be successful
in extracting lead from spent cathode ray tubes. In order to prevent the loss of
AlCl3 in the vapor form and also chlorine gas emission at the cathode during the
electrolysis, liquid aluminum was used. The process was shown to be successful in
extracting Nd and Dy from magnetic scrap. The method is a highly promising process
route for the recovery of strategic metals. It also has the added advantage of
being environmentally friendly.
C1 [Abbasalizadeh, Aida; Seetharaman, Seshadri; Teng, Lidong] Royal Inst Technol,
Stockholm, Sweden.
[Seetharaman, Seshadri; Grinder, Olle] Salt Extract AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Sridhar, Seetharaman] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
[Izumi, Yukari] Kitakyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
[Barati, Mansoor] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
C3 Royal Institute of Technology; University of Warwick; University of
Toronto
RP Abbasalizadeh, A (corresponding author), Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden.
EM aidaa@kth.se; raman@kth.se; lidong@kth.se; s.seetharaman@warwick.ac.uk;
grinder@algonet.se; HCA00324@nifty.com; mansoor.barati@utoronto.ca
CR Abbasalizadeh A., 2013, UNPUB
Abbasalizadeh A., 2012, 5 C ION LIQ COIL C P
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10.1016/j.electacta.2004.09.013
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0728(03)00092-5
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Yamana H, 2006, J ALLOY COMPD, V408, P66, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.04.104
NR 21
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 32
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD NOV
PY 2013
VL 65
IS 11
BP 1552
EP 1558
DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0752-7
PG 7
GA 258ZE
UT WOS:000327496400026
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, HL
Ma, BZ
Hong, S
Huang, H
Liu, FQ
Sohn, HY
AF Zhao, Hongliang
Ma, Baozhong
Hong, Shuang
Huang, Hao
Liu, Fengqin
Sohn, Hong Yong
TI Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Converter Slags via
Reduction-Sulfurization Smelting Using Spent Pot Lining as the Reductant
LA English
DT Article
DE spent pot lining; converter slag; matte; copper; cobalt; recovery
AB Large amounts of solid wastes are produced in copper and aluminum smelting
processes, which not only cause losses of valuable resources but also threaten the
ecology and environment. In this study, a reduction-sulfurization smelting method
was used for recovering Cu and Co from converter slags by using spent pot lining
(SPL) as the reductant. CaO was added to fix the fluorine from SPL into the cleaned
slag. Thermodynamic analysis and experiments were performed to verify the
feasibility and determine the optimal conditions of this smelting process. The
optimum reductant addition of spent cathode carbon block (SCCB) and spent SiC side
block (SSCB) was 8-12 wt %, and the copper and cobalt recovery reached more than 98
and 96%, respectively. The addition of 10 wt % CaO for SCCB improved slag viscosity
and promoted the separation between slag and matte/alloy and fixed fluorine in the
cleaned slag in the form of insoluble calcium fluoride. The metallized Cu-Co matte
was obtained, in which Cu mainly existed in the form of sulfide and Co mainly
existed in the form of an iron cobalt alloy.
C1 [Zhao, Hongliang; Ma, Baozhong; Liu, Fengqin] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State
Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Hongliang; Ma, Baozhong; Hong, Shuang; Huang, Hao; Liu, Fengqin] Univ Sci
& Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Hongliang; Sohn, Hong Yong] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake
City, UT 84112 USA.
Technology Beijing; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
RP Liu, FQ (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv
Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Liu, FQ (corresponding author), Univ Sci &
EM liufq@ustb.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51974018]; Guangxi
Innovation-Driven Development Project [AA18242042-1]; Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-TP-19-016A3]; China
Scholarship Council
FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (51974018), the Guangxi InnovationDriven Development Project
(AA18242042-1), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (FRF-TP-19-016A3). The authors also thank the China
Scholarship Council for providing Chinese Government Scholarship to H.Z.
to study as a Visiting Scholar in H.Y.S.'s laboratory at the University
of Utah.
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NR 44
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 10
U2 71
PI WASHINGTON
SN 2168-0485
PD MAR 22
PY 2021
VL 9
IS 11
BP 4234
EP 4246
DI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00444
EA MAR 2021
PG 13
GA RI2SF
UT WOS:000636758600029
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, CD
Hu, B
Wang, HG
Mingyu,
Wang, XW
AF Zhang, Changda
Hu, Bin
Wang, Huaguang
Wang, Mingyu
Wang, Xuewen
TI Recovery of valuable metals from copper slag
SO MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Copper slag; Sulfation roasting; Sulfate decomposition roasting; Water
leaching
ID REDUCTION-MAGNETIC SEPARATION; CONVERTER SLAG; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE;
VALUES; COBALT
AB The copper smelting process produces plenty of copper slag every year, which is
a hazardous solid waste, but a secondary resource. In the present study, the
extraction of copper, nickel, and cobalt from copper slag was investigated through
the process of sulfation roasting-water leaching and the process of sulfation
roasting-sulfate decomposition roasting-water leaching respectively. Compared with
the process of sulfation roasting-water leaching, the process of sulfation
roasting-sulfate decomposition roasting-water leaching is a better choice, which
could not only get almost the same leaching of copper, nickel, and cobalt as the
former process, but has a lower leaching of iron and aluminum. For the process of
sulfation roasting-sulfate decomposition roasting-water leaching, the leaching of
Cu, Ni, and Co reached up to 74.2%, 71.1%, and 69.6% respectively, under the
optimal conditions including sulfation roasted with 80 wt% sulfuric acid addition
at 200 degrees C for 60 min and sulfate decomposition roasted at 650 degrees C for
60 min, followed by water leached at 90 degrees C for 30 min with a liquid-solid
ratio of 2 ml/g. The leaching of Fe and Al was only 4.9% and 17.6%.
C1 [Zhang, Changda; Hu, Bin; Wang, Mingyu; Wang, Xuewen] Cent South Univ, Sch Met &
Environm, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Huaguang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931
USA.
C3 Central South University; Michigan Technological University
RP Mingyu, (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha
EM wmydxx@163.com
RI wang, mingyu/E-5977-2016
OI wang, mingyu/0000-0001-8317-4708
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51974369]; Natural Science
Foundation of Hunan Province [2016JJ2142]
FX This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (51974369) and the Natural Science Foundation of
Hunan Province (2016JJ2142).
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NR 21
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 56
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 2524-3462
EI 2524-3470
J9 MINING METALL EXPLOR
JI Mining Metall. Explor.
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 37
IS 4
BP 1241
EP 1251
DI 10.1007/s42461-020-00224-7
EA MAY 2020
PG 11
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA MH4TK
UT WOS:000530237000001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Guan, XF
Pal, UB
Powell, AC
AF Guan, Xiaofei
Pal, Uday B.
Powell, Adam C.
TI An Environmentally Friendly Process Involving Refining and
Membrane-Based Electrolysis for Magnesium Recovery from Partially
Oxidized Scrap Alloy
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID METALS; TECHNOLOGY
AB Magnesium is recovered from partially oxidized scrap alloy by combining refining
and solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis. In this combined process, a molten
salt eutectic flux (45 wt.% MgF2-55 wt.% CaF2) containing 10 wt.% MgO and 2 wt.%
YF3 was used as the medium for magnesium recovery. During refining, magnesium and
its oxide are dissolved from the scrap into the molten flux. Forming gas is bubbled
through the flux and the dissolved magnesium is removed via the gas phase and
condensed in a separate condenser at a lower temperature. The molten flux has a
finite solubility for magnesium and acts as a selective medium for magnesium
dissolution, but not aluminum or iron, and therefore the magnesium recovered has
high purity. After refining, SOM electrolysis is performed in the same reactor to
enable electrolysis of the dissolved magnesium oxide in the molten flux producing
magnesium at the cathode and oxygen at the SOM anode. During SOM electrolysis, it
is necessary to decrease the concentration of the dissolved magnesium in the flux
to improve the faradaic current efficiency and prevent degradation of the SOM.
Thus, for both refining and SOM electrolysis, it is very important to measure and
control the magnesium solubility in the molten flux. High magnesium solubility
facilitates refining whereas lower solubility benefits the SOM electrolysis
process. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was employed to simulate the flow
behavior of the flux stirred by the forming gas. Based on the modeling results, an
optimized design of the stirring tubes and its placement in the flux are determined
for efficiently removing the dissolved magnesium and also increasing the efficiency
of the SOM electrolysis process.
C1 [Guan, Xiaofei; Pal, Uday B.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA
02446 USA.
[Pal, Uday B.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Powell, Adam C.] INFINIUM Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA.
C3 Boston University; Boston University
RP Guan, XF (corresponding author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Brookline, MA
02446 USA.
EM upal@bu.edu
RI Pal, Umapada/AAC-4930-2022; Guan, Xiaofei/ABH-6224-2020
OI Pal, Uday/0000-0001-5020-9396; Powell, Adam/0000-0003-0633-7264
FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0003454]
FX This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy
under Award No. DE-EE0003454. The authors would like to thank Dr. Peter
A. Zink and Dr. Eric Gratz for helpful discussions.
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NR 25
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 22
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 65
IS 10
BP 1285
EP 1292
DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0659-3
PG 8
GA 213YX
UT WOS:000324097700004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Yan, XY
AF Yan, Xiao Y.
TI Chemical and electrochemical processing of aluminum dross using molten
salts
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID NB2O5; CALCIOTHERMIC REDUCTION; RECOVERY; CHLORIDE; METAL;
INTERMETALLICS; DEOXIDATION; TITANIUM; CALCIUM; POWDERS
AB A novel molten salt process was investigated, where Al, as metal or contained in
Al2O3 and AlN, was recovered from Al dross by chemical or direct electrochemical
reduction in electrolytic cells. Electrolysis experiments were carried out under
argon at temperatures from 1123 to 1243 K. In order to better understand the
reduction behavior, the as-received Al dross was simulated using simplified
systems, including pure Al2O3, pure AlN, an Al2O3/AlN binary mixture, and an
Al2O3/AlN/Al ternary mixture. The reduction of the as-received dross was also
studied experimentally. The studies showed that solid Al2O3 was chemically reduced
by the Ca in a Ca-saturated Ca-CaCl2 melt to form Al2Ca or electrochemically
reduced to Al-rich Al-Ca alloys and that the Al value in the Al2O3 was easily
recovered from the Al drosses. It was found experimentally that solid AlN in the
drosses could not be calciothermically reduced to any extent, consistent with
thermodynamic evaluations. It was also found that the direct electrochemical
reduction of the AlN in the drosses was confined to three phase boundaries (3PBs)
between the AlN, the electrolyte, and the current collector and could not be
enhanced by using the LiCl-containing chloride melt or the chloride-fluoride melts
studied. The presence of Al powder in the Al2O3/AlN mixture facilitated the direct
electrochemical reduction of both Al2O3 and AlN. The reduction mechanisms are
discussed based upon the present experimental observations. Flow sheets for
recovering the metallic Al and the Al in the Al2O3 and AlN from Al dross are
finally proposed.
C1 Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Div Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
RP Yan, XY (corresponding author), Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Div Minerals,
Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
EM yong.yan@csiro.au
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NR 49
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 33
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1073-5615
EI 1543-1916
PD APR
PY 2008
VL 39
IS 2
BP 348
EP 363
DI 10.1007/s11663-008-9135-9
PG 16
Engineering
GA 301EO
UT WOS:000255879400018
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Cinarli, U
Turan, A
AF Cinarli, Umay
Turan, Ahmet
TI Investigation of Alumina-Based Ceramic Production from Aluminum Black
Dross
SO MINING METALLURGY & EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum; Alumina-based ceramic; Black dross; Hydrometallurgy;
Pyrometallurgy
ID SALT CAKE; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; WASTE
AB High-energy consumption in primary aluminum production (from bauxite ores) makes
secondary aluminum production (from metallic raw materials such as scrap and dross)
very critical. Aluminum dross, as a waste, arises in pyrometallurgical processes,
and it is the mixture of metallic Al, Al2O3, other metal oxides, metal halides, and
some other compounds like AlN. Aluminum dross has two subgroups (white and black)
with respect to its metallic aluminum content. White dross is a secondary aluminum
resource because of its high metallic aluminum content, whereas black dross, having
low metallic aluminum content, is generally disposed in dumping areas. In the
present study, it was aimed to develop a simple technique to valorize aluminum
black dross in the form of alumina-based ceramic materials through
pyrometallurgical (calcination) and hydrometallurgical (leaching) operations.
Moreover, thermochemical simulations were conducted by using HSC Chemistry 6.12
software to simulate calcination conditions. After leaching experiments, an
alumina-based ceramic containing approximately 36.8% Al2O3, 61.4% MgAl2O4 with 1.8%
Na2FeO4, which might be available to use as a spinel refractory in steel smelting
furnaces, was obtained in the experiment carried out in a solution containing 10 mL
H2SO4 and 40 mL distilled water (3.5 M). Moreover, the sinterability of the
alumina-based ceramic was investigated at the temperatures from 1350 to 1550
degrees C. In the sample which was sintered at 1550 degrees C, a density value of
3.15 g cm(-3) and a hardness value of 69.58 HV were measured.
C1 [Cinarli, Umay] Yalova Univ, Inst Sci, TR-77200 Yalova, Turkey.
[Turan, Ahmet] Yalova Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Fac Engn, TR-77200 Yalova, Turkey.
C3 Yalova University; Yalova University
RP Turan, A (corresponding author), Yalova Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Fac Engn, TR-77200
Yalova, Turkey.
EM aturan@yalova.edu.tr
RI Turan, Ahmet/H-3811-2017; Turan, Ahmet/ACQ-4574-2022
OI Turan, Ahmet/0000-0002-7578-1089; Turan, Ahmet/0000-0002-7578-1089;
CINARLI, Umay/0000-0001-5374-8352
FU Yalova University, Scientific Research Projects Department
[2019/YL/0002]
FX Yalova University, Scientific Research Projects Department under grant
number 2019/YL/0002.
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NR 26
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 55
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 2524-3462
EI 2524-3470
J9 MINING METALL EXPLOR
JI Mining Metall. Explor.
PD FEB
PY 2021
VL 38
IS 1
SI SI
BP 257
EP 267
DI 10.1007/s42461-020-00344-0
EA OCT 2020
PG 11
GA PS6WB
UT WOS:000583930200003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Danzi, E
Marmo, L
AF Danzi, Enrico
Marmo, Luca
TI Dust explosion risk in metal workings
SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
LA English
CT 12th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of
Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE)
CY AUG 12, 2018
CL Kansas City, MO
DE Mechanical workings; Metallic dust; Dust explosions; Metal industry
ID ALUMINUM-DUST; POWDER; HAZARDS
AB Several episodes of metal dust explosions have been reported to have affected
industries throughout the world, some of which have caused huge losses (Li et al.,
2016). These dusts are typically wastes or by-products derived from machinery
within metal manufacturing plants, which are collected in abatement systems
(suction units, bag filters). A recent work by Marmo et al. (2017) has demonstrated
the deflagration hazards of these dusts and how they are influenced by the particle
size (mainly d(10)), chemical composition and metal oxide content.
The dust samples studied in this work were collected from the following
mechanical workings of metals.
All these unit operations involve the generation of by-products or scraps that
may be classified as dust, with different size distributions and chemical
compositions, which of course depend on the nature of the processed goods. Among
these, it is known that the aluminum industry is affected by a significant hazard,
due to the high reactivity of aluminum dust. However, ferrous dust is also reactive
and widespread. Light alloys, such as Magnesium alloys, are becoming frequent,
especially in the automotive and aerospace industries. Therefore, new hazards are
now coming to light.
This work presents a study of 43 metal dust samples, collected at various
process plants, and discusses how the unit operation that generated the dust
samples may influence their ignition sensitivity and explosion violence. The paper
includes size distribution and chemical characterization data, and SEM observations
of the samples, as well as the results of K-ST and P-max measurements.
Of all the studied dusts, 59% were found to be explosible, according to the
standard test (ISO 80079-20-2), while 100% of the samples collected at some of the
dust abatement systems were explosible. Process dusts, such those collected at
metal recovery plants from exhaust catalysts or foundry wastes, were found to be
less hazardous. The findings of the work could contribute toward identifying the
most hazardous operations and suggesting adequate explosion moderation measures for
the metal manufacturing industry.
C1 [Danzi, Enrico; Marmo, Luca] Politecn Torino, Appl Sci & Technol Dept, Cso Duca
degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
C3 Polytechnic University of Turin
RP Marmo, L (corresponding author), Politecn Torino, Appl Sci & Technol Dept, Cso
Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
EM luca.marmo@polito.it
OI Marmo, Luca/0000-0002-0068-4858; Danzi, Enrico/0000-0001-9382-3417
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1.X5000-8
[Anonymous], 2017, DUST EXTR INST EX
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Zalosh R., 2014, P PAP 10 INT S HAZ P
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0950-4230
EI 1873-3352
J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC
JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind.
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 61
BP 195
EP 205
DI 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.06.005
PG 11
SC Engineering
GA IZ6BF
UT WOS:000487166100020
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wang, Z
Gao, JT
Meng, L
Shi, AJ
Guo, ZC
AF Wang, Zhe
Gao, Jintao
Meng, Long
Shi, Anjun
Guo, Zhancheng
TI Recovery of Zinc from Zn-Al-Fe Melt by Super-gravity Separation
LA English
DT Article
DE super gravity; galvanizing dross; zinc recovery; separation; iron
removal
ID GALVANIZING PROCESS; SUPER GRAVITY; DROSS; FIELD; ALUMINUM; REMOVAL;
STEEL; SLAG
AB The removal of iron-containing dross particles and recovery of zinc from
galvanizing dross by super-gravity separation was investigated using a model Zn-Fe-
Al alloy. After super-gravity separation, the high purity molten zinc went through
the filter, while the residue mainly consisting of dross particles was intercepted
by the filter and separated from the molten zinc. The effects of gravity
coefficient and separating temperature on zinc recovery and iron removal were
investigated. The preliminary results show the super gravity separation is a
promising method of recovering zinc from galvanizing dross.
C1 [Wang, Zhe; Gao, Jintao; Meng, Long; Shi, Anjun; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci &
RP Wang, Z (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv
EM zhewang@ustb.edu.cn
RI Guo, Z. C./AAS-1733-2021
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51704022]; Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-TP-16-036A1]
China (No. 51704022) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (FRF-TP-16-036A1).
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482
Zhao LX, 2010, METALL MATER TRANS B, V41, P505, DOI 10.1007/s11663-010-9376-2
NR 16
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 16
PI TOKYO
JAPAN
SN 0915-1559
EI 1347-5460
J9 ISIJ INT
JI ISIJ Int.
PY 2018
VL 58
IS 6
BP 1175
EP 1177
PG 3
GA GK7LJ
UT WOS:000436385400024
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Hazar, ABY
Saridede, MN
Çigdem, M
AF Hazar, ABY
Saridede, MN
Çigdem, M
TI A study on the structural analysis of aluminium drosses and processing
of industrial aluminium salty slags
SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF METALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminium dross; crystallization; leaching; recovery; salty slag;
structural analyses
AB In aluminium-melting operations, a dross layer containing 85% metallic Al forms
on the surface of the molten aluminium bath. Therefore, a significant amount of
metal is removed from the furnace with the dross. Melt losses are one of the most
important economical points in the melting operations. In the first part of the
present study, a series of reverbaratory furnace drosses received from several
aluminium plants located in Turkey were examined to determine their compositional
and structural characteristics. Following crushing and grinding operations, drosses
were dimensionally classified into 5 groups. Metallic Al, Mg, Zn, Fe and SiO2
contents of each group were analyzed separately. The metallic aluminium content of
the group +4 mm is found to be approximately 75% while that of -0.5 mm group is
25%. Another fundamental finding is the high Mg content present in the drosses.
Furthermore, Fe and SiO2 contents increase with decreasing particle size of the
dross. In the second part of the investigation, experiments were carried out on the
treatment of the salty slags to obtain salt, aluminium and non-metallic products
which can be used for various purposes. Leaching and crystallization in an
evaporator is employed to determine the optimum conditions for the recovery of flux
from the salty slag.
C1 Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34210 Istanbul, Turkey.
C3 Yildiz Technical University
RP Saridede, MN (corresponding author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn,
Davutpasa Campus, TR-34210 Istanbul, Turkey.
EM saridede@yildiz.edu.tr
RI Saridede, Muhlis Nezihi/C-5302-2019; Hazar Yoruç, Afife
Binnaz/GLV-0870-2022; Çiğdem, Mustafa/AAZ-4431-2020
OI Saridede, Muhlis Nezihi/0000-0003-1036-1339; Hazar Yoruç, Afife
Binnaz/0000-0001-7281-2305; Çiğdem, Mustafa/0000-0002-2966-6506
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NR 22
TC 13
Z9 19
U1 5
U2 28
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0371-0459
J9 SCAND J METALL
JI Scand. J. Metall.
PD JUN
PY 2005
VL 34
IS 3
BP 213
EP 219
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0692.2005.00732
PG 7
GA 932FN
UT WOS:000229539700004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU van de Wouw, PMF
Loginova, E
Florea, MVA
Brouwers, HJH
AF van de Wouw, P. M. F.
Loginova, E.
Florea, M. V. A.
Brouwers, H. J. H.
TI Compositional modelling and crushing behaviour of MSWI bottom ash
material classes
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Coarse MSWI bottom ash; Crushing; Material classes; Composition; Model
ID WASTE INCINERATION MSWI; FLY-ASH; PYROLYSIS/MELTING TREATMENT; ALUMINUM
RECOVERY; RESOURCE RECOVERY; MUNICIPAL; CONCRETE; AGGREGATE; SLAG;
FRACTIONS
AB At present, in Europe, 18 million tonnes of MSWI Bottom Ash (BA) is annually
stockpiled or used in low-grade applications (e.g. in road bases). Therefore,
alternative applications, such as aggregate or as a cement component in concrete,
are stimulated. Physical and chemical characteristics remaining after treatment,
however, prevent its extensive application in building materials. Hence, knowledge
is needed on the distinct properties of the material classes making up a
heterogeneous BA, enabling the assessment of its characteristics and the resulting
applicability. Furthermore, a user-friendly composition assessment procedure is
necessary to evaluate the output of physical treatment processes. Crushing is a
commonly applied treatment and its effect on the material classes comprising BA is
still unknown. In this paper, the latter are identified and classified into slag,
magnetic slag, glass, refractory, metals, and unburned material classes. The
individual characteristics of each material class are identified and a suitable
tracer for tracking these classes in heterogeneous samples is defined. Furthermore,
a fast method to quantify the distribution of material classes based just on the
oxide composition is developed and applied to approximate the changes in the
configuration of BA through crushing. It is concluded that, although the jaw
crushing of BA results in a more homogeneous distribution, beneficiation of
material classes occurs and selective crushing is possible in order to improve the
quality of the BA and therefore its subsequent application. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [van de Wouw, P. M. F.; Loginova, E.; Florea, M. V. A.; Brouwers, H. J. H.]
Eindhoven Univ Technol, Unit Bldg Phys & Serv, Dept Built Environm, POB 513, NL-
5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
C3 Eindhoven University of Technology
RP van de Wouw, PMF (corresponding author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Unit Bldg Phys
& Serv, Dept Built Environm, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
EM p.m.f.v.d.wouw@tue.nl
RI Loginova, Elena/AAF-3265-2021
OI van de Wouw, Perry/0000-0003-1870-472X; Brouwers,
Jos/0000-0002-8291-5444
FU NWO/TTW-foundation [13318]; Mineralz; Attero; ENCI; v.d. Bosch Beton;
Struyk Verwo; CRH Europe Sustainable Concrete Centre
FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the NWO/TTW-foundation
(project 13318, Development of eco-concretes by using industrial
by-products), Mineralz, Attero, ENCI, v.d. Bosch Beton, Struyk Verwo,
and CRH Europe Sustainable Concrete Centre for their provision of
material, knowledge and financial support in this project, as well as to
the Cement-Concrete- Immobilisates sponsor group at TU Eindhoven:
Rijkswaterstaat Grote Projecten en Onderhoud, Graniet-Import Benelux,
Kijlstra Betonmortel, Rijkswaterstaat Zee en Delta - District Noord,
BTE, Selor, GMB, Geochem Research, Icopal, BN International, Eltomation,
Knauf Gips, Hess MC Systems, Kronos, Joma, Cement&BetonCentrum, Heros,
Inashco (chronological order of joining).
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NR 98
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 30
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
EI 1879-2456
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 101
BP 268
EP 282
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.013
PG 15
GA JR6XU
UT WOS:000499766600028
PM 31634813
OA Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Ueda, M
Amemiya, M
Ishikawa, T
Ohtsuka, T
AF Ueda, M
Amemiya, M
Ishikawa, T
Ohtsuka, T
TI Recovery of aluminum alloy from aluminum dress by treatment of
chloride-fluoride mixture melt
SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum dross; molten salts; recycle; chloride-fluoride melts;
separation technique
AB A new process for recovery of aluminum from aluminum dress was developed. The
aluminum dress which is obtained as a by-product during casting process of aluminum
alloy contains aluminum alloy and oxides of various metals including aluminum
oxide. The process consists of two stages: (1) Separation of the aluminum alloy
from the oxides by difference in density between the alloy and the oxide in molten
salts. (2) Dissolution of oxides into molten salts, and electrolysis of the molten
salts to form metallic aluminum from the oxide. This paper is concerned with the
first stage for the separation of the aluminum alloy from the oxides by using
BaCl2-NaCl-NaF melts. The aluminum alloy completely separates from the oxides in
the melts at concentrations of BaCl2 higher than 33.3 mol%, in which the liquid
aluminum alloy floats up and the oxides sink down. From a 30 g dress sample, amount
of about 24 g of aluminum alloy has been recovered. The remaining oxides contains
aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide and iron oxide. From the aluminum
oxide dissolved in the melt, metallic aluminum is formed by electrolysis in a
subsequent stage.
C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan.
C3 Hokkaido University
RP Ueda, M (corresponding author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido
0608628, Japan.
CR Ye JA, 1996, MATER T JIM, V37, P170, DOI 10.2320/matertrans1989.37.170
NR 1
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 12
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN
SN 0021-4876
EI 1880-6880
J9 J JPN I MET
JI J. Jpn. Inst. Met.
PD MAR
PY 1999
VL 63
IS 3
BP 279
EP 283
DI 10.2320/jinstmet1952.63.3_279
PG 5
GA 198DR
UT WOS:000080407900001
OA Green Submitted, Bronze
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Anawati, J
Azimi, G
AF Anawati, John
Azimi, Gisele
TI Integrated carbothermic smelting - Acid baking - Water leaching process
for extraction of scandium, aluminum, and iron from bauxite residue
LA English
DT Article
DE Bauxite residue; Carbothermic smelting; Acid baking; Water leaching;
Thermal desulfation; Closed-loop process
ID RED MUD; RARE-EARTHS; RECOVERY; REDUCTION; DECOMPOSITION; BEHAVIOR;
SLAGS; TECHNOLOGIES; SEPARATION; METALS
AB A closed-loop valorization process, combining carbothermic smelting and acid
baking - water leaching was developed to recover scandium, aluminum, and iron from
bauxite residue, a major side product of aluminum production. This process employs
carbothermic smelting to recover 99% of the iron in the starting residue as crude
metallic iron, which can be separated from slag that contains aluminum and
scandium. Composition of slag was found to be primarily dependent on the smelting
temperature and amount of smelting flux added. At high smelting temperatures (1600
degrees C), sodium was found to evaporate from slag, potentially enabling sodium
separation and recovery. The slag was treated by acid baking - water leaching, to
convert scandium and aluminum to soluble sulfate species, allowing recovery. The
single-pass acid baking - water leaching was optimized to achieve 99% scandium and
47% aluminum extraction by employing sulfuric acid at a ratio of 1.25 g(H2SO4)/g,
baking at 150 degrees C for 2 h, and water leaching at ratio of 7.5 mL(H2O)/g for
210 min. The production of solid leaching residue was avoided by employing thermal
desulfation at 1400 degrees C to remove 84% of leaching residue sulfur content
thereby potentially allowing regeneration of sulfuric acid for acid baking and
producing a recycled smelting flux that would reduce reagent consumption and would
allow recapturing the scandium and aluminum not recovered during leaching. This
closed-loop process enables efficient and sustainable recovery of scandium, iron,
and aluminum from bauxite residue, and constitutes first steps in an integrated
process for sustainable valorization of bauxite residue, supporting efforts to
develop a zero-waste economy.
C1 [Anawati, John; Azimi, Gisele] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Lab
Strateg Mat, 200 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
[Azimi, Gisele] Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 184 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S
3E4, Canada.
C3 University of Toronto; University of Toronto
RP Azimi, G (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Lab
EM g.azimi@utoronto.ca
OI Anawati, John/0000-0002-3550-5004
FU Rio Tinto [507623]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC) [507688]
FX & nbsp;The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Rio
Tinto (No. 507623) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
of Canada (NSERC) (No. 507688) . Also, Rio Tinto is gratefully
acknowledged for providing us with bauxite residue samples and for
technical support. We thank Mr. Luc Fortin, Mr. Simon Bergeron, and Dr.
Sebastien Fortin from Rio Tinto for their collaboration throughout the
project and for carefully reading and commenting on the manuscript. We
thank Mr. Brohath Amrithraj for assisting with the some of the
ex-periments. We thank Dr. Jihye Kim for help with EPMA, Mr. Sal Boccia
for help with SEM-EDS, and Dr. Raiden Acosta for help with XRD and
Alkali Fusion.
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NR 73
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 7
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD JAN 1
PY 2022
VL 330
AR 129905
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129905
PG 15
& Ecology
GA 0G6TE
UT WOS:000778174300004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Mandal, AK
Sinha, OP
AF Mandal, Arup Kumar
Sinha, Om Prakash
TI Recovery of Multi-Metallic Components from Bottom Ash by Smelting
Reduction Under Plasma Environment
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINUM CARBOTHERMIC TECHNOLOGY
AB A new concept for maintaining inert atmosphere with high temperature - 1973 K
(1700 A degrees C) inside the furnace during smelting reduction was described, in
which recovery of metallic values from wastes was done in the presence of metal
bath which acts as a solvent. Nitrogen plasma arc was generated by passing current
and nitrogen gas through a hollow graphite electrode. In this way, the heat for
reduction reactions and melting of metal and slag phases under inert atmosphere was
maintained. The mixture of bottom ash and carbonaceous reducing agent was fed in
the form of pellets near the plasma zone above the liquid iron bath, used for the
absorption of reduced metals after reduction of oxides present in the wastes.
Percent recovery of metallic values and different consumption parameters were
calculated. It was observed that aluminum, iron, and silicon could be recovered
effectively from the wastes.
C1 [Mandal, Arup Kumar; Sinha, Om Prakash] IIT BHU, Dept Met Engn, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India.
C3 Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
Technology BHU Varanasi (IIT BHU Varanasi)
RP Mandal, AK (corresponding author), IIT BHU, Dept Met Engn, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India.
EM arup9180@yahoo.co.in
RI Sinha, Om Prakash/AAR-9542-2020; Mandal, Arup Kumar/N-1663-2017
OI Mandal, Arup Kumar/0000-0003-3268-1720
CR Bai GH, 2010, T NONFERR METAL SOC, V20, pS169, DOI 10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60034-9
Bruno MJ, 2003, LIGHT MET, P395
Geetha S, 2010, WASTE MANAGE, V30, P1528, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.03.027
Mandal A. K., 2014, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A
(Civil, Architectural, Environmental and Agricultural Engineering), V95, P277, DOI
10.1007/s40030-014-0100-0
Mandal A.K., 2014, P INT C MULT MAT STR, P22
Myklebust H, 2005, LIGHT MET, P519
PICKLES CA, 1990, CAN METALL QUART, V29, P193
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SINHA OP, 1993, ISIJ INT, V33, P903, DOI 10.2355/isijinternational.33.903
Wang Y., 2010, Patent No. [CN 101632958 A, 101632958]
NR 11
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1073-5615
EI 1543-1916
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 1
BP 19
EP 22
DI 10.1007/s11663-015-0484-x
PG 4
Engineering
GA DB7JX
UT WOS:000368692300004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Selvaraj, J
Varun, VS
Vignesh
Vishwam, V
AF Selvaraj, J.
Varun, V. S.
Vignesh
Vishwam, Vishnu
BE Xavior, MA
Yarlagadda, PKDV
TI Waste heat recovery from metal casting and scrap preheating using
recovered heat
SO 12TH GLOBAL CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURING AND MANAGEMENT (GCMM - 2014)
SE Procedia Engineering
LA English
CT 12th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management (GCMM)
CY DEC 08-10, 2014
CL VIT Univ, Vellore, INDIA
HO VIT Univ
DE Metal casting; Environment; Scrap preheating; Energy saving; Cost
reduction; Productivity improvement
ID ALUMINUM
AB In metal casting, after solidification of the molten metal in the mold cavity,
the knocked out casting has heat energy stored it and is wasted into atmosphere as
the casting cools down in the shop floor. If this heat energy can be absorbed by
the raw materials by a suitable arrangement, it will reduce energy consumption
during melting, resulting in savings in economy and environment. This paper
discusses an innovative approach to implement such a methodology. In a basic set
up, when this preheating was achieved, the scrap was found to take 2.83 % less
energy than it would take to melt without this preheating set up. This technique
has been improvised by keeping aluminum powder in between the scrap and the hot
casting to have better heat recovery, resulting in an increase of heat recovery to
the tune of 5.7 %. When this savings are applied to global castings produced, which
run into millions, the total energy and emissions saved amounts to a substantial
figure. The calculations indicate energy savings as high as 419 GWh, which
translates roughly to Rs 377 crores a year for Indian foundries in one year. (C)
2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Selvaraj, J.; Varun, V. S.; Vignesh; Vishwam, Vishnu] Amrita Vishwa Vidya
Peetham, Dept Mech Engn, Coimbatore 641112, Tamil Nadu, India.
C3 Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore
RP Selvaraj, J (corresponding author), Amrita Vishwa Vidya Peetham, Dept Mech Engn,
Coimbatore 641112, Tamil Nadu, India.
EM j_selvaraj@cb.amrita.edu
CR [Anonymous], CARB FOOT PRINT CALC
Aweda JO, 2009, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V209, P1477, DOI
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.071
Begum RA, 2009, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V53, P582, DOI
10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.009
Boomsma K, 2001, INT J HEAT MASS TRAN, V44, P827, DOI 10.1016/S0017-
9310(00)00123-X
Casting Modern, 2011, 46 CENS WORLD CAST P
DoE-USA, 2008, WAST HEAT REC TECHN
EPA, 2007, EN TRENDS SEL MAN SE
Florez JPM, 2011, J HEAT TRANSFER
Gandhewar V.R., 2011, Int. J. Eng. Technol, V3, P277
Li GJ, 2008, ECOL INDIC, V8, P75, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.007
PARIONA MM, 2005, J BRAZ SOC MECH SCI, V27, P399
Sun HC, 2007, J HEAT TRANS-T ASME, V129, P595, DOI 10.1115/1.2709975
Wiedmann T, 2006, ECOL ECON, V56, P28, DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.05.012
Zhang H, 2013, APPL ENERG, V112, P956, DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.019
ZHENG JL, 2011, STUDY ECOLOGIC NETWO, V5, P1987, DOI DOI
10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2011.03.342
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 9
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7058
J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER
PY 2014
VL 97
BP 267
EP 276
DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.250
PG 10
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing
SC Engineering
GA BE2JQ
UT WOS:000369433200034
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Teodorescu, R
Roman, M
Tociu, C
Gheorghe, M
Crisan, A
AF Teodorescu, R.
Roman, M.
Tociu, C.
Gheorghe, M.
Crisan, A.
TI THE TECHNOLOGY FOR ALUMINIUM RECOVERY FROM VARIOUS Al SLAG, FOR
ENVIRONMENT DEPOLUTION
SO METALURGIA INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Al slag; dross; Al sulfate; leaching process; coagulants
AB The paper presents the results of researches which were carried out into the
CEEX program for establish a new and unpolluted technology for total recovery of Al
from slag, dross and ashes which are forming at the smelting in the furnaces of the
secondary Al wastes in the smaller and medium capacity foundry.
The experiments watched to establish:- a clean technology for processing of slag
with a content in A 1 over 35%; - the optimal work parameters; - the flow sheet of
the technological process; - the inertization of technological residues resulted in
process by immobilization in siliceous matrix for ecological warehousing;
The leaching testes of siliceous materials show the capacity of irreversible
blocking of the metals in the structure of matrix /7/.
C1 [Teodorescu, R.; Roman, M.] Natl Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR, Bucharest,
Romania.
[Tociu, C.] Natl Inst Environm Protect ICIM, Bucharest, Romania.
[Gheorghe, M.] Tech Univ Civil Engn, Bucharest, Romania.
[Crisan, A.] Transilvania Univ Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
C3 Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest (UTCB);
Transylvania University of Brasov
RP Teodorescu, R (corresponding author), Natl Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR,
Bucharest, Romania.
RI Tociu, Carmen/AAB-8136-2019
OI Tociu, Carmen/0000-0002-4137-6456
FU Romanian Ministry of Education and Research [CEEX 53/2005]
FX Aauthors wish to express their gratitude to "The Romanian Ministry of
Education and Research" for their financial support on these project
CEEX 53/2005.
CR AMER AM, 2002, JOM NOV
AYHAN S, 1997, J CHEM TECH BIOTECHN, V69, P240
Gheorghe M, 2007, REV ROM MATER, V37, P94
TEODORESCU R, 2007, 10 NAT C MET VARN BU
6238633
5102453
NR 6
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 8
PU EDITURA STIINTIFICA FMR
PI BUCHAREST
PA CALEA GRIVITEI, NR 83, SECTOR 1, O P 12, BUCHAREST, 010705, ROMANIA
SN 1582-2214
J9 METAL INT
JI Metal. Int.
PY 2009
VL 14
BP 131
EP 134
PG 4
GA 430PQ
UT WOS:000265001400032
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kevorkijan, V
AF Kevorkijan, V
TI Evaluating the aluminum content of pressed dross
SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB Pressing of skimmed hot drosses in a press is a very popular technology for
cooling hot dross and obtaining the maximum in-house recovery of aluminum alloy. As
a result of the pressing action, part of the molten aluminum alloy is squeezed out,
while the rest of the free metal remains in the pressed skulls. Thus, pressed
skulls are a valuable waste product, consisting of 30-70 wt.% free aluminum. Other
constituents are aluminum oxide and oxides of alloying metals. Pressed skulls are
generally valued on a free-metal recovery basis, which necessarily involves
practical determination of their free aluminum content. Because most analytical
methods are limited to the laboratory level and representative sub-samples, there
is a practical interest in developing a routine, cost-effective, and non-
destructive method to predict the free aluminum content in entire pressed skulls,
based on their density. To develop such a method, a relation between the bulk
density porosity. and free aluminum content of pressed skulls was established. This
article offers a review of those experiments and an analysis of their results.
C1 Independent Res Inc, Limbus 2341, Slovenia.
RP Kevorkijan, V (corresponding author), Independent Res Inc, Lackova 139, Limbus
2341, Slovenia.
EM kevorkijan.varuzan@amis.net
CR Bohlinger I., 1997, JOM, V47, P48
Davis J.R., 1998, ALUMINUM ALUMINUM AL
Gripenberg H, 1995, RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, 3RD
Pawlek R. P., 2000, LIGHT MET AGE, V58, P80
Peterson RD, 2000, FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND
Schirk PG, 1997, LIGHT METALS 1997, P1163
Zeng D., 2000, ALUMINIUM, V76, P27
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S
JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2002
VL 54
IS 2
BP 34
EP 36
DI 10.1007/BF02701070
PG 3
GA 521AZ
UT WOS:000173817200007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Qu, GR
Li, B
Wei, YG
AF Qu, Guorui
Li, Bo
Wei, Yonggang
TI A novel approach for the recovery and cyclic utilization of valuable
metals by co-smelting spent lithium-ion batteries with copper slag
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Spent LIBs; Copper slag; Recycle; Co -treatment; Pyrometallurgy
ID IRON; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; REMOVAL; NICKEL; GLASS
AB Achieving efficient and low-cost recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
is of great significance to the sustainable development of the clean energy
industry and energy metal resources. This study developed a cosmelting process for
the simultaneous recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs and copper slag by
using copper slag as the only flux, CaCl2 as the chlorine donor, and anode graphite
and aluminium foil in spent LIBs as reductants. Co, Cu, Ni and Fe from spent LIBs
and copper slag are recovered in the form of alloys. The Li is transferred from the
slag to the gas phase through the chlorination reaction, which efficiently
separates and enriches Li during the co-smelting process. Under the optimized
conditions, the recoveries of Co, Cu, Ni and Fe were 99.13 %, 98.04 %, 99.30 % and
97.98 %, respectively, and the Li volatilization rate was 97.86 %. The influences
of the processing parameters on the metal recovery and Li volatilization rate were
assessed. The reaction mechanism was elucidated based on thermodynamics and phase
transitions. In addition, a strategy for the preparation of high value-added
products from the smelted products was provided. Lithium-containing dust can be
used to prepare battery grade Li2CO3, and smelting slag can be used to prepare
glass ceramics. The proposed co-smelting process is feasible for the comprehensive
recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs and copper slag, and thus, it has good
application prospects and advantages. Meanwhile, the problem of difficulty in
lithium recovery in the traditional process is solved.
C1 [Qu, Guorui; Li, Bo; Wei, Yonggang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab
Complex Nonferrous Met Resources Cl, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Li, Bo; Wei, Yonggang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Res Ctr Met Energy
Conservat & Emiss Reduct, Minist Educ, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Qu, Guorui; Li, Bo; Wei, Yonggang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Kunming University of
Science & Technology; Kunming University of Science & Technology
RP Wei, YG (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab
EM weiygcp@kust.edu.cn
RI Wei, Yonggang/AAG-8709-2019
OI Qu, Guorui/0000-0003-2655-272X
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52064033]; Key Project of
Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province [202101AS070025]; Analysis and
Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology
[2021P20201102003]
FX Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (52064033) ; the Key Project of Basic Research
Program of Yunnan Province (202101AS070025) and the Analysis and Testing
Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology
(2021P20201102003) .
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NR 53
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 21
U2 92
PI LAUSANNE
SN 1385-8947
EI 1873-3212
J9 CHEM ENG J
JI Chem. Eng. J.
PD JAN 1
PY 2023
VL 451
AR 138897
DI 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138897
EA SEP 2022
PN 3
PG 11
SC Engineering
GA 4W9LL
UT WOS:000860476100003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Liu, FQ
Lv, H
Zuo, ZP
Xie, MZ
Li, RB
Zhao, HL
AF Liu, Fengqin
Lv, Han
Zuo, Zhengping
Xie, Mingzhuang
Li, Rongbin
Zhao, Hongliang
TI A Denitrification-Phase Transition and Protection Rings (DPP) Process
for Recycling Electrolytic Aluminum Dross
LA English
DT Article
DE electrolytic aluminum dross; dissolution behavior; anode protection
rings; denitrification; thermal decomposition
ID HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESS; BLACK DROSS; RECOVERY; HYDROLYSIS;
GAMMA-AL2O3; DISSOLUTION; MANAGEMENT; HYDROXIDES; BAYERITE; BOEHMITE
AB The continuous growth of the aluminum electrolysis industry has produced large
amounts of electrolytic aluminum dross (EAD) as a waste product, which lacks proper
recycling methods and poses serious environmental pollution risks. A short and
clean process for recycling EAD is proposed involving the preparation of anode
protection rings, which can effectively reduce the corrosion of anode steel stubs,
improve the quality of molten aluminum, and return to aluminum reduction cells for
recycling alumina and fluoride after being broken. The phase transition path of
Al(OH)(3) in denitrified EAD by thermal decomposition was bayerite -> boehmite ->
gamma-Al2O3 -> alpha-Al2O3. The calcination temperature should be controlled at
600-800 degrees C for 2 h to obtain a higher content of activated gamma-Al2O3. The
average dissolution rate of denitrified EAD in the aluminum electrolyte was 7.33
times higher than that before denitrification treatment. After using EAD anode
protection rings, the corrosion rate of anode steel stubs decreased by 67.7% on
average. Furthermore, the iron and silicon contents in the molten aluminum were
reduced by 18.57% and 6.25%, respectively. The alumina consumption for producing
primary aluminum was reduced by 8.14 kg.t(-1). The experimental results suggest
that the proposed process is economical and promising for EAD recycling.
C1 [Liu, Fengqin; Lv, Han; Zuo, Zhengping; Xie, Mingzhuang; Li, Rongbin; Zhao,
Hongliang] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083,
Peoples R China.
[Liu, Fengqin; Lv, Han; Zuo, Zhengping; Xie, Mingzhuang; Li, Rongbin; Zhao,
Hongliang] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples
R China.
Technology Beijing
RP Zhao, HL (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv
Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Zhao, HL (corresponding author), Univ Sci &
EM zhaohl@ustb.edu.cn
RI Xie, Mingzhuang/AAR-7696-2021
Program of China (2019YFC1908403).
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NR 38
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 32
PI WASHINGTON
SN 2168-0485
PD OCT 18
PY 2021
VL 9
IS 41
BP 13751
EP 13760
DI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04380
EA OCT 2021
PG 10
GA WL2WL
UT WOS:000710271700007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Capuzzi, S
Kvithyld, A
Timelli, G
Nordmark, A
Gumbmann, E
Engh, TA
AF Capuzzi, Stefano
Kvithyld, Anne
Timelli, Giulio
Nordmark, Arne
Gumbmann, Eva
Engh, Thorvald Abel
TI Coalescence of Clean, Coated, and Decoated Aluminum for Various Salts,
and Salt-Scrap Ratios
SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum alloy scrap; Salt flux; Coalescence; Decoating; Recycling
ID BEVERAGE CANS; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; FURNACE; RECYCLE; ALLOYS; DROPS;
SLAGS
AB In a rotary furnace for aluminum recycling and dross treatment, a salt flux
covers the molten metal to prevent new oxidation and to capture oxides, and
impurities contained in the scrap. Furthermore, the salt must promote the
coalescence of the metal drops trapped in the dross. This work deals with the
coalescence of aluminum droplets obtained by melting scrap with different impurity
contents under salt fluxes characterized by various compositions. The scrap was
stamped out from AA3000 coil with and without coating in the form of disks. One
hundred disks, covered by molten flux, were melted in a ceramic crucible placed in
an induction furnace at 790 degrees C. Thermal decoating treatments at various
temperatures, i.e., 400, 500 and 600 degrees C, were performed to reduce the amount
of impurities on the scrap surface. Two salts already used in industry were
compared with an experimental one. The salts are here referred to as (1) Industrial
salt (2) Recycled salt and (3) Cryolite salt, respectively. CaF2 was added to the
Industrial and to the Recycled salts while the experimental one, Cryolite salt,
contained Na3AlF6, as suggested by the name. The amount of salt ranged from 0 to 4
times the mass of the scrap. The coalescence efficiency has been evaluated through
a factor that ranges from zero (no coalescence) to more than 20 (all drops coalesce
to one big drop) considering the fraction of coalesced drops, and their average
diameters. The coalescence behavior is negatively affected by the coating, but a
suitable decoating treatment and fluxing can lead to the coalescence of the
aluminum drops. A complete coalescence is achieved by melting clean disks under the
flux that contains cryolite, giving a coalescence factor of 21, while the drops do
not coalesce if CaF2 salt is added. The same results are obtained if coated disks
are decoated at a temperature higher than the combustion temperature of the
coating, i.e., 600 degrees C. Industrial salt gives a coalescence factor lower than
3, while Recycled salt gives a coalescence factor of 4. No positive effects are
obtained adding CaF2 amounts ranging between 2 and 6 wt%.
C1 [Capuzzi, Stefano; Timelli, Giulio] Univ Padua, Dept Management & Engn, I-36100
Vicenza, Italy.
[Kvithyld, Anne; Nordmark, Arne] SINTEF, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
[Gumbmann, Eva] HYDRO, N-3080 Holmestrand, Norway.
[Engh, Thorvald Abel] NTNU, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
C3 University of Padua; SINTEF
RP Capuzzi, S (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Management & Engn, I-36100
Vicenza, Italy.
EM capuzzi@gest.unipd.it; Anne.Kvithyld@sintef.no; timelli@gest.unipd.it;
Arne.Nordmark@sintef.no; Eva.Gumbmann@hydro.com;
thorvald.engh@material.ntnu.no
RI Timelli, Giulio/K-3892-2015
OI Timelli, Giulio/0000-0002-7549-6499
FU Erasmus
FX The authors acknowledge financial support from Erasmus, and for the
facilities and materials provided by SFI Metal Production and Hydro
Aluminum. The authors would particularly like to thank Erik Vullum
(SINTEF) for its support with the SEM micrographs, and Syverin Lierhagen
for its assistance with the ICP-MS analysis.
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Kvithyld A, 2008, JOM-US, V60, P47, DOI 10.1007/s11837-008-0107-y
Li N, 2013, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V47, P11734, DOI 10.1021/es4022552
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10.1080/10426914.2011.577867
8846(00)00272-6
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Shi ZM, 2005, CORROS SCI, V47, P2760, DOI 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.11.004
Sydykov A, 2002, LIGHT MET, P1045
Thoraval M., 2015, P EUR MET C DUSS GER
Tracton AA, 2006, COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, DOI [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.11.012, DOI
10.1016/J.PORGCOAT.2005.11.012]
Tsangaraki-Kaplanogloua I, 2006, SURF COAT TECH, V200, P3969, DOI
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.174
Wang MH, 2007, ENERG CONVERS MANAGE, V48, P819, DOI
10.1016/j.enconman.2006.09.008
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NR 32
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 66
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 2199-3823
EI 2199-3831
J9 J SUSTAIN METALL
JI J. SUST. METALL.
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 4
IS 3
BP 343
EP 358
DI 10.1007/s40831-018-0176-2
PG 16
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
GA GR5HN
UT WOS:000442659000004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wang, J
Bao, YH
Ma, R
Li, Y
Gong, L
Zhang, YT
Niu, ZR
Xin, BP
AF Wang, Jia
Bao, Yihui
Ma, Rui
Li, Yao
Gong, Lu
Zhang, Yongtao
Niu, Zhirui
Xin, Baoping
TI Gallium recovery from aluminum smelting slag via a novel combined
process of bioleaching and chemical methods
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Al-smelting slag; Bioleaching; Selective recovery of gallium; Milk of
lime
ID ELECTROPLATING SLUDGE; EXTRACTION; WASTE; METALS; ACID; RESOURCES;
INDUSTRY; VANADIUM; SULFUR
AB Smelting slag generally contains a large number of heavy metals. In this study,
the separation and selective recovery of gallium from aluminum smelting slag was
studied deeply. Processes for bioleaching and recovering gallium from aluminum
smelting slag have been executed. Under the condition of 2% pulp density, the Ga
dissolution reached 505 mg/L, with a Ga bioleaching efficiency close to 100%. Ion
exchange resin, fractionation precipitation, and milk of lime were assessed to test
their efficiency in the separation and selective recovery of Ga from bioleachate.
The results show ion exchange resin does not have selectivity to separate Ga from
metals based pregnant bioleachate. In addition, due to the similar properties
between Ga and Al elements, copercipitation reaction occurred, consequently
resulting in the failure of chemical fractionation precipitation to separate and
recover Ga. However, under the optimized experimental conditions, the milk of lime
technique yielded the maximum recovery of 60.6%, proving that the method is
superior to the first two methods. Therefore, a combined process development of
bioleaching and milk of lime can be considered high-efficiency, economically and
environmentally friendly for separating and selective recovery of Ga from aluminum
smelting slag.
C1 [Wang, Jia; Bao, Yihui; Ma, Rui; Li, Yao; Gong, Lu; Zhang, Yongtao; Niu, Zhirui;
Xin, Baoping] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R
China.
[Zhang, Yongtao; Niu, Zhirui] Yanan Univ, Sch Petr & Environm Engn, Yanan
C3 Beijing Institute of Technology; Yanan University
RP Xin, BP (corresponding author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn,
Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM xinbaoping@bit.edu
RI 牛, 志睿/GXN-0645-2022; ma, rui/JGE-4890-2023
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21777007]; Beijing Natural
Science Foundation [8172042]; Shandong Foundation of Sciences and
Technology for Environment Protection [20131041016]
FX We highly appreciate financial support from National Natural Science
Foundation of China (21777007), Beijing Natural Science Foundation
(8172042) and Shandong Foundation of Sciences and Technology for
Environment Protection (20131041016).
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NR 34
TC 9
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 44
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0304-386X
EI 1879-1158
J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 177
BP 140
EP 145
DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.03.009
PG 6
GA GK5KD
UT WOS:000436213100018
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Sydykov, A
Friedrich, B
Arnold, A
AF Sydykov, A
Friedrich, B
Arnold, A
BE Schneider, WA
TI Impact of parameter changes on the aluminum recovery in a rotary kiln
SE LIGHT METALS
LA English
CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting
CY FEB 17-21, 2002
CL SEATTLE, WA
AB The remelting process of a coarse metal fraction in a rotary kiln was
investigated to research the effects of salt flux quantity, fluoride addition,
aluminum oxide content, temperature and rotation speed of kiln on metal yield, salt
slag properties and its constitution.
The metal recovery of the aluminum scrap remelting in a short rotary kiln is
stromg influenced by metal losses in salt slags due to the lack of coalescence of
dispersed droplets.
The effects of fluoride type and concentration, kind of aluminum alloy and
temperature on the coalescence of aluminum droplets in salt flux was investigated.
In order to explain the observed behaviour of CaF2, the polythermic section of the
ternary system NaCl-KCl-CaF2 related to salt fluxes was studied.
Flour ion is discussed as an active constituent of salt melts promoting the
coalescence and also affecting the interfacial tension between aluminum and flux.
C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME, Inst Proc Met & Met
Recycling, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
RP Sydykov, A (corresponding author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH
Aachen, IME, Inst Proc Met & Met Recycling, Intzestr 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
RI Friedrich, Bretislav/ABI-7404-2020
OI Friedrich, Bretislav/0000-0002-1299-4239; Friedrich, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.
h.c. Bernd/0000-0002-2934-2034
CR ANOSOV VJ, 1976, BASICS PHYSICOCHEMIC, P242
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NR 26
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-519-0
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2002
BP 1045
EP 1052
PG 8
GA BU35M
UT WOS:000175748000148
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Xiao, Y
Reuter, M
Vonk, P
Vonken, J
Orbon, H
Probst, T
Boin, U
AF Xiao, Y
Reuter, M
Vonk, P
Vonken, J
Orbon, H
Probst, T
Boin, U
BE Stewart, DL
Daley, JC
Stephens, RL
TI Experimental study on aluminum scrap recycling
SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED
MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered
Materials
CY OCT 22-25, 2000
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
AB Although secondary aluminum industry is well established in the world, the
recycling process still requires further development to adequately control the
process for a higher aluminum yield and a better product quality. In the present
paper, recyclabilities of different aluminum scraps have been experimentally
studied. Four types of commercial scraps were characterized and melted at 800 - 900
degreesC to recover aluminum metal with the protection salt flux of NaCl-KCl-
Na3AlF6 under nitrogen atmosphere. According to the results, the difficulty of
recycling aluminum scrap depends on the cleanness and the ratio of surface area to
body volume. More non-metallic contaminates and higher ratio of surface area to
body volume usually led to a lower metal yield. Usually cast ingots gave better
results than rolling mill cuttings under similar conditions. Bottle caps can be
recycled more easily than the margarine foil. The effect of temperature was not as
significant as the composition of salt flux. The addition of cryolite was essential
for a better metal recovery, especially for the scraps with higher surface area.
C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci, NL-2628 RX Delft, Netherlands.
RP Xiao, Y (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci,
Mijnbouwstr 120, NL-2628 RX Delft, Netherlands.
RI Reuter, Markus A/D-2839-2015
OI Reuter, Markus A/0000-0003-0500-4863; Voncken, Jack/0000-0002-1266-6198
CR CAMPBELL MC, 1996, NONFERROUS METALS RE
Henstock ME., 1996, The recycling of non-ferrous metals
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ROY RR, 1993, LIGHT MET, P1067
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NR 12
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-494-1
PY 2000
BP 1075
EP 1087
PG 5
WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering;
Materials Science
GA BU95E
UT WOS:000177472600093
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Roy, RR
Ye, J
Sahai, Y
AF Roy, RR
Ye, J
Sahai, Y
TI Viscosity and density of molten salts based on equimolar NaCl-KCl
SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS JIM
LA English
DT Article
DE molten salts; viscosity; density; measurement techniques; aluminum
melting; recycling
AB Aluminum scrap is melted under a cover of salt flux. During melting, the salt
becomes progressively viscous and dense as the oxide film stripped from the metal
is suspended in the flux. The increase in viscosity and density decreases the
coalescence ability of flux and, hence, decreases the metal recovery. The viscosity
and density of ternary molten salts relevant to recycling of aluminum scrap were
measured in this study. The kinematic viscosity of the ternary salts varied between
0.71 x 10(-6) to 0.96 x 10(-6) m(2)/s at 1013 K. The density of the molten salts
increased by the addition of fluorides.
RP Roy, RR (corresponding author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,116 W 19TH
AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA.
CR ABRAMOV GA, 1953, THEORETICAL PRINCIPL
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NR 27
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 26
PU JAPAN INST METALS
PI SENDAI
PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI 980, JAPAN
SN 0916-1821
J9 MATER T JIM
JI Mater. Trans. JIM
PD JUN
PY 1997
VL 38
IS 6
BP 566
EP 570
DI 10.2320/matertrans1989.38.566
PG 5
Engineering
GA XL133
UT WOS:A1997XL13300011
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU GRIESHABER, KW
PHILIPP, CT
BENNETT, GF
AF GRIESHABER, KW
PHILIPP, CT
BENNETT, GF
TI PROCESS FOR RECYCLING SPENT POTLINER AND ELECTRIC-ARC FURNACE DUST INTO
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS USING OXYGEN ENRICHMENT
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
CT 1994 Annual Gulf Coast Environmental Conference: Priorities in Pollution
Prevention
CY 1994
CL BEAUMONT, TX
AB This paper discusses the Enviroscience, Inc. (ESI) process for recycling
hazardous wastes by extractive metallurgy followed by vitrification of non-
reducible metal oxides. In this process, volatile and reducible metals are
reclaimed as their respective oxides and elements. Non-reducible metal oxides are
converted into a man-made vitreous fiber identical in chemical content to mineral
wool fiber known as rock or slag wool. The project discussed here involved aluminum
plant and steel plant recycling of potliner and EAF dust into commercial products.
Potliner (K088) is produced by primary aluminum plants. The annual waste
generation rate is 130,000 tons/year. Electric Arc furnace dust (K061) is produced
by 76 steel companies and the annual generation rate is estimated to be 600,000
tons/year.
An 18-inch I.D. (pilot plant scale) countercurrent mineral wool type shaft
furnace was used in the project. The feed was spent potliner and electric arc
furnace dust. The pilot plant results were 1) cyanide consumption as a reductant:
96.89% to 99.55%, 2) fluoride utilization: 69.2% to 89.50%, 3) zinc recovery:
96.54% to 97.76%, 4) cadmium recovery: 99.47% to 99.99%, 5) lead recovery : 97.98%.
to 99.41%, 6) slag (fiber) recovery: 49.33% to 64.31%, 7) iron recovery: 95.12% to
96.93% in the iron and slag (fiber) products.
Oxygen enrichment tests conducted by Airco increased the furnace melt rate by
44.8% and reduced coke consumption (energy use) by 41.4%. No detectable levels of
NO2, N2O3, H2S, SO, or SO2 were found in limited emissions test. Oxygen enrichment
resulted in 66.3% fiber production. Analytical results on the enriched zinc oxide
iron and fiber products are comparable to prior tests conducted by Enviroscience.
As a result of these tests, extractive metallurgy combined with fiber production
(vitrification) has now been proven to be a cost-effective recycle process when
compared to thermal treatment, secure landfill disposal or standard HTMR processes.
The process provides for the production of commercial products from select
inorganic liquid, semi-solid, and solid hazardous wastes.
C1 ENVIROSCI INC,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71901.
UNIV TOLEDO,TOLEDO,OH 43606.
C3 University System of Ohio; University of Toledo
RP GRIESHABER, KW (corresponding author), MELT TECHNOL AIRCO GASES,MURRAY HILL,NJ,
USA.
CR GRIESHABER KW, 1993, PRODUCTION COMMERCIA
GRIESHABER KW, COMMUNICATION
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PHILIPP CT, Patent No. 5198190
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1992, WASHINGTON STATE DEP, V9258
1991, TIMA APR, P16
NR 9
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PY 1994
VL 14
IS 3-4
BP 267
EP 276
DI 10.1016/0956-053X(94)90072-8
PG 10
GA NZ089
UT WOS:A1994NZ08900010
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Tang, J
Liu, GH
Qi, TG
Zhou, QS
Peng, ZH
Li, XB
Yan, HQ
Hao, HJ
AF Tang, Jie
Liu, Guihua
Qi, Tiangui
Zhou, Qiusheng
Peng, Zhihong
Li, Xiaobin
Yan, Huaqian
Hao, Hongjie
TI Two-stage process for the safe utilization of secondary aluminum dross
in combination with the Bayer process
SO HYDROMETALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Secondary aluminum dross; Sodium aluminate solution; Hydrogen; Bayer
process; Alumina
ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACID DISSOLUTION; GAMMA-ALUMINA; RECOVERY; WASTE;
EXTRACTION; HYDROLYSIS; PRODUCTS
AB Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is a hazardous waste produced from Al
electrolysis, casting, and regeneration. A two-stage process for the safe
utilization of SAD was proposed by combining with the Bayer process liquor. In the
first stage, approximately 32%, 100%, and 27% of Al, Cl, and F, respectively, from
the reactive substances were dissolved into the saturated sodium aluminate
solution. A kinetic synergy with a considerable amount of SAD at high temperatures
led to an uncontainable reaction, and the frequent addition of SAD at a low dosage
was determined for the separation and utilization of H-2 and NH3. The inert
alumina-bearing compounds and CaF2, which accounted for 50% of the mass of SAD,
remained in the residue after the first stage. Efficient conversion of the inert
alumina-bearing compounds and elimination of impurities from the Bayer process were
both achieved by sintering at 1000 ? for 1 h in the second stage. An alumina
extraction efficiency of 99% was obtained at 85 ? after the as-prepared sinter was
leached into the saturated sodium aluminate solution. The saturated sodium
aluminate solution obtained in the two-stage process was incorporated into the
Bayer liquor to produce alumina. Furthermore, cl(-) and F- were removed by forming
sodalite in the desilication process and precipitating CaF2 in the dilute sodium
aluminate solution, respectively. Using this novel approach, an estimated 30,000
t/a of SAD has been processed in an alumina refinery in China since 2019. These
results provide a novel short process for the safe and efficient utilization of SAD
C1 [Tang, Jie; Liu, Guihua; Qi, Tiangui; Zhou, Qiusheng; Peng, Zhihong; Li,
Xiaobin] Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R
China.
[Yan, Huaqian; Hao, Hongjie] Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co Ltd, Wenshan 663099,
Yunnan, Peoples R China.
RP Liu, GH (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha
EM liugh303@csu.edu.cn
RI Liu, Gui/JHU-8707-2023; xuan, li/JNI-7432-2023; wang,
zhenhui/JMQ-0550-2023; ZHOU, Qiusheng/L-1904-2018
OI ZHOU, Qiusheng/0000-0003-0159-0041; Tang, Jie/0000-0001-5986-3837
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51874366]
FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Project No.51874366) .
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U2 51
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SN 0304-386X
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J9 HYDROMETALLURGY
JI Hydrometallurgy
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PY 2022
VL 209
AR 105836
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EA FEB 2022
PG 12
GA 0A8IW
UT WOS:000774192000007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Mao, KX
Li, L
Xu, M
AF Mao, Kai-xuan
Li, Lei
Xu, Miao
TI Iron and copper recovery from copper slags through smelting with waste
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SO JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
LA English
DT Article
DE copper slags; waste cathode carbon; oxidative desulfurization; smelting
reduction; iron and copper recovery; fluoride
ID SURFACE-TENSION; REDUCTION; TECHNOLOGY; MECHANISM
AB To recover metal from copper slags, a new process involving two steps of
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C1 [Mao, Kai-xuan; Li, Lei; Xu, Miao] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab
[Mao, Kai-xuan; Li, Lei; Xu, Miao] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn
Res Ctr Met Energy Conservat & Emiss Reduct, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R
China.
[Mao, Kai-xuan; Li, Lei; Xu, Miao] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
RP Li, L (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Complex
Nonferrous Met Resources Cl, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Li, L
(corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Met
Energy Conservat & Emiss Reduct, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Li, L
(corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming
650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM tianxiametal1008@163.com
FU [U1602272]; [2020-07-25]
FX Project(U1602272) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China Received date: 2020-04-15; Accepted date: 2020-07-25
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Z9 9
U1 2
U2 36
PU JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIV
PI HUNAN
PA EDITORIAL OFF, CHANGSHA, CHINA MAINLAND, HUNAN 410083, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 2095-2899
EI 2227-5223
J9 J CENT SOUTH UNIV
JI J. Cent. South Univ.
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 28
IS 7
BP 2010
EP 2021
DI 10.1007/s11771-021-4749-z
PG 12
GA UR6GI
UT WOS:000696845100009
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Loginova, IV
Kyrchikov, AV
Lebedev, VA
Ordon, SF
AF Loginova, I. V.
Kyrchikov, A. V.
Lebedev, V. A.
Ordon, S. F.
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srednetimanskoe deposit
SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NON-FERROUS METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE bauxite; alkali-aluminate solution; metastable state; iron ore; red
slime; blast-furnace smelting; naturally doped cast iron; zeolite;
complex processing
AB A new technology of processing raw materials with the use of active alkali is
suggested for bauxites of the Srednetimanskoe deposit; bauxite is opened at 300A
degrees C for 1 h. This technology makes it possible to increase the recovery of
alumina to 94-98% and obtain red slimes and zeolite enriched with iron (58%) and
titanium (4.8%); the environmental problem of storing red slimes is resolved. The
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cast iron and slag enriched with titanium and rare earth metals. When purifying
(desiliconizing) the aluminate solution, a valuable product-sodium aluminum
silicate hydrate of the zeolite type-is incidentally obtained.
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Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
C3 Ural Federal University
RP Loginova, IV (corresponding author), Ural Fed Univ, Ul Mira 19, Ekaterinburg
620002, Russia.
EM loginova_irina@mail.ru; akirchikov@yandex.ru; mlm@mail.ustu.ru;
ordon.sergey@mail.ru
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Z9 10
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U2 21
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PI NEW YORK
PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA
SN 1067-8212
J9 RUSS J NON-FERR MET+
JI Russ. J. Non-Ferrous Metals
PD MAR
PY 2013
VL 54
IS 2
BP 143
EP 147
DI 10.3103/S1067821213020089
PG 5
GA 142KV
UT WOS:000318797000005
OA Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YW
Zhang, YJ
Zhu, HX
Zhou, PX
Liu, S
Lei, XL
Li, YH
Li, B
Ning, P
AF Zhang, Yuwei
Zhang, Yingjie
Zhu, Hengxi
Zhou, Pengxiang
Liu, Shuai
Lei, Xiaoli
Li, Yanhong
Li, Bin
Ning, Ping
TI Life cycle assessment of pollutants and emission reduction strategies
based on the energy structure of the nonferrous metal industry in China
SO ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nonferrous metal industry; Pollutant emission; Life cycle assessment;
Carbon neutrality; Energy structure
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ALUMINUM
CYCLE; CO2; CONSUMPTION; SEPARATION; RECOVERY; COPPER; SCRAP
AB China is the largest producer and consumer of nonferrous metals in the world.
China's consumption has posed a severe challenge to " peak carbon emissions and
carbon neutrality " and "ecological civilization construction " goals of the 14th
Five-Year Plan. Therefore, this article selects the five most typical nonferrous
metal industries and analyses the energy structure through life cycle inventory
( "LCI "). Then, this article uses the life cycle assessment ( "LCA ") to
characterize, standardize, and weigh the environmental effects of the nonferrous
metal industry. The contribution of the characteristic value is mainly from high-
energy-consuming processes such as electrolysis and smelting. High-energy-consuming
proportions are approximately 80% and 10%, respectively. Of the results of the
standardized and weighted models, the most important environmental impact is
"global warming ". Based on the LCA results, we propose energy-saving and emission
reduction methods. The LCA model would support decisions aimed at achieving the
"peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality " and "reducing pollution and carbon
and coordinating governance strategic plan ". If these countermeasures are
effectively implemented, the emission reduction effect of environmental pollution
will reach 87.94%-99.12%. According to the economic evaluation, implementing an
emission reduction measure could create an economic value of RMB 1.35 x 10(13) per
year.
C1 [Zhang, Yuwei; Zhang, Yingjie; Zhu, Hengxi; Zhou, Pengxiang; Liu, Shuai; Lei,
Xiaoli; Li, Yanhong; Li, Bin; Ning, Ping] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Environm
Sci & Engn, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology
RP Li, B; Ning, P (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Environm
Sci & Engn, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China.
EM libin@kust.edu.cn; ningping58@126.com
RI li, yan/ITU-9719-2023; Wang, lili/IXD-9828-2023; li,
chunyuan/IQW-1618-2023; li, yang/IQV-3559-2023; li, yan/GTI-4638-2022;
sun, huan/IUN-8843-2023
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52060010]; National Key
Research and Development Program of China [2019YFC0214400]; Natural
Science Foundation of Yunnan Province [202001AT070088]; Young Top Talent
Project of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Program [206]; Analysis and
Testing Fund of Kunming University of Science and Technology
[2020M20192207064]
FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
[52060010] , National Key Research and Development Program of China
[2019YFC0214400] , Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province
[202001AT070088] , Young Top Talent Project of Yunnan Ten Thousand
Talents Program [Yunnan Social Communication [2019] No. 206] , Analysis
and Testing Fund of Kunming University of Science and Technology
[2020M20192207064] .
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Chen, M
AF Xu, Lei
Zhang, Dongye
Liu, Yang
Chen, Min
TI Iron Recovery from Waste Copper Slag by Using Coal and Secondary
Aluminum Dross as Co-Reductants
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID REDUCTION-MAGNETIC SEPARATION; SMELTING SLAG; SOLUBILITY; NA2CO3; MGO
AB In this work, a new and carbon-free reductant, i.e., secondary aluminum dross,
is used to replace coal to recycle valuable metals from copper slag by smelting
reduction. The influence of substitution ratio on slag properties and metal
recovery was investigated. The results show that the metal recovery is mainly
determined by the settlement of the generated metals after reduction because of the
rapid increase of slag viscosity. Although the viscosity of the final slag was 0.3-
0.4 Pa center dot s when using coal as the primary reductant at 1550 degrees C,
only 95.4% Fe was recovered because of the slag foaming effect. The viscosity was
still kept at an acceptable level at the substitution ratio of 50% but the foaming
phenomenon disappeared, leading to an almost complete recovery of iron (98.2%).
However, the final slags became extremely viscous with a further increase of
aluminum dross content, greatly impeding the separation of metal droplets.
C1 [Xu, Lei; Zhang, Dongye; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol
Met Multimetall Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Lei; Zhang, Dongye; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11
Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
C3 Northeastern University - China; Northeastern University - China
RP Xu, L (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimetall
Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.; Xu, L (corresponding
author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R
China.
EM xul@smm.neu.edu.cn; chenm@smm.neu.edu.cn
OI Xu, Lei/0000-0002-3598-1502
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [N2025030,
N2225028]
China (Grant Nos. 51804075 and 51974080) and the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities (Grant nos. N2025030 and N2225028).
CR Alter H, 2005, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V43, P353, DOI
10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.05.005
10.1179/037195510X12772935654945
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Shi JJ, 2022, JOM-US, V74, P668, DOI 10.1007/s11837-021-05049-3
Shi JJ, 2022, JOM-US, V74, P654, DOI 10.1007/s11837-021-05040-y
Wang DQ, 2020, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V162, DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105037
Wang HY, 2021, JOM-US, V73, P703, DOI 10.1007/s11837-020-04515-8
Yan ZM, 2017, METALL MATER TRANS B, V48, P1092, DOI 10.1007/s11663-016-0676-z
Yoon CM, 2018, METALL MATER TRANS B, V49, P2322, DOI 10.1007/s11663-018-1317-5
Zhang GZ, 2020, ISIJ INT, V60, P602, DOI 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2019-
173
Zhang GZ, 2018, STEEL RES INT, V89, DOI 10.1002/srin.201800272
2
Zhou SW, 2019, J CLEAN PROD, V217, P423, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.184
Zuo ZL, 2021, CHEM ENG J, V405, DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126671
NR 30
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 74
IS 5
BP 2029
EP 2036
DI 10.1007/s11837-022-05218-y
EA MAR 2022
PG 8
GA 0K9PM
UT WOS:000766073300001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Luo, K
Wang, Z
Meng, L
Guo, ZC
AF Luo, Kun
Wang, Zhe
Meng, Long
Guo, Zhancheng
TI Removal of iron for aluminum recovery from scrap aluminum alloy by
supergravity separation with manganese addition
SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Scrap aluminum; Iron removal; Intermetallic; Supergravity separation;
Manganese addition
ID CONTAINING INTERMETALLIC PHASES; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; INCLUSIONS;
MICROSTRUCTURE; MN
AB In this study, a novel method using supergravity separation with manganese
addition to remove iron for aluminum recovery from scrap aluminum alloy was
explored. The effects of separating temperature (T), Mn/Fe mass ratio, and gravity
coefficient (G) on iron separation efficiency were evaluated. Increasing the
separating temperature improved the Al yield but decreased Fe removal. The higher
Mn/Fe mass ratio resulted in a rise in Fe removal but a drop in Al yield, since Mn
addition transformed the needle-like p-AlFeSi to compact a-AlSiFeMn phase in
aluminum alloy. The gravity coefficient showed no effect on the Fe removal but
greatly influenced Al yield. At the optimal conditions of T = 670 degrees C,
Mn/Fe=1.0, and G = 500, the Fe removal and Al yield were well balanced at 60.4% and
82.5%, respectively, and the purity of recovered Al was 94.6 wt%. In addition, the
Scheil-Gulliver solidification model of the Thermo-Calc software was used to
calculate the solidification diagram and solidified phase fraction of scrap Al
alloy, and it was found that the addition of Mn altered the solidification path,
increased alloy solidification temperature, and promoted the formation of a-
AlSiFeMn phase in the melt, which was able to reduce the balanced content of iron
in the liquid phase.
C1 [Luo, Kun; Wang, Zhe; Meng, Long; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing,
State Key Lab Adv Met, 30 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Meng, Long] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, 1 Beier Tiao, Beijing 100190,
Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; Institute of Process
Engineering, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Wang, Z; Meng, L (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
Lab Adv Met, 30 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM zhewang@ustb.edu.cn; lmeng@ipe.ac.cn
RI 罗, 坤/AAV-6532-2021
OI 罗, 坤/0000-0002-5826-1612
[FRF-TP-20-018A3]; project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Metallurgy [41620012]
China (Grant Nos. 51704022 and 52004264) , the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. FRF-TP-20-018A3) , and the
project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy (Grant No.
41620012) .
CR Capuzzi S, 2018, METALS-BASEL, V8, DOI 10.3390/met8040249
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10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.010
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Liu T, 2020, INTERMETALLICS, V126, DOI 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106814
Lu HZ, 2017, METALS-BASEL, V7, DOI 10.3390/met7070262
Meng L, 2021, WASTE MANAGE, V119, P22, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.027
Pereira LH, 2018, MATER CHARACT, V145, P507, DOI 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.09.006
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7
Xiao T, 2020, J ALLOY COMPD, V819, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153006
Yang WC, 2015, T NONFERR METAL SOC, V25, P1704, DOI 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63776-
1
Zhang C, 2019, COMP MATER SCI, V167, P19, DOI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.05.022
Zhang F, 2020, J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF, V41, P793, DOI 10.1007/s11669-020-00834-0
Zhang LF, 2014, METALL MATER TRANS B, V45, P2153, DOI 10.1007/s11663-014-0123-y
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 6
U2 23
PI LAUSANNE
SN 0255-2701
EI 1873-3204
J9 CHEM ENG PROCESS
JI Chem. Eng. Process.
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 173
AR 108841
DI 10.1016/j.cep.2022.108841
EA FEB 2022
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 0V1YS
UT WOS:000788141500002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kale, M
Yilmaz, IH
Kaya, A
Çetin, AE
Söylemez, MS
AF Kale, Mehmet
Yilmaz, Ibrahim Halil
Kaya, Abdulaziz
Cetin, Ali Emrah
Soylemez, Mehmet Sait
TI Pilot-scale hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of black aluminum
dross without any catalyst
SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Secondary aluminum; Black dross; Hydrolysis; Hydrogen generation;
Resource recovery
ID WASTE ALUMINUM; RAW-MATERIAL; VALUABLE PRODUCTS; INDUSTRIAL-WASTE;
RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; POWDER; CANS
AB This study presents a sustainable method for the production of hydrogen gas
without adding any catalyst from the hydrolysis of black Al dross. A pilot-scale
experimental setup consisting of a reactor, a condenser, and control and
measurement devices was constructed to perform chemical reactions and physical
measurements. The dross used in experiments was not activated by any process and
can be found in facilities (Al production plants or die casting factories) with a
grain size lower than 400 mu m. The chemical composition revealed by XRF showed
that the black dross contained 41.96% Al. Major and minor crystalline phases
present in the sample were detected by XRD. A set of experiments was performed to
investigate the effects of gravimetric dross to water ratio, pH value, initial
water temperature, the pressure of the reaction mixture in time for H-2 synthesis.
120 L of gas were maximally produced after reacting 1 kg of Al dross with 2 kg of
hot tap water at 100 degrees C. The H-2 purity of the gas mixture and the calorific
value of the mixture were respectively measured by gas chromatography and gas
calorimeter as 93.24% and 2375 kcal/m(3). After hydrolysis of the Al dross, XRD,
SEM, and EDX analyses revealed the formation of hydrolysis products and their
morphology. This showed that the resultant mixture tends to become harmless and can
be used for various fields of the industry as a by-product.
C1 [Kale, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Halil] Adana Alparslan Turkes Sci & Technol Univ,
Dept Mech Engn, Adana, Turkey.
[Kaya, Abdulaziz] Gaziantep Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Gaziantep, Turkey.
[Cetin, Ali Emrah] Adana Alparslan Turkes Sci & Technol Univ, Dept Food Engn,
Adana, Turkey.
[Soylemez, Mehmet Sait] Gaziantep Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Gaziantep, Turkey.
C3 Adana Alparslan Turkes Science & Technology University; Gaziantep
University; Adana Alparslan Turkes Science & Technology University;
Gaziantep University
RP Yilmaz, IH (corresponding author), Adana Alparslan Turkes Sci & Technol Univ,
Dept Mech Engn, Adana, Turkey.
EM iyilmaz@atu.edu.tr
RI Kaya, Abdulaziz/AAG-5059-2020; Yılmaz, İbrahim Halil/AAX-2458-2020;
Çetin, Ali E/M-7125-2014
OI Kaya, Abdulaziz/0000-0001-8767-1998; Yılmaz, İbrahim
Halil/0000-0001-7840-9162; Çetin, Ali E/0000-0002-1468-6221
FU Scientific Research Projects Unit of Gaziantep University [MF.13.13]
FX This study is financially funded by the Scientific Research Projects
Unit of Gaziantep University under Grant no. MF.13.13. The authors also
acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Soner Top through the analysis of
the quantitative XRD results.
Adeosun S.O., 2012, Int. Sch. Res. Not, V2012, P1, DOI [10.5402/2012/282515, DOI
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Bruker, D8DISCOVER XRAY DIFF
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0192-9
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9313-8
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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.075
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10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.02.029
Yilmaz IH, 2018, ISI BILIM TEK DERG, V38, P43
NR 52
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 8
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 1743-9671
EI 1746-0220
J9 J ENERGY INST
JI J. Energy Inst.
PD FEB
PY 2022
VL 100
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.joei.2021.11.005
EA NOV 2021
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA WW7XQ
UT WOS:000718124800004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Al-Helal, KW
Lazaro-Nebreda, J
Patel, JB
Scamans, GM
Fan, ZY
AF Al-Helal, Kawther W.
Lazaro-Nebreda, Jaime
Patel, Jayesh B.
Scamans, Geoff M.
Fan, Zhongyun
TI Melt Conditioned Direct Chill (MC-DC) Casting of AA-6111 Aluminium Alloy
Formulated from Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA)
SO RECYCLING
LA English
DT Article
DE incinerator bottom ash; metal recycling; material recovery; melt
conditioning; AA-6111 alloy
ID HIGH-SHEAR; OXIDATION; RECOVERY
AB The melt conditioned direct chill (MC-DC) casting process has been used for the
production of billets of AA-6111 alloy formulated from recycled aluminium derived
from incinerator bottom ash (IBA). The billets were homogenised and then extruded
into planks. Optical metallography of the MC-DC billets showed equiaxed refined
grains in comparison to DC and grain refined (DC-GR) billets formulated from the
same scrap source. Microstructure evaluation for the extruded planks showed a less
extensive peripheral coarse grain (PCG) for the MC-DC sample.
C1 [Al-Helal, Kawther W.; Lazaro-Nebreda, Jaime; Patel, Jayesh B.; Fan, Zhongyun]
Brunel Univ London, Brunel Ctr Adv Solidificat Technol, London UB8 3PH, England.
[Scamans, Geoff M.] Innoval Technol Ltd, Banbury OX16 1TQ, England.
C3 Brunel University
RP Al-Helal, KW (corresponding author), Brunel Univ London, Brunel Ctr Adv
Solidificat Technol, London UB8 3PH, England.
EM kawther.al-helal2@brunel.ac.uk
RI Nebreda, Jaime Lazaro/ABE-4122-2020
OI Nebreda, Jaime Lazaro/0000-0002-8744-5840
FU Innovate UK; 'Recycling of Aluminium through Innovative Technology'
(REALITY) [102797]
FX This research was funded by the Innovate UK. Financial support from the
'Recycling of Aluminium through Innovative Technology' (REALITY) Project
No. 102797 led by Jaguar Land Rover (JLR).
CR Al-Helal K, 2019, JOM-US, V71, P2018, DOI 10.1007/s11837-018-3190-8
[Anonymous], 2015, BOTTOM ASH WTE PLANT
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Eskin D.G., 2008, PHYS METALLURGY DIRE, DOI DOI 10.1201/9781420062823/PHYSICAL-
METALLURGY-DIRECT-CHILL-CASTING-ALUMINUM-ALLOYS-DMITRY-ESKIN
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ISWA, 2012, WAST TO EN STAT ART
Li HT, 2017, METALL MATER TRANS B, V48, P2481, DOI 10.1007/s11663-017-1016-7
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NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2313-4321
J9 RECYCLING-BASEL
JI Recycling-Basel
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 4
IS 3
AR 37
DI 10.3390/recycling4030037
PG 9
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
WE Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
GA 2L1HS
UT WOS:000816773900001
OA Green Published, gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Zhou, B
Yang, YX
Reuter, MA
AF Zhou, B
Yang, YX
Reuter, MA
BE Kongoli, F
Itagaki, K
Yamauchi, C
Sohn, HY
TI Modelling of melting behaviour of aluminum metal in molten salt and
metal bath
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS PROCESSING: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGIES, VOL
1: MATERIALS PROCESSING FUNDAMENTALS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES
LA English
CT Yazawa International Symposium on Metallurgical and Materials Processing
CY MAR 02-06, 2003
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
AB During secondary aluminum recovery, complex aluminum scraps are melted and
refined often in a rotary melting furnace and the aluminum metal has to pass
through a molten salt layer and melt down in a bottom aluminum bath. Previous
experimental study and industrial observations have indicated that salt shell
formation and re-melting on the metal solids in the early stage plays a critical
role in the overall melting process of the scrap. In the present paper,
mathematical models are developed to simulate the process of salt shell formation
and its remelting, as well as aluminum melting in the molten melt. Influence of the
salt layer properties, the residence time of the metal particles in the salt layer,
the particle size, the temperature of bulk melt were investigated. Reasonable
agreement with the measurement data was reached. The developed melting model will
be used to construct a population balance model of the scrap melting behavior for a
rotary melting furnace, taking into account the distributed characteristics of the
scrap. Finally, an overall process model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) for the rotary furnace will be constructed, coupling with the population
balance model for the scrap melting.
RP Zhou, B (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci,
CR [Anonymous], CHEM ENG HDB
[Anonymous], MELTING MIXING ALLOY
Argyropoulos SA, 2001, METALL MATER TRANS B, V32, P247, DOI 10.1007/s11663-001-
0048-0
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TANIGUCHI S, 1983, T IRON STEEL I JPN, V23, P571
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NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-546-8
PY 2003
BP 1249
EP 1258
PG 10
Engineering; Materials Science, Composites
GA BW58F
UT WOS:000182493000103
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Utigard, TA
Roy, RR
Friesen, K
AF Utigard, TA
Roy, RR
Friesen, K
TI Properties of fluxes used in molten aluminium processing
SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
LA English
CT 6th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts
CY JUN 12-17, 2000
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
AB Molten salt fluxes play an important role in the processing of molten aluminum.
Most salt fluxes are based on either the KCl-NaCl or the KCl-MgCl2 binary systems.
Additives include other chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, carbonates or sulphates.
They are used either in a passive role to cover the metal from oxidation or
sometimes in an active role to remove inclusions, alkali metals and magnesium. Salt
fluxes can also be used to imporve metal recovery from drosses as well as during
melting of recycled scrap. The physical and chemical properties of these various
molten salts are reviewed and analysed in terms of applications to the aluminum
industry.
C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Met, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada.
Hatch Associates, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Utigard, TA (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Met, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,
Canada.
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TIWARI BL, 1982, JOM-J MIN MET MAT S, V34, P54, DOI 10.1007/BF03338052
Utigard T. A., 1991, P INT S EXTR REF FAB, P353
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 8
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0334-6455
EI 2191-0324
J9 HIGH TEMP MAT PR-ISR
JI High Temp. Mater. Process.
PD OCT
PY 2001
VL 20
IS 3-4
BP 303
EP 307
PG 5
GA 489WA
UT WOS:000172014400018
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Gesing, A
Stewart, C
Hopson, G
Costello, S
Lambert, S
Good, T
Grieve, R
Dalton, R
Wolanski, R
Berry, L
AF Gesing, A
Stewart, C
Hopson, G
Costello, S
Lambert, S
Good, T
Grieve, R
Dalton, R
Wolanski, R
Berry, L
BE Das, SK
Kaufman, JG
Lienert, TJ
TI Separation of wrought fraction of aluminum recovered from automobile
shredder scrap
SO ALUMINUM 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TMS 2001 ANNUAL MEETING ALUMINUM
AUTOMOTIVE AND JOINING SYMPOSIA
LA English
CT Symposium on Automotive Aluminum 2001/Aluminum Joining Including
Friction Stir Welding held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting
CY FEB 12-14, 2001
CL NEW ORLEANS, LA
AB After more than a decade of gestation, the use of wrought (sheet and extruded)
aluminum is finally becoming widespread in automobiles. While it will still be
another decade before the wrought scrap from these new autos will show up in the
recycle streams in a large quantity, efficient and cost-effective technologies are
being developed to recycle these alloys. The composition of cast aluminum alloys is
incompatible with that of their wrought cousins. Methods of separating these
fractions are being developed to permit the increase in the recycled content of the
wrought alloys. The purer wrought scrap can also be used to batch newer grades of
cast alloys that now utilize significant quantities of prime smelter metal for
dilution. As a part of the Automotive Aluminum Alliance program designed to promote
the development of a recycling system for aluminum scrap from end-of-life vehicles,
we report on a new wrought aluminum scrap product recovered commercially from
aluminum mix separated from nonmagnetic shredder scrap. We present the hand sort
composition from 100-ton-scale sorting plant tests plus spectroscopic analysis and
melt recovery of 20,000-lb batches of the wrought material melted in an industrial
reverberatory side-well melter.
C1 Huron Valley Steel Corp, Belleville, MI 48111 USA.
RP Gesing, A (corresponding author), Huron Valley Steel Corp, 41000 Huron River Dr,
Belleville, MI 48111 USA.
CR *AL ASS INC, 1999, AL IND ROADM AUT MAR, P51
BORBAN LT, 1994, SAE INT C DETR
DASTOLFO LE, 1994, LIGHT METALS 1994, P1121
DASTOLFO LE, 1993, FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESSING MATERIALS FOR
PROPERTIES, P839
*DUCK RES CO, 1999, PASS LIGHT TRUCK AL
GESING AJ, 2000, 2000 TMS FALL EXTR M, P1233
MAURICE D, 2000, 2000 TMS FALL EXTR M, P1251
2000, IPAI STAT REPORT PRI
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-509-3
PY 2001
BP 31
EP 42
PG 12
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation Science &
Technology
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Transportation
GA BT17X
UT WOS:000172165700003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Henderson, RS
Neff, DV
Vild, CT
AF Henderson, RS
Neff, DV
Vild, CT
BE Anjier, JL
TI Recent advancements in gas injection technology using molten metal pumps
SE LIGHT METALS
LA English
CT 130th TMS Annual Meeting
CY FEB 11-15, 2000
CL NEW ORLEANS, LA
AB Inert and reactive gases are employed in molten aluminum processing to serve
several needs: removal of magnesium, degassing, alkali metal removal, and inclusion
flotation. Growing environmental concern and the necessity to develop and manage
melt treatment processes for batter efficiency have dictated continuing
improvements in process technology. This paper focuses on the gas injection pump
and its utilization for metallurgical refining. In particular, recent advances have
been made in discharge and nozzle configuration, and injection technique to achieve
increased gas/metal mixing efficiency, which has resulted in higher productivity
coupled with environmental acceptability. Laboratory test and field performance
test data will be presented, especially as it pertains to scrap melting/metal
recycling systems, where gas injection greatly improves process efficiency, metal
recovery, and molten metal quality.
C1 Metaull Syst Co LP, Solon, OH 44139 USA.
RP Henderson, RS (corresponding author), Metaull Syst Co LP, Solon, OH 44139 USA.
Celik C., 1989, LIGHT MET, P793
Fu Q, 1997, LIGHT METALS 1997, P865
Henderson RS, 1996, LIGHT METALS 1996, P869
HOIPKINS L, 1995, P 3 INT S REC MET EN, P31
JENKINS RF, 2000, 4 INT S REC MET ENG
Neff D.V., 1993, LIGHT MET, P1053
NEFF DV, 1985, LIGHT MET, P1155
NEFF DV, 1985, P INT S REC SEC REC, P73
ROSSEL H, 1990, LIGHT METALS
Sigworth GK, 1999, LIGHT METALS 1999, P641
Sigworth GK, 2000, LIGHT METALS 2000, P773
STEWART AL, MELTING ALUMINUM ALU
VILD CT, 2000, P 7 INT EXTR TECHN S, P143
VILD CT, 2000, 4 INT S REC MET ENG
[No title captured]
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-480-1
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2001
BP 1033
EP 1039
PG 7
GA BR84P
UT WOS:000167758100146
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Graczyk, DG
Essling, AM
Huff, EA
Smith, FP
Snyder, CT
AF Graczyk, DG
Essling, AM
Huff, EA
Smith, FP
Snyder, CT
BE Huglen, R
TI Analytical chemistry of aluminum salt cake
LA English
CT Technical Session on Light Metals 1997, at the 126th TMS Annual Meeting
CY FEB 09-13, 1997
CL ORLANDO, FL
AB Chemical characterization of aluminum salt cake, or of intermediate or final
products from processing salt cake, offers interesting challenges to the analytical
chemist because the component phases resist dissolution (a key first step in most
analysis procedures) and because process chemists and engineers need information on
specific components such as leachable salts or aluminum metal in addition to
overall elemental composition. Our laboratory had an opportunity to meet some of
these challenges first-hand while providing analysis support to a project studying
conversion of salt cake fines to value-added oxide products. In the course of this
work, we adapted or devised analysis methods for determining leachable salt, total
halides (Cl and Fl, aluminum metal, and elemental composition. Leaching of salt
cake fines was accomplished by ultrasonic agitation with deionized water. We
analyzed the leachate for anions (chloride, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate)
by ion chromatography and for cations by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometry (ICP-AES). Only chloride appeared at measurable concentrations among
the anions. Charge balances between cations and chloride were near unity,
indicating that all major dissolved species were chloride salts. For the total
halides determination, we first brought the chloride and fluoride components into
solution by decomposition with a potassium hydroxide fusion. The dissolved chloride
and fluoride were measured by ion chromatography. Aluminum metal present in the
fines was determined by a hydrogen evolution procedure, which we adapted to permit
determination of sub-milligram quantities of metallic aluminum. In our approach, we
reacted the aluminum metal with hydrochloric acid in a closed system containing a
measured amount of high-purity helium. After reaction, we measured the hydrogen to
helium ratio by mass spectrometry to determine the quantity of H-2 evolved.
Recoveries of aluminum metal standards (approximately 30 mg Al) averaged 93%.
Comparison of the acid evolution with caustic reaction of the aluminum metal showed
results from the two methods to be virtually identical but reaction was faster in
the acid medium. Metallic elements were determined in the salt cake materials by
total dissolution and ICP-AES measurement of dissolved metals. Decomposition of the
salt cake with mineral acids left undissolved residues that had to be brought into
solution by fusion with sodium carbonate. A better dissolution was obtained by
fusing the salt cake materials with lithium tetraborate, although this approach
does not permit determination of lithium or boron in the dissolved sample. used as
a starting point for accurate aluminum assay of salt cake materials by classical 8-
hydroxyquinolate gravimetry.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Analyt Chem Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
C3 United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory
RP Graczyk, DG (corresponding author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Analyt
Chem Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-362-7
PY 1997
BP 1135
EP 1140
PG 6
Engineering
GA BK32P
UT WOS:000071821400162
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Schirk, PG
AF Schirk, PG
BE Huglen, R
TI Complete aluminum dress processing technology
LA English
CY FEB 09-13, 1997
CL ORLANDO, FL
AB ALTEK International, Inc.'s determination to advance the technology in aluminum
dress processing, has lead to the development of a complete package starting from
the minimization of the creation of dress at the furnace, through the maximization
of aluminum recovery to the production of salable by-products.
This paper will look at the latest available processing for the aluminum gross
in the melting operation and at the secondary recycler. The areas to be examined
will be of interest for dress producers, dress processors, and after market metal
powder reclaimers. The areas to be discussed are:
Dross Minimization in the Furnace
Maximization of In-house Recovery and Secondary Processing
Low Impact Recovery of Dresses and Salt Cake
High Energy Impacting of Dresses and Salt Cake.
C1 ALTEK Int Inc, Engn & Special Projects, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
RP Schirk, PG (corresponding author), ALTEK Int Inc, Engn & Special Projects, 314
Exton Commons, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-362-7
PY 1997
BP 1163
EP 1166
PG 4
Engineering
GA BK32P
UT WOS:000071821400167
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Lan, X
Gao, JT
Qu, XT
Guo, ZC
AF Lan, Xi
Gao, Jintao
Qu, Xintuo
Guo, Zhancheng
TI An environmental-friendly method for recovery of soluble sodium and
harmless utilization of red mud: Solidification, separation, and
mechanism
LA English
DT Article
DE Redmud; Harmlessutilization; Selectivesolidification;
Super-gravityseparation; Solidificationmechanism
ID BEARING SLAG; REMOVAL; CRYSTALS; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; GREEN; MELT; RAW
AB Red mud is a hazardous waste produced from Bayer process, and its high
alkalinity caused by soluble sodium (Na) poses a major threat to environment. In
this study, an environmental-friendly method was proposed for recovery of soluble
sodium (Na) and harmless utilization of red mud. First, soluble sodium was
selectively so-lidified into Na-rich phases (anorthite and melilite). Subsequently,
high-purity Na-rich phases were efficiently recovered from red mud under super
gravity. Finally, solidification mechanism of sodium in anorthite and melilite was
confirmed by characterizing high-purity Na-rich crystals. The leaching rates of Na+
were only 0.01% and 0.04% in anorthite and melilite, respectively, and high
alkalinity was minimized. In addition, the anorthite was found to possess a
stronger solidification capacity of Na as compared with melilite based on the
reaction mechanism of Na+ + Si4+= Ca2+ + Al3+. This provides a theoretical basis
for alkalinity minimization and harmless utilization of red mud.
C1 [Lan, Xi; Gao, Jintao; Qu, Xintuo; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing,
State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
RP Gao, JT; Guo, ZC (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
EM jintaogao@ustb.edu.cn; zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51774037]; China
Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2021M700393]
FX Acknowledgements This study is supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 51774037) and the Project funded by China
Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M700393) .
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Yoon K, 2019, CHEM ENG J, V361, P1597, DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.012
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Zhang JS, 2014, AICHE J, V60, P2724, DOI 10.1002/aic.14450
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Zou QC, 2017, J ALLOY COMPD, V725, P1264, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.257
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 8
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD NOV
PY 2022
VL 186
AR 106543
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106543
EA JUL 2022
PG 11
GA 3Q4PG
UT WOS:000838214600001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Sharma, A
Ahn, B
AF Sharma, Ashutosh
Ahn, Byungmin
TI Recycling of Aluminum Alloy from Al-Cu Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced
with SiC Particulates
SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE recycling; aluminum; composite; particulate; holding time; automotive
AB In this study, we investigate the recycling of aluminum-based metal matrix
composites(AMCs) embedded with SiC particulates. The microstructure of the AMCs is
characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The
possibility of recycling the composite scrap is attempted from the melted alloy and
SiC particulates by re-melting, holding and solidification in crucibles. The
recovery percentage of the matrix alloy is calculated after a number of holding
times, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes and for different particulate sizes and
weight fractions in the Al matrix. The results show that the recovery percentage of
the matrix alloy, as well as the time required for maximum recovery of the matrix,
is dependent on the size and weight fraction of SiC particulates. In addition, the
percentage recovery increases with particulate size but drops with the particulate
fraction in the matrix. The time to reach maximum recovery falls rapidly with an
increase in particulate size and fraction.
C1 [Ahn, Byungmin] Ajou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
C3 Ajou University; Ajou University
RP Ahn, B (corresponding author), Ajou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 16499,
South Korea.
EM byungmin@ajou.ac.kr
RI Sharma, Ashutosh/X-1773-2019; Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010
OI Sharma, Ashutosh/0000-0003-0413-4623; Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398
FU National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) - Ministry of Education
[NRF-2018R1D1A1B07044706, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07044481]
FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through
the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of
Education(NRF-2018R1D1A1B07044481) (B.A.). This research was supported
by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research
Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of
Education(NRF-2018R1D1A1B07044706) (A.S.).
CR Clyne T.W., 1993, INTRO METAL MATRIX C
Hossein A., 2013, CERAM INT, V39, P2045
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NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC KOREA
PI SEOUL
PA RM 903, KOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BLDG, 635-4, YEOKSAM-DONG,
KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL, 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1225-0562
EI 2287-7258
J9 KOR J MATER RES
JI Kor. J. Mater. Res.
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 28
IS 12
BP 691
EP 695
DI 10.3740/MRSK.2018.28.12.691
PG 5
GA HG3ES
UT WOS:000454853600002
OA hybrid
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wan, HL
Xu, BQ
Wang, L
Li, L
Yang, B
Li, LJ
Ding, Z
Dai, YN
Li, DM
AF Wan, Heli
Xu, Baoqiang
Wang, Li
Li, Liang
Yang, Bin
Li, Lanjie
Ding, Zhao
Dai, Yongnian
Li, Dongming
TI A novel method of AlV55 alloy production by utilizing AlV65 alloy scrap
SO VACUUM
LA English
DT Article
DE AlV65 scrap; Aluminothermic reaction; AlV55 alloy; Vacuum
ID METAL RECOVERY; SPENT CATALYSTS; ALUMINUM; EVAPORATION; VANADIUM
AB A novel recycling process was developed to produce vanadium aluminum (AlV55)
alloy using vanadium aluminum (AlV65) alloy scrap and aluminum (Al) under vacuum.
The theoretical calculation indicates that Al can be evaporated under vacuum.
Excessive Al would be consumed during melting process when the reaction temperature
ranges from 1823 to 2123 K, according to the theoretical calculation, which
indicates Al could evaporate under vacuum. The experimental results present that Al
was effectively dissolved in molten AlV65 alloy, the impurities (N, O, and C)
decreased and the content of V increased gradually with reducing Al addition.
C1 [Wan, Heli; Xu, Baoqiang; Li, Liang; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian] Kunming Univ Sci
& Technol, Natl Engn Lab Vacuum Met, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Wan, Heli; Xu, Baoqiang; Li, Liang; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian] Res Ctr Engn
Aluminum Ind Yunnan Prov, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Baoqiang; Yang, Bin] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Complex
Nonferrous Met Resources Cl, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Wan, Heli; Xu, Baoqiang; Li, Liang; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian] Kunming Univ Sci
& Technol, Yunnan Prov Key Lab Nonferrous Vacuum Met, Kunming 650093, Yunnan,
Peoples R China.
[Wan, Heli; Xu, Baoqiang; Li, Liang; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian] Kunming Univ Sci
& Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Li; Li, Lanjie; Li, Dongming] Chengde Iron & Steel Co, Chengde 067002,
Peoples R China.
[Ding, Zhao] IIT, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Mech, Mech, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
Science & Technology; Kunming University of Science & Technology;
Kunming University of Science & Technology; Illinois Institute of
Technology
RP Xu, BQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Vacuum
Met, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM kmxbq@126.com
RI Ding, Zhao/AAB-7187-2019; Xu, Baoqiang/ABD-1735-2021
OI Ding, Zhao/0000-0003-1794-0392;
FU Science and Technological Talent Cultivation Plan of Yunnan Province,
China [2017HB009]; academician free exporation fund of Yunnan Province
[2017HA006]; Cultivating Plan Program for the Leader in Science and
Technology of Yunnan Province [2014HA003]; Program for Nonferrous Metals
Vacuum Metallurgy Innovation Team of Ministry of Science and Technology
[2014RA4018]
FX The authors are grateful for financial support by Science and
Technological Talent Cultivation Plan of Yunnan Province, China No.
2017HB009, the academician free exporation fund of Yunnan Province (No.
2017HA006), the Cultivating Plan Program for the Leader in Science and
Technology of Yunnan Province (No. 2014HA003) and the Program for
Nonferrous Metals Vacuum Metallurgy Innovation Team of Ministry of
Science and Technology (No. 2014RA4018).
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Semiatin SL, 2004, METALL MATER TRANS B, V35, P235, DOI 10.1007/s11663-004-0025-
5
Semlatin S.L., 2004, METALLURGICAL MAT B, V35, P235
Yonga C, 2011, PROCEDIA ENGINEER, V24, P447, DOI 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2674
Zhang Y.M., 2008, J RARE METAL MAT ENG, V37, P99
NR 35
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PI OXFORD
SN 0042-207X
J9 VACUUM
JI Vacuum
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 155
BP 127
EP 133
DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.05.045
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA GU6QN
UT WOS:000445440800019
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Peel, AM
Herbert, J
Roth, D
Collins, MJ
AF Peel, Alan M.
Herbert, James
Roth, David
Collins, Martin J.
BE Taylor, JA
Grandfield, JF
Prasad, A
TI Dross Processing Technology
SO ALUMINIUM CAST HOUSE TECHNOLOGY XI
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
CT 11th International Conference on Aluminium Cast House Technology
CY SEP 13-16, 2009
CL CAST CRC, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA
HO CAST CRC
DE aluminium; dross; cast house; processing technology
AB While it is generally acknowledged that dross generation should be kept to a
minimum, too often the importance of maximizing the aluminium content of the dross
is overlooked. Some mistakenly believe that a low metal content is a good thing and
that the aluminium is being kept in the furnace. In reality, this metal is most
likely being lost due to insufficient cooling and thermiting.
Much can be gleaned from looking at the dross that is generated in a casthouse;
in fact, the quality of dross can provide a good indication of the overall
efficiency of the operation. Even with the very low aluminium prices of today of
about US$1400 per tonne, a recovery improvement of just 3% for a facility producing
500t of dross per month can provide savings in excess of $250.000 per year.
Effective dross management also results in better metal quality, improved fuel
efficiency, prolonged refractory life and improved profitability in the entire
facility.
Over the years, as facilities have focused on better dross cooling and handling
techniques, dross recoveries have improved. Today, dross recoveries should be in
the range of 60 - 70%. These numbers will raise debate but 30 years of experience
give us deep insight into these results.
The paper looks at the different techniques of handling the dross that is
produced within the melting/casting operation with the objective of maximizing
aluminium recovery. This paper will consider both the initial dross handling within
the cast house but then also how secondary processors should be evaluated to
maximize the value of the dross being processed. A company can lose as much dross
recovery opportunity here as in their own facility..
In summary, by careful attention to the equipment and process techniques around
the furnace and the follow-on dross management, significant cost savings and
environmental benefits can be realized by cast house operations.
C1 [Peel, Alan M.; Collins, Martin J.] ALTEK EUROPE Ltd, Stn Rd, Castle Donnington
DE74 2NJ, Derby, England.
[Herbert, James; Roth, David] ALTEX MDY, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
RP Peel, AM (corresponding author), ALTEK EUROPE Ltd, Stn Rd, Castle Donnington
DE74 2NJ, Derby, England.
EM alanpeel@altek-mdy.com
CR DALEY J, 2000, ALTEK INT 3 ANN DROS
HERBERT J, 2008, TMS 2008
HRYN JN, 2007, TMS 2007
SHEMWELL L, 2000, ALTEK INT 3 ANN DROS
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 3
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2010
VL 630
BP 53
EP +
PG 2
Engineering
GA BQI93
UT WOS:000281135100007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kim, JH
Park, JP
Yoon, EP
AF Kim, JH
Park, JP
Yoon, EP
TI A study on elimination of alumina particles in molten aluminum using
direct electromagnetic force
SO METALS AND MATERIALS-KOREA
LA English
DT Article
DE alumina; electromagnetic force; separation; numerical analysis
AB From the viewpoint of energy reduction, the recovery of metal scrap and its
recycling have been rising as an important global subject. However, it is difficult
to remove deleterious impurities, which have detrimental effects on the mechanical
properties. In particular, it is difficult to eliminate nonmetallic inclusions such
as alumina(Al2O3) in aluminum alloys when they are subject to recycling. In this
study, an experiment on the elimination of the impurities in the melt by imposing
electromagnetic force to molten aluminum was conducted. The principle behind these
electromagnetic methods is that as the electromagnetic force induced in metal
scarcely acts on non-metallic inclusions due to low electric conductivity, the non-
metallic inclusions are moved to the direction opposite the electromagnetic force
and can be separated from the melt. The prediction based on the theoretical
analyses was confirmed through the visualization of the polystyrene particle motion
in an NaCl aqueous solution. We also proposed optimum electromagnetic conditions
such as current density, magnetic field intensity and particle size for eliminating
the inclusion particles continuously found through numerical analysis and
experiments.
C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Engn Met, Res Inst Steel Proc & Applicat, Seongdong Ku, Seoul
133791, South Korea.
Res Inst Ind Sci & Technol, Steel Proc Res Div, Nam Ku, Pohang, South Korea.
C3 Hanyang University
RP Kim, JH (corresponding author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Engn Met, Res Inst Steel Proc
& Applicat, Seongdong Ku, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
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NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS
PI SEOUL
PA POSCO CENTER, 4TH FL (EAST WING), 892 DAECHI-4-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL
135-777, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1225-9438
J9 MET MATER-KOREA
JI Met. Mater.-Korea
PD AUG
PY 1999
VL 5
IS 4
BP 339
EP 343
PG 5
Engineering
GA 232TM
UT WOS:000082386100003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Pang, ZD
Jiang, YY
Ling, JW
Lü, XW
Yan, ZM
AF Pang, Zhengde
Jiang, Yuyang
Ling, Jiawei
Lu, Xuewei
Yan, Zhiming
TI Blast furnace ironmaking process with super high TiO2 in the
slag: Density and surface tension of the slag
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE vanadium titanomagnetite; density; surface tension; iso-surface tension
lines
ID SILICATE MELTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CAO-SIO2-FEO SLAGS; MOLTEN SLAG;
VISCOSITY; RECOVERY; TITANIUM; REDUCTION; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR
AB Aiming at the process of smelting ultra-high (>80%) or even full vanadium
titanomagnetite in blast furnace, we are conducting a series of works on physics
character of high TiO2 bearing blast furnace slag (BFS) for slag optimization. This
work discussed the density and surface tension of high TiO2 bearing BFS using the
Archimedean principle and the maximum bubble pressure method, respectively. The
influence of TiO2 content and the MgO/CaO mass ratio on the density and surface
tension of CaO-SiO2-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags were investigated. Results indicated that
the density of slags decreased with the TiO2 content increasing from 20wt% to 30wt
%, but it increased slightly with the MgO/CaO mass ratio increasing from 0.32 to
0.73. In view of silicate network structure, the density and the degree of
polymerization (DOP) of network structure have a consistent trend. The addition of
TiO2 reduced (Q(3))(2)/(Q(2)) ratio (Q(2) and Q(3) represent structural unit with
bridge oxygen number of 2 and 3, respectively) and then decreased DOP, which led to
the decrease of slag density. The surface tension of CaO-SiO2-TiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags
decreased dramatically with the TiO2 content increasing from 20wt% to 30wt%.
Conversely, it increased with the MgO/CaO mass ratio increasing from 0.32 to 0.73.
Furthermore, the iso-surface tension lines were obtained under 1723 K using the
Tanaka developed model in view of Butler formula. It may be useful for slag
optimization of ultra-high proportion (>80%) or even full vanadium titanomagnetite
under BF smelting.
C1 [Pang, Zhengde; Jiang, Yuyang; Ling, Jiawei; Lu, Xuewei] Chongqing Univ,
Chongqing Key Lab Vanadium Titanium Met & New Mat, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R
China.
[Pang, Zhengde; Jiang, Yuyang; Ling, Jiawei; Lu, Xuewei] Chongqing Univ, Coll
Mat Sci & Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
[Yan, Zhiming] Univ Warwick, WMG, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; University of Warwick
RP Lü, XW (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Chongqing Key Lab Vanadium
Titanium Met & New Mat, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.; Lü, XW (corresponding
author), Chongqing Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.;
Yan, ZM (corresponding author), Univ Warwick, WMG, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands,
England.
EM lvxuewei@cqu.edu.cn; zhiming.yan@warwick.ac.uk
RI jiang, yu/HGU-0029-2022; LI, XIAO/JCE-6169-2023; Yan,
Zhiming/AAD-7788-2022; Li, Jiaai/JCO-0168-2023
OI Yan, Zhiming/0000-0002-6061-4077;
FU National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1900500]; Key Fund of Natural
Science [51974048]
FX This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of
China (No. 2018YFC1900500) and the Key Fund of Natural Science (No.
51974048).
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NR 48
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1674-4799
EI 1869-103X
J9 INT J MIN MET MATER
JI Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 29
IS 6
BP 1170
EP 1178
DI 10.1007/s12613-021-2262-x
PG 9
Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining &
Mineral Processing
GA 1N9CM
UT WOS:000800944400004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Zhao, XX
Liu, Y
Lyu, GZ
Zhang, YB
Zhang, TA
AF Zhao, Xinxin
Liu, Yan
Lyu, Guozhi
Zhang, Yubin
Zhang, Ting-an
BE Eskin, D
TI Removal of Fluorine, Chlorine, and Nitrogen from Aluminum Dross by Wet
Process
SE Minerals Metals & Materials Series
LA English
CT Light Metals Symposia at the The-Minerals-Metals-Materials-Society (TMS)
Annual Meeting
CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2022
CL Anaheim, CA
DE Aluminum dross; Harmless treatment; Impurity removal; Removal rate
ID RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; ALN
AB Aluminum dross is a hazardous solid waste produced in the process of
electrolytic aluminum or cast aluminum production, with annual emission of more
than 3 million tons. Fluoride, aluminum nitride, and soluble salts contained in
aluminum dross lead to environmental pollution and health hazard. In this paper, a
method of harmless treatment of secondary aluminum dross was proposed. The effects
of temperature, liquid-solid ratio, time, and stirring speed on removal rate of
nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine were investigated in detail. The results showed
that the removal rates of each element reached the maximum at temperature of 80
degrees C, liquid- solid ratio of 3:1, time of 2 h, and stirring speed of 400
r/min. The removal rates of nitrogen and fluorine were 62.8% and 77.6%,
respectively, and the chlorine was completely removed. The research provides
possibility for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of secondary
aluminum dross.
C1 [Zhao, Xinxin; Liu, Yan; Lyu, Guozhi; Zhang, Ting-an] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab
Ecol Met Multimet Intergrown Ores, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Yubin] Shenyang Aluminum Magnesium Engn Res Inst Co Ltd, Shenyang
RP Zhang, TA (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet
Intergrown Ores, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
EM liuyan@smm.neu.edu.cn; zta2000@163.net
RI zhao, xinxin/AAD-4053-2019
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1710257, U1702253,
U1903129]; National key research and development plan
[2017YFC0210403-04, 2017YFC0210404]
China (U1710257, U1702253, U1903129), the National key research and
development plan (2017YFC0210403-04, 2017YFC0210404).
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TC 5
Z9 5
U1 10
U2 43
PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 2367-1181
EI 2367-1696
BN 978-3-030-92529-1; 978-3-030-92528-4
J9 MINERAL MET MAT SER
PY 2022
BP 48
EP 55
DI 10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_7
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
GA BS8BN
UT WOS:000770403000007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kudyba, A
Akhtar, S
Johansen, I
Safarian, J
AF Kudyba, Artur
Akhtar, Shahid
Johansen, Inge
Safarian, Jafar
TI Valorization of Aluminum Dross with Copper via High Temperature Melting
to Produce Al-Cu Alloys
SO MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Al dross; wettability; white dross; contact angle; aluminum recovery;
sessile drop
ID MOLTEN ALUMINUM; INTERFACIAL REACTIONS; WETTABILITY; LIQUID; MECHANISM;
SUBSTRATE; GRAPHITE; RECOVERY; MG
AB The valorization of aluminum dross for Al recovery was performed via its mixing
with metallic copper to produce Al-Cu alloys. This approach was with the intention
of establishing a new smelting process to treat the dross with Cu scrap use. To
evaluate the high temperature interaction of the materials, the wettability of a
Cu-containing aluminum alloy with the non-metallic components of the dross was
studied by the sessile drop method. It was found that the wetting was weak via
temperature changes at 973-1373 K, and consequently no proper metal separation
occurred. To better separate the metallic and non-metallic phases with larger
density differences, a higher Cu portion was considered to obtain a significantly
denser metallic phase, and it was found that partial separation of the Al in an Al-
Cu alloy is possible. The complete separation of the metallic components of the
dross was, however, experienced by the dross and copper melting with the addition
of pre-melted calcium aluminate slags at elevated temperatures. It was found that
Al-Cu alloys were produced and separated from the adjacent slags, and the aluminum
oxide of the dross ended up in the slag phase. Moreover, the characteristics of the
produced slags depend on the process charge.
C1 [Kudyba, Artur; Safarian, Jafar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat Sci
& Engn, Alfred Getz Vei 2, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
[Akhtar, Shahid; Johansen, Inge] Hydro Aluminum, Romsdalsvegen 1, N-6600
Sunndalsora, Norway.
C3 Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
RP Kudyba, A (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat
Sci & Engn, Alfred Getz Vei 2, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
EM artur.kudyba@ntnu.no; shahid.akhtar@hydro.com; inge.johansen@hydro.com;
jafar.safarian@ntnu.no
OI Kudyba, Artur/0000-0003-3065-7778
FU SFI Metal Production (Centre for Research-based Innovation) [237738];
SFI Metal Production
FX This research was funded by SFI Metal Production (Centre for
Research-based Innovation), grant number 237738. The APC was funded by
SFI Metal Production.
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NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 17
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 1996-1944
J9 MATERIALS
JI Materials
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 14
IS 15
AR 4117
DI 10.3390/ma14154117
PG 18
Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering;
Physics
GA TW0AQ
UT WOS:000682074900001
PM 34361311
OA gold, Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Vafeias, M
Bempelou, A
Georgala, E
Davris, P
Balomenos, E
Panias, D
AF Vafeias, Michail
Bempelou, Amalia
Georgala, Eirini
Davris, Panagiotis
Balomenos, Efthymios
Panias, Dimitrios
TI Leaching of Ca-Rich Slags Produced from Reductive Smelting of Bauxite
Residue with Na2CO3 Solutions for Alumina
Extraction: Lab and Pilot Scale Experiments
SO MINERALS
LA English
DT Article
DE bauxite residue; red mud; slag valorization; alumina; leaching;
zero-waste; calcium aluminates
ID LIME-SINTER PROCESS; RED MUD; RARE-EARTHS; RECOVERY; HYDRATION; METALS
AB Sustainable utilization of Bauxite Residue (BR) is currently one of the greatest
challenges being tackled by the alumina industry, due to its high production rates
and limited reuse options. The present work is concerned with the use of BR as a
candidate metallurgical raw material for iron (Fe) production and aluminum (Al)
extraction. In more detail, at first, BR undergoes reductive smelting to extract
its Fe content and produce a slag of mainly calcium aluminate composition. In a
second step, Al contained in the calcium aluminate phases is extracted
hydrometallurgically by leaching with a Na2CO3 aqueous solution. The focus of the
current study is the optimization of this leaching process, and it was performed in
two stages. The first was a laboratory scale investigation on the main parameters
affecting the extraction rate of Al. The second stage was performed in pilot scale
and incorporated observations and suggestions based on the laboratory scale
investigation. Laboratory work showed that more than 50% of aluminum could be
easily extracted in less than 1 h, in 5% S/L, at 70 degrees C and with an 20%
excess of Na2CO3. Pilot scale work, by successfully applying the suggestions
derived from laboratory scale work, achieved an average Al extraction of 68% from a
10% S/L pulp, with a slag of optimized composition in relation to the one used in
the laboratory scale.
C1 [Vafeias, Michail; Bempelou, Amalia; Georgala, Eirini; Panias, Dimitrios] Natl
Tech Univ Athens, Sch Min & Met Engn, Athens 15780, Greece.
[Davris, Panagiotis; Balomenos, Efthymios] MYTILINEOS SA, Met Business Unit, Ag
Nikolaos 32100, Viotia, Greece.
RP Vafeias, M (corresponding author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Min & Met Engn,
Athens 15780, Greece.
EM michalisvafeias@mail.ntua.gr; amaliampempelou@gmail.com;
irinigeorgala@gmail.com; panagiotis.davris@alhellas.gr;
efthymios.balomenos-external@alhellas.gr; panias@metal.ntua.gr
RI Balomenos, Efthymios/AAZ-2720-2021
OI Balomenos, Efthymios/0000-0001-8742-2692; Panias,
Dimitrios/0000-0002-0432-6900; Vafeias, Michail/0000-0002-2680-3499
FU European Community's Horizon2020 Programme REMOVAL [77646]
FX Research funded from European Community's Horizon2020 Programme REMOVAL
(H2020/2014-2020/No.77646). This publication reflects only the authors'
view, exempting the Community from any liability.
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NR 43
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2075-163X
J9 MINERALS-BASEL
JI Minerals
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 11
IS 8
AR 896
DI 10.3390/min11080896
PG 24
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA UG7PU
UT WOS:000689440100001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Capuzzi, S
Timelli, G
Capra, L
Romano, L
AF Capuzzi, Stefano
Timelli, Giulio
Capra, Leonardo
Romano, Luca
TI Study of fluxing in Al refining process by rotary and crucible furnaces
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminium recycling; rotary furnace; salt factor; heterogeneous scrap;
ANOVA
ID ALUMINUM SCRAP; METALS
AB The process used to obtain recycled Al alloys depends on the scrap quality.
Rotary furnaces are normally used in Europe as they allow a great productivity and
they can process low quality scrap using a salt flux to protect the molten metal
from oxidation. In this article, the effect of the quantity of salt on the metal
recovery has been experimentally investigated by melting several types of scrap
under a mixture of NaCl-KCl-Na3AlF6 salts. The quantity of salt has been related to
the salt factor (SF), which is the ratio between the non-metallic content in the
scrap and the quantity of salt required. The same levels of salt factor have been
tested by melting the scrap in rotary and crucible furnaces. The metal recovery
increases with the salt content for both furnaces. The results obtained with the
different melting processes are comparable because the yield difference is similar
considering different salt factors. Crucible furnace gives greater metal recovery
but it cannot replace rotary furnace in Al refining industry due to lower melting
capacity. However, the results highlight that the optimisation of the Al refining
process can be supported by preliminary tests through crucible furnaces reducing
the time and material consumptions.
C1 [Capuzzi, Stefano; Timelli, Giulio] Univ Padua, Dept Management & Engn, Vicenza,
Italy.
[Capra, Leonardo; Romano, Luca] Raffineria Metalli Capra SpA, Castelmella,
Italy.
C3 University of Padua
RP Timelli, G (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Management & Engn, Vicenza,
Italy.
EM timelli@gest.unipd.it
RI Timelli, Giulio/K-3892-2015
OI Timelli, Giulio/0000-0002-7549-6499
FU Raffineria Metalli Capra
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Raffineria Metalli
Capra. The authors are particularly grateful to Angelo Volpe, Gualtiero
Boni, Angelo Agliardi, Michela Tiraboschi, Leonardo Deste and Mauro
Amadio for their helpful technical assistance and insights.
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NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 11
PI ABINGDON
SN 1939-7038
EI 1939-7046
J9 INT J SUSTAIN ENG
JI Int. J. Sustain. Eng.
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 1
BP 38
EP 46
DI 10.1080/19397038.2017.1393022
PG 9
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
GA IA9CN
UT WOS:000469855300005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Anisonyan, KG
Kopyev, DY
Goncharov, KV
Sadykhov, GB
AF Anisonyan, K. G.
Kopyev, D. Yu
Goncharov, K., V
Sadykhov, G. B.
TI An investigation of a single-stage red mud reducing roasting process
with the cast iron and aluminate slag production
SO NON-FERROUS METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE red mud; alumina production; pyrometallurgical processing; reducing
roasting; pig iron; aluminate slag; recycling of wastes
ID RECOVERY; SCANDIUM
AB Red mud is a technogenic waste product, a result of alumina production. It is a
fine-dispersed material containing up to 60% Fe2O3 and up to 20% Al2O3. For each
ton of alumina produced of bauxites there is more than 1 ton of red mud. In the
absence of effective recycling technologies, red mud is practically not used and is
almost completely stored in special sludge deposits, which negatively affects the
environment. Tens of millions of tons of red mud are sent to the dumps every year
in the world. More than 100 million tons of red mud has been piled up in Russia.
High content of iron and aluminium in red mud requires a processing which provides
an effective separation of these components and obtaining original iron- and
aluminium-bearing products.
In this connection, the present paper is focused on developing a single-stage
reducing roasting process with simultaneous generation of cast iron, a product for
steel industry, and the aluminate slag suitable for alumina production. The main
stage of the red mud complex processing technology under development is a single-
stage reducing roasting process which results in the cast iron and aluminate slag
obtaining; the latter is further treated by water leaching for aluminium
precipitation from solution. The roast is carried out for the ferric oxides
reduction to metal and simultaneous aluminium transfer to water-insoluble sodium
aluminate, which is provided by adding Na2CO3 and CaCO3 to a furnace charge in
definite proportions. This article considers the manner in which the reducing
roasting conditions (temperature, consumption of a reducing agent, composition of
the furnace charge) influence over the ferric oxides reduction to metal and
obtaining of the aluminate slag with a definite phase composition. As a result, the
optimal conditions of the slag and cast iron formation are determined.
C1 [Anisonyan, K. G.; Kopyev, D. Yu; Goncharov, K., V; Sadykhov, G. B.] Russian
Acad Sci, Fed State Budgetary Sci Inst, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow,
Russia.
Science (IMET RAS)
RP Anisonyan, KG (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, Fed State Budgetary Sci
Inst, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow, Russia.
EM grikar84@mail.ru
RI Sadykhov, Guseyngulu B./D-8607-2014
FU Russian Science Foundation [17-73-10414]; Russian Science Foundation
[17-73-10414] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
FX The study was performed by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation
(project No. 17-73-10414).
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NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU ORE & METALS PUBLISHERS
PI MOSCOW
PA LENINSKII PR-KT 6, BLD 1, OFIS 617, PO BOX 71, MOSCOW, 119049, RUSSIA
SN 2072-0807
EI 2414-0155
J9 NON-FERROUS MET
JI Non-Ferrous Met.
PY 2018
IS 1
BP 18
EP 23
DI 10.17580/nfm.2018.01.04
PG 6
GA IN9VL
UT WOS:000479026600004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Teodorescu, R
Badilita, V
Roman, M
Purcaru, V
Capota, P
Tociu, C
Gheorghe, M
Crisan, A
AF Teodorescu, Romanita
Badilita, Viorel
Roman, Maria
Purcaru, Victoria
Capota, Petre
Tociu, Carmen
Gheorghe, Maria
Crisan, Aurel
TI OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS FOR TOTAL RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM FROM SMELTING
SLAG 2. REMOVAL OF ALUMINUM SULFATE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Al slag; Al sulfate; hydrolysis; leaching; silica matrix; waste
processing
ID EXTRACTION
AB This paper continues the previous investigations regarding the technology for
the Aluminum (Al) recovery as Al sulfate from black Al slag. Leaching is the next
compulsory step in the Al extraction process. The paper studies the influence of
mother solutions (MS) recirculation resulted from the process within the system
over the quality of Al sulfate and the siliceous residue (R) and, the aluminum
nitride (AlN) hydrolyses in the leaching process. The optimum parameters determined
are: *the leaching yield of the slag that registers values between 56 divided by 66
% and for the soluble Al 96-97%; *the quality of the products obtained from this
technology which have significant coagulation properties; *the AlN decomposition
which continues at the leaching phase but is lower than those achieved in the
washing process. Besides, the (R) from the leaching process was inertized employing
binder slag-cement or slag-lime into the proportion 7:3 binders: (R) ratio. The
flow sheet of entire process is also presented. The experimental results were
ultimately the purpose for the feasibility study, the economical analysis and the
designing of a pilot plant (600t/year Al slag).
C1 [Teodorescu, Romanita; Badilita, Viorel; Roman, Maria; Purcaru, Victoria;
Capota, Petre] R&D Natl Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR, Bucharest, Romania.
[Tociu, Carmen] Natl Inst Environm Protect ICIM, Bucharest, Romania.
[Gheorghe, Maria] Tech Univ Civil Engn, Bucharest, Romania.
[Crisan, Aurel] Transilvania Univ, Brasov, Romania.
RP Teodorescu, R (corresponding author), R&D Natl Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR,
Bucharest, Romania.
EM teoroma47@yahoo.com
RI Tociu, Carmen/AAB-8136-2019
OI Tociu, Carmen/0000-0002-4137-6456
FU PNCD2, National Research Programme [31- 004 / 2007]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of PNCD2, National
Research Programme, which includes the Project no. 31- 004 /
2007coordinated by Transilvania University.
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NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 13
PU GH ASACHI TECHNICAL UNIV IASI
PI IASI
PA 71 MANGERON BLVD, IASI, 700050, ROMANIA
SN 1582-9596
EI 1843-3707
J9 ENVIRON ENG MANAG J
JI Environ. Eng. Manag. J.
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 13
IS 1
BP 7
EP 14
PG 8
GA AB0XX
UT WOS:000331516700002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Begum, S
AF Begum, Shakila
TI Recycling Of Aluminum from Aluminum Cans
SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum cans; Salt flux; Temperature; Dendrites; Drosses; Powder
aluminum
AB High purity salt flux composition and additive composition, which is used in the
melting of scrap aluminum such as found in used beverage containers, have been
optimized in this investigation.
Results indicated that the use of temperatures from 450 to 950C and flux amount
of at least 5 wt.% lead to good recovery of aluminum after the recycling of cans.
Utilization of chlorides and fluorides in excess result in formation of craters and
dendrites in the recovered metal, which denote that the magnesium and aluminum
oxides in the form of drosses, a heterogeneous system, accumulate in these craters.
A visual examination of the images shows visible holes which provide continuous
channels to the internal surfaces of the metal to the atmosphere. It is observed
that the oxidation of the internal surfaces and channels result into huge amount of
drosses. The molten chlorides and fluorides in excess corrode this structure and
break the oxide links, subsequently liberating the pure aluminum.
C1 Pakistan Council Sci & Ind Res, Peshawar, Pakistan.
C3 PCSIR Laboratories Complex
RP Begum, S (corresponding author), Pakistan Council Sci & Ind Res, Jamrud Rd,
Peshawar, Pakistan.
EM shakilakakakhel@gmail.com
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NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 19
PU CHEM SOC PAKISTAN
PI KARACHI
PA HEJ RES INST CHEM UNIV KARACHI, 75270 KARACHI, PAKISTAN
SN 0253-5106
J9 J CHEM SOC PAKISTAN
JI J. Chem. Soc. Pak.
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 35
IS 6
BP 1490
EP 1493
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA AC8LZ
UT WOS:000332785800010
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Zhou, B
Yang, YX
Reuter, MA
AF Zhou, B
Yang, YX
Reuter, MA
BE Tabereaux, AT
TI Process modeling of aluminum scraps melting in molten salt and metal
bath in a rotary furnace
SE Light Metals
LA English
CT Light Metals Symposium held at the 133rd TMS Annual Meeting
CY MAR 14-18, 2004
CL Charlotte, NC
DE process modeling; computational fluid dynamics; aluminum scrap melting;
rotary furnace
AB During secondary aluminum recovery, aluminum scraps are melted and refined often
in a rotary melting furnace. The feed is normally a complex combination of aluminum
scraps with different sizes, shapes, compositions, and contaminations. During the
process, the scraps are charged into the rotary furnace, heated by the combustion
of natural gas, melted and refined under a molten salt layer. Efficient melting of
the scraps is a critical issue in order to achieve higher metal recovery, lower
energy and salt consumption, and less environmental impact. To study the scrap
melting behavior, a furnace process model has been developed based on a
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework, coupled with a user-developed scrap-
melting sub-model. The furnace model consists of a gas region with turbulent flow
and combustion as well as radiative heat transfer in the upper part of the furnace,
and a solid-liquid region of salt and aluminum metal in the lower part of the
furnace. The melting sub-model implemented in the CFD framework was modified from a
user developed melting model for a single aluminum particle in molten melts. To
represent the distributed nature of the scrap feed, aluminum scraps were classified
into several groups depending on their properties, e.g. size of the scraps. The
melting behavior of aluminum scrap was simulated with the exchange of information
between the melting sub-model and the CFD calculations. Heat sink due to scrap
melting was calculated by the sub-model and fed back to the CFD model as source
term of the energy equation. Gas flow in the top combustion space and temperature
distributions in the furnace calculated by the CFD model was used to calculate the
melting rate of aluminum scrap in the sub-model. The influence of scrap size
distribution on melting behavior was studied.
RP Zhou, B (corresponding author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci,
CR *ANSYS INC, ANSYS CFX 5 MAN DOC
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TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1, P1249
ZHOU B, 2002, TMS FALL 2002 EXTR P, P527
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-567-0
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2004
BP 919
EP 924
PG 6
GA BAG45
UT WOS:000222084100147
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, M
Liu, CY
Ding, AT
Xiao, CL
AF Li, Ming
Liu, Chuanying
Ding, Anting
Xiao, Chengliang
TI A review on the extraction and recovery of critical metals using molten
salt electrolysis
LA English
DT Review
DE Critical metal; Molten salt electrolysis; Extraction; Recovery;
Separation
ID CEMENTED CARBIDE SCRAP; NI ALLOY-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL FORMATION; WC
SCRAP; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; URANIUM OXIDE; RARE-EARTHS; ND ALLOYS; DY-FE;
SEPARATION
AB Recently, the demand for critical metals in strategic emerging industries has
exploded. The development of clean, efficient, and simple extraction methods for
critical metals, as well as new technologies for the high-value utilization of
critical metals in secondary resources will help to achieve a sustainable supply of
critical metals and promote the rapid development of strategic emerging industries.
High temperature molten salt electrolysis is an economical and green metal
extraction method that plays a vital role in energy supply and resource extraction.
Therefore, this article aims to review the application of high temperature molten
salt electrolysis technology in the extraction and recovery of critical metals.
First, the application status of high temperature molten salt electrolysis
technology in aluminum and titanium industries was taken as an example, and the
technical methods and technical difficulties in the extraction of critical metals
from raw ore resources are introduced and analyzed. After that, the high
temperature molten salt electrolysis technology was introduced into the field of
secondary resources recovery, and the application of molten salt electrolysis
technology in secondary resources, such as spent lithium-ion batteries, abandoned
rare earth metal materials, spent fuel, and waste cemented carbide scrap, was
systematically summarized. Several different high temperature molten salt
technologies are discussed to explore the promising route in terms of environmental
protection, technological innovation, and economic feasibility. Finally, the
possible problems in the industrial application of high temperature molten salt
electrolysis technology are summarized, and the future development direction of
molten salt electrolysis technology is proposed.
C1 [Li, Ming; Liu, Chuanying; Ding, Anting; Xiao, Chengliang] Inst Zhejiang Univ
Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Peoples R China.
[Li, Ming; Liu, Chuanying; Ding, Anting; Xiao, Chengliang] Zhejiang Univ, Coll
Chem & Biol Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University
RP Xiao, CL (corresponding author), Inst Zhejiang Univ Quzhou, Quzhou 324000,
Peoples R China.; Xiao, CL (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Chem & Biol
Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
EM sky-ming@zju.edu.cn; cyliu@zju.edu.cn; atding@zju.edu.cn;
xiaoc@zju.edu.cn
OI xiao, chengliang/0000-0001-5081-2398
FU Science and Technology Program of Institute of Zhejiang
University-Quzhou [IZQ2021KJ2004, IZQ2021KJ2036, IZQ2020KJ2014];
Research Funds of Institute of Zhejiang University -Quzhou
[IZQ2021RCZX025, IZQ2021RCZX011]
FX This research was financially supported by Science and Technology
Program of Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou (No. IZQ2021KJ2004,
No. IZQ2021KJ2036 and No. IZQ2020KJ2014) and the Research Funds of
Institute of Zhejiang University -Quzhou (No. IZQ2021RCZX025 and No.
IZQ2021RCZX011) .
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NR 124
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 49
U2 49
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2213-2929
EI 2213-3437
PD JUN
PY 2023
VL 11
IS 3
AR 109746
DI 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109746
EA MAR 2023
PG 18
SC Engineering
GA O3JF1
UT WOS:001042806600001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Harvey, JP
Courchesne, W
Vo, MD
Oishi, K
Robelin, C
Mahue, U
Leclerc, P
Al-Haiek, A
AF Harvey, Jean-Philippe
Courchesne, William
Minh Duc Vo
Oishi, Kentaro
Robelin, Christian
Mahue, Ugo
Leclerc, Philippe
Al-Haiek, Alexandre
TI Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact
mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review
SO MRS ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY
LA English
DT Review
DE Metal; materials sourcing; chemical reaction; environmental impact;
sustainability; lifecycle
ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ELECTRIC-ARC FURNACE; WASTE HEAT-RECOVERY;
HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; RECYCLABLE METAL FUELS; CERMET INERT ANODE;
OF-THE-ART; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
AB Metals and alloys are among the most technologically important materials for our
industrialized societies. They are the most common structural materials used in
cars, airplanes and buildings, and constitute the technological core of most
electronic devices. They allow the transportation of energy over great distances
and are exploited in critical parts of renewable energy technologies. Even though
primary metal production industries are mature and operate optimized
pyrometallurgical processes, they extensively rely on cheap and abundant
carbonaceous reactants (fossil fuels, coke), require high power heating units
(which are also typically powered by fossil fuels) to calcine, roast, smelt and
refine, and they generate many output streams with high residual energy content.
Many unit operations also generate hazardous gaseous species on top of large CO2
emissions which require gas-scrubbing and capture strategies for the future.
Therefore, there are still many opportunities to lower the environmental footprint
of key pyrometallurgical operations. This paper explores the possibility to use
greener reactants such as bio-fuels, bio-char, hydrogen and ammonia in different
pyrometallurgical units. It also identifies all recycled streams that are available
(such as steel and aluminum scraps, electronic waste and Li-ion batteries) as well
as the technological challenges associated with their integration in primary metal
processes. A complete discussion about the alternatives to carbon-based reduction
is constructed around the use of hydrogen, metallo-red uction as well as inert
anode electrometallurgy. The review work is completed with an overview of the
different approaches to use renewable energies and valorize residual heat in
pyrometallurgical units. Finally, strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of
pyrometallurgical operations such as CO2 capture utilization and storage as well as
gas scrubbing technologies are detailed. This original review paper brings together
for the first time all potential strategies and efforts that could be deployed in
the future to decrease the environmental footprint of the pyrometallurgical
industry. It is primarily intended to favour collaborative work and establish
synergies between academia, the pyrometallurgical industry, decision-makers and
equipment providers.
C1 [Harvey, Jean-Philippe; Courchesne, William; Minh Duc Vo; Oishi, Kentaro;
Robelin, Christian; Mahue, Ugo] Polytech Montreal, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Res Computat
Thermochem CRCT, Stn Downtown,Box 6079, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada.
[Leclerc, Philippe; Al-Haiek, Alexandre] LAh Serv GP, R&D & Engn Serv, Montreal,
PQ H4N 0A7, Canada.
C3 Universite de Montreal; Polytechnique Montreal
RP Harvey, JP (corresponding author), Polytech Montreal, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Res
Computat Thermochem CRCT, Stn Downtown,Box 6079, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada.
EM jean-philippe.harvey@polymtl.ca
RI OISHI, Kentaro/AEU-2168-2022
OI OISHI, Kentaro/0000-0001-5367-6619
FU Lecuyer family Philanthropic chair on metal recycling at Polytechnique
Montreal
FX The authors would like to thank the Lecuyer family Philanthropic chair
on metal recycling at Polytechnique Montreal for supporting financially
this research effort. We would also like to thank Prof. Jason Tavares
and Dr. Pascal Coursol for their constructive criticism of our work.
Their useful comments were considered in the final version of the
manuscript.
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NR 367
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 12
U2 34
PU SPRINGERNATURE
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2329-2229
EI 2329-2237
J9 MRS ENERGY SUSTAIN
JI MRS Energy Sustain.
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 9
IS 2
BP 212
EP 247
DI 10.1557/s43581-022-00042-y
EA SEP 2022
PG 36
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA 6I5JY
UT WOS:000850741600001
PM 36569468
OA hybrid, Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Xu, L
Liu, Y
Chen, M
Wang, N
AF Xu, Lei
Liu, Yang
Chen, Min
Wang, Nan
TI Efficient Recycling of Valuable Metals from Waste Copper Slag by Using
Secondary Aluminum Dross as a Novel Reductant
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; MAGNETIC SEPARATION; SMELTER SLAG; EAF SLAG;
IRON; SOLUBILITY; FLOTATION; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; REUSE
AB In this work, an innovative and carbon-free smelting reduction process is
proposed to recycle valuable metals from waste copper slag using secondary aluminum
dross as a reductant. Experimental and thermodynamic investigations were carried
out to understand the reaction and separation process and its correlation with
smelting temperature, modified basicity (CaO/SiO2 mass ratio), and dross/slag
ratio. The interaction between MgO crucible and liquid slag was also revealed,
which was found to have a critical role in metal recovery. The reduction rates of
iron and copper are close to 100 pct, but their separation from slag during
smelting is highly sensitive to temperature and basicity. Higher modified basicity
(0.9 to 1.1) is essential to enhance the recovery of valuable metals because it can
reduce both MgO dissolution and slag viscosity. At optimal conditions, 98.6 pct Fe
and 98.3 pct Cu in the slag can be recovered as a high-purity alloy. Meanwhile,
similar to 99 pct of hazardous elements in the slag have been removed by a
reduction-evaporation mechanism. From the results, it is clear that aluminum dross
is an efficient, green, and cost-effective reductant for copper slag, by which
these two industrial wastes can be transformed into clean and value-added products.
(C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2022
C1 [Xu, Lei; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min; Wang, Nan] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met
Multimetall Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Lei; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min; Wang, Nan] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen
Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RP Xu, L (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimetall
Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RI Wang, Nan/JLL-3980-2023; Wang, Nan/ACI-4675-2022; Li, Guo/JNR-1700-2023;
Wang, Nan/ABA-1364-2021
OI Wang, Nan/0000-0001-5601-7838; Liu, Yang/0009-0004-0891-1607
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51804075, 51974080,
52074077, 52074081]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities [N2225020]
China [Grant Numbers 51804075, 51974080, 52074077 and 52074081] and the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant Number
N2225020].
10.1179/037195510X12772935654945
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402
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 6
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1073-5615
EI 1543-1916
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 53
IS 5
BP 2824
EP 2837
DI 10.1007/s11663-022-02567-6
EA JUN 2022
PG 14
Engineering
GA 4N3PL
UT WOS:000814041400001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, XF
Zhang, TA
Wang, K
Lv, G
Chao, X
Yang, XW
AF Li, Xiaofei
Zhang, Ting-An
Wang, Kun
Lv, Guozhi
Chao, Xi
Yang, Xuewei
TI Experimental Research on Vortex Melting Reduction of High-Iron Red Mud
(Bauxite Residue)
SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE High-iron red mud; Vortex melting reduction; Recovery iron; Pig iron
ID RECOVERY; ALUMINA; ACID
AB In this study, the advantages of the vortex melting reduction treatment of red
mud were verified. Vortex melting reduction can improve the feeding rate, promote
the reaction and the directional deposition of iron, which was conducive to the
separation of slag and gold. The effects of different adding methods, stirring
speed and reaction time on iron recovery were investigated by using red mud,
aluminum leached slag and calcified slag as raw materials. According to the
experiment, the best reaction conditions were that the raw material put into the
furnace by rolling pellets, stirring speed 125 RPM, and reaction time 30 min. The
results provided an experimental basis for the harmless and high-value utilization
of high-iron red mud treated by vortex melting reduction.
C1 [Li, Xiaofei; Zhang, Ting-An; Wang, Kun; Lv, Guozhi; Chao, Xi; Yang, Xuewei]
Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, TA (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819,
Peoples R China.
EM zta2000@163.net
RI li, xiao/HJP-5134-2023; li, xiao/HKV-8405-2023; YANG,
XUEWEI/C-8052-2011; LI, XIAO/IQV-9318-2023; Li, xiaofei/GXF-7187-2022
Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [N2025038]
FX work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 51874078). The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities of China (Grant No. N2025038).
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NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 11
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 0007-4861
EI 1432-0800
J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX
JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2022
VL 109
IS 1
SI SI
BP 155
EP 162
DI 10.1007/s00128-022-03501-x
EA MAR 2022
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 3B2JC
UT WOS:000773203700001
PM 35338371
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Nurjaman, F
Handoko, AS
Bahfie, F
Astuti, W
Suharno, B
AF Nurjaman, Fajar
Handoko, Anton Sapto
Bahfie, Fathan
Astuti, Widi
Suharno, Bambang
TI Effect of modified basicity in selective reduction process of limonitic
nickel ore
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
LA English
DT Article
DE Basicity; Selective reduction; Limonitic nickel ore; Ferronickel
ID LATERITE ORE; CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION; FERRONICKEL; IRON; BENEFICIATION;
SEPARATION; SAPROLITE; SLAG; CO
AB Basicity is an important parameter in the smelting of nickel laterite to obtain
lowtemperature melting point and low-liquidus slag viscosity, resulting in less
energy consumption and a more effective smelting process ferronickel production.
Nevertheless, it is still less studied in selective reduction of nickel laterite.
In this work, the effect of binary, ternary, and quaternary basicity limonitic
nickel ore had been investigated clearly to reveal the appropriate basicity in the
selective reduction process. The basicity was modified with the addition of CaO,
MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3 in nickel laterite. The reduction process was conducted in a
muffle furnace at 1150 degrees C for 60 min. It was continued with the magnetic
separation process to separate concentrate and tailing. The appropriate basicity
type in selective reduction of limonitic ore was 0.3 of ternary basicity (BT1) and
0.2 of quaternary basicity (BQ1), which had a similar nickel grade and recovery,
i.e., 6.08% and 88.33%, respectively. At low basicity, the addition of CaO and SiO2
could suppress the metallization of iron through troilite and fayalite formation,
respectively. Nevertheless, more CaO addition at high basicity could inhibit the
ferronickel agglomeration due to the formation of high melting point structures,
i.e., melilite. Modifying basicity with the addition of MgO and Al2O3 resulted in a
negative effect in selective reduction due to the formation of a complex structure
of forsterite and magnesioferrite (with an aluminum substitute), which was more
difficult to reduce than magnetite. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier
B.V.
C1 [Nurjaman, Fajar; Suharno, Bambang] Univ Indonesia, Met & Mat Engn Dept, Depok,
West Java, Indonesia.
[Nurjaman, Fajar; Handoko, Anton Sapto; Bahfie, Fathan; Astuti, Widi] Indonesian
Inst Sci, Res Unit Mineral Technol, Jakarta, Indonesia.
C3 University of Indonesia; National Research & Innovation Agency of
Indonesia (BRIN); Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
RP Nurjaman, F; Suharno, B (corresponding author), Univ Indonesia, Met & Mat Engn
Dept, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.; Nurjaman, F (corresponding author), Indonesian
Inst Sci, Res Unit Mineral Technol, Jakarta, Indonesia.
EM fajar.nurjaman@lipi.go.id; suharno@metal.ui.ac.id
RI Astuti, Widi/I-6890-2019
OI Bahfie, Fathan/0000-0003-3460-469X
FU Universitas Indonesia [NKB-648/UN2. RST/HKP.05.00/2020]
FX The authors would like thanks to the Universitas Indonesia for the PUTI
2020 grant with Contract No. NKB-648/UN2. RST/HKP.05.00/2020 for funding
this research and LIPI's science services for research laboratories.
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NR 35
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 2238-7854
EI 2214-0697
J9 J MATER RES TECHNOL
JI J. Mater. Res. Technol-JMRT
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2021
VL 15
BP 6476
EP 6490
DI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.052
EA DEC 2021
PG 15
Engineering
GA XW0WL
UT WOS:000735350300001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Bhaskar, M
Nalluswamy, T
Suresh, P
Anand, G
Koilraj, M
AF Bhaskar, M.
Nalluswamy, Tamilselvam
Suresh, P.
Anand, G.
Koilraj, M.
TI Recycling of Aluminum Chips in Die Casting Foundry
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METALCASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE melting loss; dross; flux; aluminum melting; metal recovery
ID DROSS; SEPARATION; ALLOYS
AB Aluminum alloys are widely used in the production of aerospace, aircraft, and
automotive components. The die casting components are subjected to post-processing
operations, such as milling and turning operations to get final shape, surface
finish, and dimensional tolerances. During machining operations large quantities of
material are removed from the cast components in the form of chips to achieve final
shape and size. The chips that are produced during machining operations are mixed
with oils, lubricants. This article discusses how effectively the aluminum can be
recovered from the chips with maximum metal recovery and minimum melting loss
without compromising quality and chemical composition. The different types of
techniques are employed, and their results are discussed in this paper. Al-Si8Cu3Fe
(LM24) alloy is selected for investigation purposes. The recovery techniques, such
as with flux, without flux, with different melting furnaces, with different melting
temperatures, with or without compacting, are studied.
C1 [Bhaskar, M.; Nalluswamy, Tamilselvam; Suresh, P.] MVJ Coll Engn, Bengaluru,
India.
[Anand, G.] Achariya Coll Engn, Pondicherry, India.
[Koilraj, M.] Nova Coll Engn & Technol, Vijayawada, India.
RP Bhaskar, M (corresponding author), MVJ Coll Engn, Bengaluru, India.
RI , Tamilselvam/AAE-2461-2019
OI , Tamilselvam/0000-0002-9021-9481
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10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.141
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NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER INT PUBL AG
PI CHAM
SN 1939-5981
EI 2163-3193
J9 INT J METALCAST
JI Int. J. Met.
PD JUL
PY 2022
VL 16
IS 3
BP 1575
EP 1583
DI 10.1007/s40962-021-00707-3
EA OCT 2021
PG 9
GA 2T4DW
UT WOS:000712355200002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kim, J
Azimi, G
AF Kim, Jihye
Azimi, Gisele
TI Valorization of electric arc furnace slag via carbothermic reduction
followed by acid baking - water leaching
LA English
DT Article
DE Acid baking - water leaching; Carbothermic reduction; Electric arc
furnace slag; Steelmaking slag; Waste valorization
ID BLAST-FURNACE; IRON-ORE; RECOVERY; SEPARATION; ALUNOGEN; TITANIUM
AB The current study is focused on developing a two-step pym-hydrometallurgical
process for the recovery of valuable components of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag
produced by the steelmaking industry. The first step (hot step) involves
carbothermic reduction of the EAF slag to recover iron along with niobium,
chromium, and manganese in a metallic phase and titanium, magnesium, and aluminum
in an iron-depleted slag phase. The second step (cold step) involves acid baking -
water leaching of the iron-depleted smelting slag to recover these metals in an
iron-depleted slag phase. Fractional factorial design of experiment and response
surface methodology were utilized to find the optimum operating parameters of the
two steps, respectively. The optimum operating conditions were determined to be
smelting temperature of 1600 degrees C, carbon to slag mass ratio of 0.12 g/gEAFS,
and no flux addition for carbothermic reduction and baking temperature of 185
degrees C, acid to smelting slag mass ratio of 2.03, baking time of 69.8 min, and
water to acid-baked slag ratio of 5.83 for acid baking - water leaching. The
metallic phase obtained in the smelting process contains 70.2 wt% iron, 17.3 wt%
manganese, 7.0 wt% chromium, and 0.2 wt% niobium. The developed extraction process
results in 86.4% titanium and 100% aluminum and magnesium extraction. We expect the
findings of this study to help enable the EAF slag valorization using the two-step
(hot and cold) pyro-hydrometallurgical process, contributing to sustainable
recycling and circular economy.
C1 [Kim, Jihye; Azimi, Gisele] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Lab
[Azimi, Gisele] Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 184 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S
3E4, Canada.
C3 University of Toronto; University of Toronto
RP Azimi, G (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Lab
Strateg Mat, 200 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.; Azimi, G (corresponding
author), Univ Toronto, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 184 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4,
Canada.
EM g.azimi@utoronto.ca
OI Kim, Jihye/0000-0002-7903-7855
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
[503603]; Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) [503616]; Tenova
Goodfellow [503604]
FX This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (NSERC) [503603], Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE)
[503616], and Tenova Goodfellow [503604]. We thank Mr. Vittorio Scipolo
from Tenova Goodfellow for the collaboration throughout the project. We
thank Mr. Kok Long Ng for help with SEM-EDS, Dr. Raiden Acosta for help
with XRD and alkali fusion, Dr. Yanan Liu for help with EPMA, and Mr.
Feng Liu for help with magnetic separation.
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NR 46
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD OCT
PY 2021
VL 173
AR 105710
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105710
EA JUN 2021
PG 12
GA TF4QG
UT WOS:000670702800013
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Diop, MA
Shi, ZN
Fafard, M
Bousso, SA
Tao, WJ
Wang, ZW
AF Diop, Mouhamadou A.
Shi, Zhongning
Fafard, Mario
Bousso, Sokhna Awa
Tao Wenju
Wang, Zhaowen
TI Green Power Furnaces in Aluminum Cast House for Scrap Preheating Using
CO2-Flue Gas
LA English
DT Article
DE Scrap; Flue gas; Preheating; Green power furnace; Energy efficiency
ID WASTE HEAT-RECOVERY; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOY
AB Implementing preheating furnaces in the aluminum industry, powered by waste
heat, has been a subject of interest due to the economic and energy-saving
benefits. Metal holding furnaces, keeping aluminum in a liquid state (approx. 760
degrees C) before casting, are powered by fuel burners. Hot flue gas escapes the
cast house furnaces at very high temperatures close to the aluminum melting point
and represents a significant energy loss. One can heat aluminum scrap by
redirecting hot flue gases from the holding furnace to a metal scrap preheating
furnace, which is to be melted, prior to loading them in the metal melting furnace.
Introducing a preheating step, incredibly hot flue gas, will reduce the melting
time required while saving energy. This present study examines the effectiveness of
preheating aluminum sow and billet profiles with hot flue gases and find the
optimal design considerations for a preheating furnace. Different approaches to
achieve quantitative heat treatment in batch homogenizing furnaces were evaluated.
Heat transfer modeling, analysis of flue gas furnace, and sows' temperature coupled
with thermodynamic analysis improve thermal equation prediction precision.
Turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer physics are used in a computational fluid
dynamics model to simulate aluminum heating by hot gas.
C1 [Diop, Mouhamadou A.; Shi, Zhongning; Tao Wenju; Wang, Zhaowen] Northeastern
Univ, Sch Met, Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Fafard, Mario] Laval Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Water, MACE3 Chair Ind Res,
Pavillon Adrien Pouliot 1065,Av Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.
[Bousso, Sokhna Awa] Khalifa Univ, Masdar Inst, Dept Mech Engn, POB 127788, Abu
Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
C3 Northeastern University - China; Laval University; Khalifa University of
Science & Technology
RP Diop, MA (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Wenhua Rd, Shenyang
EM diop@smm.neu.edu.cn
OI diop, mouhamadou/0000-0002-9043-1861
FU Institute of Light Metal Metallurgy, Northeastern University
FX The authors are grateful for the support of the Institute of Light Metal
Metallurgy, Northeastern University. M. Diop is thankful to Dr. Thomas
Arink from Masdar/EGA for helpful discussions on industrial furnace.
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NR 35
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 2199-3823
EI 2199-3831
J9 J SUSTAIN METALL
JI J. SUST. METALL.
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 7
IS 1
BP 46
EP 59
DI 10.1007/s40831-020-00323-1
EA JAN 2021
PG 14
Engineering
Engineering
GA QT6PX
UT WOS:000604835000006
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, TY
Wang, Z
Guo, L
Guo, ZC
AF Li, Tian-yang
Wang, Zhe
Guo, Lei
Guo, Zhan-cheng
TI Recovery of zinc from Zn-Al-Fe alloys by gas pressure filtration
SO JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Galvanizing dross; Gas pressure filtration; Zinc recovery; Iron removal;
Separation
ID DROSS; SEPARATION; RESISTANCE; COATINGS; IRON
AB The recovery of zinc from galvanizing dross and the removal of iron contained
dross particles by gas pressure filtration were investigated using the model of Zn-
Fe-Al alloys. The majority of molten zinc was separated after filtration, and the
residue intercepted by the filter consisting mostly of dross particles. The effects
of the pressure differential (p), separation temperature (T) and alloy composition
on the zinc recovery and iron removal were investigated. Atp = 0.30 MPa andT = 723
K, 86.2 wt.% zinc was recovered from the Zn-4Al-2Fe alloy, and up to 99.9 wt.% of
the iron was concentrated in the residue. Applying a higher pressure differential
led to the improved filtration efficiency, and the desired separation temperature
was about 723 K. The aluminum content in the Zn-Al-Fe alloy had little effect on
separation efficiency, whereas increasing the iron content led to a decrease in the
separation efficiency. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the gas pressure
filtration method for the recovery of zinc from galvanizing dross.
C1 [Li, Tian-yang; Wang, Zhe; Guo, Lei; Guo, Zhan-cheng] Univ Sci & Technol
EM ltylitianyang@163.com; zhewang@ustb.edu.cn; leiguo@ustb.edu.cn;
zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
RI Guo, Z. C./AAS-1733-2021
OI Li, Tianyang/0000-0002-1647-1857
Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-TP-19-010A2]
China (No. 51704022) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (FRF-TP-19-010A2).
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NR 22
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1006-706X
EI 2210-3988
J9 J IRON STEEL RES INT
JI J. Iron Steel Res. Int.
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 27
IS 11
BP 1322
EP 1330
DI 10.1007/s42243-020-00441-w
EA JUN 2020
PG 9
GA OG4GB
UT WOS:000544230500001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kevorkijan, V
Skapin, SD
Kovacec, U
AF Kevorkijan, Varuzan
Skapin, Sreco Davor
Kovacec, Uros
TI The Nondestructive Determination of the Aluminum Content in Pressed
Skulls of Aluminum Dross
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
AB During production of primary and secondary aluminum, various amounts (in some
cases up to 200 kg) of aluminum dross, a mixture consisting of molten aluminum
metal and different oxide compounds (the nonmetallic phase), are skimmed per tonne
of molten metal. To preserve the maximum aluminum content in hot dross for further
extraction, it is necessary to cool the dross immediately after skimming. One way
to do this is to press the skimmed hot dross in a press. In this process, the
skimmed dross is transformed into so-called pressed skulls, with characteristic
geometry convenient for storage, transport, or further in-house processing. Because
of its high aluminum content-usually between 30% and 70%-pressed skulls represent a
valuable source of aluminum and hence are in great demand in the aluminum recycling
industry. Because pressed skulls are generally valued on a free-metal recovery
basis, which is influenced by the yield of recovery, or in other words, by the
quality of the recycling process, it was recognized as important and useful to
develop a method of fast and cost-effective nondestructive measurement of the free
aluminum content in pressed skulls, independent of the technology of pressed skulls
recycling. In the model developed in this work, the aluminum content in pressed
skulls was expressed as a function of the pressed skulls density, the density of
the nonmetallic phase, and the volume fraction of closed pores. In addition, the
model demonstrated that under precisely defined conditions (i.e., skulls from the
dross of the same aluminum alloy and skimmed, transported, cooled, and pressed in
the same way and under the same processing conditions), when other parameters
except the pressed skulls density remain constant, the aluminum content in pressed
skulls can be expressed as a linear function of the pressed skulls density.
Following the theoretical considerations presented in this work, a practical
industrial methodology was developed for nondestructive prediction of the amount of
free aluminum in pressed skulls w (Al), based on nondestructive measurement of the
density rho of the pressed skulls. The pressed skulls density is measured by a
fully automatic gas displacement pyknometer with a working volume large enough to
enable the insertion of the whole pressed skull sample. An additional integral part
of this methodology is the set of experimentally determined linear graphs w (Al)-
rho, plotted in advance for all classes of pressed skulls existing in the plant,
from the experimentally collected data on pressed skulls density and aluminum
recovery by melting. After selecting the proper graph w (Al)-rho, which is usually
performed on an aluminum alloy basis, the pyknometric measured density of the
pressed skulls can be routinely related to the aluminum content sought, within a
relative error of +/- 5%.
C1 [Skapin, Sreco Davor] Jozef Stefan Inst, Adv Mat Dept, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
[Kovacec, Uros] Impol Aluminum Ind, Slovenska 2310, Bistrica, Slovenia.
C3 Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts (SASA); Jozef Stefan Institute
RP Kevorkijan, V (corresponding author), Betnavska Cesta 6, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
EM varuzan.kevorkijan@impol.si
CR [Anonymous], 2009, US Patent Application, Patent No. 20110197670
Bohlinger I., 1997, JOM, V47, P48
Jian-Ping H., 2010, T NONFERR METAL SOC, V20, P2155
Karl V., 2001, WIPO Patent Application, Patent No. [WO/2001/020300, 2001020300]
Kevorkijan V, 2002, JOM-J MIN MET MAT S, V54, P34, DOI 10.1007/BF02701070
Peel AM, 2010, MATER SCI FORUM, V630, P53
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD FEB
PY 2013
VL 65
IS 2
BP 284
EP 293
DI 10.1007/s11837-012-0501-3
PG 10
GA 064HM
UT WOS:000313064800019
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Bruckard, WJ
Walta, P
Woodcock, JT
AF Bruckard, WJ
Walta, P
Woodcock, JT
BE Kvande, H
TI The recovery of aluminium metal from primary and secondary aluminium
drosses by wet grinding and screening
SE LIGHT METALS
LA English
CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual
Meeting
CY FEB 13-17, 2005
CL San Francisco, CA
DE aluminium; primary aluminium dross; secondary aluminium dross; grinding;
screening
ID SLAGS
AB Aluminium drosses are waste products formed during the smelting and re-melting
of aluminium. They are toxic and expensive to dump, but contain potentially
valuable metallic aluminium. Tests on three Australian drosses containing 4-16%
metallic aluminium (Al(0)) showed that it was possible to obtain high recoveries of
Al(0) in high grade concentrates by wet grinding and screening.
Characterisation of the drosses showed that they were complex mixtures of
metallics, oxides, nitrides, carbides, and water-soluble salts. Aluminium was
present as Al(0), AlN, Al(5)O(6)N, Al(4)C(3), Al(2)O(3), NaAl(11)O(17),
Na(3)AlF(6), and MgAl(2)O(4). The P(80) of the drosses ranged from 290 mu m to 750
mu m.
After wet grinding in a ball mill for 20-30 min the P(80) of the drosses was
reduced to 38-74 mu m. Screening of the ground dross, and assay of the size
fractions, showed that the malleable aluminium prills had been flattened and
reported in the coarser size fractions, while the softer and/or more brittle non-
metallics reported to the finer fractions.
For primary dross, screening at 150 mu m (which is commercially practicable),
recovered 95% of the metallic aluminium in a product assaying 90% Al(0). Secondary
drosses gave 54-63% recovery in concentrates assaying 66-70% Al(0). It is believed
that these concentrates can be directly re-melted, thus providing an economic
benefit.
C1 CSIRO Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
RP Bruckard, WJ (corresponding author), CSIRO Minerals, Box 312, Clayton, Vic 3169,
Australia.
CR Bahr A., 1978, COMPLEX METALLURGY 7, P134
BECKMANN M, 1991, ALUMINIUM DUESSELDOR, V67, P589
Bohlinger I., 1997, JOM, V47, P48
Bruckard WJ, 2004, AUSTRALAS I MIN MET, V2004, P217
FAIR KJ, 1987, CIM BULL, V80, P73
HANGI AM, 2002, J MET, V54, P24
MAH K, 1986, CONSERV RECYCLING, V9, P325, DOI 10.1016/0361-3658(86)90067-6
PRYOR EJ, 1983, MINERAL PROCESSING, P179
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-580-8
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2005
BP 1203
EP 1208
PG 6
GA BBX43
UT WOS:000228234700208
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Leinum, T
Rasch, B
AF Leinum, T
Rasch, B
BE Anjier, JL
TI Crucible fluxing of potroom metal in a Norsk Hydro cast shop effect on
dross reduction and increased metal recovery
SE Light Metals
LA English
CY FEB 11-15, 2000
CL NEW ORLEANS, LA
AB Potroom metal Hydro Aluminum Sunndal contains approximately 50 ppm sodium (Na)
as it enters the cast house. New equipment for fluxing the potroom metal with AlF3
and Argon directly in the lapping crucible was installed in October 1998. In the
crucible fluxing process, a half-life period for Na of 2 minutes is obtained. The
Na content is reduced to typically 1 - 5 ppm before the metal is charged into the
casting furnace. The process has caused 23 pet reduction in the amount of dress in
the cast house. Today, the dress amounts to less than 1 pet of the metal flow. In
addition, the metal recovery from dress has increased from 61 to 73 pet. The net
metal loss is reduced from approximately 0,25 to 0,135 pet of the total metal
production. The reduction in metal loss (i.e. burn up) may be explained by removal
of Na as a catalyst in the oxidizing process.
C1 Hydro Aluminium Sunndal, Cast Shop, N-6600 Sunndalsora, Norway.
RP Leinum, T (corresponding author), Hydro Aluminium Sunndal, Cast Shop, N-6600
Sunndalsora, Norway.
CR GUSSIAS O, DISCUSSIONS INTERNAL
Rasch B, 1998, LIGHT METALS 1998, P851
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 0-87339-480-1
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2001
BP 1049
EP 1052
PG 4
GA BR84P
UT WOS:000167758100148
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Stevens, W
Tremblay, F
AF Stevens, W
Tremblay, F
BE Huglen, R
TI Fundamentals of UBC decoating/delacquering for efficient melting
LA English
CY FEB 09-13, 1997
CL ORLANDO, FL
AB Aluminum used beverage cans (UBC) should be cleaned to completely remove all
organic residues to maximize metal recovery on remelting. This process should also
minimize oxide formation.
The aluminum industry uses three principal decoating technologies. The most used
is the rotary kiln. The other processes are the belt decoater and the fluidized bed
decoater.
The presentation will cover the fundamental principles for decoating shredded
UBC to minimize metal loss on remelting. Laboratory work and plant trials have
shown that the requirements for complete decoating are:
correct temperature range for the coatings to be pyrolized;
good "process gas to shred" contact for all the scrap;
sufficient oxygen being present to complete the oxidation of the carbon
compounds present.
The basic principles of the three decoating technologies used for the decoating
of UBC will be discussed in relation to how they correspond to the fundamental
process requirements.
C1 Alcan Int Ltd, Arvida Res & Dev Ctr, Jonquiere, PQ G7S 4K8, Canada.
C3 ALCAN International Limited
RP Stevens, W (corresponding author), Alcan Int Ltd, Arvida Res & Dev Ctr, 1955
Mellon Blvd,POB 1250, Jonquiere, PQ G7S 4K8, Canada.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-362-7
PY 1997
BP 709
EP 713
PG 3
Engineering
GA BK32P
UT WOS:000071821400104
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shi, M
Li, Y
AF Shi, Ming
Li, Ying
TI Performance Improvement in Aluminum Alloy Treated by Salt Flux with
Different Fluorides
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum alloy; interfacial tension; mechanism; salt flux; secondary
aluminum dross
ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; MOLTEN ALUMINUM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
INCLUSIONS; DROSS; EMBRITTLEMENT; TEMPERATURE; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR
AB The optimum fluoride component in the salt flux used to purify aluminum alloy
was determined in the present work. The interfacial tension between aluminum alloy
and salt flux with different fluoride salt additions at 740 degrees C was measured
to evaluate the performance improvement in the aluminum alloy. The results showed
that the interfacial tension between aluminum alloy and salt flux decreased with
the addition of KF, NaF, Na3AlF6, MgF2 and AlF3. The interfacial tension between
alumina and salt flux increased with the addition of KF and NaF, while decreased
with the addition of Na3AlF6, MgF2 and AlF3. It was found that the salt flux with
KF can significantly affect the interfacial tension between aluminum and salt flux
to achieve excellent purification of molten aluminum. The A356 aluminum alloy
treated by 0.5 wt.% salt flux with 5 wt.% KF contained less gas and inclusions and
exhibited excellent mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 276 MPa,
yield strength of 136 MPa and elongation rate of 9%.
C1 [Shi, Ming; Li, Ying] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning,
Peoples R China.
[Shi, Ming; Li, Ying] Northeastern Univ, Liaoning Key Lab Met Sensor Mat &
Technol, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819,
Liaoning, Peoples R China.; Li, Y (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ,
Liaoning Key Lab Met Sensor Mat & Technol, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
EM liying@mail.neu.edu.cn
51704068]
FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (51834004, 51774076 and 51704068).
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NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1059-9495
EI 1544-1024
J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM
JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 32
IS 7
BP 3065
EP 3072
DI 10.1007/s11665-022-07306-1
EA SEP 2022
PG 8
GA C4HI7
UT WOS:000854694700002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Mwase, JM
Vafeias, M
Marinos, D
Dimitrios, P
Safarian, J
AF Mwase, James Malumbo
Vafeias, Michail
Marinos, Danai
Dimitrios, Panias
Safarian, Jafar
TI Investigating Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide Production from Sodium Aluminate
Solutions in the Pedersen Process
SO PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE leaching; desilication; precipitation; alumina; Pedersen process
AB This study investigates applying the principles of the long-discontinued
Pedersen process as a possible route for producing metallurgical grade alumina from
low-grade and secondary feed materials. The investigation focused on the
hydrometallurgical steps in the process, namely leaching, desilication, and
precipitation, and adapting it to valorize bauxite residue. The test material used
was a calcium-aluminate slag made by the smelting-reduction of a mixture of bauxite
residue (dewatered red mud) and a calcium-rich bauxite beneficiation by-product.
Samples of the slag were leached in a 1 L jacketed glass reactor with Na2CO3
solution, varying Na2CO3 concentration and leaching time. Additionally, different
approaches to leaching involving mechanical treatment of the leached slag and re-
leaching using either fresh or recycled solution were also explored. The
desilication step was carried out by treating the leachate solution with powdered
CaO, varying the amounts of CaO used. Finally, the desilicated leach solution was
sparged with a CO2 gas mixture, after which the precipitate was allowed to age in
the solution. The carbonation and aging temperatures and times were varied. As much
as 67% of the Al was leached from the slag. The desilication process successfully
removed 88% of the Si. The precipitation process produced a product composed mostly
of bayerite [Al(OH)(3)], but some tests had considerable amounts of the unwanted
phase dawsonite [NaAlCO3(OH)(2)]. The results indicated that the highest Al
recovery was obtained using low concentrations of Na2CO3 solutions, and aluminum
tri hydroxide is formed from these solutions at low temperatures at a fast rate
compared to higher solution concentrations and temperatures.
C1 [Mwase, James Malumbo; Safarian, Jafar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept
Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
[Vafeias, Michail; Marinos, Danai; Dimitrios, Panias] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch
Min & Met Engn, Athens 15780, Greece.
C3 Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); National Technical
University of Athens
RP Mwase, JM (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat
Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
EM james.mwase@ntnu.no; michalisvafeias@gmail.com;
danaimarinou27@gmail.com; panias@metal.ntua.gr; jafar.safarian@ntnu.no
OI Panias, Dimitrios/0000-0002-0432-6900; Safarian,
Jafar/0000-0003-3584-8581
FU European Union [767533]; H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [767533]
Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
FX This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement 767533. We also
thank the partners in the ENSUREAL consortium for their continued
support.
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NR 38
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2227-9717
J9 PROCESSES
JI Processes
PD JUL
PY 2022
VL 10
IS 7
AR 1370
DI 10.3390/pr10071370
PG 21
SC Engineering
GA 3J1PW
UT WOS:000833175700001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, LX
Chen, M
Sun, XL
AF Zhang, Lingxi
Chen, Min
Sun, Xiaolei
TI Evolution of Viscosity and Structure Property during Aluminothermic
Reduction of Vanadium-Enriched Slag
SO STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE apparent activation energy; degree of polymerization; structures;
vanadium slag; viscosity
ID VISCOUS BEHAVIOR; APPARENT VISCOSITY; EXTRACTION PROCESS; RECOVERY;
MELTS; TEMPERATURE; GLASSES; TIO2; PHASE; DROSS
AB Aluminum dross is a promising reductant for extracting vanadium to enable the
direct production of ferrovanadium alloy in pre-reduced vanadium-rich slag (PVS).
The evolution of the viscosity of PVS is measured with various A/M ratios
(w(Al2O3)/w(FeO + Cr2O3 + MnO + V2O3 + Al2O3)), representing different reduction
stages. The compositions and structural properties of the melts are analyzed using
X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The
results show that with an increase in the mass ratio of Al2O3 to
(FeO+Cr2O3+MnO+V2O3+Al2O3) in the slag transformed from a solid-liquid mixture to a
single liquid phase at 1873 K. When A/M increases from 0.29 to 0.53, Q(0) and Q(1)
polymerize into Q(2), resulting in a slow increase in viscosity from 0.091 to 0.158
Pa s. As A/M further increased to 1.00, Q(0) disappeared, Q(3) appeared, and the
fraction of Al-O-Si increased to 37.7%, indicating that the simple aluminosilicate
structural units are polymerized into complex structural units. Meanwhile, the
viscosity increases to 0.338 Pa s. Al2O3 acts as a network former and strengthens
the degree of polymerization of the melt. The variation ranges of the apparent
activation energy, structural complexity, and the average number of non-bridging
oxygen are 139.23-215.12 kJ mol(-1), 0.57-2.97, and 2.16-1.05, respectively.
C1 [Zhang, Lingxi; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met
Multimetall Ores, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Lingxi; Chen, Min; Sun, Xiaolei] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met
Multimetall Ores, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.; Chen, M
(corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang
EM chenm@smm.neu.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51774073, 51974080]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant numbers 51774073, 51974080) which has made
this research possible.
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NR 64
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 18
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1611-3683
EI 1869-344X
J9 STEEL RES INT
JI Steel Res. Int.
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 93
IS 6
AR 2100738
DI 10.1002/srin.202100738
EA FEB 2022
PG 11
GA 1R9DP
UT WOS:000750321900001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Deng, P
Li, L
Jia, YQ
Liu, DC
Jiang, WL
Kong, LX
AF Deng, Pan
Li, Liang
Jia, Yaoqiang
Liu, Dachun
Jiang, Wenlong
Kong, Lingxin
TI Chlorination Behavior of Low-Grade Titanium Slag in
AlCl3-NaCl Molten Salt
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID VANADIUM SLAG; HEAVY-METALS; FLY-ASH; IRON; ORE; EXTRACTION; MANGANESE;
RECOVERY; ILMENITE; CHLORIDE
AB Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is an effective chlorinating agent and catalyst for
the chlorination of low-grade titanium slag to produce titanium tetrachloride in
molten salts. In this paper, the chlorination behavior of low-grade titanium slag
by anhydrous AlCl3 in AlCl3-NaCl molten salt was investigated. Thermodynamic
analysis revealed that aluminum chloride can be an effective agent for low-grade
titanium slag, and that the addition of NaCl can form a compound molten salt
together with AlCl3 to prevent the evaporation of AlCl3.chlorination experiments
were conducted on low-grade titanium slag in AlCl3-NaCl molten salt to investigate
the effects of temperature and the amounts of aluminum chloride and sodium chloride
added. Under optimized experimental conditions, the selective separation of
titanium from the titanium slag was effectively achieved, and the extraction rate
of titanium reached 79.6%. Other impurity elements in the form of oxides or
chlorides remained in the residue. Finally, a reaction mechanism for the extraction
of titanium from low-grade titanium slag in AlCl3-NaCl molten salt has been
proposed.
C1 [Deng, Pan; Li, Liang; Jia, Yaoqiang; Liu, Dachun; Jiang, Wenlong; Kong,
Lingxin] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Vacuum Met, Kunming 650093,
Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Deng, Pan; Li, Liang; Jia, Yaoqiang; Liu, Dachun; Jiang, Wenlong; Kong,
Lingxin] State Key Lab Complex Nonferrous Met Resources Cl, Kunming 650093, Yunnan,
Peoples R China.
[Deng, Pan; Li, Liang; Jia, Yaoqiang; Liu, Dachun; Jiang, Wenlong; Kong,
Lingxin] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan,
Peoples R China.
[Li, Liang] Pangang Grp Res Inst Co Ltd, State Key Lab Vanadium & Titanium
Comprehens Util, Panzhihua 617000, Peoples R China.
Science & Technology
RP Liu, DC (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Engn Lab Vacuum
Met, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Liu, DC (corresponding author),
State Key Lab Complex Nonferrous Met Resources Cl, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples
R China.; Liu, DC (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met &
Energy Engn, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM 20172102018@stu.kust.edu.cn
RI jiang, wen/GYI-9662-2022
Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province [2019
YJ0687]
FX The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51874156; 21968013) and the
Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province (Grant No.
2019 YJ0687).
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NR 34
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD JAN
PY 2022
VL 74
IS 1
BP 213
EP 221
DI 10.1007/s11837-021-05014-0
EA NOV 2021
PG 9
GA YD3KS
UT WOS:000721485200002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Liu, C
Sun, SC
Tu, GF
Xiao, FX
AF Liu, Chuan
Sun, Shuchen
Tu, Ganfeng
Xiao, Faxin
TI A novel method for extraction of platinum from spent automotive
catalyst: utilization of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst as flux
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Metal collector; platinum recovery; solid waste; FCC; high temperature
ID GROUP METALS; PRECIOUS METALS; FCC CATALYST; RECOVERY; WASTE;
VISCOSITIES; CONVERTERS; ALUMINUM; GLASS; SLAG
AB A novel method of smelting of mixture of spent automotive catalyst (SAC) and
spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCC) to recover platinum and prepare
glass slag was investigated. Compared to other metals collection processes for
single hazardous waste solid, this method reduced the amount of fluxing materials
addition and increased the processing types of hazardous solid waste
simultaneously. The optimum SFCC addition, iron collector addition, Na2B2O4 center
dot 10H(2)O addition, CaO/SiO2 mass ratio, temperature, and holding time for
platinum recovery were 20, 11, 16 wt%, 0.6, 1550-1600 degrees C, and 60 min,
respectively. In this proposed combined process, more than 98% of platinum is
efficiently recovered from SAC. Meanwhile, the concentration of platinum in glass
slag was less than 7 g/t. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in slag
confirmed the obtained glass slag is a non-hazardous slag due to the low leaching
rate of heavy metal ions. This article proposed an effective and environmentally
friendly method for the recovery of platinum from SAC via a combined smelting
process.
C1 [Liu, Chuan; Sun, Shuchen; Tu, Ganfeng; Xiao, Faxin] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met,
Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
RP Sun, SC (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819,
Liaoning, Peoples R China.
EM sunsc@smm.neu.edu.cn
FX This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and
Development Program of China (No: 2019YFC1907500).
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NR 38
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 18
PI ABINGDON
SN 0959-3330
EI 1479-487X
J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL
JI Environ. Technol.
PD JAN 15
PY 2023
VL 44
IS 2
BP 139
EP 149
DI 10.1080/09593330.2021.1965662
EA AUG 2021
PG 11
GA 7Z7HQ
UT WOS:000685759200001
PM 34355658
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Hujova, M
Monich, PR
Kankova, H
Lucas, H
Xakalashe, B
Friedrich, B
Kraxner, J
Galusek, D
Bernardo, E
AF Hujova, Miroslava
Rabelo Monich, Patricia
Kankova, Hana
Lucas, Hugo
Xakalashe, Buhle
Friedrich, Bernd
Kraxner, Jozef
Galusek, Dusan
Bernardo, Enrico
TI New glass-based binders from engineered mixtures of inorganic waste
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE alkali activation; alumino-silicate glasses; gelation; leaching; waste
stabilization
ID RED MUD; ALKALINE ACTIVATION; GEOPOLYMERS; CALCIUM; IRON;
CRYSTALLIZATION; METAKAOLIN; HYDRATION; CERAMICS; STRENGTH
AB Aluminum is one of the most important strategic resources, but the Bayer
process, typically applied for the purification of ores, leads to vast amounts of
alkaline slurry waste, known as red mud. Though interesting for potential
reprocessing, red mud is still predominantly stored in big slurry pools, due to
high levels of toxic metals. Toxic ions can be easily immobilized by vitrification,
but the high costs of this solution need to be balanced by the reuse of the
obtained glass. The present paper is dedicated to the transformation of waste-
derived glass into new binders for the construction industry, according to both
"conventional melting" and "smelting" approaches. In the first case, red mud was
included in a mixture of waste, designed to yield a reactive glass (CMG), that is,
forming stable gels after activation in an alkaline aqueous solution. In the second
approach, red mud was subjected to a thermal treatment in a reductive atmosphere,
implying the separation of molten iron alloy. The remaining glassy slag, according
to its chemical composition (CaO and Al2O3-rich) underwent gelation by simple
interaction with pure water, without any alkaline activator, thus configuring a new
"glass cement."
C1 [Hujova, Miroslava; Kankova, Hana; Kraxner, Jozef; Galusek, Dusan] Alexander
Dubcek Univ Trencin, FunGlass Ctr Funct & Surface Functionalized Glass, Trencin,
Slovakia.
[Rabelo Monich, Patricia; Bernardo, Enrico] Univ Padua, Dept Ind Engn, Padua,
Italy.
[Lucas, Hugo; Xakalashe, Buhle; Friedrich, Bernd] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME
Proc Met & Met Recycling, Aachen, Germany.
[Xakalashe, Buhle] MINTEK, Pyromet Div, Randburg, South Africa.
[Galusek, Dusan] TnUAD, Joint Glass Ctr IIC SAS, Trencin, Slovakia.
[Galusek, Dusan] FChFT STU, Trencin, Slovakia.
C3 Alexander Dubcek University Trencin; University of Padua; RWTH Aachen
University; Alexander Dubcek University Trencin
RP Hujova, M (corresponding author), Alexander Dubcek Univ Trencin, FunGlass Ctr
Funct & Surface Functionalized Glass, Trencin, Slovakia.
EM miroslava.hujova@tnuni.sk
RI Kaňková, Hana/AAH-2949-2022; Kaňková, Hana/AFM-0554-2022; Galusek,
Dusan/H-2323-2011
OI Kaňková, Hana/0000-0001-5494-9754; Kaňková, Hana/0000-0001-5494-9754;
Hujova, Miroslava/0000-0003-0876-7292; Bernardo,
Enrico/0000-0003-4934-4405; Kraxner, Jozef/0000-0002-2159-4819; Galusek,
Dusan/0000-0001-5995-8780
FU European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [739566];
Slovak Grant Agency of Ministry of Education, Science, Research and
Sport, VEGA [2/0091/20]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation program, under the Marie Skodowska-Curie project "NEW-MINE"
(EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill
Mining) [721185]; University of Padova (Dept. of Industrial Engineering)
[BIRD202134]
FX This paper is a part of the dissemination activities of project
"FunGlass" (Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass).
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 739566. The
authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the
Slovak Grant Agency of Ministry of Education, Science, Research and
Sport, VEGA Nr 2/0091/20. Enrico Bernardo and Bernd Friedrich
acknowledge also the funding by the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation program, under the Marie Skodowska-Curie project
"NEW-MINE" (EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced
Landfill Mining), grant agreement no. 721185. Enrico Bernardo
acknowledges the additional funding from the University of Padova (Dept.
of Industrial Engineering), in the framework of the "SusPIRe"
(Sustainable porous ceramics from inorganic residues, BIRD202134).
Enrico Bernardo thanks Prof. Yiannis Pontikes (KU Leuven, Belgium) for
supplying coal combustion FA.
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NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA
SN 2041-1286
EI 2041-1294
J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI
JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2021
VL 12
IS 4
SI SI
BP 570
EP 580
DI 10.1111/ijag.16262
EA JUL 2021
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
GA UL3ZN
UT WOS:000674234600001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shabanov, Y
Baisanov, S
Grigorovich, K
Baisanova, A
Toleukadyr, R
Saulebek, Z
AF Shabanov, Ye
Baisanov, S.
Grigorovich, K.
Baisanova, A.
Toleukadyr, R.
Saulebek, Zh
TI RECOVERY OF LOW-CARBON FERROCHROME WITH MULTI-COMPONENT
ALUMINUM-SILICON-CHROME (Al - Si - Cr) ALLOY
SO METALURGIJA
LA English
DT Article
DE low-carbon ferrochrome; chemical composition; aluminum-silicon-chrome;
reductant; recovery
AB The paper describes pilot smelting of low-carbon ferrochrome (LCFC) with new
type of reductant - multi-component aluminum-silicon-chrome alloy (FASCh).
Provisional calculations confirmed by results of pilot smelting show that use of
FASCh alloy helps to stabilize LCFC slag and prevent its decomposition. Due to high
Al content in FASCh the phase area of slag shifts from dicalcium silicate (larnite-
Ca2SiO4) area into the helenite area (2 CaO center dot Al2O3 center dot SiO2).
C1 [Shabanov, Ye; Baisanov, S.; Toleukadyr, R.; Saulebek, Zh] Chem Met Inst,
Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
[Grigorovich, K.] A Baykov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow, Russia.
[Baisanova, A.] Karaganda State Tech Univ, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
C3 Chemical Metallurgical Institute of Zh.Abishev; Abylkas Saginov
Karaganda Technical University
RP Shabanov, Y (corresponding author), Chem Met Inst, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
EM ye.shabanov@gmail.com
RI Shabanov, Yerbol/N-6576-2017
OI Shabanov, Yerbol/0000-0001-6902-1211; , Ruslan/0000-0002-7191-8893;
Grigorovich, Konstantin/0000-0002-5669-4262; Saulebek,
Zhalgas/0000-0003-3852-7513
FU Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Kazakhstan [IRN: BR05236708, IRN AP05130225/SPh]
FX Research was made within the projects of Committee of Science of the
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for
2018-2020: IRN: BR05236708 (PTF) m IRN AP05130225/SPh.
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NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU CROATIAN METALLURGICAL SOC
PI ZAGREB
PA BERISLAVICEVA 6, ZAGREB, CROATIA
SN 0543-5846
EI 1334-2576
J9 METALURGIJA
JI Metalurgija
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 59
IS 4
BP 514
EP 516
PG 3
GA OU5YF
UT WOS:000591603500018
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, B
Liu, CJ
Jiang, MF
AF Zhang, Bo
Liu, Chengjun
Jiang, Maofa
TI A new method of red mud recycling in the process of hot metal
pretreatment
SO METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE red mud; recycling; hot metal pretreatment; desulfurization; slag-metal
interaction
ID OPTICAL BASICITY; DIRECT REDUCTION; IRON RECOVERY; SLAG;
DESULFURIZATION; RESIDUE; EXTRACTION; ADSORBENT; SULFUR; CARBON
AB To realize a large-scale consumption of red mud in the steelmaking industry, a
new recycling method was investigated through the pre-reduction roasting experiment
and the slag-metal interaction experiment simulating the hot metal pretreatment
process in the steelmaking industry. In virtue of the sensible heating of the hot
metal and the reducibility of [C] and [Si], the iron could be separated and
recovered from the pre-reduced red mud pellets into the hot metal directly with a
recovery rate exceeding 75%. With the composition adjustment of the residual oxides
in the pre-reduced red mud (PRRD) using CaO and Al2O3 or aluminium dross (AD), a
slag having a low melting point (below 1300 degrees C) and a high sulfide capacity
(lgC(S) = -2.3) was formed, and more than 94% of [S] in the hot metal could be
removed into this slag through the slag-metal interaction. The desulfurization
efficiency of the flux (PRRD-CaO-Al2O3; PRRD-CaO-AD) is approximate to the
traditional desulfurizing flux (CaO-CaF2). The advantages of this method are
summarized as the low energy cost and the slag valorization.
C1 [Zhang, Bo; Liu, Chengjun; Jiang, Maofa] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab
Ecol Met Multimetall Ores, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Bo; Liu, Chengjun; Jiang, Maofa] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang
RP Zhang, B (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol
Met Multimetall Ores, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.; Zhang, B (corresponding
author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
EM zhangbo@smm.neu.edu.cn
RI liu, xinyu/IWD-6630-2023
Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [2019-MS-123];
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [N180725008]
FX Financial support to this project is provided by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51774087; Grant No.51304042),
Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
No.2019-MS-123), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities (Grant No.N180725008).
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NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 18
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2271-3646
EI 2271-3654
J9 METALL RES TECHNOL
JI Metall. Res. Technol.
PD FEB 26
PY 2020
VL 117
IS 1
AR 115
DI 10.1051/metal/2020010
PG 7
GA KU2ZS
UT WOS:000519577400002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, TTN
Lee, MS
AF Thi Thuy Nhi Nguyen
Lee, Man Seung
TI Improvement of Alumina Dissolution from the Mechanically Activated Dross
Using Ultrasound-Assisted Leaching
SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF METALS AND MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE black dross; ball milling; NaOH leaching; alumina; ultrasound wave
ID ACID; RECOVERY; METALS
AB Aluminum dross results from the re-melting of used aluminum cans, and is a
valuable resource containing alumina. In general, aluminum dross contains oxides of
Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si and Ti and some salts. As a continuation of the previous work to
recover pure alumina from the dross, the effect of employing ultrasound wave in the
NaOH solution was investigated to improve the leaching percentage of alumina from
the mechanically activated dross. The use of ultrasound improved the leaching
percentage of alumina from 35% to 60% and resulted in a leaching solution where the
purity of aluminate ion was 99%. Among the optimum conditions (5 M NaOH, 50 degrees
C, 4 h, pulp density of 100 g/L and ultrasonic power 100 W), leaching time had a
remarkable effect on the dissolution of alumina in the presence of ultrasound. The
combined effect of ultrasound and the addition of CaCl2 and organic acids to the
NaOH solution was also investigated. Roasting of the black dross with CaCl2
followed by ultrasound leaching did not improve the leaching percentage of alumina.
The presence of organic acids in the NaOH solution increased the leaching
percentage of alumina as well as silica, and thus was not favorable for recovering
pure aluminate solution from the black dross.
C1 [Thi Thuy Nhi Nguyen; Lee, Man Seung] Mokpo Natl Univ, Inst Rare Met, Dept Adv
Mat Sci & Engn, Chungnam 58554, South Korea.
C3 Mokpo National University
RP Lee, MS (corresponding author), Mokpo Natl Univ, Inst Rare Met, Dept Adv Mat Sci
& Engn, Chungnam 58554, South Korea.
EM mslee@mokpo.ac.kr
FU Global Excellent Technology Innovation of the Korea Institute of Energy
Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) from the Ministry of Trade,
Industry AMP; Energy, Republic of Korea [20165010100880]
FX This work was supported by the Global Excellent Technology Innovation of
the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning
(KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry
& Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 20165010100880). We express sincere
thanks to the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju branch for
providing ICP-OES data.
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NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 26
PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS
PI SEOUL
PA KIM BLDG 6TH FLOOR, SEOCHO-DAERO 56 GIL 38, SEOCHO-GU, SEOUL 137-881,
SOUTH KOREA
SN 1738-8228
J9 KOREAN J MET MATER
JI Korean J. Met. Mater.
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 57
IS 3
BP 154
EP 161
DI 10.3365/KJMM.2019.57.3.154
PG 8
Engineering
GA HN6PZ
UT WOS:000460309500004
OA Green Submitted, gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Anisonyan, KG
Kopyev, DY
Olyunina, TV
Sadykhov, GB
AF Anisonyan, K. G.
Kopyev, D. Yu
Olyunina, T., V
Sadykhov, G. B.
TI Influence of Na2CO3 and CaCO3 additions
on the aluminate slag formation during a single-stage reducing roasting
of red mud
SO NON-FERROUS METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE red mud; alumina production; reducing roasting; cast iron; aluminate
slag
ID RECOVERY; SCANDIUM
AB Red mud is an alumina production waste. Due to the absence of effective
recycling technologies, red mud is practically not used and is stored in special
sludge deposits, representing a serious technogenic threat for the environment and
neighboring settlements. Tens of millions tons of red mud are sent to the dumps
every year. More than 100 million tons of red mud has been piled up in Russia. High
content of iron and aluminium in red mud requires a processing which provides an
effective separation of these components and obtaining iron-and aluminium-
containing products.
The present paper contains the results of the investigations focused on
developing a single-stage reducing roasting process with simultaneous production of
cast iron and aluminate slag, the main aluminium-containing component of which is a
water-soluble sodium aluminate. Forming of reguired slag composition is achieved by
adding Na2CO3 and CaCO3 to a furnace charge in definite proportions. It was studied
the influence of these additions on degree of aluminium extraction into solution
during the aluminate slag leaching in an alkalescent aqueous medium. It has been
determined that adding of 15% Na2CO3 and 20% CaCO3 provides the most complete
aluminium extraction into solution during leaching the product of the red mud
reducing roasting.
At the same time, an incomplete aluminium extraction is associated with
formation in the system of complex calcium aluminosilicates (helenite
predominantly). The carried out study has showed a principle possibility of
aluminate slag obtaining in the process of a red mud single-stage reducing roasting
and subsequent aluminium extraction into solution by water leaching in an
alkalescent aqueous medium.
C1 [Anisonyan, K. G.; Kopyev, D. Yu; Olyunina, T., V; Sadykhov, G. B.] Russian Acad
Sci, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow, Russia.
Science (IMET RAS)
RP Anisonyan, KG (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, AA Baikov Inst Met & Mat
Sci, Moscow, Russia.
EM grikar84@mail.ru
RI Sadykhov, Guseyngulu B./D-8607-2014
FU Russian Science Foundation [17-73-10414]; Russian Science Foundation
[17-73-10414] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
FX The study was performed by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation
(project No. 17-73-10414).
CR Anisonyan KG, 2018, NON-FERROUS MET, P18, DOI 10.17580/nfm.2018.01.04
Davris P, 2016, HYDROMETALLURGY, V164, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.06.012
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10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.057
Layner A. I., 1978, ALUMINA PRODUCTION
Medvedev A.S., 2015, TSVETNYE MET, V12, P47, DOI [10.17580/tsm.2015.12.08, DOI
10.17580/TSM.2015.12.08]
Ogorodnikova E. N, 2017, ENG GEOLOGICAL PROBL, P284
Pyagay IN, 2016, J MIN INST, V218, P225
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Zinoveev D. V, RUSSIAN METALLURGY M
Логинова И.В., 2016, [Сталь, Stal'], P67
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU ORE & METALS PUBLISHERS
PI MOSCOW
PA LENINSKII PR-KT 6, BLD 1, OFIS 617, PO BOX 71, MOSCOW, 119049, RUSSIA
SN 2072-0807
EI 2414-0155
J9 NON-FERROUS MET
JI Non-Ferrous Met.
PY 2019
IS 1
BP 17
EP 21
DI 10.17580/nfm.2019.01.03
PG 5
GA IN9VO
UT WOS:000479027200003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Ragab, AE
Taha, MA
Abbas, AT
Al Bahkali, EA
El-Danaf, EA
Aly, MF
AF Ragab, Adham Ezzat
Taha, Mohamed Adel
Abbas, Adel Taha
Al Bahkali, Essam Ali
El-Danaf, Ehab Adel
Aly, Mohamed Fawzy
TI Effect of extrusion temperature on the surface roughness of solid state
recycled aluminum alloy 6061 chips during turning operation
SO ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum chips; Box-Behnken; extrusion temperature; solid state
recycling; surface roughness; turning operations
ID SCRAP
AB Nowadays solid state recycling of aluminum chips provides a competitive market
for the aluminum foundry. Chip recycling requires an efficient pretreatment system
in terms of optimizing consolidating technique to achieve a high metal recovery
with rapid return of investment and hence drive down fixed cost and increase
productivity without compromising on metal quality. Solid state recycling through
hot extrusion is a promising technique to recycle machining chips without re-
melting. In this article, aluminum chips were cold compacted followed by hot
extrusion under extrusion ratio of 5.2 and at three different extrusion
temperatures of 350 degrees C, 425 degrees C, and 500 degrees C. The effect of
extrusion temperature on the surface roughness (Ra and Rz) and machining time
needed to remove a unit volume of aluminum alloy 6061 machined by turning were
investigated. The effect of extrusion temperature was investigated using the Box-
Behnken design; three machining parameters (depth of cut, feed rate, and cutting
speed) on the surface roughness of the machined specimens were also examined.
Obtained results were in favor of the presence of significant effect of those four
parameters on specimen surface roughness with dominating effect of feed rate.
Moreover, the optimum cutting conditions for minimum machining time per unit volume
(T-m) while Ra is kept below an industrially accepted value of 0.8m was found for
the original alloy for the following cutting conditions: cutting speed of 116m/min,
depth of cut of 0.33mm, and feed rate of 0.11mm/rev.
C1 [Ragab, Adham Ezzat] King Saud Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Coll Engn, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.
[Taha, Mohamed Adel] Zagazig Univ, Dept Mech Design & Prod, Fac Engn, Zagazig,
Egypt.
[Abbas, Adel Taha; Al Bahkali, Essam Ali; El-Danaf, Ehab Adel] King Saud Univ,
Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn, King Abdulllah Rd, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
[Aly, Mohamed Fawzy] Amer Univ Cairo, Dept Mech Engn, New Cairo, Egypt.
C3 King Saud University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Zagazig University;
King Saud University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); American University
Cairo
RP Abbas, AT (corresponding author), King Saud Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn,
King Abdulllah Rd, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
EM atabbas1954@yahoo.com
RI Ragab, adham E./ABD-1135-2020; El-Danaf, Ehab A./E-3662-2014; Albahkali,
Essam/F-2321-2015; Taha, Mohamed Adel/G-4585-2018; Abbas, Adel
T./HPD-9011-2023
OI Ragab, adham E./0000-0002-7339-6419; El-Danaf, Ehab
A./0000-0003-1730-0790; Albahkali, Essam/0000-0002-6469-8298; Abbas,
Adel T./0000-0002-2627-024X; Adel Taha, Mohamed/0000-0001-8752-1084
FU King Saud University, Deanship of Scientific Research, College of
Engineering Research Center
FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for
the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This
project was supported by the King Saud University, Deanship of
Scientific Research, College of Engineering Research Center.
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NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 15
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1687-8140
J9 ADV MECH ENG
JI Adv. Mech. Eng.
PD OCT 5
PY 2017
VL 9
IS 10
AR 1687814017734152
DI 10.1177/1687814017734152
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA FJ1WP
UT WOS:000412511700001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU KNOTHE, M
SCHWARZ, K
FORSTER, H
AF KNOTHE, M
SCHWARZ, K
FORSTER, H
TI IRIDIUM RECOVERY FROM COMPACT METAL SCRAP
SO JOURNAL OF THE LESS-COMMON METALS
LA English
DT Article
AB At present, recovery of iridium from solid secondary raw materials is feasible
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divided, which can be achieved by alloying with base metals followed by selective
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with acids or bases. The powders still containing 2-4% copper or aluminium take up
considerable amounts of oxygen by chemisorption. Apart from this, in aluminium-
containing powders, oxygen is present as Al2O3. All iridium powders obtained from
Al-Ir alloys are thermally unstable and deflagrate during heating in various
atmospheres. The tendency for deflagration is attributed to the presence of
reactive hydrogen and oxygen in the iridium powder. Methods to eliminate
deflagration are described. Iridium powders produced can be treated by
conventional processes to obtain pure iridium.
RP KNOTHE, M (corresponding author), FREIBERGER NE MET GMBH,WERKSTOFF & TECHNOL
ZENTRUM,LESSINGSTR 41,W-9200 FREIBURG,GERMANY.
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TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0022-5088
J9 J LESS-COMMON MET
PD MAR
PY 1991
VL 168
IS 2
BP 249
EP 255
DI 10.1016/0022-5088(91)90306-O
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA FF609
UT WOS:A1991FF60900011
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YK
Lei, Y
Ma, WH
Ren, YS
AF Zhang, Yakun
Lei, Yun
Ma, Wenhui
Ren, Yongsheng
TI Simultaneous recycling of Si and Ti from diamond wire saw silicon powder
and Ti-bearing blast furnace slag via reduction smelting: An
investigation of the effects of refractories on recycling
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Waste recycling; Extraction and Separation; Refractories; Si reduction;
Si -Ti alloys
ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; MGO REFRACTORIES; TITANIUM; AL2O3; SEPARATION;
VISCOSITY; RECOVERY; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; BASICITY
AB The industrial wastes diamond wire saw silicon powder (DWSSP) and Ti-bearing
blast furnace slag (TBFS) are important Si and Ti secondary resources,
respectively. During the industrial application of recycling DWSSP and TBFS via
reduction smelting, the refractories can dissolve into the molten slag, which can
change the composition of the slag and influence the extraction of Si and Ti.
Unfortunately, few studies on the reduction smelting of DWSSP and TBFS related to
refractories have been reported, making such studies urgently needed. Therefore,
the main purpose of this work was to reveal the dissolution mechanism of
refractories (alumina and magnesia bricks) and the effect of refractory dissolution
on Si-Ti alloy preparation. The results show that during the reduction smelting,
the dissolution of alumina and magnesia bricks changed from direct dissolution into
the molten slag to indirect dissolution, and the amount of magnesia bricks
dissolved was less than that of aluminum bricks. Al3+ (aluminum brick) entering the
slag could replace Si4+ in [SinO2n] to form [AlxSin-xO2n]x-, increasing the
viscosity of the slag. The O2- (magnesia brick) entering the slag could dissociate
[AlxSin-xO2n]x-, decreasing the viscosity of the slag. Therefore, compared with
alumina bricks, magnesia bricks can promote slag-alloy separation and improve the
extraction ratios of Ti and Si. In the case of magnesia bricks, the maximum
reduction ratio of TiO2 was 98.4 %, and the maximum extraction ratio of Si was 95.8
%. This work provides essential experimental data for the Si-Ti alloys prepared via
recycling DWSSP and TBFS.
C1 [Zhang, Yakun; Lei, Yun; Ma, Wenhui; Ren, Yongsheng] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol,
Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Yakun; Lei, Yun; Ma, Wenhui; Ren, Yongsheng] Natl Engn Res Ctr Vacuum
Met, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
[Ma, Wenhui] Puer Univ, Puer 665000, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Pu'er University
RP Lei, Y (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Lei, Y (corresponding author), Natl Engn
Res Ctr Vacuum Met, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
EM leiyn2008@163.com
OI Zhang, Yakun/0000-0001-6885-2152
FU Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan Province; National
Natural Science Foundation of China; [202202AG050007]; [U1702251]
FX Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Science and Technology
Major Project of Yunnan Province [No. 202202AG050007] and the National
Natural Science Foundation of China [No. U1702251] .
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NR 51
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 15
U2 24
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
EI 1879-2456
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD FEB 15
PY 2023
VL 157
BP 36
EP 46
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.008
EA DEC 2022
PG 11
GA 7J8FB
UT WOS:000904818800006
PM 36521299
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shen, HL
Liu, B
Liu, Y
Zhang, JJ
Liu, J
Zhang, SG
AF Shen, Hanlin
Liu, Bo
Liu, Ying
Zhang, Junjie
Liu, Jun
Zhang, Shengen
TI Recovery of Fe, Cr and Ni in pickling sludge with aluminum nitride in
secondary aluminum dross
LA English
DT Article
DE Secondary aluminum dross (SAD); Aluminum nitride (AlN); Fe, Cr and Ni
reduction; AlN oxidization
ID EXTRACTION
AB Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is a hazardous solid waste due to containing
aluminum nitride (AlN). In this work, AlN was used to reduce heavy metals in
pickling sludge by pyrometallurgy. Reduction extent of Fe, Cr and Ni was up to 97,
91 and 100%. However, it was found that some AlN was oxidized by oxygen. AlN
oxidization could be decreased by shortening melting process. The AlN oxidization
would be restricted after aluminosilicate was melted. Reduction extent of heavy
metals increased from 51% to 86%, when treatment temperature was increased from
1350 to 1400 degrees C. Meanwhile, AlN oxidization could be exacerbated by
increasing CaF2 and soda. The CaF2 and soda could corrode the alumina protective
layer on AlN and promote AlN oxidization. Reduction extent of heavy metals
decreased from 48% to 19% after adding soda. The AlN oxidization could be
restrained by cutting down the air during melting process. After covering the
crucible, reduction extent of heavy metals was increased from 48% to 92%, and
reduction extent of Fe, Cr and Ni was increased from 58, 18 and 83% to 97, 91 and
100%. After evaluating environment benefit of AlN reducing heavy metals, it was
found that utilizing a ton SAD replacing carbon to reduce heavy metals in pickling
sludge could reduce carbon emissions of 279 kg. In addition, SAD could be used as
reductant to replace Al for chromium metallurgy. Using a ton SAD to replace Al for
chromium metallurgy could reduce carbon emission of 3961 kg.
C1 [Shen, Hanlin; Liu, Bo; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Junjie; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Shengen] Univ
Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Jun] Delta Aluminum Corp Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526299, Guangdong, Peoples R
China.
RP Zhang, SG (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat &
Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn
RI zhang, junjie/HIK-4860-2022; Shen, Hanlin/IVH-1336-2023
OI Zhang, Junjie/0000-0003-3425-2794
FU National Key R&D Program of China [2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101,
2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304]; Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region [2020BCE01001, 2021BEG01003]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [U2002212, 51672024]; Natural Science Foundation of
Beijing Municipality [2214073]; Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic
Research Foundation [2021A1515110998]; Xijiang Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Team [2017A0109004]; Fundamental Research Funds for the
Central Universities [FRF-BD-20-24A, FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z,
FRF-GF-19-032B, 06500141]; Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT
FX This work was sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grants
No. 2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101, 2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304), Key
R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Grants No. 2020BCE01001,
2021BEG01003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.
U2002212, 51672024), Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality
(Grants No. 2214073), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research
Foundation (Grants No. 2021A1515110998), Xijiang Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Team (Grants No. 2017A0109004), the Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grants No. FRF-BD-20-24A,
FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-GF-19-032B, 06500141) and
Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT. The authors would like to
thank the editor for editing the manuscript and the anonymous reviewers
for their detailed and helpful comments.
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NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 8
U2 25
PI OXFORD
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD JUN 30
PY 2022
VL 184
AR 107659
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107659
EA JUN 2022
PG 9
GA 3J5EZ
UT WOS:000833419400004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kudyba, A
Safarian, J
AF Kudyba, Artur
Safarian, Jafar
TI Manganese and Aluminium Recovery from Ferromanganese Slag and Al White
Dross by a High Temperature Smelting-Reduction Process
SO MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminothermic reduction; Al dross; FeMn; ferromanganese slag; white
dross
ID BLACK DROSS; EXTRACTION; ALLOYS
AB The recovery of Mn and Al from two industrial waste of ferromanganese and
aluminum production processes was investigated via implementing a high temperature
smelting-aluminothermic reduction process. The experiments were carried out with or
without CaO flux addition, and two dross qualities. It was observed that the
prepared mixtures of the materials yield homogeneous metal and slag products in
terms of chemical composition and the distribution of phases. However, the
separation of produced metal phase from the slag at elevated temperatures occurs
when a higher amount of CaO is added. Viscosity calculations and equilibrium study
indicated that the better metal and slag separation is obtained when the produced
slag has lower viscosity and lower liquidus. It was found that the process yields
Al-Mn-Si alloys, and it is accompanied with complete recovery of Mn, Si and Fe and
the unreacted Al in the process. Moreover, the quality of metal product was less
dependent on the slightly different dross quality, and the concentration of minor
Ca in metal is slightly increased with significant increase of CaO in the slag
phase.
C1 [Kudyba, Artur; Safarian, Jafar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat Sci
& Engn, Alfred Getz Vei 2, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
[Kudyba, Artur] Krakow Inst Technol, Lukasiewicz Res Network, Ctr Mat Res,
Zakopianska 73 Str, PL-30418 Krakow, Poland.
C3 Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
RP Kudyba, A (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat
Sci & Engn, Alfred Getz Vei 2, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.; Kudyba, A (corresponding
author), Krakow Inst Technol, Lukasiewicz Res Network, Ctr Mat Res, Zakopianska 73
Str, PL-30418 Krakow, Poland.
EM artur.kudyba@kit.lukasiewicz.gov.pl; jafar.safarian@ntnu.no
OI Safarian, Jafar/0000-0003-3584-8581
FU SFI Metal Production (Centre for Research-based Innovation) [237738];
SFI Metal Production
FX This research was funded by SFI Metal Production (Centre for
Research-based Innovation), grant number 237738. The APC was funded by
SFI Metal Production.
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J9 MATERIALS
JI Materials
PD JAN
PY 2022
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AR 405
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PG 15
Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering;
Physics
GA ZE5AW
UT WOS:000758896600001
PM 35057123
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Nikitin, VI
Nikitin, KV
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Biktimirov, R. M.
TI Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys from Dispersed Waste Based on Aluminum
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum waste; recycling; synthesis of alloys; yield; microstructure;
mechanical properties
ID SCRAP
AB This paper presents the results of research on the synthesis of aluminum alloys
of the Al-Si-Mg (Ak7ch), Al-Si-Mn (AK12), Al-Si-Cu-Mg (AK6M2), and Al-Mg-Mn (AMg5)
systems using dispersed waste: beverage cans (Al-Mn-Mg system), sawdust of a cast
alloy (Al-Si-Mg system), and twisted chips of deformable alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg and
Al-Mg-Mn systems. A study of the microstructure of waste in the initial state is
performed and the typical sizes of the main phases are determined. The main
criteria for the quality of recyclable waste are determined: the purity (k(p)),
contact with the atmosphere (k(a)), and maximum recovery of metal (\M-\Me). Based
on the proposed criteria, the waste is graded according to recycling efficiency.
The lowest total score is assigned to cans of waste. Sawdust from the AK9ch alloy
had the highest score. Experiments on the synthesis of Al-Si-Mg (Ak7ch), Al-Si-Mn
(AK12), Al-Si-Cu-Mg (AK6M2), and Al-Mg-Mn (AMg5) alloys have shown that the usable
yield varies from 82 to 96%. The minimum yield of usable material is set for the
AK12 alloy, whose charge composition is dominated by beverage-can waste. The
chemical compositions of the alloys in terms of the content of the main alloying
and impurity elements meets the requirements of regulatory documentations. Tests of
mechanical properties have shown that the synthesized alloys have a guaranteed
margin of strength and plasticity in comparison with the requirements of regulatory
documentation. Based on metallographic studies, it is found that the microstructure
of synthesized alloys does not contain nonmetallic inclusions and gas porosity.
Unmodified and modified samples from the Al-Mg-Mn alloy (AMg5) are subjected to
cold rolling in several passes until cracks form. On the sample from an unmodified
alloy, cracks appear after the tenth pass. The modified alloy sample withstands 12
passes before cracking. The degree of deformation in the thickness of the sample
from the unmodified alloy is 60.5%; for the modified one it is 67.2%.
C1 [Nikitin, V. I.; Nikitin, K. V.; Timoshkin, I. Yu.; Biktimirov, R. M.] Samara
State Tech Univ, Samara, Russia.
C3 Samara State Technical University
RP Nikitin, VI (corresponding author), Samara State Tech Univ, Samara, Russia.
EM tlp@samgtu.ru
RI Nikitin, Vasiliy/N-6596-2016; Timoshkin, Ivan/D-6233-2014
OI Nikitin, Vasiliy/0000-0002-1332-2485; Timoshkin,
Ivan/0000-0001-5299-2804
FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
[0778-2020-0005]
FX This work was carried out with financial support from the Ministry of
Education and Science of the Russian Federation as part of the design
part of State Task no. 0778-2020-0005.
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NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 16
PU PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
PI NEW YORK
PA PLEIADES HOUSE, 7 W 54 ST, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1067-8212
EI 1934-970X
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 61
IS 6
BP 632
EP 640
DI 10.3103/S1067821220060152
PG 9
GA PL1IN
UT WOS:000602884600005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Mandal, AK
Pramanik, S
Sinha, OP
AF Mandal, Arup Kumar
Pramanik, Susanta
Sinha, Om Prakash
TI Effect of Exposure Time, Lining Material and Plasma Gas on the
Extraction of Aluminium from Waste by Smelting Reduction
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Smelting; Metal solvent bath; Aluminium extraction; Effect of plasma
gas; Effect of lining material
ID RECOVERY; COAL; ASH; IRON
AB Today's world has experienced the change in the extraction of metal from its
native ore to that from secondary resources. The ash and tailings are such
secondary resources for extraction of aluminium. The present investigation shows
the effect of furnace lining materials and plasma gas on the extraction of
aluminium from the waste material during smelting reduction studies. A laboratory
scale plasma arc furnace was used for the reduction studies of bottom ash, iron ore
slime with charcoal. Experiments in hydrogen and nitrogen plasma environments were
carried out inside magnesite and graphite crucible separately. The rate of reduced
metal absorption by the liquid metal bath for a fixed time was determined. The
output of aluminium through metal, slag and exit gas was calculated to establish a
tentative mechanism of smelting reduction. Combination of nitrogen plasma and
graphite crucible showed the optimum recovery level of reduced aluminium in metal.
The high-temperature plasma could reduce highly stable oxides of waste materials,
and the recovery of volatile aluminium in metal could be possible by using a metal
solvent bath.
C1 [Mandal, Arup Kumar; Pramanik, Susanta] Natl Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn,
Durgapur, W Bengal, India.
[Sinha, Om Prakash] IIT BHU, Dept Met Engn, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh,
India.
C3 National Institute of Technology (NIT System); National Institute of
Technology Durgapur; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System);
Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi (IIT BHU Varanasi)
RP Mandal, AK (corresponding author), Natl Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn,
Durgapur, W Bengal, India.
EM arup.mandal@mme.nitdgp.ac.in; susanta.pramanik@mme.nitdgp.ac.in;
opsinha.met@iitbhu.ac.in
RI Mandal, Arup Kumar/N-1663-2017; Sinha, Om Prakash/AAR-9542-2020
OI Mandal, Arup Kumar/0000-0003-3268-1720;
CR Aktas S, 2018, T INDIAN I METALS, V71, P697, DOI 10.1007/s12666-017-1202-y
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NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
INDIA
SN 0972-2815
EI 0975-1645
J9 T INDIAN I METALS
JI Trans. Indian Inst. Met.
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 72
IS 5
BP 1181
EP 1186
DI 10.1007/s12666-019-01602-6
PG 6
GA HT7RX
UT WOS:000464763200008
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Apostol, C
Hutu, M
Dobrescu, C
Tache, A
AF Apostol, Constantin
Hutu, Mihai
Dobrescu, Cristian
Tache, Alexandra
TI Researches Regarding the Reduction of Oxidation Losses in the Obtaining
of Secondary Aluminium Alloys Using Metallic Scraps
SO REVISTA DE CHIMIE
LA English
DT Article
DE metallic scraps; secondary Al alloys; activation energy; oxidation
ID RAW-MATERIAL; DROSS; WASTE; RECOVERY
AB The paper presents thermodynamic aspects regarding the low temperature
processing of small metal waste - aluminum alloy scraps. The activation energies of
oxidation reactions of aluminum and some alloying elements with water vapors,
carbon dioxide and oxygen present inside the furnace are compared, at the usual and
experimentally temperatures (at 580 - 620 degrees C, near the eutectic temperature,
when the melt is in the semisolid/pasty state), in the elaborating of EN AB 46100
secondary alloys. The composition of the flue gases is presented at different
temperatures and during different technological stages. Using electronic microscopy
and EDS analysis, the elemental composition of the impurities resulted from the
melt is highlighted.
C1 [Apostol, Constantin; Hutu, Mihai; Dobrescu, Cristian] Univ Politehn Bucuresti,
313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
[Tache, Alexandra] SC AS MET SRL, 104G Berceni Rd, Bucharest 041919, Romania.
C3 Polytechnic University of Bucharest
RP Hutu, M (corresponding author), Univ Politehn Bucuresti, 313 Splaiul
Independentei, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
EM mihaibutu@yahoo.com
10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.07.039
Blondeel E, 2014, WASTE MANAGE, V34, P2674, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.019
Butu M, 2018, UNIV POLITEH BUCHAR, V80, P213
0
10.1016/j.minpro.2012.03.011
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU CHIMINFORM DATA S A
PI BUCHAREST
PA CALEA PLEVNEI NR 139, SECTOR 6, BUCHAREST R-77131, ROMANIA
SN 0034-7752
J9 REV CHIM-BUCHAREST
JI Rev. Chim.
PD JAN
PY 2019
VL 70
IS 1
BP 149
EP 155
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA HN8EP
UT WOS:000460428100033
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Pan, J
Li, SW
Zhu, DQ
Xu, JW
Chou, JL
AF Pan, Jian
Li, Siwei
Zhu, Deqing
Xu, Jiwei
Chou, Jianlei
BE Chesonis, C
TI Migration of Iron, Aluminum and Alkali Metal Within Pre-reduced-Smelting
Separation of Bauxite Residue
LA English
CT Light Metals Symposium at the 148th TMS Annual Meeting
CY MAR 10-12, 2019
CL San Antonio, TX
DE Bauxite residue; Migration; Fe; Al; Na
ID RED MUD; RECOVERY
AB Bauxite residue (red mud) is a hazardous waste generated from alumina refining
industries. Bauxite residue contains elevated concentrations of several elements,
such as iron, aluminum, titanium and sodium. Due to the high concentration of
sodium, the bauxite residue cannot be directly employed as a raw material for iron-
making. In this work, the migration of iron, aluminum and alkali metal within a
pre-reduced-smelting separation was investigated. The results showed that the
content of iron, Al2O3 and Na2O in pig iron and slag are 94.07, 0.11% and 0.013,
9.23, 48.63 and 4.92%, respectively; effectively separating iron into the pig iron
and aluminum and sodium into the slag. The obtained pig iron can be used as the
burden for an electric arc furnace (EAF). Meanwhile, the slag can be leached by
alkali leaching to extract aluminum and sodium.
C1 [Pan, Jian; Li, Siwei; Zhu, Deqing; Xu, Jiwei; Chou, Jianlei] Cent South Univ,
Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
RP Li, SW (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn,
Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM pjcsu@csu.edu.cn; swli@csu.edu.cn; dqzhu@csu.edu.cn;
175611037@csu.edu.cn; choujianlei@csu.edu.cn
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10.1179/037195509X12518785461760
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7757(03)00198-5
Chun TJ, 2014, METALL MATER TRANS B, V45, P827, DOI 10.1007/s11663-014-0023-1
3
Mayes WM, 2011, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V45, P5147, DOI 10.1021/es200850y
Stjernberg J, 2009, INT J APPL CERAM TEC, V6, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-
7402.2008.02318.x
Xue SG, 2016, ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R, V23, P1120, DOI 10.1007/s11356-015-4558-8
Yu ZL, 2012, T NONFERR METAL SOC, V22, P456, DOI 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61198-9
Zhou XL, 2016, METALS-BASEL, V6, DOI 10.3390/met6030057
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 7
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-030-05864-7; 978-3-030-05863-0
PY 2019
BP 107
EP 111
DI 10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_15
PG 5
WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP1JM
UT WOS:000539491300015
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Ilutiu-Varvara, DA
Brândusan, L
Arghir, G
Pica, EM
AF Ilutiu-Varvara, Dana-Adriana
Brandusan, Liviu
Arghir, George
Pica, Elena Maria
TI RESEARCHES ABOUT THE CHARACTERIZATION OF METALLURGICAL SLAGS FOR
LANDFILLED WASTES MINIMIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE electric arc furnace; metallurgical waste; pollution; slag; steelmaking
ID STEEL SLAG; TOTAL RECOVERY; REMOVAL; VALORIZATION; OPTIMIZATION;
MANUFACTURE; MANAGEMENT; ALUMINUM
AB The aim of this paper is to assess the chemical and mineralogical composition
and the leaching behavior of the electric arc furnace slags (EAFS) in order to
improve their management by identifying suitable reuse options in different fields.
The chemical and mineralogical composition of slag varies from one type of steel to
another, from one technological stage to another and from one steel plant to
another. In order to minimize the slag quantities disposed in the slag dumps one
has first to characterize the generated slags for each technological stage of the
steelmaking process. The chemical composition, as percentages, of the compounds
identified in melting, refining and deoxidizing slags characterized varies between:
(27-50%) for calcium oxide (CaO), (15-25%) for silicon dioxide (SiO2), (8-30%) for
total iron (Fe tot.), (3-10%) for manganese oxide (MnO), (5-8%) for magnesia oxide
(MgO), (5-6%) for alumina (Al2O3) and (0.1-0.4%) for phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5).
As a result of the mineralogical characterization of the slag samples there were
identified the following mineralogical compounds: jacobsite (MnFe2O4), wustite
(FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), grossular ((Ca2.869Fe0.131)
(Al1.89Fe0.11)(SiO4)(3)), andradite (Ca3Fe2(SiO4)(3)), pyrope ((Mg0.92Fe0.05Ca0.03)
(3)Al2SiO4), akermanite (Ca2Mg(Si2O7)), fayalite manganoan magnesian
(Mg.075Fe1.741Mn.123SiO4), srebrodolskite (CaFeO4), grossularite (Ca3Al2(SiO4)(3)),
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7), merwinite (Ca3Mg(SiO4)(2)), Fe - ringwoodite (Fe-2(SiO4)),
monticellite (CaMg(SiO4)) and fayalite tephorite (FeMn(SiO4)). The slags can be
used in different fields without any risk of harmful impact on the environment due
to heavy metal leaching. The whole usage of slag would result in the conservation
of natural resources and the elimination of the environmental problems with final
disposal.
C1 [Ilutiu-Varvara, Dana-Adriana; Pica, Elena Maria] Tech Univ, Fac Mat & Environm
Engn, Dept Chem & Phys, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
[Brandusan, Liviu; Arghir, George] Tech Univ, Fac Mat & Environm Engn, Dept Mat
Sci & Engn, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
C3 Technical University of Cluj Napoca; Technical University of Cluj Napoca
RP Ilutiu-Varvara, DA (corresponding author), Tech Univ, Fac Mat & Environm Engn,
Dept Chem & Phys, 103-105 Muncii Blvd, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
EM dana.varvara@gmail.com
RI ILUȚIU-VARVARA, Dana-Adriana -/AAR-1385-2021; Arghir,
George/A-4921-2019; Pica, Elena Maria/HJG-7625-2022
OI Arghir, George/0000-0003-4341-9402; Elena Maria,
Pica/0000-0001-9659-9457
FU project "Development and support of multidisciplinary postdoctoral
programmes in major technical areas of national strategy of Research
Development - Innovation" 4D-POSTDOC [POSDRU/89/1.5/S/52603]; European
Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources
Development
FX This paper was supported by the project "Development and support of
multidisciplinary postdoctoral programmes in major technical areas of
national strategy of Research Development - Innovation" 4D-POSTDOC,
contract no. POSDRU/89/1.5/S/52603, project co-funded by the European
Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources
Development 2007-2013.
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NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 17
PI IASI
SN 1582-9596
EI 1843-3707
PD SEP
PY 2015
VL 14
IS 9
BP 2115
EP 2126
DI 10.30638/eemj.2015.226
PG 12
GA CY3TX
UT WOS:000366333900012
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Teodorescu, R
Badilita, V
Roman, M
Enache, L
Neagu, E
Gheorghe, M
Crisan, A
AF Teodorescu, Romanita
Badilita, Viorel
Roman, Maria
Enache, Lenuta
Neagu, Eleonora
Gheorghe, Maria
Crisan, Aurel
TI OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS FOR TOTAL RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM FROM SMELTING
SLAG 1. REMOVAL OF SOLUBLE SALTS
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum slag; AlN; soluble salts; washing process
AB Washing black aluminum (Al) slag to obtain soluble salts is an important stage
of the smelting slag treatment at technological process. This process is used to
recover Al as a coagulant for water purification. This research aims at
establishing the optimal conditions for washing (e.g. temperature (T), solid:
liquid ratio (S : L), time, the recirculation waters in the system). The goal of
research was to determine: a) the removal with maximum efficiency of the soluble
salts from black Al slag; b) to increase the salt content in the washing waters; c)
to decrease the water consumption. Besides, experiments were carried out to
establish the washing parameters for quantitative recovery of Al sulfate out of
acid leaching residue. X-Ray Powder Diffraction Phase Analysis has been performed
for monitoring phase's composition of initial and final slag, after the washing
process. Metallic Al and Aluminum Nitride (AlN) partially disappear from washed
slag, resulting in formation of Al Hydroxides and Oxihydroxides. Also, the washing
process, lead to complete removal of Halite and Sylvite. Experiments were carried
out at the micro-pilot level. At the end, the flow sheet of the process for
quantitative separation of soluble compounds from black Al slag is given.
C1 [Teodorescu, Romanita; Badilita, Viorel; Roman, Maria; Enache, Lenuta; Neagu,
Eleonora] Natl Inst Res & Dev Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR Bu, Bucharest, Romania.
[Gheorghe, Maria] Tech Univ Civil Engn Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
[Crisan, Aurel] Transilvania Univ Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
RP Teodorescu, R (corresponding author), Natl Inst Res & Dev Nonferrous & Rare Met
IMNR Bu, Bucharest, Romania.
EM romanitateodorescu@yahoo.com
FU The National Research Program [CEEX 53 / 2004, 31- 004 / 2007]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of The National Research
Program, which includes the Projects: CEEX 53 / 2004 and PNCD2 no. 31-
004 / 2007.
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NR 14
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 15
PI IASI
SN 1582-9596
EI 1843-3707
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 12
BP 2455
EP 2463
DI 10.30638/eemj.2013.298
PG 9
GA 302AS
UT WOS:000330574200020
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Thornton, T
Hammond, C
van Linden, J
Campbell, P
Vild, C
AF Thornton, Thomas
Hammond, Clay
van Linden, Jan
Campbell, Paul
Vild, Chris
BE Sorlie, M
TI Improved UBC melting through advanced processing
SE Light Metals
LA English
CT Symposium on Light Metals held at the 2007 TMS Annual Meeting and
Exhibition
CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007
CL Orlando, FL
DE UBC; continuous melting; LOTUSS; wise alloys; recycling; scrap melting
AB Aluminum recycling is undergoing a global boom. in order to survive in this
competitive market of high energy and raw material costs, and relatively low
finished goods prices, producers must minimize conversion costs while maximizing
the recoverable metal units. Wise Alloys LLC has realized significant gains in
production and metal recovery while reducing energy usage after converting to a
high capacity UBC continuous melting process. The essential improvements will be
discussed.
C1 [Thornton, Thomas; Hammond, Clay] Alabama Reclamat Plant, Wise Alloys LLC, 1009
Ford Rd, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA.
[van Linden, Jan] RTS Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 USA.
[Vild, Chris] Pyrotek Inc, Metaullics Div, Solon, OH 44139 USA.
RP Thornton, T (corresponding author), Alabama Reclamat Plant, Wise Alloys LLC,
1009 Ford Rd, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA.
CR *AL ASS, ALUMINUM ASS EC STAT
NEFF DV, 1985, IMPROVED SYSTEM SCRA, P1155
ROSSEL H, 1990, LIGHT METALS
STEWART AL, MELTING ALUMINUM ALU
VANLINDEN JHL, 1988, THESIS KATHOLIEKE U
N AM COMUSTION HDB, V1, P240
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 978-0-87339-659-2
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2007
BP 1191
EP +
PG 2
GA BGJ39
UT WOS:000247423900194
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Baldock, BR
Short, WE
AF Baldock, BR
Short, WE
GP AUSIMM
AUSIMM
TI Australian Technology on the world scene - Update on Ausmelt plants and
projects
SO MINPREX 2000: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MINERAL PROCESSING AND
EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY
SE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY PUBLICATION SERIES
LA English
CT International Congress on Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
(MINPREX 2000)
CY SEP 11-13, 2000
CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
AB Ausmelt top submerged lance technology is at the cutting edge of technological
developments in non-ferrous metal smelting with commercial operations throughout
the world. The Technology is being used for lead smelting, copper smelting and
matte converting, fuming zinc from slags, recycling iron residue from zinc plants,
processing the aluminium industry hazardous waste SPL, precious metal processing,
nickel-copper residue smelting and converting, and tin smelting. The Technology is
also being developed for projects involving iran-making and waste industry
opportunities.
There are 19 furnaces operable or under design at the time of writing. The
benefits to operators using Ausmelt Technology vary depending on application, but
typically result from environmental improvements, enhanced recovery of valuable
products, lower capital and operating costs, more flexible operations capable of
handling a wide range of feed materials, better removal of impurities, or improved
product quality.
Growing industry acceptance of the Technology is evidenced by the fact that more
than 20 per cent of the world's tin production will be extracted in systems using
Ausmelt Technology when the Yunnan Tin Corporation plant starts up in 2001.
Metallurgists, industrialists and investors have accepted the Technology for
improved operations in both greenfield main smelters and add-on plants in Korea,
China, Japan, Germany, Peru, Zimbabwe, India, Namibia and Australia.
Ausmelt intends that this paper will update the industry by outlining recent
achievements of the Technology in global metallurgical operations.
C1 Ausmelt Ltd, Dandenong, Vic 3175, Australia.
RP Baldock, BR (corresponding author), Ausmelt Ltd, 12 Kitchen Rd, Dandenong, Vic
3175, Australia.
CR BULTITUDEPAULL JM, 1989, P NONF SMELT S AUSTR, P255
Choi C. Y., 1999, REWAS 99
EATON GP, 1997, MINERAL IND SURVEYS, P5
Floyd JM, 1998, ZINC AND LEAD PROCESSING, P861
FLOYD JM, 1999, P ICARISM 99 AUSTR I, P161
FLOYD JM, 1999, REWAS 99
FLOYD JM, 1993, HIGH INTENSITY PYROM
JEPPE CP, 1996, LIGHT MET S 96 35 AN
KARPEL S, 1998, METAL B MAGAZINE DEC, P40
KIM MB, IN PRESS TMS 2000 FA
MARKHAM P, 1994, 16 CCMI C JOH SAIMM, V2, P295
MILLS A, 1992, P EXTR MET GOLD BAS, P465
Mounsey EN, 1998, SULFIDE SMELTING '98, P287
MOUNSEY EN, 1999, COPPER 99 COBRE 99, P1005
ROBILLIARD KR, 2000, TMS 2000 ANN M EPD C
SWAYN GP, 1998, GDMB C 58 M COPP COM
1997, MINING J LONDON 0725, P68
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AUSTRALASIAN INST MINING & METALLURGY
PI PARKVILLE VICTORIA
PA CLUNIES ROSS HOUSE 191 ROYAL PARADE, PARKVILLE VICTORIA, 3052, AUSTRALIA
BN 1-875776-77-X
J9 AUSTRALAS I MIN MET
PY 2000
VL 2000
IS 5
BP 169
EP 174
PG 6
GA BR46C
UT WOS:000166473700020
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Henriksen, BR
Jensen, EK
Mortensen, D
AF Henriksen, BR
Jensen, EK
Mortensen, D
BE Eckert, CE
TI Interpretation of measured temperatures and the bleed out phenomenon of
billet casting applying the mathematical model ALSIM
LA English
CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
AB The DC-casting process has been continuously improved with respect to ingot
quality and recovery since its invention. A main challenge at the Elkem Aluminium
Lista cast house has been to reduce the scrap rate due to billet bleed out problems
in the start-up phase.
The aim of this investigation was to understand the phenomenon of bleed out and
to propose a mechanism for the occurrence of the phenomenon. Additionally, some
starting block shapes and materials were assessed with respect to bleed out and
lifetime.
The results from ALSIM and experimental casting trials (micrographs, temperature
measurements) show the necessity to understand the operating mechanism in detail to
find the right actions to avoid bleed out. It is important to initiate the drop
before the volume of metal constrained by the starting block and the hot top starts
to solidify along the vertical part of the hot top. When taking all the molds on
the casting table into account the single most important factor is an even filling
of the molds.
C1 Elkem ASA Res, N-4602 Kristiansand, Norway.
RP Henriksen, BR (corresponding author), Elkem ASA Res, POB 8040 Vagsbygd, N-4602
Kristiansand, Norway.
CR ARNBERG L, SOLIDIFCATION CHARAC, V3, P61
DONS AL, 1993, MODELING CASTING WEL, V6, P37
Grandfield JF, 1997, 5TH AUSTRALASIAN ASIAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON ALUMINIUM CAST
HOUSE TECHNOLOGY, P307
HENRIKSEN BR, 1998, MODELING CASTING WEL, V8, P623
MORTENSEN D, 1999, IN PRESS METALL T
SCHNEIDER W, 1990, LIGHT METALS 1990, P931
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-425-9
PY 1999
BP 721
EP 727
PG 7
Engineering
GA BM93W
UT WOS:000080192500105
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Thomas, MP
Tremblay, F
Gibson, D
Presley, C
Whipple, D
AF Thomas, MP
Tremblay, F
Gibson, D
Presley, C
Whipple, D
BE Welch, BJ
TI Recycling of aluminum scraps with organic contamination - operational
experience with the alcan fluidized bed decoater
LA English
CT 127th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society
CY FEB 15-19, 1998
CL SAN ANTONIO, TX
AB Aluminum has an excellent history of recyclability because it retains a high
value in scrap form and because it is easy to recycle. This history is evidenced by
the highly successful recovery and recycling of major aluminum products such as
scrapped automobile components, building products, and the aluminum beverage can.
Beverage cans are recycled today using a closed loop recycling system that is able
to turn old cans into new in a period of less than 90 days. In this process, the
cans are re-melted with manufacturing scrap and some prime metal, but first they
are thermally de-coated to remove the organic coatings from the metal surface in a
controlled way. The organic concentrations in beverage can scrap are around 4%, and
de-coating technologies have developed around this application. Alcan has now
developed a new de-coating technology which extends the capability of thermal de-
coating beyond beverage cans to allow efficient removal of organic materials from
scraps with up to 50% organic contamination.
C1 Alcan Aluminum Corp, Shelbyville, TN 37160 USA.
RP Thomas, MP (corresponding author), Alcan Aluminum Corp, Shelbyville, TN 37160
USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-390-2
PY 1998
BP 1227
EP 1232
PG 6
GA BK86H
UT WOS:000073691100162
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU KOS, B
AF KOS, B
TI TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM FROM DROSS
SO METALL
LA German
DT Article
AB In melting operations metal losses due to oxidation are almost unavoidable, the
amount of such losses, however, can be controlled. Aluminium dross is a byproduct
and any shop would like to get rid of it in the most economical and fastest way.
This byproduct still contains up to 70% metal and thus represents a high value. In
the following we describe conventional as well as recently developed technologies
for the separation of metal and residues. Today there are technologies available
which are environmentally sound and ascertain a high metal yield. One of this
technologies is the separation of metal and residues by centrifuging the hot dross
just after skimming.
RP KOS, B (corresponding author), FOCON GES MBH,FOUNDRY CONSULTANTS,LEOBEN,AUSTRIA.
CR [Anonymous], 1986, ALUMINIUM
BINCZEWSKI GJ, 1992, LEICHTMETALL, P957
BORNAND JD, 1979, ALUMINIUM, V55, P645
ECKERT M, 1991, ALUMINIUM, V67, P515
GARNER A, 1994, METAL B MNTHLY SEP
JULLIARD J, 1986, Patent No. 4575392
KOS B, 1991, Patent No. 9200091
LINDSAY RD, 1989, Patent No. 4877448
MORITZ D, 1989, ALUMINIUM, V65, P50
REZAC KH, 1987, CONSERV RECYCLING, V10, P345, DOI 10.1016/0361-3658(87)90065-8
WHITELEY P, 1991, JOM J ENV, V2, P52
WILHELM M, 1984, METALL DEUTSCHLAND, V37, P762
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU METALL-VERLAG GMBH
PI BERLIN 33
PA 18 HUBERTUSALLEE, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY
SN 0026-0746
J9 METALL
JI Metall
PD DEC
PY 1994
VL 48
IS 12
BP 972
EP 974
PG 3
GA QB115
UT WOS:A1994QB11500011
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU SMITH, L
AF SMITH, L
TI THE ROLE OF CORELESS INDUCTION FURNACES FOR RECYCLING ALUMINUM SCRAP
LA English
DT Article
AB In recent years there has been steady growth in the use of medium frequency
coreless induction furnaces for recycling aluminium scrap in the UK. A major
contributory factor has been the high metal recovery levels, particularly for
clean, high surface area scrap, in comparison to other furnace types. The increase
in awareness of environmental problems created by melting operations has further
enhanced the potential for induction furnaces since fume only arises as a result of
the charge contamination and there is no need to use molten salt fluxes to assist
recovery operations.
The paper illustrates examples of charge materials which may be recycled in
induction furnaces and presents data on recovery levels and environmental problems
posed.
RP SMITH, L (corresponding author), EA TECHNOL,CHESTER CH1 6AS,ENGLAND.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
PD APR
PY 1994
VL 10
IS 1-2
BP 185
EP 191
DI 10.1016/0921-3449(94)90052-3
PG 7
GA NP681
UT WOS:A1994NP68100021
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wang, ZW
Gao, JT
Lan, X
Feng, GL
Guo, ZC
AF Wang, Zengwu
Gao, Jintao
Lan, Xi
Feng, Guoliang
Guo, Zhancheng
TI An environmental-friendly method for recovery of aluminum droplets from
aluminum dross: Mechanical activation and super-gravity separation
SO PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum dross; Aluminum droplets; Mechanical activation; Super-gravity
separation; Environmental-friendly
ID GREEN METHOD; BLACK DROSS; SLAG
AB Aluminum dross produced from the smelting process of aluminum is a toxic solid
waste that easily hydrolyzes and releases poisonous gases in contact with water,
which contains large numbers of fine oxidized aluminum droplets. In this study, an
environmental-friendly method for efficient recovery of aluminum droplets from
aluminum dross was proposed through mechanical activation and super-gravity
separation. Firstly, the aluminum dross with different particle sizes of 8.0-50.0
mm, 4.0-8.0 mm, and < 4.0 mm was mechanically activated, and the oxidized films of
metallic aluminum droplets were greatly destructed via milling. However, the
driving force of gravity was not sufficient to drive the molten aluminum droplets
to detach from the oxidized films at high temperatures. With the enhancement of the
super-gravity field, almost all of the aluminum droplets efficiently escaped from
the oxidized films and fully recovered from the aluminum dross within 5 min with a
high recovery ratio of 97.14% and a high purity of 99.17 wt%. Compared to the
conventional process of separating aluminum, this study provides an environmental-
friendly method to efficiently recover aluminum droplets from aluminum dross
without the problems of secondary aluminum dross production, dust pollution, and
gas pollution.
C1 [Wang, Zengwu; Gao, Jintao; Lan, Xi; Feng, Guoliang; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci &
RP Gao, JT; Guo, ZC (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
EM jintaogao@ustb.edu.cn; zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
FX Acknowledgments This study is supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No.52174275) .
Gao JT, 2022, PROCESS SAF ENVIRON, V161, P384, DOI 10.1016/j.psep.2022.03.059
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Hiraki T, 2015, J MATER CYCLES WASTE, V17, P566, DOI 10.1007/s10163-014-0283-5
Lan X, 2019, J HAZARD MATER, V367, P473, DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.118
Lan X, 2018, METALL MATER TRANS B, V49, P1165, DOI 10.1007/s11663-018-1235-6
5
Liu FQ, 2021, ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG, V9, P13751, DOI
10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04380
10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.068
Maropoulos S, 2011, ADV TRIBOL, V2011, DOI 10.1155/2011/395716
Meshram A., 2021, MATER TODAY-PROC, V46, P1487, DOI
[10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.423, DOI 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.423]
Meshram A, 2019, J CLEAN PROD, V231, P835, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.269
10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.026
Srivastava A, 2023, PROCESS SAF ENVIRON, V171, P38, DOI
10.1016/j.psep.2023.01.010
Wang ZW, 2022, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V182, DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106316
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 11
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0957-5820
EI 1744-3598
J9 PROCESS SAF ENVIRON
JI Process Saf. Environ. Protect.
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 175
BP 199
EP 211
DI 10.1016/j.psep.2023.05.045
EA MAY 2023
PG 13
SC Engineering
GA I2RH2
UT WOS:001001301700001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Güney, H
Güner, Ö
Boncuk, FF
Kan, S
Benzesik, K
Yücel, O
AF Guney, Hasan
Guner, Oyku
Boncuk, Furkan Ferhat
Kan, Selcuk
Benzesik, Kagan
Yucel, Onuralp
TI A Decarbonization Approach for FeCr Production
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum white dross; Ferrochromium; Aluminothermy; Low CO2 emission;
Energy saving
ID REDUCTION
AB In this study, the reducing smelting of chromite concentrates by EAF-assisted
metallothermic method was investigated. The effect of Al-Powder and Al-Dross
addition amount, time, and the ratio of flux addition on the produced metal and
slag compositions and metal recovery were investigated. It was seen that
ferrochrome can be produced from fine-grained chromite concentrate by this method.
As a result of EAF-assisted semi-pilot metallothermic smelting, the highest
chromium content in produced alloys was 59.5 wt. %, while the highest chromium
recovery from chromite concentrate to alloys was 76.7 wt. % in these experiments.
[GRAPHICS]
.
C1 [Guney, Hasan; Guner, Oyku; Boncuk, Furkan Ferhat; Kan, Selcuk; Benzesik, Kagan;
Yucel, Onuralp] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
C3 Istanbul Technical University
RP Yücel, O (corresponding author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-
34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
EM yucel@itu.edu.tr
RI Yücel, Onuralp/ABB-3025-2020
OI Yücel, Onuralp/0000-0002-3879-0410
FU ETI Krom INC., Turkey; subsidiary of YILDIRIM Group of Companies;
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
FX This research was supported by ETI Krom INC., Turkey which is a
subsidiary of YILDIRIM Group of Companies and the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
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Majumdar S, 2020, B AM METEOROL SOC, P1
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Ochoa R, 2016, CAN METALL QUART, V55, P210, DOI 10.1080/00084433.2016.1146432
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NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 2199-3823
EI 2199-3831
J9 J SUSTAIN METALL
JI J. SUST. METALL.
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 9
IS 1
BP 216
EP 229
DI 10.1007/s40831-022-00632-7
EA DEC 2022
PG 14
Engineering
Engineering
GA 9Q4IH
UT WOS:000901607100001
PM 37519415
OA Bronze, Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shen, HL
Liu, B
Liu, Y
Zhang, JJ
Zhang, BL
Zhang, XY
Liu, J
Zhang, SE
AF Shen, Hanlin
Liu, Bo
Liu, Ying
Zhang, Junjie
Zhang, Bolin
Zhang, Xiaoyan
Liu, Jun
Zhang, Shengen
TI Recovery of Iron and Titanium in Red Mud with Secondary Aluminum Dross
Followed by Manufacturing Glass Ceramics
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
AB Red mud is a waste discharged from alumina production by Bayer process. It
contains iron and titanium resources. Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is a waste
discharged from aluminum smelting and processing. It contains hazardous reactive
aluminum nitride (AlN). In this work, iron and titanium in red mud were reduced by
AlN in SAD by pyrometallurgy, and slag was manufactured into glass ceramics.
Recovery rates of iron and titanium were 97% and 75%, when addition amount of red
mud was double of SAD. The reduced iron and titanium were in form of metal iron and
titanium nitride (TiN). Reduction process consisted of two steps: AlN, iron and
titanium entered aluminosilicate network of melt; AlN reduced iron and titanium.
Density, water absorption and microhardness of the glass ceramics were 3.10 g cm(-
3), 0.03% and 1195 HV. Utilizing 1 ton of SAD to replace carbon for iron reduction
could reduce carbon emissions by 407 kg. In addition, co-disposing 400 kg red mud
and 200 kg SAD could gain profit of 293 dollars. This work realized the total
recycling of both red mud and SAD.
C1 [Shen, Hanlin; Liu, Bo; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Junjie; Zhang, Bolin; Zhang, Xiaoyan;
Liu, Jun; Zhang, Shengen] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol,
[Zhang, Junjie; Zhang, Bolin] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Shunde Grad Sch,
Foshan 528399, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Jun] Delta Aluminum Corp Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526299, Guangdong, Peoples R
China.
Technology Beijing
RP Liu, B; Zhang, SE (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv
Mat & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM liubo@ustb.edu.cn; zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn
RI Zhang, Jun/JPK-7723-2023; Zhang, Yun/JCN-7026-2023; li,
jincheng/GQP-6856-2022; chen, si/JPK-4258-2023; Shen,
Hanlin/IVH-1336-2023
OI Zhang, Junjie/0000-0003-3425-2794
FU National Key R&D Program of China [2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101,
2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304]; Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region [2020BCE01001, 2021BEG01003]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [U2002212, 51672024, 52204413]; Macao Young Scholars
Program [AM2022024]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2022BG019];
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2021A1515110998];
Post-doctoral Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of
University of Science and Technology Beijing [2022BH004]; Natural
Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality [2214073]; Scientific and
Technological Innovation Foundation of Foshan [BK22BE001]; Xijiang
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team [2017A0109004]; Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-BD-20-24A,
FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-GF-19-032B, 06500141]; Integration
of Green Key Process Systems MIIT
FX This work was sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant
Nos. 2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101, 2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304),
Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Grant Nos.
2020BCE01001, 2021BEG01003), National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant Nos. U2002212, 51672024, 52204413), Macao Young Scholars
Program (Grant No. AM2022024), Project funded by China Postdoctoral
Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022BG019), Guangdong Basic and Applied
Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2021A1515110998), Post-doctoral
Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of University of Science
and Technology Beijing (Grant No. 2022BH004), Natural Science Foundation
of Beijing Municipality (Grant No. 2214073), Scientific and
Technological Innovation Foundation of Foshan (BK22BE001), Xijiang
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team (Grant No. 2017A0109004), the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.
FRF-BD-20-24A, FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-GF-19-032B,
06500141) and Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT. The authors
would like to thank the editor for editing the manuscript and the
anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments.
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NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 17
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD FEB
PY 2023
VL 75
IS 2
BP 321
EP 330
DI 10.1007/s11837-022-05613-5
EA DEC 2022
PG 10
GA A7WG5
UT WOS:000895626600001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kuang, B
Zhang, FX
Yu, Y
Yang, SL
Liu, HL
Wang, H
Hu, JH
AF Kuang, Biao
Zhang, Fengxia
Yu, Yong
Yang, Shiliang
Liu, Huili
Wang, Hua
Hu, Jianhang
TI Co-treatment of spent carbon anode and copper slag for reuse and the
solidification of the constituent fluorine and heavy metals
LA English
DT Article
DE Spent carbon anode; Copper slag; Co-treatment; Fluoride; Heavy metals
ID WASTE; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR
AB Spent carbon anode (SCA) is a typical global hazardous solid with high risk of
environmental pollution. We therefore report for the first time a novel co-
treatment technology for SCA and copper slag involving clearly defined
transformation paths for F, Cu, Pb and Zn. The results of the investigation showed
that the F and C contents in the SCA decreased the viscosity of the slag, thereby
promoting the flotation recovery of Cu, whereas the F was transformed into CaF2.
The PbSiO3 and ZnO contents in the slag were reduced to Pb(g) and Zn(g),
respectively. Under optimal conditions, the solidification ratio of F reached
95.71%, and 81.50% Cu, 55.84% Pb and 36.48% Zn were recovered. The residual Cu
content in the tailings decreased to 0.15 wt% after flotation. Toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure test revealed that the F, Cu, Pb and Zn leaching
contents were 46 mg/ L, 4.58 mg/L, 2.17 mg/L and 10.71 mg/L, respectively, which
are below their standard limits. The tailings can be reused as high-quality
building materials with minimal environmental risk. The process herein reported
presents a new and effective waste disposal approach, thus contributing to the
sustainability of electrolytic aluminium and copper smelting industries.
C1 [Kuang, Biao; Zhang, Fengxia; Yu, Yong; Yang, Shiliang; Liu, Huili; Wang, Hua;
Hu, Jianhang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Res Ctr Met Energy Conservat & Emiss
Reduct, Minist Educ, Kunming, Peoples R China.
[Kuang, Biao; Zhang, Fengxia; Yu, Yong; Yang, Shiliang; Liu, Huili; Wang, Hua;
Hu, Jianhang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Complex Nonferrous Met
Resources Cle, Kunming, Peoples R China.
[Kuang, Biao; Yu, Yong; Yang, Shiliang; Liu, Huili; Wang, Hua; Hu, Jianhang]
Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Fengxia] Kunming Met Coll, Kunming, Peoples R China.
RP Hu, JH (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Res Ctr Met
Energy Conservat & Emiss Reduct, Minist Educ, Kunming, Peoples R China.
EM jianhang@kust.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [U2102213, 51966007];
Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects [202001AS070027]
China (Grant No. U2102213, No. 51966007) and the Yunnan Fundamental
Research Projects (Grant No. 202001AS070027) .
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NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 14
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD JAN 10
PY 2023
VL 383
AR 135418
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135418
EA DEC 2022
PG 13
& Ecology
GA E1BG6
UT WOS:000972968000001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, XY
Hu, B
Liu, NS
Liu, XQ
Liu, CW
He, XT
He, SF
AF Li, Xiaoying
Hu, Bo
Liu, Nengsheng
Liu, Xueqing
Liu, Chengwei
He, Xintao
He, Sufang
TI Extraction of alumina from high-alumina fly ash by ammonium sulfate:
roasting kinetics and mechanism
SO RSC ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LEACHING KINETICS; HYDROGEN SULFATE; SULFURIC-ACID; COAL; ACTIVATION;
COMPOSITE; RECOVERY; PHASE; SLAG
AB The recycling of aluminum is commonly an important step to achieve the high
value-added utilization of fly ash, which is a kind of solid waste generated from
coal-fired power plants. In this study, high-alumina fly ash was efficiently
activated by ammonium sulfate method and the alumina was efficiently extracted. The
effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, and ammonium sulfate/high-alumina
fly ash mass ratio on the leaching rate of alumina were fully analyzed, and the
roasting kinetics and reaction mechanism in the roasting process were discussed.
The experimental results showed that the leaching rate of alumina in the roasted
material achieved 93.57% with the roasting temperature of 673 K, the roasting time
of 60 min, and the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate to high-alumina fly ash of 6 : 1.
The roasting kinetics showed that the reaction between high-alumina fly ash and
ammonium sulfate was controlled by internal diffusion, the apparent activation
energy was 37.40 kJ mol(-1), which accorded with the reaction kinetic equation 1 -
2x/3 - (1 - x)(2/3) = 2.9546 exp[-37 400/(RT)]t. The reaction mechanism showed that
the aluminum and structural damage mullite in the high-alumina fly ash reacted with
molten ammonium sulfate to form (NH4)(3)Al(SO4)(3) and NH4Al(SO4)(2). Finally,
(NH4)(3)Al(SO4)(3) was transformed into NH4Al(SO4)(2) with the increase of
temperature.
C1 [Li, Xiaoying; Liu, Nengsheng] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Bo; Liu, Xueqing; He, Sufang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Anal &
Measurement, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Bo; Liu, Xueqing; Liu, Chengwei; He, Xintao; He, Sufang] Kunming Univ Sci &
Technol, Fac Mat Sci & Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
RP Liu, NS (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
EM liunengshengms@163.com
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; Yunnan Ten Thousand
Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project; [51704137];
[YNWR-QNBJ-2018-067]; [YNWR-QNBJ-2020-002]
FX The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51704137) and Yunnan
Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project
(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-067 and YNWR-QNBJ-2020-002).
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NR 50
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 12
U2 27
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
EI 2046-2069
J9 RSC ADV
JI RSC Adv.
PD NOV 15
PY 2022
VL 12
IS 51
BP 33229
EP 33238
DI 10.1039/d2ra06658k
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 6L6WM
UT WOS:000888324300001
PM 36425183
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Chen, ZW
Wang, H
Wang, MH
Wu, WC
Liu, LL
Wang, XD
AF Chen, Ziwei
Wang, Hao
Wang, Minghao
Wu, Wenchao
Liu, Lili
Wang, Xidong
TI Simulation and experimental investigation on one-step process for
recovery of valuable metals and preparation of clean mineral wool from
red mud
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkali fixation; Mineral wool; Red mud; Reductive smelting; Vitreous
fiber
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BAUXITE RESIDUE; MAGNETIC SEPARATION; WASTE; GLASS;
VISCOSITY; IRON; REDUCTION; ALUMINUM; VALUES
AB Red mud (RM) is a hazardous alumina industrial solid waste and its utilization
faces three major challenges, namely, efficient recovery of valuable metals,
favorable control of hazardous substances, and complete utiliza-tion of residues.
We simultaneously achieved the three goals in a short one-step process, which was
inspired by green chemistry principles and focused on multi-objective coupled
control. Iron-based metal elements were recovered in reduction smelting process to
produce pig iron. Molten slags after smelting were rapidly cooled and fiberized to
produce mineral wool and hazardous alkaline substances were immobilized in vitreous
fibers. The smelting-reduction process, fibration capacity of RM-based molten
slags, and performance and environmental impact of prepared mineral wool were
investigated using thermodynamic, molecular dynamics simulations, and experimental
methods. The results indicated the recovery rate of Fe could reach above 87%. The
obtained mineral wool showed satisfactory properties with the fibrosis rate of
around 73%-92%, the mean fiber diameter of 1.57-5.62 mu m, and the mean fiber
tensile strength of 1520-6700 MPa. The highest Na+ leaching concentration was under
1.42 mg/L and the solidification rate of Na+ in different samples was above 99.8%.
This paper provided a fresh approach to achieve clean and high value-added
utilization of RM.
C1 [Chen, Ziwei; Wang, Hao; Wang, Minghao; Wu, Wenchao; Liu, Lili; Wang, Xidong]
Peking Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Energy & Resources Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R
China.
[Liu, Lili; Wang, Xidong] Peking Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871,
Peoples R China.
[Chen, Ziwei; Wang, Hao; Wang, Minghao; Wu, Wenchao; Liu, Lili; Wang, Xidong]
Peking Univ, Beijing Key Lab Solid Waste Utilizat & Management, Beijing 100871,
Peoples R China.
[Chen, Ziwei; Wang, Xidong] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
C3 Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking
University
RP Chen, ZW; Wang, XD (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples
R China.
EM zwchen@pku.edu.cn; xidong@pku.edu.cn
RI Chen, Ziwei/GZK-8700-2022
OI Chen, Ziwei/0000-0002-3707-0235; Wang, Minghao/0000-0002-4907-4030
FU National Key Research and Development Plan of China [2018YFC1901505,
2018YFC1901503]; Shanxi Unveiling Bidding Project [20191101007];
Ministry of Land and Resources Public Welfare Industry Research Project
[201511062-02]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672006]
FX This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development
Plan of China (2018YFC1901505 and 2018YFC1901503), Shanxi Unveiling
Bidding Project (20191101007), Ministry of Land and Resources Public
Welfare Industry Research Project (201511062-02), and National Natural
Science Foundation of China (51672006).
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NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
J9 J CLEAN PROD
JI J. Clean Prod.
PD DEC 20
PY 2022
VL 380
AR 134982
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134982
EA NOV 2022
PN 1
PG 12
& Ecology
GA 6R9JI
UT WOS:000892613500001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, LX
Chen, M
AF Zhang, Lingxi
Chen, Min
TI Recovery of Valuable Metals and Production of Fe-V Crude Alloy from
Vanadium-Enriched Slag Using Aluminum Dross as a Reductant
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION; APPARENT VISCOSITY;
EXTRACTION PROCESS; EAF SLAG; BEHAVIOR; STEEL; MELTS
AB The traditional aluminothermic reduction of vanadium-enriched slag using
metallic Al as a reductant to produce Fe-V alloys causes high production costs and
energy consumption. Aluminum dross as a solid waste with strong reducibility is a
cost-effective and carbon-free secondary resource. In the present work, an
efficient and sustainable recycling method is proposed to recover valuable metals
and produce Fe-V crude alloy from vanadium-enriched slag using aluminum dross as a
reductant. The influence mechanism of temperature, slag basicity, and reductant
dosage on metal recovery during the novel aluminothermic reduction was
investigated. The results demonstrated that metal recovery ratios of Fe, Cr, Mn,
and V approached the maximum values of 95.6%, 84.2%, 87.9%, and 91.8%,
respectively, at a temperature of 1873 K, slag basicity of 1.5, and a mass ratio of
aluminum dross to vanadium-enriched slag of 0.44. An alloy with 28.18 wt.% Fe, 6.34
wt.% Cr, 30.47 wt.% Mn, and 35.01 wt.% V content was produced, and the mass ratio
of V/Fe in the obtained Fe-V crude alloy product approached 1.24. The novel
aluminothermic reduction showed many sustainable and economic benefits, including
no carbon gas emission, rapid consumption of secondary resource aluminum dross, and
widely-used alloy product.
C1 [Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimetall Ores, Minist Educ,
Room 219A,Bldg Ferrous Met,3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Lingxi; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimetall
Ores, Minist Educ, Room 219A,Bldg Ferrous Met,3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819,
Peoples R China.; Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52174301, 51974080]
Foundation of China (Grant numbers 52174301, 51974080) which has made
this research possible.
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173
2015-389
NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 75
IS 4
BP 1180
EP 1191
DI 10.1007/s11837-022-05561-0
EA NOV 2022
PG 12
GA R3OA7
UT WOS:000877995400001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Polat, BT
Öner, IE
Kan, S
Benzesik, K
Yücel, O
AF Polat, Buse TuGce
Oner, Ilayda Elif
Kan, Selcuk
Benzesik, Kagan
Yucel, Onuralp
TI Fused Calcium Aluminate Production from Aluminum White Dross Residue
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum white dross; Non-metallic residue; Calcium aluminate; Waste
minimization
ID RECYCLING PROCESS; BLACK DROSS; WASTE; RECOVERY
AB Despite the numerous advantages of using and recycling aluminum, inevitable by-
products in the form of non-metallic residues (NMR) of aluminum white dross (AWD)
can be environmentally harmful. The aim of this study was to find a solution
regarding aluminum treatment via pyrometallurgical methods and, ultimately, to
obtain calcium aluminate (CA) flux for the iron and steel industries. The optimum
parameters, such as temperature, duration, and particle size of the limestone, for
CA production from the NMR of AWD were investigated. Calcination experiments were
divided into two categories. The aim of the first set of experiments was to
increase alumina (Al2O3) purity and remove nitrogen (N) in the rotary furnace. N
content was reduced to 0.25 wt% at 1150 degrees C and 2 h duration, while Al2O3
purity reached 94.67 wt% as the optimum results for the calcination experiments.
The obtained results were also compatible with thermodynamic simulations. In the
second set of experiments, NMR of AWD was synthesized via the addition of limestone
to obtain CA. It was observed that the crushed limestone favors the forming of CA
phases. Last, in order to determine the optimum fusing condition, the fusion
process was applied 1350, 1450, and 1550 degrees C to mixture of limestone and NMR.
It was observed that the material completely melted at 1550 degrees C and phases
containing CA were formed. The produced samples were characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and N analyzer.
[GRAPHICS]
.
C1 [Polat, Buse TuGce; Oner, Ilayda Elif; Kan, Selcuk; Benzesik, Kagan; Yucel,
Onuralp] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Yücel, O (corresponding author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-
34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
EM yucel@itu.edu.tr
RI Yücel, Onuralp/ABB-3025-2020; Kan, Selçuk/ABB-3305-2020
OI Yücel, Onuralp/0000-0002-3879-0410; Kan, Selçuk/0000-0002-3243-2399
FU European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
FX This research was supported by Efe Aluminyum Co., Turkey and European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
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NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 2199-3823
EI 2199-3831
J9 J SUSTAIN METALL
JI J. SUST. METALL.
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 8
IS 2
BP 851
EP 862
DI 10.1007/s40831-022-00532-w
EA MAY 2022
PG 12
Engineering
Engineering
GA 1X6TB
UT WOS:000796837800001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Han, C
Kim, YH
Kim, DG
Lee, MS
AF Han, Chulwoong
Kim, Yong Hwan
Kim, Dae Geun
Lee, Man Seung
TI EFFECT OF FLUX ON THE RECOVERY BEHAVIOR OF VALUABLE METALS DURING THE
MELTING PROCESS OF ALUMINUM CAN SCRAP
SO ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum; Can scrap; Flux; Gas Bubbling Filtration (GBF); Recycling
ID CHIPS
AB This study investigated the effect of flux type and amounts on recovery behavior
of aluminum alloy during the melting process of Al can scrap. The heat treatment
was conducted to remove the coating layer on the surface of can scrap at 500
degrees C for 30 min. The molten metal treatment of the scrap was performed at 750
degrees C in a high-frequency induction furnace with different flux types and
amounts. It was observed that the optimum condition for recovery of Al alloy was to
add about 3 wt.% flux with a salt and MgCl2 mixing ratio of 70:30 during melting
process. The mechanical properties of recovered Al alloy were about 254.8 MPa,
which is similar to that of the virgin Al5083 alloy.
C1 [Han, Chulwoong; Kim, Yong Hwan] Korea Inst Ind Technol, Res Inst Adv Mfg & Mat,
Incheon 406840, South Korea.
[Kim, Dae Geun] Inst Adv Engn, Mat Sci & Chem Engn Ctr, Yongin, Gyeonggi Do,
South Korea.
[Lee, Man Seung] Mokpo Natl Univ, Dept Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Mokpo, South Korea.
C3 Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH); Mokpo National
University
RP Kim, YH (corresponding author), Korea Inst Ind Technol, Res Inst Adv Mfg & Mat,
Incheon 406840, South Korea.
EM yhkim@kitech.re.kr
FU Technology Innovation Program (or Industrial Strategic Technology
Development Program-Development of Material Component Technology) -
Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy, Korea [20011183]
FX This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (or
Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program-Development of
Material Component Technology) (20011183, Commercialization and
development of new design on turbulent high temperature melting furnace
(2000 ton/y pilot scale) and separation/recovery of valuable metals from
end of life xEV/ESS battery pack. (funded by the Ministry of Trade,
Industry & Energy, Korea)
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TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST METALL & MATER SCI PAS
PI WARSZAWA
PA PL, 00-901 WARSZAWA, POLAND
SN 1733-3490
EI 2300-1909
J9 ARCH METALL MATER
JI Arch. Metall. Mater.
PY 2021
VL 66
IS 4
BP 1023
EP 1027
DI 10.24425/amm.2021.136418
PG 5
GA YC5JX
UT WOS:000739728700010
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Shen, X
Chen, M
Zheng, XR
AF Shen, Xiang
Chen, Min
Zheng, Xiaorui
TI Migration Behavior of Components in Converter Slag during Smelting
Reduction Process Using Aluminum Dross
LA English
DT Article
DE molten converter slag; aluminum dross; component migration; reduction
kinetic
ID FEO; KINETICS; STEEL; GRAPHITE; VALUES; CR2O3
AB In order to efficiently recycle valuable element from the molten converter slag
and enhance utilization ratio and added value of the slag, a novel aluminothermic
smelting reduction process using aluminum dross as reductant was investigated from
component migration and reduction kinetics, meanwhile the reduction mechanism of
smelting reduction process of molten converter slag using aluminum dross was
discussed. The results showed that the reduction of FeO firstly occurred with the
Al/(FeO+MnO+P2O5) mass ratio <= 0.27, and MnO began to be reduced with the ratio
increasing to 0.33. Further increasing the ratio to 0.40, P2O5 could be reduced
from the molten slag. Moreover, the contents of FeO, MnO and P2O5 in molten slag
decreased sharply within the first 4 min, 6 min, and 6 min respectively and
stabilized thereafter, and the Al2O3 content was increased dramatically over the
first 6 min and followed by a continuity increase. Recovery of metal was increased
to a maximum of 99.32% with the mass ratio increasing, and the crude alloy content
containing Fe, Mn, and P was up to 93.31%, 1.98%, and 4.72%, respectively.
C1 [Shen, Xiang; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Ministy Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met
Multimetall Ores, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Shen, Xiang; Chen, Min; Zheng, Xiaorui] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Ministy Educ, Key Lab Ecol
Met Multimetall Ores, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.; Chen, M
(corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang
51774072, 51774073]; National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFB0304201,
2017YFB0304203]
Foundation of China (No. 51574065, 51574066, 51774072, 51774073) and the
National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFB0304201, 2017YFB0304203) which
have made this research possible.
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NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 11
PI TOKYO
JAPAN
SN 0915-1559
EI 1347-5460
J9 ISIJ INT
JI ISIJ Int.
PY 2021
VL 61
IS 1
BP 49
EP 54
PG 6
GA QY5PC
UT WOS:000630090800006
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Liu, H
Ma, ZH
Huang, JC
Zhang, JD
Yan, GQ
Wang, LJ
AF Liu, Hai
Ma, Zhao-Hui
Huang, Jing-Cun
Zhang, Jian-Dong
Yan, Guo-Qing
Wang, Li-Jun
TI Preparation of Al-Hf master alloy by aluminothermic reduction of
HfO2
SO RARE METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Al-Hf master alloy; Aluminothermic reduction; Hafnium oxide; Slag-alloy
separation
ID CAST-ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; ZR; SOLIDIFICATION;
PERFORMANCE; ADDITIONS; MECHANISM
AB The Al-Hf alloy was prepared by open aluminothermic reduction of HfO2 using CaF2
and NaF as the flux. The influence of the slag composition, the amount of aluminum,
and the heat energizer was studied detailly to establish optimum conditions for the
sufficient recovery of the alloy and the complete slag-alloy separation. The Al- Hf
alloy with 40 wt% Hf was obtained by this method, and the maximum recovery was
70.7%. The microstructure of the alloy was observed by scanning electron microscope
(SEM). Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and energy-disperse spectrometry
(EDS) were applied to characterize the formation of the phases. The results show
that the alloy consists of Al and Al3Hf phases and the oxygen content is about 0.2
wt%.
C1 [Ma, Zhao-Hui; Huang, Jing-Cun; Zhang, Jian-Dong; Yan, Guo-Qing; Wang, Li-Jun]
GRIMAT Engn Inst Co Ltd, GRINM Grp Corp Ltd, Div Rare Met Met & Mat, Beijing
RP Wang, LJ (corresponding author), GRIMAT Engn Inst Co Ltd, GRINM Grp Corp Ltd,
Div Rare Met Met & Mat, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China.
EM gold@grinm.com
OI Ma, Zhaohui/0000-0002-5721-0573; Wang, Lijun/0000-0001-6823-600X
FU National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFB0305400]
FX This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and
Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB0305400).
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Z9 1
U1 1
U2 22
PU NONFERROUS METALS SOC CHINA
PI BEIJING
PA 12B FUXIN RD, BEIJING 100814, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-0521
EI 1867-7185
J9 RARE METALS
JI Rare Metals
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3645
EP 3650
DI 10.1007/s12598-020-01572-5
EA SEP 2020
PG 6
Engineering
GA UD5GU
UT WOS:000566885100002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Keskinkilic, E
Pournaderi, S
Geveci, A
Topkaya, YA
AF Keskinkilic, Ender
Pournaderi, Saeid
Geveci, Ahmet
Topkaya, Yavuz A.
BE Jiang, T
Hwang, JY
Gregurek, D
Peng, Z
Downey, JP
Zhao, B
Yucel, O
Keskinkilic, E
Padilla, R
TI Smelting Studies for Recovery of Iron from Red Mud
SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE METALLURGICAL
PROCESSING
LA English
CT 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical
Processing
CY 2019
CL San Antonio, TX
DE Red mud; Pyrometallurgy; Smelting; Iron
ID MOLTEN PIG-IRON; DESULFURIZATION; DEPHOSPHORIZATION; RESOURCE; KINETICS;
SLAGS
AB Red mud can be regarded as a by-product of aluminium extraction process since it
contains a significant amount of iron and some valuable elements. Therefore, the
treatment of red mud has been a hot topic for some decades. The authors have
recently started a laboratory-scale project dealing with stepwise recovery of
valuable elements from red mud of Seydisehir Aluminum Plant, Turkey. The first step
is related to recovery of iron and pyrometallurgical methods (smelting and solid-
state reduction) will be performed. Nonferrous metals will then be selectively
leached in the second step. In the extent of the present work, a literature review
relevant to the smelting studies for recovery of iron from red mud was presented.
C1 [Keskinkilic, Ender] Atilim Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-06830 Ankara, Turkey.
[Pournaderi, Saeid] Ibrahim Cecen Univ Agri, TR-04500 Agri, Turkey.
[Geveci, Ahmet; Topkaya, Yavuz A.] Middle East Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Eng,
TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
C3 Atilim University; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Middle East Technical
University
RP Keskinkilic, E (corresponding author), Atilim Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-
06830 Ankara, Turkey.
EM ender.keskinkilic@atilim.edu.tr
OI TOPKAYA, YAVUZ/0009-0009-3671-3655; Eray, Said/0000-0001-7310-9726
FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
[117M185]
FX The authors would like to thank The Scientific and Technological
Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for the financial support given
under Project No: 117M185.
CR [Anonymous], 2004, PROCESS EXTR METALL, DOI DOI 10.1080/08827500490477603
[Anonymous], 2013, Pyrometallurgical red mud processing method, Patent No.
2013070121A1
Balomenos E., 2011, TRAVAUX ICSOBA, V36, P255
Balomenos E, 2014, WASTE BIOMASS VALORI, V5, P333, DOI 10.1007/s12649-013-9280-5
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10.1179/037195509X12518785461760
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Hammond K, 2013, JOM-US, V65, P340, DOI 10.1007/s11837-013-0560-0
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HORVATH G, 1974, ACTA TECH HUNG, V79, P413
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Keskinkilic E, 2007, THESIS
Klauber C., 2009, DMR3609 CSIRO
10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.03.003
Logomerac VG, 1975, NEUE HUTTE, V20, P145
Mishra B, 2017, FRONT CHEM SCI ENG, V11, P483, DOI 10.1007/s11705-017-1653-z
MORIYA T, 1981, T IRON STEEL I JPN, V21, P732
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Rath SS, 2011, HIGH TEMP MAT PR-ISR, V30, P211, DOI 10.1515/HTMP.2011.031
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NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 22
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-030-05955-2; 978-3-030-05954-5
PY 2019
BP 489
EP 499
DI 10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_46
PG 11
Engineering
GA BO7XI
UT WOS:000525868100046
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Gesing, AJ
Das, SK
AF Gesing, A. J.
Das, S. K.
BE Wang, S
Free, ML
Alam, S
Zhang, M
Taylor, PR
TI Market Dynamics, Recycling and Recovery of Magnesium from Aluminum Alloy
Scrap
SO APPLICATIONS OF PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES IN MATERIALS PROCESSING,
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
LA English
CT Symposium on Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials
Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies - An EPD Symposium in
Honor of Ramana G. Reddy
CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2017
CL San Diego, CA
DE Magnesium recycling; Aluminum recycling; Magnesium electrorefining;
Market economics; RE-12 (TM) electrorefining process
AB This paper provides an overview of North American markets for magnesium and
aluminum alloys along with life cycle material flow diagrams. Additionally, we
review the production processes of magnesium and its alloys from various magnesium-
bearing raw materials, including scrap. The main focus of the paper is on the
collection, recycling and processing of post-and pre-consumer metal scrap
containing magnesium. We discuss the latest status and economic analysis of RE-12
(TM), a scrap-based process for recovering magnesium from aluminum alloys and its
potential application to can sheet, automotive (body and closure sheets) and
aluminum foundry markets.
C1 [Gesing, A. J.; Das, S. K.] Phinix LLC, POB 11668, Lexington, KY 40577 USA.
RP Das, SK (corresponding author), Phinix LLC, POB 11668, Lexington, KY 40577 USA.
EM skdas@phinix.net
FU United States Department of Energy Advanced Research Project Agency (US
DOE ARPA-e) [DE-AR0000413]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and the technical
assistance provided by the United States Department of Energy Advanced
Research Project Agency (US DOE ARPA-e, Contract Number DE-AR0000413).
James Klausner, Bahman Abbasi, Thomas Bucher and Daniel Matuszak were
very helpful. Ray Peterson of Real Alloy provided industrial inputs
regarding commercialization. Raouf Loutfy at MER Corporation and Mark
Gesing of GCI. contributed significantly. Real Alloy and Alcoa provided
scrap samples.
CR [Anonymous], 1925, US Patent, Patent No. [1,534,315, 1534315]
[Anonymous], 2013, DEFOA0000882
Bowman K.A., 1992, US Patent, Patent No. [4,849,072, 4849072]
Das S., 1978, US Pat, Patent No. [4, 115,215, 4115215]
Das S.K., 2014, COMMUNICATION
Dewing E.W., 1983, US Patent, Patent No. [No. 4,405,415, 4405415]
Dewing E.W., 1988, US Patent, Patent No. [4,790,917, 4790917]
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Fray D.J., 1990, US Patent No, Patent No. [4,904,356, 4904356]
Gesing A.J., 2015, US Patent Application, Patent No. [US 2015/0225864 A1,
20150225864]
Gesing A.J., 2016, MET T B
Gesing A.J., TMS 2016, P253
Hoopes W., 1925, US Patent, Patent No. [1,534,318, 1534318]
Kruesi P.R., 2011, US Patent, Patent No. [8,002,872, 8002872]
Phinix, 2014, LIC TRAD MARK RE 12
Sharma R.A., 1995, US Patent, Patent No. [5,427,657, 5427657]
Sintef, 2013, INT AL REC WORKH TRO
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-319-51091-0; 978-3-319-51090-3
PY 2017
BP 191
EP 200
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-51091-0_17
PG 10
Engineering
GA BH9JI
UT WOS:000404101200017
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Makhambetov, YN
Baysanov, AS
Nabiev, MA
Zh, SE
Baysanova, M
Sultamurat, GI
AF Makhambetov, Ye. N.
Baysanov, A. S.
Nabiev, M. A.
Zh, Shabanov E.
Baysanova, M.
Sultamurat, G. I.
BE Yurievich, SO
TI Processing and Use of Solid Technogenic Waste - Damping Metallurgical
Slags for Producing Calcium-Containing Ferro-Alloys
SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE WITH ELEMENTS OF SCHOOL FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS ON
RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION OF TECHNOGENIC FORMATIONS (TECHNOGEN-2017)
SE KnE Materials Science
LA English
CT International Conference with Elements of School for Young Scientists on
Recycling and Utilization of Technogenic Formations
CY JUN 05-08, 2017
CL Ekaterinburg, RUSSIA
DE high-ash coals; blast-furnace slag; technogenic waste; calcium
ferroalloy; smelting
AB In the given article there are presented the results of complex calcium-
containing ferroalloy from high-ash coals of the Saryadyr deposit, dump blast-
furnace slag and slag of refined ferromanganese, which related to technogenic
waste. There is established the possibility of smelting calcium-containing
ferroalloy, the recovery of basic elements reached 91.56% manganese, 87.75%
silicon, 76% aluminum and calcium up to 40%
C1 [Makhambetov, Ye. N.; Baysanov, A. S.; Nabiev, M. A.; Zh, Shabanov E.;
Baysanova, M.] Chem & Met Inst J Abishev, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
[Sultamurat, G. I.] Karaganda State Tech Univ, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
Karaganda Technical University
RP Makhambetov, YN (corresponding author), Chem & Met Inst J Abishev, Karaganda,
Kazakhstan.
EM m.ye.n@mail.ru
RI Baisanov, Alibek/O-5201-2017
OI Baisanov, Alibek/0000-0002-3025-7267
CR [Асматулаев Б. А Asmatullaev B. A], 2007, [Сталь, Stal'], P119
Khobotova E., 2012, ECOLOGICAL CHEM, P27
Makhambetov E. N., 2015, P 8 INT SCI PRACT C, P152
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU KNOWLEDGE E
PI DUBAI
PA OFFICE 4402, X2 TOWER, JLT, PO BOX 488239, DUBAI, 00000, U ARAB EMIRATES
SN 2519-1438
J9 KNE MATER SCI
PY 2017
BP 127
EP 132
DI 10.18502/kms.v2i2.958
PG 6
WC Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
GA BJ6OG
UT WOS:000426885500021
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Krayuhin, SA
Maltsev, GI
Timofeev, KL
Naboychenko, SS
AF Krayuhin, S. A.
Maltsev, G. I.
Timofeev, K. L.
Naboychenko, S. S.
TI Thermodynamic prediction of melting of copper-electrolyte slime
LA English
DT Article
DE smelting; slime; charge; sublimates; slag; matte; metal
ID PART 1; SLUDGE; CU; RECOVERY; FE; CO
AB Balance calculations of multicomponent equilibrium compositions in the gas-
liquid-solid system under oxidizing smelting of the copper-free copper-electrolyte
slime, during which sulfur, selenium, and tellurium dioxides transfer into the gas
phase, while compounds of lead, copper, antimony, iron, and aluminum are
concentrated in the composition of the silicate slag, are performed with the help
of the Outotec's Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software HSC Chemistry program.
It is established that, under optimal conditions of oxidizing smelting of the
charge (100 kg) of the electrolyte slime (O-2 a parts per thousand 0.9 kg, SiO2 a
parts per thousand yen 6%, CaO similar to 3%, t = 1200A degrees C), lead, antimony,
and arsenic almost completely transfer into the silicate slag, while copper and
silver (above 91%) transfer into the matte. Selenium is distributed between the gas
phase (49.8%), matte (24.1%), and metallic phase (26.1%), while tellurium is
distributed between sublimates (14.4%), silicate slag (8.4%), and matte (77.2%).
C1 [Krayuhin, S. A.; Maltsev, G. I.; Timofeev, K. L.] AO Uralelektromed, Pr
Uspenskii 1, Verkhnyaya Pyshma 624091, Sverdlovsk Obla, Russia.
[Naboychenko, S. S.] Ural Fed Univ, Ul Mira 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
C3 Ural Federal University
RP Krayuhin, SA (corresponding author), AO Uralelektromed, Pr Uspenskii 1,
Verkhnyaya Pyshma 624091, Sverdlovsk Obla, Russia.
EM S.Krauhin@elem.ru; mgi@elem.ru; K.Timofeev@elem.ru;
svmanyachenkov@yandex.ru
RI Timofeev, Konctantin/V-7707-2017; Maltsev, Gennady/S-1684-2017;
Naboichenko, Stanislav S./T-4497-2017
OI Timofeev, Konctantin/0000-0002-9525-6476; Maltsev,
Gennady/0000-0002-0750-0070; Naboichenko, Stanislav
S./0000-0003-0838-8372
CR Agrawal A, 2010, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V54, P401, DOI
10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.09.005
Belen'kii A. M., 2004, B TSVETN METALL, P17
Chou JD, 2010, J HAZARD MATER, V179, P1106, DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.119
Amaral FAD, 2014, MINER ENG, V60, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.mineng.2014.01.017
Hsiung JS, 2007, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V84, P384, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.009
Kubasov V. L., 1991, B IZOBRET
Littlejohn P, 2012, HYDROMETALLURGY, V121, P90, DOI
10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.04.001
Mastyugin S. A., 2013, SHLAMY ELEKTROLITICH
Petrov G. V., 1987, KOMPL ISPOLZ MINER S, P50
Puts GJ, 2014, J FLUORINE CHEM, V168, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.05.004
Soshnikova L. A., 1978, PERERABOTKA MEDEELEK
Sundman B, 2015, COMP MATER SCI, V101, P127, DOI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.01.029
Torres CM, 2015, MINER ENG, V71, P139, DOI 10.1016/j.mineng.2014.11.008
Wood P., 2001, METAL POWDER REPORT, V56, P26
Xie FC, 2009, J CLEAN PROD, V17, P1494, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.06.012
Zhang WS, 2007, HYDROMETALLURGY, V89, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.08.010
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 23
PU ALLERTON PRESS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA
SN 1067-8212
EI 1934-970X
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 57
IS 3
BP 175
EP 179
DI 10.3103/S1067821216030093
PG 5
GA DR4MQ
UT WOS:000379876200001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Potianikhin, DA
Komarov, ON
AF Potianikhin, Dmitrii A.
Komarov, Oleg N.
BE Bogdan, A
Martyushev, N
TI Mathematical Model of Iron Reduction with Aluminothermic Method
SO HIGH TECHNOLOGY: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
SE Advanced Materials Research
LA English
CT International Conference for Young Scientists on High Technology -
Research and Applications
CY MAR 26-28, 2014
CL Tomsk Polytechn Univ, Tomsk, RUSSIA
HO Tomsk Polytechn Univ
DE heat-and-mass transfer; thermite charge; exothermic reaction; chemical
composition; aluminothermic reaction; combustion; Maxwell model;
temperature; casting; mathematical simulation; materials recovery
AB Utilization of industrial waste in foundry engineering is one of approaches for
decrease of production cost price. This technological process may be based on
exothermic oxidationreduction reaction with the resulting formation of iron from
dross. Initial charge mixture consists of dispersed aluminum, iron dross and
admixtures. This paper is concerned with mathematical modeling of thermite steel
production. Presented model takes into account thermal, mechanical and kinetic
processes occurring in aluminothermic method of steel melt production.
C1 [Potianikhin, Dmitrii A.] Amur State Univ Humanities & Pedag, 17-2 Kirova Str,
Komsomolsk On Amur 681000, Russia.
[Komarov, Oleg N.] Inst Machinery & Met FEB RAS, Komsomolsk On Amur 681005,
Russia.
C3 Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Machinery & Metallurgy, Far
East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
RP Potianikhin, DA (corresponding author), Amur State Univ Humanities & Pedag, 17-2
Kirova Str, Komsomolsk On Amur 681000, Russia.
EM potyanikhin@mail.ru; olegnikolaevitsch@rambler.ru
RI Potianikhin, Dmirii A./L-1275-2015; Komarov, Oleg/H-9129-2016
OI Potianikhin, Dmirii A./0000-0001-6113-6073; Komarov,
Oleg/0000-0002-7121-4271
CR [Anonymous], 2012, Theory of Thermal Stresses
de Groot S. R., 2011, Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
DIK IG, 1993, COMBUST EXPLO SHOCK+, V29, P547, DOI 10.1007/BF00783704
Mukasyan A.S., 1997, SOLID FLAME COMBUSTI
Novohatskiy V. A., 1986, LOW WASTE TECHNOLOGY
Rozovskiy A.J., 1974, KINETICS TOPOCHEMICA
Sapchenko I.G., 2008, APPL THERMITE MAT TE
Sapchenko I.G., 2009, RUS Patent, Patent No. 2367539
Yeremeev V.S., 1984, DIFFUSION STRESSES
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
SN 1022-6680
BN 978-3-03835-264-8
J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ
PY 2014
VL 1040
BP 484
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1040.484
PG 2
GA BC0BK
UT WOS:000348897100092
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Peel, A
Herbert, J
Connaughton, R
Cotton, H
AF Peel, Alan
Herbert, James
Connaughton, Robert
Cotton, Hugh
BE Prasad, A
Taylor, JA
Grandfield, JF
TI Preserving metal units utilising the latest generation of aluminum dross
press
SO ALUMINIUM CAST HOUSE TECHNOLOGY XII
LA English
CT 12th International Conference and Exhibition, on Aluminium Cast House
Technology
CY SEP 11-14, 2011
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
AB The handling of dross is an unfortunate but necessary activity in any aluminum
cast house. One technology designed to cool dross and maximise metal recoveries is
the dross press. Since its introduction to the industry in the mid 1990's this
technology has evolved to meet the demands of the modern cast house and ever more
stringent environmental legislation. This paper describes developments that address
the weaknesses and limitations of early systems and enhancements that have enabled
the cooling of a wide variety of dross types including salt slag from rotary
furnaces. The paper will discuss data and results from the first fully
commercialized installation of a specially designed press for cooling salt slag
from Tilt Type Rotary Furnaces. Finally the paper will look at some of the
economical benefits of using a press through various economic models showing the
positive effect small improvements in dross recoveries can have on plant
profitability.
C1 [Peel, Alan] ALTEK, Castle Donnington, Derby, England.
[Herbert, James] ALTEK LLC, Exton, PA USA.
[Connaughton, Robert; Cotton, Hugh] SIMS Aluminium, Laverton, Australia.
RP Peel, A (corresponding author), ALTEK, Castle Donnington, Derby, England.
CR Crane John J., 1985, LIGHT METALS 1985
Eng P., 1995, LIGHT METALS 1995
Herbert J., 2007, ART DROSS MANAGEMENT
Kos B., 2000, ALUMINIUM, V76, P35
Perry OH, 2000, LIGHT METALS 2000, P675
Peterson Ray D., 2000, RECYCLING METALS ENG
Roth David J., 1995, LIGHT METALS 1995
Stevens Wesley, 2003, ALUMINIUM MALTING DR
Stewart D.L., 2000, RECYCLING METALS ENG
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2011
VL 693
BP 33
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.693.33
PG 2
Engineering
GA BZS68
UT WOS:000302845200004
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Pribulova, A
Bartosova, M
AF Pribulova, Alena
Bartosova, Marianna
GP SGEM
TI WASTES CREATED IN FOUNDRY AND THEIR TREATMENT
SO SGEM 2008: 8TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, VOL II, CONFERENCE
PROCEEDINGS
LA English
CT 8th International Scientific Conference on Modern Management of Mine
Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection
CY JUN 16-20, 2008
CL Sofia, BULGARIA
DE foundry; foundry wastes; used sand mixture; dust; slag
AB The European foundry industry is the third largest in the world for ferrous
castings and the second largest for non-ferrous ones. the annual production of
castings in the enlarged European Union amounts 11.7 million tonnes of ferrous and
2.8 million tonnes of non-ferrous castings.
The foundry industry is a major player in the recycling of metals. steel, cast
iron and aluminium scrap is remelted into new products. The most possible negative
environmental effects of foundries are related to the presence of a thermal process
and the use of mineral additives. environmental effects therefore are mainly
related to the exhaust and off gases and to the re-use of disposal of mineral
residues.
A good segregation of materials is essential to facilitate opportunities for
recovery, recycling and re-Use. Waste should always be recycled or recovered unless
a satisfactory justification has been accepted by the regulator that recovering is
"echnically and economically impossible".
In general, the waste streams comprise:
- raw material dusts collected in bag or cartridge filters
- slag from desulphurisation
- slag from melting
- melting dust and fume collected in a filter plant
- casting dust and fume collected in a filter plant
- fettling dusts collected in a abatement plant
- chips and turnings from fettling
- used abrasives and dust from shot blasting
- refractory.
This contribution deals with dusts created in diffierent steps of foundry
process and with possibilities of their treatment and next utilization.
C1 [Pribulova, Alena; Bartosova, Marianna] Tech Univ Kosice, Fac Met, Dept Ferrous
Met & Foundry, Kosice, Slovakia.
C3 Technical University Kosice
RP Pribulova, A (corresponding author), Tech Univ Kosice, Fac Met, Dept Ferrous Met
& Foundry, Kosice, Slovakia.
RI Pribulova, Alena/B-5666-2013; Bartošová, Marianna/AAA-7642-2020
OI Pribulova, Alena/0000-0002-8682-8380
CR Holtzer M., 2006, ARCH FOUNDRY, V6, P111
PRIBULOVA A, EMMIMA ANAL WASTE OR, P93
2004, INTEGRATED POLLUTION
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM
PI SOFIA
PA 14, KILMENT OHRIDSKY BLVD, SOFIA, 1797, BULGARIA
BN 978-954-91818-1-4
PY 2008
BP 201
EP 208
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral
Processing
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA BNX11
UT WOS:000275797200028
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Roth, DJ
Schirk, PG
AF Roth, DJ
Schirk, PG
BE Stewart, DL
Daley, JC
Stephens, RL
TI Cold cleaning and concentrating of non-ferrous dross
SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED
MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS
LA English
CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered
Materials
CY OCT 22-25, 2000
CL PITTSBURGH, PA
AB ALTEK has developed a processing system that can receive large pieces of dross &
bath, of various metal contents, and reduce and separate these highly metallic
concentrates into oxides and non-metallics. This system achieves these results
without grinding the metallics into fines. Its unique feature results in the
preservation of metallic unit in its largest possible size, which allows for
maximum metal recoveries. The Tumbler, an ALTEK-Didion International joint
development, and the ALTEK High Velocity Impacting System (HVIS) are the key
elements to this process. This paper will explore the advantage of this cold
cleaning system over the direct melting of the raw dross in the reduction of
landfill waste. The system also works well for removal of the aluminum from bath
from primary smelters.
C1 ALTEK Int LLC, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
RP Roth, DJ (corresponding author), ALTEK Int LLC, 314 Exton Commons, Exton, PA
19341 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-494-1
PY 2000
BP 1105
EP 1112
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering;
Materials Science
GA BU95E
UT WOS:000177472600095
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Meunier, J
Laflamme, CB
Biscaro, A
AF Meunier, J
Laflamme, CB
Biscaro, A
BE Gaballah, I
Hager, J
Solozabal, R
TI DROSCAR® -: RESIMIX®:: An efficient and
environmentally sound process to recover aluminium from dross
SO REWAS'99 GLOBAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING, WASTE TREATMENT AND CLEAN
TECHNOLOGY VOLUME I-III
LA English
CT Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology
CY SEP 05-09, 1999
CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN
AB The DROSCAR(R) technology is a salt-free method based on a tilting rotary are
furnace to recover aluminium from dress and aluminium containing materials. Heating
of the raw material is performed by the radiation of an electric are maintained
between two graphite electrodes in an airtight cavity. Rotation of the furnace
provides the agitation to agglomerate the aluminium droplets into a molten bath
which is poured into a ladle or an holding furnace. Solid residues are finally
discharged from the furnace opening door by tilting and rotating the furnace. Two
(R) plants (600 kW and 1000 kW) have been designed, installed and started
industrial DROSCAR operation in Fall of 1998.
The RESIMIX(R) technology is a new method to quench and cool the solid dress
residues exiting the furnace. The special rotary mixing-quenching machine has been
designed to cool the hot residues by mixing them with a part of the cold residues
fines. After crushing and sieving the mixture, two fractions are collected: the
said residues fines and a metallic concentrate. The (R) furnace to improve the
aluminium recovery rate. concentrate is recycled into the DROSCAR The paper will
present the principles and performances of the DROSCAR(R)-RESIMIX(R) process.
C1 LTEE Hydro Quebec, Electrochem & Met Proc, Shawinigan, PQ G9N 7N5, Canada.
C3 Hydro-Quebec
RP Meunier, J (corresponding author), LTEE Hydro Quebec, Electrochem & Met Proc,
600 Ave Montagne, Shawinigan, PQ G9N 7N5, Canada.
CR Breault R., 1995, US Patent, Patent No. [5,407,459, 5407459]
DROUET M, 1995, P 3 INT S REC MET EN, P803
GRIPENBERG H, 1995, P 3 INT S REC MET EN, P819
LAVOIE S, 1995, P 3 INT S REC MET EN, P791
MCMAHON JP, 1992, 5 AL IND EXTR TECHN
MEUNIER J, 1996, 12 C EL APPL BIRM UK
MEUNIER J, 1997, Patent No. 2213692
PAGET MW, 1990, P 2 INT S REC MET EN, P671
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PI WARRENDALE
BN 84-923445-6-3
PY 1999
BP 985
EP 994
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BQ57D
UT WOS:000088804300101
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU WILSON, WR
ALLAN, DJ
AF WILSON, WR
ALLAN, DJ
TI ALUMINUM-LITHIUM AEROSPACE ALLOYS - A NEW CHALLENGE FOR RECYCLING
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION
C-MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY
LA English
DT Article
AB For conventional aerospace aluminium alloys of the 2000 (copper) and 7000 (zinc,
magnesium) series the recycling of process scrap from both metal suppliers and
aircraft manufacturers is a well-established, worldwide industry. The recent
introduction of a new family of alloys that incorporates lithium has posed a new
challenge to the recycling industry owing to the high cost of lithium, its high
reactivity to the atmosphere and to refractories and its absence from the
specifications of all other registered alloys.
Various process options for recycling have been identified, but vacuum
distillation has been selected as the most cost-effective and technically feasible
solution. After a theoretical consideration of the relative volatilities
experimental results are presented for various conditions and scales of operation.
The experimental work established that the separation of Li from Al-Li scrap is
feasible and an industrial process has been designed on the basis of criteria that
were established during the research.
The economics of Li recovery are very sensitive to the Al-Li content of the feed
material. Owing to the design of aerospace vehicle manufacturing plants it is
expected that the swarf will be mixed with other alloys. A method of enriching this
feed has been developed that is based on the control of swarf morphology by thermal
and mechanical treatments as a precursor to eddy-current separation.
After eddy-current separation and vacuum distillation small proportions of Li
are retained in the Al residue. The effects of this on the properties of
conventional Al-Si shape-casting alloys were investigated and safe threshold levels
have been established.
Vacuum distillation and eddy-current separation are novel to the aluminium
industry and represent a high-technology solution to the problems of continuing to
supply products to the aerospace industry.
RP WILSON, WR (corresponding author), ALCAN INT LTD,BANBURY LAB,SOUTHAM RD,BANBURY
OX16 7SP,HERTS,ENGLAND.
CR [Anonymous], 1979, METALLURGICAL THERMO
BADGER DV, 1988, Patent No. 270135
BADGER DV, 1987, COMMUNICATION
DEWING EW, 1988, Patent No. 267054
EDISON TA, 1836, Patent No. 44317
ELLEBRECHT C, 1982, P INT C VACUUM TECHN, P941
FISCHER P, 1981, EXTRACTION METALLURG, pD93
GREEN DW, 1984, PERRYS CHEM ENG HDB, P21
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HARRIS DAE, 1986, ALUMINIUM 1886 1986, P34
HAYMANN FB, 1986, MODERN METALS, V42, P86
KAESTNER S, 1983, P INT S METAL REFINI
KRONE K, 1988, APR INT C VAC MET SA
LINDENBERGER H, 1940, Patent No. 2195217
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NASER DM, 1986, MATER ENG, V103, P48
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POWNALL S, 1988, MET MATER, V4, P35
QUIST WE, 1983, P INT C AL LI ALLOYS, V2, P313
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VANDERHULST H, 1986, REPRESENTATION SUPRA, P233
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WILSON WR, 1989, DEC P INT C DEV LIGH
WILSON WR, 1989, 5TH P INT AL LI C WI
1986, ALCOA TECHNOLOGY REP, V5, P19
1986, SCRAP AGE, V43, P4
1985, AIR COSMOS 0615, P79
1989, REGISTRATION RECORD
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 11
PU INST MINING METALLURGY
PI LONDON
PA 44 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4BR
SN 0371-9553
J9 T I MIN METALL C
JI Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. C-Miner. Process. Extr. Metall.
PD JAN-APR
PY 1993
VL 102
BP C44
EP C56
PG 13
WC Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Mining & Mineral Processing
GA LG124
UT WOS:A1993LG12400007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Li, ZR
Zhang, XY
Li, XH
Guo, JJ
Zhang, JJ
Shen, HL
Zhang, SE
AF Li, Zhuoran
Zhang, Xiaoyan
Li, Xiaohu
Guo, Jingjing
Zhang, Junjie
Shen, Hanlin
Zhang, Shengen
TI Lightweight, robust hierarchically porous ceramics from cost-effective
powders for dye removal
LA English
DT Article
DE Secondary aluminum dross; Coal fly ash; In-situ solidification; Porous
ceramics; Dye adsorption
ID ALUMINA FLY-ASH; METHYLENE-BLUE; HIGH-POROSITY; ADSORPTION; RECOVERY;
WASTE; DROSS; TEMPERATURE; INSULATORS; SIZE
AB A facile and cost-effective approach for hierarchically porous ceramics has been
proposed firstly, using coal fly ash as the main powder while secondary aluminum
dross (SAD) as curing and foaming agents. Benefited from the hydrolysis of AlN and
Al in SAD, gas and lamellar aluminum hydroxide sol attached to the surface of
unreacted particles were produced, meanwhile pH value and viscosity increased,
realizing foaming and coagulation casting simultaneously to fabricate porous green
body. The increase of SAD amount could contribute to more intensive formation of
flaky aluminum hydroxide sol, enhancing mechanical strength of green body, which
has high compressive strength of 1.03 MPa at a bulk density of 0.68 g/cm3. Porous
mullite-based ceramics could be sintered at a relatively low temperature of 1200-
1250 degrees C owing to alkali metal oxide and amorphous SiO2 in the solid wastes,
which also help to form micropores on the pore wall due to partially sintering.
Porous mullite-based ceramics possess hierarchical pores, bulk density of 1.00
g/cm3, open porosity of 66.15%, specific surface area of 2.24 m2/g and compressive
strength of 9.14 MPa. Their removal rate of malachite green solution reaches 99.1%
at a concentration of 100 mg/ L and an adsorbent dosage of 100 g/L. (c) 2023 The
Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-
NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
C1 [Li, Zhuoran; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Li, Xiaohu; Guo, Jingjing; Zhang, Junjie; Shen,
Hanlin; Zhang, Shengen] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing
RP Zhang, XY; Zhang, SE (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst
Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM xiaoyanzhang666@163.com; zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn
FU key and normal projects National Natural Science Foundation of China
[52102058, U2002212]; Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research
Foundation [2023A1515011609]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation
[L212020]; State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing
Tsinghua University [KFZD202004]; State Key Laboratory of Mate- rials
Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology [P2022-011]; Key R & D project in Ningxia Hui Autonomous
Region [2021BEG01003, 2020BCE01001]; Xijiang Innovation and Entre-
preneurship Team [2017A0109004]; Macao Young Scholars Program
[AM2022024]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
[06500141]; Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT
FX This work was sponsored by the key and normal projects National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 52102058, U2002212) , Guangdong
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grants No. 2023A1515011609)
, Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grants No. L212020) , State Key
Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University (No.
KFZD202004) , State Key Laboratory of Mate- rials Processing and Die &
Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No.
P2022-011) , Key R & D project in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Grants
No. 2021BEG01003, 2020BCE01001) , Xijiang Innovation and Entre-
preneurship Team (Grants No. 2017A0109004) , Macao Young Scholars
Program (Grants No. AM2022024) , the Fundamental Research Funds for the
Central Universities (Grants No. 06500141) and Integration of Green Key
Process Systems MIIT. The authors would like to thank the editor for
editing of the manuscript and the anonymous reviewers for their detailed
and helpful comments.
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NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 2238-7854
EI 2214-0697
PD NOV-DEC
PY 2023
VL 27
BP 316
EP 329
DI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.269
PG 14
Engineering
GA X5ID0
UT WOS:001098776000001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kaplan, V
Wachtel, E
Feldman, Y
Lubomirsky, I
AF Kaplan, Valery
Wachtel, Ellen
Feldman, Yishay
Lubomirsky, Igor
TI Recovery of Lithium and Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion
Batteries
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article; Early Access
AB We describe an economical and environmentally advantageous, mechanical/chemical
procedure for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries removed from a portable
computer. The battery cathode comprises complex Li-based oxides: lithium-cobalt-
oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide and/or lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide,
while the anode is constructed from a graphite-coated copper foil. Other carbon-
containing materials should also be present. The electrolyte, the composition of
which is not made available by the manufacturer, is probably a Li salt in organic
solvent. Following hand removal of the non-metallic container, the battery elements
undergo crushing/milling; no other component separation procedure is performed or
required. Sixty minute dilute natural gas (4 vol.% in N2) sintering under reducing
conditions (673-1123 K), followed by ice-water leaching, is used to efficiently
separate Li from the heavy metals in the form of lithium carbonate at high yield
and purity; 0.5 h smelting (1773 K) of the remaining metal clinker in air in a
closed ceramic crucible, with sodium tetraborate as flux, allows recovery of the
heavy, non-ferrous metals (Ni, Co, Cu and their alloys) as mm-size ingots (39% Co,
32.2% Ni, 26.3% Cu). Iron compounds, remanent Li, Al and unburnt graphite are
removed as slag. Neither corrosive acids nor costly reagents are required, and
hazardous liquid waste is not generated.
C1 [Kaplan, Valery; Wachtel, Ellen; Feldman, Yishay; Lubomirsky, Igor] Weizmann
Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
C3 Weizmann Institute of Science
RP Kaplan, V (corresponding author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM valery.kaplan@weizmann.ac.il
FU The research described in this report is supported in part by Champion
Motors, Ltd., Israel, and is also made possible by the historic
generosity of the Harold Perlman Family. The authors acknowledge the
assistance of Stephen Fox in performance of the ICP-; Champion Motors,
Ltd., Israel; Harold Perlman Family
FX The research described in this report is supported in part by Champion
Motors, Ltd., Israel, and is also made possible by the historic
generosity of the Harold Perlman Family. The authors acknowledge the
assistance of Stephen Fox in performance of the ICP-MS measurements.
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grow from USD 4.6 billion in 2021 to USD 22.8 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 19.6%
during the forecast period 2021-2030
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NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD 2023 OCT 2
PY 2023
DI 10.1007/s11837-023-06148
EA OCT 2023
PG 9
GA T6YP5
UT WOS:001079422900005
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Mavukwana, AE
Burra, KRG
Sempuga, C
Castaldi, M
Gupta, AK
AF Mavukwana, Athi-enkosi
Burra, Kiran R. G.
Sempuga, Celestin
Castaldi, Marco
Gupta, Ashwani K.
TI Sulfur Transformation and Metals Recovery During Co-Gasification of
Municipal Solid Waste and Gypsum
SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
CT ASME 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability (ES)
CY JUL 11-13, 2022
CL Philadelphia, PA
DE alternative energy sources; combustion of waste/fluidized bed; energy
conversion/systems; energy extraction of energy from its natural
resource; energy systems analysis
ID DECOMPOSITION; SCRAP; ASH; MSW
AB The fate of sulfur and conversion of metals during the co-gasification of
municipal solid waste (MSW) and gypsum is examined here using ASPEN PLUS combined
with Thermo-Calc for the process model development. The effect of air ratio,
temperature, and MSW-togypsum feed mass ratio on the syngas evolution, sulfur
transformation, and mineral speciation behavior is investigated. The results showed
prevention of gypsum sulfur transformation to sulfur dioxide at temperatures below
1050 degrees C, air ratio< 0.4, and MSW-to-CaSO4 feed mass ratio< 33 wt%.
Approximately 90 wt% of feed was transformed into gas products comprising 22% CO
and 19% H-2. At approximately 900 degrees C, major minerals formed were CaS
(alabandite), melilite, anorthite, rankinite, nepheline, and wollastonite.
Melilite, a calcium silicate of aluminum and magnesium, dominated over all other
silicates. At temperatures >1000 degrees C, these minerals transformed into a more
stable calcium orthosilicate (CaSiO4) and molten oxysulfide. At temperatures higher
than 1200 degrees C, all metals in MSW were transformed into molten oxides. The
results show that syngas and minerals can be recovered during the co-gasification
of MSW and gypsum to directly reveal the synergetic benefits of co-processing MSW
and gypsum low-value waste materials.
C1 [Mavukwana, Athi-enkosi; Burra, Kiran R. G.; Gupta, Ashwani K.] Univ Maryland,
Dept Mech Engn, Combust Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Mavukwana, Athi-enkosi; Sempuga, Celestin] Univ South Africa UNISA, Coll Sci
Engn & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Ave,Florida Campus, ZA-
1710 Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Castaldi, Marco] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10031
USA.
C3 University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park;
University of South Africa; City University of New York (CUNY) System;
City College of New York (CUNY)
RP Gupta, AK (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Combust Lab,
College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM amavukwa@umd.edu; kiranraj@umd.edu; sempubc@unisa.ac.za;
mcastaldi@ccny.cuny.edu; akgupta@umd.edu
RI Mavukwana, Athi-enkosi/IXD-2209-2023
OI Mavukwana, Athi-enkosi/0000-0003-3747-0498
FU Athi-enkosi Mavukwana gratefully acknowledges the financial support
provided to him by the Fulbright research scholar grant. This work was
supported by ARPA-E and is gratefully acknowledged. The support provided
by the team at City University of New York (; Fulbright research scholar
grant; ARPA-E; team at City University of New York (CUNY); City College,
NY
FX Athi-enkosi Mavukwana gratefully acknowledges the financial support
provided to him by the Fulbright research scholar grant. This work was
supported by ARPA-E and is gratefully acknowledged. The support provided
by the team at City University of New York (CUNY), City College, NY, in
providing MSW samples is also gratefully acknowledged.
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NR 53
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0195-0738
EI 1528-8994
J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME
JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME
PD OCT 1
PY 2023
VL 145
IS 10
AR 101501
DI 10.1115/1.4062164
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA P9NO0
UT WOS:001053874500013
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Xu, L
Li, XB
Liu, Y
Chen, M
Wang, N
AF Xu, Lei
Li, Xubiao
Liu, Yang
Chen, Min
Wang, Nan
TI Recovery of low phosphorus iron from steel slag using secondary aluminum
dross as the reductant
LA English
DT Article
DE Steel slag; Iron recovery; Phosphorus distribution ratio; Aluminum
dross; Selective separation
ID SMELTING REDUCTION; STEELMAKING SLAG; SOLUBILITY; VISCOSITY; MGO
AB Iron extraction by carbothermic reduction is a promising technique for the
recycling and valorization of steel slag, but phosphorus reduction and dissolution
are inevitable and limit the value of the metal products. To solve this issue, in
this work, a novel smelting reduction method was proposed to produce low phosphorus
iron from steel slag by using secondary aluminum dross (SAD) as the reductant. The
roles of modified basicity and SAD/ slag in the iron recovery and phosphorus
distribution behavior were investigated by various characterization and theoretical
approaches, such as ICP-AES, XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and FactSage. Owing to the fluxing
action of Al2O3 and the supply of abundant free (O2-), the slag shows a fully
melted and highly depolymerized state during reduction even when no slag
modification is made, contributing to a high iron recovery (92.8 %). This is an
advantage compared to other traditional reduction methods. Besides, the higher
basicity under no modification significantly suppresses the reduction of P2O5 by
reducing its activity coefficient, resulting in a decrease of 50 % in P content in
the separated metals. It is also found that phosphorus recovery presents a power
growth law with SAD/slag. The P content in the metals can be as low as 0.16 wt% by
decreasing this ratio from 0.28 to 0.26. Although a sacrifice of iron recovery (-6
%) is required for this purification, it shows great potential in pro-ducing high-
quality metals from steel slag.
C1 [Xu, Lei; Li, Xubiao; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min; Wang, Nan] Northeastern Univ, Key
Lab Ecol Met Multimet Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Lei; Li, Xubiao; Liu, Yang; Chen, Min; Wang, Nan] Northeastern Univ, Sch
Met, 3-11 Wen-Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RP Xu, L; Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met
Multimet Mineral, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) [202006085028]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [51804075, 51974080, 52074077]; Funda-mental
Research Funds for the Central Universities [N2225020]
FX This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC, No.
202006085028) , the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant
numbers 51804075, 51974080 and 52074077] and the Funda-mental Research
Funds for the Central Universities [grant number N2225020] .
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10.1179/037195510X12772935654945
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NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 2213-2929
EI 2213-3437
PD OCT
PY 2023
VL 11
IS 5
AR 110973
DI 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110973
EA SEP 2023
PG 10
SC Engineering
GA T4UC2
UT WOS:001077944700001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Williams, KC
Mallaburn, MJ
Gagola, M
O'Toole, MD
Jones, R
Peyton, AJ
AF Williams, Kane C.
Mallaburn, Michael J.
Gagola, Martin
O'Toole, Michael D.
Jones, Rob
Peyton, Anthony J.
TI Classification of Shredded Aluminium Scrap Metal Using Magnetic
Induction Spectroscopy
SO SENSORS
LA English
DT Article
DE classification; electromagnetic induction; magnetic induction
spectroscopy; recycling; waste recovery; industrial conveyor; Twitch
waste stream
ID RANDOM FOREST; ENERGY; ANN
AB Recycling aluminium is essential for a circular economy, reducing the energy
required and greenhouse gas emissions compared to extraction from virgin ore. A
'Twitch' waste stream is a mix of shredded wrought and cast aluminium. Wrought must
be separated before recycling to prevent contamination from the impurities present
in the cast. In this paper, we demonstrate magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) to
classify wrought from cast aluminium. MIS measures the scattering of an oscillating
magnetic field to characterise a material. The conductivity difference between cast
and wrought makes it a promising choice for MIS. We first show how wrought can be
classified on a laboratory system with 89.66% recovery and 94.96% purity. We then
implement the first industrial MIS material recovery solution for sorting Twitch,
combining our sensors with a commercial-scale separator system. The industrial
system did not reflect the laboratory results. The analysis found three areas of
reduced performance: (1) metal pieces correctly classified by one sensor were
misclassified by adjacent sensors that only captured part of the metal; (2) the
metal surface facing the sensor can produce different classification results; and
(3) the choice of machine learning algorithm is significant with artificial neural
networks producing the best results on unseen data.
C1 [Williams, Kane C.; Mallaburn, Michael J.; O'Toole, Michael D.; Peyton, Anthony
J.] Univ Manchester, Dept Elect & Elect Engeering, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL,
England.
[Gagola, Martin; Jones, Rob] Magnapower Equipment Ltd, A1 Harris Business
Pk,Hanbury Rd, Bromsgrove B60 4FG, England.
C3 University of Manchester
RP Williams, KC (corresponding author), Univ Manchester, Dept Elect & Elect
Engeering, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, England.
EM kane.williams@manchester.ac.uk; michael.mallaburn@manchester.ac.uk;
michael.otoole@manchester.ac.uk; a.peyton@manchester.ac.uk
OI Williams, Kane/0000-0002-7064-5395; O'Toole,
Michael/0000-0001-6397-7431; Peyton, Anthony/0000-0002-5740-348X
FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/W021013/1];
Innovate UK [72207]
FX For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative
Commons Attribution(CC BY) licence (where permitted by UKRI, 'Open
Government Licence' or 'Creative Commons Attribution No-derivatives (CC
BY-ND) licence may be stated instead) to any Author Accepted Manuscript
version arising. The authors would like to thank the UK Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant ref EP/W021013/1) and the
Innovate UK (contract ref 72207).
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NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 1424-8220
J9 SENSORS-BASEL
JI Sensors
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 23
IS 18
AR 7837
DI 10.3390/s23187837
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments
& Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA T4KB3
UT WOS:001077682200001
PM 37765892
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Villada, C
Navarrete, N
Rawson, A
Kolbe, M
Stahl, V
Kraft, W
Kargl, F
AF Villada, Carolina
Navarrete, Nuria
Rawson, Anthony
Kolbe, Matthias
Stahl, Veronika
Kraft, Werner
Kargl, Florian
TI Recycling of aluminium scrap into phase change materials for
high-temperature storage applications: Thermophysical properties and
microstructural characterisation
SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Circular economy; Energy storage; Phase change material; Thermophysical
properties; Recycled aluminium
ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ALLOYS
AB Metal scrap is often generated during conventional production processes and at
the end-of-life of metallic components finding use as a recycled metal source.
However, the impurities introduced in the recycling process can deteriorate the
mechanical properties of the final product leading to down-cycling from structural
applications or requiring great effort to make the material viable again. Metallic
phase change materials (mPCMs) are promising materials due to their high energy
storage density and high thermal conductivity relative to common inorganic and
organic thermal storage materials. Metals used for thermal applications, such as
mPCMs do not have strict mechanical requirements, and could potentially be made
from recycled sources unsuitable for structural significant applications. Thermal
storage offers an alternative use for scrap sources, especially aluminium alloys
which according to the International Energy Agency are among the metals with the
highest recovery rates. Al-Si cast alloys are widely used in different
applications, especially the automotive industry. In this work, the eutectic
composition Al-12.6 wt% Si has been proposed as thermal storage material due to the
great potential and excellent storage properties in the temperature range 500-600
degrees C. Thermophysical properties including melting temperature, heat of fusion,
heat capacity and thermal diffusivity were experimentally determined via
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Light Flash Analysis (LFA) in order
quantify the impact of impurities typically present in commercial aluminium alloys
such the 2000 and 3000 series. Four different Al-Si alloys with different impurity
levels from scrap-equivalent compositions were investigated as candidate materials
for latent heat storage applications and their potential contribution in the
circular economy.
C1 [Villada, Carolina; Navarrete, Nuria; Rawson, Anthony; Kolbe, Matthias; Kargl,
Florian] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Materialphys Weltraum, D-51170
Cologne, Germany.
[Stahl, Veronika; Kraft, Werner] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst
Fahrzeugkonzepte, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
C3 Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); Helmholtz
Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
RP Villada, C (corresponding author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst
Materialphys Weltraum, D-51170 Cologne, Germany.
EM carolina.villadavargas@dlr.de
OI Villada, Carolina/0000-0003-2946-1970
FU EFRE (Europaischer Fonds fur regionale Entwicklung) Leitmarktwettbewerb
NRW (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Mobilitat. Logistik within the project
'Lathe.Go' [EFRE0801688]
FX This research was funded by EFRE (Europaischer Fonds fur regionale
Entwicklung) Leitmarktwettbewerb NRW (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Mobilitat.
Logistik within the project 'Lathe.Go', grant number EFRE0801688. The
authors would like to thank the support during the alloy's synthesis and
manuscript review of Dr. Sonja Steinbach.
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NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 2352-152X
EI 2352-1538
J9 J ENERGY STORAGE
JI J. Energy Storage
PD NOV 30
PY 2023
VL 72
AR 108822
DI 10.1016/j.est.2023.108822
EA AUG 2023
PN E
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA S2BL0
UT WOS:001069272800001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kar, MK
Önal, MAR
Borra, CR
AF Kar, Manish Kumar
Onal, Mehmet Ali Recai
Borra, Chenna Rao
TI Alumina recovery from bauxite residue: A concise review
LA English
DT Review
DE Bauxite residue; Valorization; Alumina recovery; Smelting; Roasting;
Leaching
ID BAYER RED MUD; CALCIFICATION-CARBONATION METHOD; RARE-EARTHS;
CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION; IRON; ALKALI; METALS; AL; TRANSFORMATION;
EXTRACTION
AB Aluminum demand has increased with modernization of our society. As the primary
source of aluminum is bauxite ore, this has resulted in more accumulation of
bauxite residue. A bauxite residue typically contains 15-25% of alumina depending
on the origin of its ore and process conditions. Along with alumina, it also
contains iron, titanium and rare earth elements (REEs) in considerable levels.
There is still little effort for commercial use of bauxite residue with few
exceptions like in cement production such as in India and China. However, high
levels of soda and iron oxides in the residue can limit such applications too. For
complete valorization of bauxite residue, iron content needs to be lowered by
recovering it through smelting reduction followed by slag leaching for the recovery
of other metals (e.g., Ti and REEs). Smelting reduction process becomes
uneconomical with high alumina as it hinders efficient separation of metal and slag
phases. One of the most promising options to circumvent that problem is alumina
recovery before smelting to remove iron. The main focus of this paper is to give a
comparative and comprehensive overview on the processes developed for aluminum
recovery from bauxite residue. These processes are, namely, a second Bayer process,
Pederson process, soda or soda-lime sintering, reduction alkali roasting, smelting
and acid leaching, and calcification and carbonation processes.
C1 [Kar, Manish Kumar; Borra, Chenna Rao] Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Met & Mat
Engn Dept, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
[Kar, Manish Kumar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Alfred
Getz Vei 2, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
[Onal, Mehmet Ali Recai] InsPyro NV, Kapeldreef 60, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
C3 Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) - Kharagpur; Norwegian University of Science &
Technology (NTNU)
RP Borra, CR (corresponding author), Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Met & Mat Engn
Dept, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.; Önal, MAR (corresponding author),
InsPyro NV, Kapeldreef 60, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
EM chenna.borra@metal.iitkgp.ac.in
OI Borra, Chenna Rao/0000-0002-7141-8872
FU Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Kharagpur
FX This research involved funding from Indian Institute of Technology, IIT
Kharagpur
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NR 69
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 14
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 198
AR 107158
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107158
EA AUG 2023
PG 11
GA R7HT1
UT WOS:001066033700001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Vorobkalo, N
Baisanov, A
Makhambetov, Y
Mynzhasar, Y
Nurgali, N
AF Vorobkalo, Nina
Baisanov, Alibek
Makhambetov, Yerbolat
Mynzhasar, Yesmurat
Nurgali, Nurzhan
TI Technological research of process for producing titanium rich slag and
complex titanium-containing ferroalloy
SO HELIYON
LA English
DT Article
DE Titanium; Titanium rich slag; Titanium-containing ferroalloy;
Ore-thermal furnace; Smelting; Carbothermal process; Metals and alloys
ID MAGNETIC SEPARATION; CONCENTRATE; ALLOYS
AB This paper demonstrates the results on the experimental smelting of the titanium
rich slag and complex titanium-containing ferroalloy under the large-scale
laboratory conditions that simulate industrial one. The technological researches of
the process were performed on an ore-thermal furnace with 200 kVA transformer
power. The titanium rich slag was produced from the low-grade ilmenite concentrate,
i.e. the low TiO2 content and the high content of impurities. During the production
of the high-grade titanium slag (TiO2 content: 75-80%), the impurity elements are
transferred into the associated alloyed metal (cast iron). Thus, it can be used to
smelt the steel. As a result, samples of titanium slag have been produced with the
content of the main components, %: TiO2 - 80.2; Al2O3 - 4.5; SiO2 - 1.97; Cr2O3 -
1.3 and Fe2O3 - 9.87. Then, in metallurgical practice a complex titanium-containing
ferroalloy was first smelted from the previously produced titanium rich slag using
a carbothermic approach. The high-ash coal was applied as a carbon-bearing reducing
agent. The ash was more 45%. As a result of tests, a pilot batch of the alloy was
produced with the following chemical composition, %: Ti -20-25; Si -35-45; Al -10-
15; C -0.2-0.5; P -no more than 0.08; and ferrum. The main component content in the
produced alloy suggests that it can serve as an alternative to a mechanical mixture
(FeSi45, aluminum shavings, low-percentage ferrotitanium) for steel alloying and
deoxidation purposes.
C1 [Vorobkalo, Nina; Baisanov, Alibek; Mynzhasar, Yesmurat] Zh Abishev Chem Met
Inst, Lab Pyromet Proc, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
[Vorobkalo, Nina] NPJSC Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Tech Univ, Karaganda,
Kazakhstan.
[Makhambetov, Yerbolat] Zh Abishev Chem Met Inst, Lab Ferroalloys & Recovery
Proc, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
[Nurgali, Nurzhan] ERG Res & Engn Ctr LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Karaganda Technical University; Chemical Metallurgical Institute of
Zh.Abishev
RP Vorobkalo, N; Baisanov, A (corresponding author), Zh Abishev Chem Met Inst, Lab
Pyromet Proc, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.; Makhambetov, Y (corresponding author), Zh
Abishev Chem Met Inst, Lab Ferroalloys & Recovery Proc, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
EM nina.timirbaeva23@gmail.com; alibekbaisanov@mail.ru;
Makhambetovyerbolat@gmail.com; ye.myngzhassar@gmail.com;
n.nurgali@yandex.kz
RI Vorobkalo, Nina/ABF-6750-2021; Baisanov, Alibek/O-5201-2017
OI Baisanov, Alibek/0000-0002-3025-7267; Makhambetov,
Yerbolat/0000-0001-8613-9932
FU Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of
Republic of Kazakhstan [AP09058310]
FX The research was conducted within the framework of the study which
financially supported by the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of
Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan (grant No. AP09058310) .
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NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 50 HAMPSHIRE ST, FLOOR 5, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
EI 2405-8440
J9 HELIYON
JI Heliyon
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 9
IS 8
AR e18989
DI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18989
EA AUG 2023
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
GA Q7SI5
UT WOS:001059481100001
PM 37600357
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wang, JW
Zhang, SE
Lv, ZF
Liu, B
Zhang, H
Du, S
Liu, J
AF Wang, Jianwen
Zhang, Shengen
Lv, Zhengfeng
Liu, Bo
Zhang, Hua
Du, Sen
Liu, Jun
TI Microstructure evolution and properties comparation of industrial
grade-maintained 7050-T7451 plate recycled from machining chips
LA English
DT Article
DE Machining chips; Grade-maintaining recycling; Recycled 7050-T7451;
Microstructure evolution; Properties comparison
ID ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; SCRAP; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; PARTICLES; CORROSION;
STRENGTH; RECOVERY; PRODUCT; DROSS
AB There are 45%-71% machining chips generated during the manufacturing process of
aviation components. Most of these MCs are down-grade recycled as cast alloy,
causing resource waste. In this work, aviation MCs were added into the melt for
grade-maintaining recycling. A systematic evaluation was conducted on the melt
quality, microstructure evolution, and properties of industrial recycled 7050-T7451
plates with a capacity of 60t/ furnace, as well as a comparison with the primary
plates. The composition of the recycled 7050 melt is qualified, and the hydrogen
content is below 0.075 mL/100gAl. The results of PoDFA and LiMCA show that the
inclusions in the recycled 7050 melt are mainly below 40 mm in diameter, and the
number of inclusions is 3 times that of the primary melt. TEM shows that the
dispersed phase particles of the recycled plate are more uniform and finer. EBSD
shows that the recrystallization ratio of recycled 7050-T7451 plate is 8.3%, much
lower than the 23.9% of the primary plate. The mechanical and corrosion properties
of the recycled 7050-T7451 all meet the AMS 4050 standard. The cost of grade-
maintaining recycling can be saved by 6,130,000 USD per year for a production line
with an annual output of 20,000 tons of plates. This work clarified the process,
cost, microstructure, and properties of recycled 7050-T7451 plate, laying a
foundation for the application of grade-maintaining recycled aviation aluminum
alloys.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access
article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
nd/4.0/).
C1 [Wang, Jianwen; Zhang, Shengen; Liu, Bo; Du, Sen; Liu, Jun] Univ Sci & Technol
Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Lv, Zhengfeng; Zhang, Hua] SHANDONG NANSHAN ALUMINUM CO LTD, Longkou City
265713, Shandong, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Jun] DELTA ALUMINIUM Ind CO LTD, Zhaoqing 526200, Guangdong, Peoples R
China.
[Liu, Bo] Xinjiang Res Inst Nonferrous Met, Urumqi 830009, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, SE; Liu, B (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv
Mat & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn; liubo@ustb.edu.cn
RI Du, Sen/AAJ-1951-2021
OI Du, Sen/0000-0001-6696-082X
FU National key R D projects [2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101,
2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304]; Key R & D project in Ningxia Hui
Autonomous Region [2020BCE01001, 2021BEG01003]; key and normal projects
National Natural Science Foundation of China [U2002212, 51672024];
Xijiang Innovation and Entre-preneurship Team [2017A0109004];
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [FRF-BD-20-24A,
FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-GF-19-032B, 06500141]; Integration
of Green Key Process Systems MIIT
FX This work was sponsored by the National key R & D projects (Grants No.
2021YFC1910504, 2019YFC1907101, 2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304) , Key R
& D project in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Grants No. 2020BCE01001,
2021BEG01003) , key and normal projects National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grants No. U2002212, 51672024) , Xijiang Innovation
and Entre-preneurship Team (Grants No. 2017A0109004) , the Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grants No. FRF-BD-20-24A,
FRF-TP-20-031A1, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-GF-19-032B, 06500141) and
Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT. The authors would like to
thank the editor for editing of the manuscript and the anonymous
reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments.
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w
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NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 2238-7854
EI 2214-0697
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2023
VL 25
BP 6011
EP 6026
DI 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.233
EA JUL 2023
PG 16
Engineering
GA W3AD8
UT WOS:001090380000001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Hu, B
Li, XY
Liu, XQ
Liu, NS
Liu, CW
He, XT
He, SF
AF Hu, Bo
Li, Xiaoying
Liu, Xueqing
Liu, Nengsheng
Liu, Chengwei
He, Xintao
He, Sufang
TI Highly efficient leaching of aluminum and chromium from aluminum
chromium slag using NaOH-NaNO3 binary molten salt
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum chromium slag; NaOH-NaNO 3 binary molten salt; Elements
extraction; Response surface methodology; Aluminum-chromium solid
solution; Activation mechanism
ID VANADIUM SLAG; EXTRACTION; OPTIMIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; TECHNOLOGY;
SEPARATION; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; RESIDUE; ALLOYS
AB In this study, the NaOH-NaNO3 binary molten salt was proposed as a highly
efficient technique to leach aluminum and chromium from aluminum chromium slag
(ACS). Various factors, such as roasting temperature, roasting time, mass ratio of
NaOH (or NaNO3)/ACS, water leaching temperature and time, were adjusted to
investigate their influence on the activation and extraction of aluminum-chromium
resources from ACS. More-over, the roasting activation conditions were optimized by
response surface methodology, and the optimal extraction rates of alumina and
chromium (88.72% and 95.64%, respectively) were obtained with the roasting
temperature of 451 degrees C, roasting time of 3.9 h, NaOH/ACS mass ratio of
5.39:1, and NaNO3/ACS mass ratio of 0.79:1. Kinetic studies showed that the
roasting process was controlled by the diffusion of the product interface. Finally,
based on the comprehensive analysis of leaching data and physicochemical properties
change of ACS with roasting, the mechanism of NaOH-NaNO3-ACS activation was
revealed: NaOH-NaNO3 melted and encap-sulated the ACS during the roasting reaction,
NaOH provided a strongly alkaline environmental medium, which facilitated the
decomposition of NaNO3 into NaNO2 and reactive oxygen species, thus prompting the
oxidative decomposition of aluminum-chromium solid solution to form NaAlO2 and
Na2CrO4, further improving the leaching rate of aluminum and chromium.
C1 [Hu, Bo; Liu, Xueqing; He, Sufang] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Mat Sci &
[Hu, Bo; Liu, Xueqing; Liu, Chengwei; He, Xintao; He, Sufang] Kunming Univ Sci &
Technol, Res Ctr Anal & Measurement, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaoying; Liu, Nengsheng] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy
RP He, SF (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Anal &
Measurement, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Liu, NS (corresponding author),
Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met & Energy Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
EM liunengshengms@163.com; shucai1983@163.com
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51704137]; Yunnan Ten
Thousand Talents Plan Young amp; Elite Talents Project
[YNWR-QNBJ-2018-067, YNWR-QNBJ-2020-002]
FX This work was financially supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 51704137) and Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan
Young & Elite Talents Project (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-067 and
YNWR-QNBJ-2020-002) .
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NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PI OXFORD
SN 0892-6875
J9 MINER ENG
JI Miner. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2023
VL 201
AR 108218
DI 10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108218
EA JUL 2023
PG 12
GA N0IE6
UT WOS:001033948900001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Kasikov, AG
Shchelokova, EA
Timoshchik, OA
Semushin, VV
AF Kasikov, Alexandr G.
Shchelokova, Elena A.
Timoshchik, Olga A.
Semushin, Vasilij V.
TI Deep Processing of Dump Slag from the Copper-Nickel Industry
SO METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE utilization; slag; sulfuric acid; dehydration; silica; ferric oxide
ID SMELTING SLAG; MINE DRAINAGE; SURFACE-AREA; REDUCTION; RECOVERY; SBA-15;
TRANSFORMATION; MICROPORES; MESOPORES; HEMATITE
AB This work proposes an environmentally safe and economically feasible method of
waste copper-nickel production slag utilization (Kola Mining-Metallurgical Company,
Nornickel, Kola Peninsula, Russia). This process involves the decomposition of slag
by diluted solutions of sulfuric acid (7-10 wt.% H2SO4) with a transfer in a
solution of more than 70% silicon, 77% iron and 78% magnesium, and a concentration
of non-ferrous metals in the residue (similar to 70%). Copper ions were used in the
leaching stage to prevent the release of hydrogen sulfide into the working
atmosphere. Dehydration of the solution, followed by washing of water-soluble
sulphates from silica, was carried out to separate silica from the leaching
solution. The dehydration temperature effect on the silica structural
characteristics was determined. The possibility of recovering non-ferrous metals
from solutions after silica extraction by precipitation, in the form of copper
cementite, and the sum of nickel and cobalt sulfides, was evaluated. Pigment-grade
iron dioxide, magnesium sulphate and aluminium hydroxide were obtained by
dehydration of the solution after extraction of base metals, calcination and other
operations. Sulfuric acid leaching resulted in the disclosure of sulfide grains
encapsulated in ferrosilicate, which is a favorable factor for flotation. The
depleted residue can be successfully used in the construction industry.
C1 [Kasikov, Alexandr G.; Shchelokova, Elena A.; Timoshchik, Olga A.; Semushin,
Vasilij V.] Russian Acad Sci, Tananaev Inst Chem, Kola Sci Ctr, Subdiv,Fed Res Ctr
Kola Sci Ctr, Apatity 184209, Russia.
C3 Russian Academy of Sciences; Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy
of Sciences; Tananaev Institute of Chemistry, Kola Science Centre of the
Russian Academy of Sciences
RP Shchelokova, EA (corresponding author), Russian Acad Sci, Tananaev Inst Chem,
Kola Sci Ctr, Subdiv,Fed Res Ctr Kola Sci Ctr, Apatity 184209, Russia.
EM a.kasikov@ksc.ru; e.shchelokova@ksc.ru; o.timoshchik@ksc.ru;
v.semushin@ksc.ru
RI Pichugina, Olga/AEX-0452-2022; Timoshchik, Olga
Alexandrovna/GNP-1734-2022; Shchelokova, Elena/J-3515-2018
OI Pichugina, Olga/0000-0002-7801-2277; Timoshchik, Olga
Alexandrovna/0000-0001-7890-8308; Kasikov, Alexandr/0000-0001-7694-0910;
Shchelokova, Elena/0000-0003-3374-6856
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NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2075-4701
J9 METALS-BASEL
JI Metals
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 7
AR 1265
DI 10.3390/met13071265
PG 19
Engineering
GA N4LB9
UT WOS:001036736000001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, TF
Chen, BB
Cai, YC
Yang, YH
Cheng, GS
Wang, XQ
Dong, CQ
Zhao, Y
AF Zhao, Tengfei
Chen, Binbin
Cai, Youcheng
Yang, Yihao
Cheng, Guishi
Wang, Xiaoqiang
Dong, Changqing
Zhao, Ying
TI Cladding and corrosion characteristics of magnesium-aluminum spinel
refractory by alkaline slag during alkali recovery
SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkaline slag; Cladding characteristics; Corrosion characteristics;
Magnesia-alumina spinel refractory
ID MGAL2O4 SPINEL; MECHANISMS; CASTABLES; PRECURSOR; PULP
AB The alkaline slag produced during alkali recovery might cause harm to the
furnace's refractory components. The seat-drop technique and static dry pan method
are used to explore the cladding features and corrosion characteristics of alkaline
slag on the surface of magnesia-alumina spinel refractory in this paper. SEM-EDS
and XRD are used to study the microstructure, fundamental changes, and compound
composition of the molten cladding and interfacial layers, as well as the trends of
slag column alterations. Factsage 7.2 software is used to model the interaction
between the molten slag and the refractory. The results demonstrate that the
wettability process of the slag column is impeded in a reducing environment.
Combine with the results of the thermodynamic simulate, it is found that the
formation and transformation of a large number of high melting point compounds in a
reducing atmosphere is the decisive reason for the inhibition of wettability.
Temperature increases promote the production of high melting points substances such
as magnesium silicate and sodium metal aluminate, which alters the micro-morphology
of the materials and improves slag resistance and permeability resistance of
refractories.
C1 [Zhao, Tengfei; Chen, Binbin; Cai, Youcheng; Yang, Yihao; Cheng, Guishi; Wang,
Xiaoqiang; Dong, Changqing; Zhao, Ying] North China Elect Power Univ, Sch New
Energy, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China.
C3 North China Electric Power University
RP Zhao, Y (corresponding author), North China Elect Power Univ, Sch New Energy,
EM zhaoying1989@ncepu.edu.cn
RI liu, jiaming/IWE-3196-2023
China (52006072) .
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NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
SN 0272-8842
EI 1873-3956
J9 CERAM INT
JI Ceram. Int.
PD JUL 1
PY 2023
VL 49
IS 13
BP 21830
EP 21838
DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.04.005
EA MAY 2023
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
GA J3LD4
UT WOS:001008650200001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zuo, ZP
Yu, GQ
Liu, CL
Liu, GC
Liu, FQ
AF Zuo, Zheng-Ping
Yu, Guo-Qing
Liu, Chun-Li
Liu, Gui-Cheng
Liu, Feng-Qin
TI Dissolution characteristics of black aluminum dross in
Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3 molten salt system
SO RARE METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum dross; Aluminum nitride; Kinetics; Hydrolysis; Dissolution rate
AB The dissolution performance of black aluminum dross (BAD) in cryolite
electrolyte is key to its recovery by molten salt electrolysis. The stable
operation of the electrolyzer depends mainly on the rapid dissolution of BAD in
Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3 electrolyte system. In this paper, the dissolution performance
and behavior of BAD and its main components in the cryolite system were studied,
and the saturation solubility of aluminum nitride in this system was determined.
The dissolution performance of BAD in cryolite electrolyte before and after
denitration was compared, and the effects of temperature, cryolite ratio, and the
doping ratio of BAD and alumina on the dissolution rate were investigated. The
obtained results showed that aluminum nitride was the main factor affecting the
dissolution performance of BAD in the electrolyte. Aluminum nitride was partly
converted to a-Al2O3 after addition to the electrolyte, and the converted a-Al2O3
was partially dissolved in the cryolite electrolyte, while the remaining
precipitated and accumulated at the bottom with aluminum nitride. Aluminum nitride
was almost insoluble in the cryolite electrolyte, with 0.0022% solubility. A higher
proportion of a-Al2O3 in BAD was negatively influenced its solubility in the
cryolite electrolyte. The dissolution rate of BAD in cryolite electrolytes was
effectively improved by mixing BAD with ?-Al2O3.
C1 [Zuo, Zheng-Ping; Yu, Guo-Qing; Liu, Feng-Qin] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch
Met & Ecol Engn, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zuo, Zheng-Ping] Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Res Ctr Heavy
Machinery, Taiyuan 030024, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Chun-Li] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Phys, Yongin 17035, South
Korea.
[Liu, Chun-Li] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Oxide Res Ctr, Yongin 17035, South
Korea.
[Liu, Gui-Cheng] North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Energy Power & Mech Engn,
[Liu, Gui-Cheng] Dongguk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 04620, South Korea.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; Taiyuan University of
Science & Technology; Hankuk University Foreign Studies; Hankuk
University Foreign Studies; North China Electric Power University;
Dongguk University
RP Liu, FQ (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn,
State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Liu, GC (corresponding
author), North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Energy Power & Mech Engn, Beijing
102206, Peoples R China.; Liu, GC (corresponding author), Dongguk Univ, Dept Phys,
Seoul 04620, South Korea.
EM log67@163.com; liufqustb@163.com
FU National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFC1908403];
National Research Foundation from the government of the Republic of
Korea [2022K1A3A1A20014496, 2022R1F1A1074707]; National Research
Foundation of Korea [2022K1A3A1A20014496, 2022R1F1A1074707] Funding
Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI),
National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
FX AcknowledgementsThis study was financially supported by the National Key
Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC1908403) and the
National Research Foundation from the government of the Republic of
Korea (Nos. 2022K1A3A1A20014496 and 2022R1F1A1074707).
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10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04380
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Liu YQ, 2017, CONSTR BUILD MATER, V148, P140, DOI
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.047
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Zhang Y, 2018, J ALLOY COMPD, V735, P2597, DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.356
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 12
PU NONFERROUS METALS SOC CHINA
PI BEIJING
PA 12B FUXIN RD, BEIJING 100814, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-0521
EI 1867-7185
J9 RARE METALS
JI Rare Metals
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 42
IS 8
BP 2747
EP 2756
DI 10.1007/s12598-023-02280-6
EA MAY 2023
PG 10
Engineering
GA L9EG1
UT WOS:000992302000001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Chu, RS
Wang, Z
Deng, XX
Sun, NJ
Xu, CL
Guo, ZC
AF Chu, Ren-sheng
Wang, Zhe
Deng, Xiao-xuan
Sun, Ning-jie
Xu, Cheng-liang
Guo, Zhan-cheng
TI Fundamental research on recovering metals from hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg dross by
supergravity separation
LA English
DT Article
DE Zn-Al-Mg alloy; Supergravity; Recovery; Hot-dip dross; Separation
ID CAO-TIO2-SIO2-AL2O3-MGO MELT; PEROVSKITE PHASE; ALUMINUM; ZINC;
BEHAVIOR; REMOVAL; IRON
AB The dross generated in the hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg coating process is a valuable co-
product, since it contains high quantities of recyclable alloy. A new method to
recover Zn-Al-Mg alloy from the industrial Zn-Al-Mg dross was proposed using
supergravity separation. The separation efficiency was analyzed as a function of
gravity coefficient (G), separation time, and separation temperature. The
separation of Zn-Al-Mg alloy from the dross can be achieved at G > 100. The alloy
content in the dross decreased gradually with an increase in the gravity
coefficient, the separation time, and the separation temperature. The alloy ratio
in the enriched dross decreased almost linearly as the gravity coefficient
increased, and the recovery of Zn-Al-Mg alloy from the dross exceeded 78%; these
results were consistent with the results of the FactSage software calculation. The
purified alloy can be in-situ used in the hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg bath for production. The
feasibility of supergravity separation as a promising process for efficiently
recovering Zn-Al-Mg alloy from Zn-Al-Mg dross was thus demonstrated.
C1 [Chu, Ren-sheng; Wang, Zhe; Sun, Ning-jie; Guo, Zhan-cheng] Univ Sci & Technol
[Deng, Xiao-xuan; Xu, Cheng-liang] Shougang Grp Co Ltd, Res Inst Technol,
EM zhewang@ustb.edu.cn; zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
OI chu, rensheng/0000-0003-0834-3473
FX AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant No. 52174275).
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561
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Zhang LF, 2012, MIN PROC EXT MET REV, V33, P99, DOI 10.1080/08827508.2010.542211
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 17
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1006-706X
EI 2210-3988
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 30
IS 7
BP 1324
EP 1333
DI 10.1007/s42243-023-00989-3
EA MAY 2023
PG 10
GA L2QD2
UT WOS:000989341500003
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wei, DH
Zhang, ZY
Zhao, Q
Kong, J
Zhuang, YX
Xing, PF
AF Wei, Donghui
Zhang, Zhaoyang
Zhao, Qi
Kong, Jian
Zhuang, Yanxin
Xing, Pengfei
TI Preparation of High-Quality Silicon with Silicon Cutting Waste by a
Carbothermal Reduction Method
SO SILICON
LA English
DT Article
DE Recycling; Silicon cutting waste; Thermodynamics; Carbothermal
reduction; High-quality silicon
ID KERF-LOSS SILICON; REMOVAL; ELIMINATION; ALUMINUM
AB Silicon cutting waste (SCW) mainly consists of Si (80 similar to 85 wt%), SiO2
(13 similar to 16 wt%) and other impurities (2 similar to 4 wt%). Nowadays, the Si
in SCW is commercially recycled to produce Si ingots by a slag refining method, but
the SiO2 in SCW is melted into silicon slag and discarded as waste. In this paper,
a carbothermal reduction method has been proposed for recycling Si resources from
both Si and SiO2 in SCW to prepare high-quality silicon in a submerged arc furnace.
Petroleum coke was selected as the carbonaceous reducing agent. Firstly, the
effects of carbon content on the equilibrium compositions of the Si-SiO2-C system
were simulated. Secondly, SCW was mixed with petroleum coke under the guidance of
thermodynamic analysis results. Finally, the mixtures were charged into furnace and
smelted. Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis results showed that the value of
n((Si)):n((C)):n((SiO2)) should be controlled as 2.62:0.22:0.44 theoretically.
Experimental results revealed that the recovery ratio of SCW was 50% and the purity
of Si products was 99.40%. This proposed method provides an effective and
industrialized applicable approach for recycling SCW.
C1 [Wei, Donghui; Kong, Jian; Xing, Pengfei] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang
[Zhang, Zhaoyang; Zhuang, Yanxin] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Electromagnet Proc
Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Qi] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R
China.
C3 Northeastern University - China; Northeastern University - China;
University of Hong Kong
RP Xing, PF (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819,
Peoples R China.
EM xingpf@smm.neu.edu.cn
OI Zhao, Qi/0000-0001-6862-0626
CR Cheng C, 2023, NANOTECHNOL REV, V12, DOI 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0527
Cheng C, 2022, RARE METALS, V41, P4047, DOI 10.1007/s12598-022-02092-0
Cheng C, 2022, JOM-US, V74, P4146, DOI 10.1007/s11837-022-05311-2
Chou CY, 2018, ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG, V6, P4759, DOI
De Sousa M, 2016, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V161, P187, DOI
10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.005
Huang LQ, 2018, J CLEAN PROD, V186, P718, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.152
Jin X, 2020, J HAZARD MATER, V400, DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123145
Jin X, 2020, J CLEAN PROD, V247, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119163
Kong J, 2021, J CLEAN PROD, V286, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124979
Kong J, 2019, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V221, P261, DOI 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.069
Kong J, 2019, SILICON-NETH, V11, P367, DOI 10.1007/s12633-018-9889-x
Lu T, 2019, J HAZARD MATER, V379, DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120796
Maeda M, 2014, APPL SURF SCI, V312, P39, DOI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.131
Peng X, 2011, VACUUM, V86, P471, DOI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.09.018
Tan HG, 2016, J POWER SOURCES, V335, P146, DOI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.034
Tan Y, 2014, VACUUM, V99, P272, DOI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.06.015
Tomono K, 2013, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V120, P304, DOI 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.10.014
Vazquez-Pufleau M, 2015, IND ENG CHEM RES, V54, P5914, DOI
10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00577
Wei DH, 2023, J CLEAN PROD, V398, DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136557
Wei DH, 2022, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V816, DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151580
Wei DH, 2021, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V290, DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112548
Wei DH, 2020, ENVIRON POLLUT, V265, DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114892
Yang HL, 2019, WASTE MANAGE, V84, P204, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.045
Yang SC, 2019, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V228, DOI 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115754
Yang SC, 2019, J HAZARD MATER, V368, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.020
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 16
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1876-990X
EI 1876-9918
J9 SILICON-NETH
JI Silicon
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 14
BP 6323
EP 6328
DI 10.1007/s12633-023-02483-7
EA MAY 2023
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA S6IS3
UT WOS:000982378800001
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Xie, BY
Liu, CX
Wei, BH
Wang, RX
Ren, RS
AF Xie, Boyi
Liu, Chaxiang
Wei, Bohan
Wang, Ruixiang
Ren, Rushan
TI Recovery of rare earth elements from waste phosphors via alkali fusion
roasting and controlled potential reduction leaching
SO WASTE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Waste phosphors; Alkali fusion roasting; Controlled potential reduction
leaching; Rare earth elements; Leaching efficiency
ID TUBE CRT PHOSPHOR; MECHANICAL ACTIVATION; FLUORESCENT LAMPS; YTTRIUM;
POWDER
AB Waste phosphors, which contain the quantity of rare earth and toxic metals, need
to be recycled for both environmental protection and the sustainable development of
rare earth resources. Due to the magnesium-aluminum spinel structure, it is
difficult to extract cerium and terbium from waste phosphors. In this study, a
facile process for recovering rare earth elements from waste phosphors was
developed. First, the waste phosphors were alkali roasted to destroy the aluminum-
magnesium spinel structure in the blue and green powders. NaOH was found to be a
more suitable additive than Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and K2CO3 for alkali roasting. Then,
the roasted slag was washed with water to remove the aluminum and controlled
potential reduction leaching was conducted. FeCl2 was used as the reductant (dosage
of 0.04) in the 3 mol.L-1 HCl solution at a leaching temperature of 50 degrees C
for 60 min. The leaching efficiencies of Y, Eu, Ce, and Tb were up to 99.1 %, 99.4
%, 98.6 %, and 98.8 %, respectively. The reduction leaching process obeys the
shrinking core model and depends on the diffusion. This process can effectively
improve the leaching efficiency of rare earth elements from waste phosphors and
provides theoretical and technical support for the recycling of waste phosphors.
C1 Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Mat Met & Chem, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China.
Ganzhou Engn Technol Res Ctr Green Met & Proc Int, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R
China.
Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Ion Rare Earth Resources & Environm, Ganzhou
C3 Jiangxi University of Science & Technology; Ministry of Natural
Resources of the People's Republic of China
RP Wang, RX (corresponding author), Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Mat Met & Chem,
1958 Kejia Rd, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
EM wrx9022@163.com
RI Xie, Boyi/AAB-8403-2020
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52064022]; Distinguished
Professor Program of Jinggang Scholars in institutions of higher
learning, Jiangxi Province; Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education
Science and Technology Research Project [GJJ180437]; Jiangxi University
of Science and Technology Landing Project [2021016]
China (No. 52064022) ; the Distinguished Professor Program of Jinggang
Scholars in institutions of higher learning, Jiangxi Province; the
Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology
Research Project (No. GJJ180437) ; and the Jiangxi University of Science
and Technology Landing Project (No. 2021016) . We thank LetPub (
www.letpub.com ) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of
this manuscript.
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10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.04.030
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 17
U2 21
PI OXFORD
SN 0956-053X
EI 1879-2456
J9 WASTE MANAGE
JI Waste Manage.
PD MAY 15
PY 2023
VL 163
BP 43
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.029
EA MAR 2023
PG 9
GA D9DR0
UT WOS:000971664400001
PM 37001311
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Sun, NJ
Wang, Z
Li, Y
Sun, BL
Guo, ZC
AF Sun, Ningjie
Wang, Zhe
Li, Yuan
Sun, Bolin
Guo, Zhancheng
TI A new technology on continuous purification of galvanized zinc liquid
through supergravity-induced filtration
SO PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Galvanized zinc; Defect-free coatings; Separation efficiency;
Supergravity; Engineering scale
ID ZN DROSS PHASE; HOT; SEPARATION; RECOVERY; CERAMICS; ALUMINUM
AB The removing of suspended dross in galvanized zinc is the key point to obtain
defect free coatings and inhibit the generation of solid wastes including surface
and bottom dross which are detrimental to preserving environment. A supergravity
technology was used to induce the galvanized zinc liquid to be purifying through
ceramic foam filter (Al2O3 CFF). Al-Fe intermetallic were the dominant inclusions
and precipitated in the galvanized zinc liquid as suspended dross. During the
processing of purifying galvanized zinc liquid, inclusions were intercepted on the
surface of Al2O3 CFF as residue by the way of being wrapped in oxide film, and some
fine inclusions were captured in the filter. The removal ratio of Fe (RFe), loss
percentage of Al (LAl) and the yield of zinc (YZn) respectively reached 76%, 63%
and 96% at T = 450 degrees C and G= 50 through the Al2O3 CFF with pore size of 170
ppi and thickness of 20 mm. According to the exploratory experiment on the
purification, a continuous purifi-cation was further performed for completing
engineering scale purification of galvanized zinc liquid. RFe of 73% and LAl of 59%
were obtained after the process of continuously purifying 8 kg molten galvanized
zinc.
C1 [Sun, Ningjie; Wang, Zhe; Li, Yuan; Sun, Bolin; Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci &
[Guo, Zhancheng] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, 30 Xue Yuan Ave, Beijing, Peoples R
China.
Technology Beijing
RP Guo, ZC (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv
EM zcguo@ustb.edu.cn
FX Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China [Grant Number 52174275] .
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TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
SN 0957-5820
EI 1744-3598
J9 PROCESS SAF ENVIRON
JI Process Saf. Environ. Protect.
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 171
BP 1009
EP 1021
DI 10.1016/j.psep.2022.09.055
EA FEB 2023
PG 13
SC Engineering
GA 9P9BR
UT WOS:000944572200001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, LX
Chen, M
AF Zhang, Lingxi
Chen, Min
TI Simultaneous Recovery of Iron-Based Alloy and Production of
Vanadium-Enriched Slag via Silicothermic Reduction of Chromium-Bearing
Vanadium Slag
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID KINETICS; VISCOSITY; SILICON; ORE; MECHANISM; ALUMINUM; COPPER; SLURRY;
WASTE; MELTS
AB The traditional roasting-leaching-calcining processes of chromium-bearing
vanadium slag (CVS) to produce iron-vanadium alloys cause hazardous wastewater and
high production costs. Sustainable and cost-efficient reduction technology has
attracted much attention to shorten production procedures and control costs. The
secondary resource solar-grade silicon cutting waste (Si-CW), as a strong reducing
agent, is a solid waste generated during wafer slicing for solar cells. In this
study, the enrichment/removal behaviors of CVS were investigated via thermodynamics
and high-temperature experiments, to achieve the simultaneous production of an
iron-based alloy and the preparation of vanadium-enriched slag using Si-CW as a
reductant. Additionally, the reduction behaviors of iron, chromium, and vanadium
oxides during the reduction process are discussed, and the reduction mechanism and
reduction rate-controlling step are clarified and reviewed in detail. The results
show that the maximum reduction degrees of FeO, Cr2O3, and MnO reach 92.5%, 65.2%,
and 72.5%, respectively, at a temperature of 1873 K, a slag basicity of 0.75, and a
Si-CW/CVS mass rate of 0.20. Vanadium-enriched slag with 15.36 wt.% V2O3 has been
successfully prepared, and the iron-based alloy product with 78.48 wt.% Fe, 5.32
wt.% Cr, and 16.20 wt.% Mn concentration was simultaneously produced.
C1 [Zhang, Lingxi; Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang
[Chen, Min] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Ores, Minist Educ, Room
219A,Bldg Ferrous Met,3-11 Wen Hua Rd, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, 3-11 Wen Hua Rd,
Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.; Chen, M (corresponding author), Northeastern
Univ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Ores, Minist Educ, Room 219A,Bldg Ferrous Met,3-11
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; [52174301]; [51974080]
FX AcknowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 52174301, 51974080) which has
made this research possible.
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Zhang X, 2012, IRONMAK STEELMAK, V39, P147, DOI 10.1179/1743281211Y.0000000079
2015-389
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 75
IS 4
BP 1192
EP 1205
DI 10.1007/s11837-022-05612-6
EA DEC 2022
PG 14
GA R3OA7
UT WOS:000898279900002
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Avarmaa, K
Klemettinen, L
Taskinen, P
Lindberg, D
Pihlasalo, J
Johto, H
Jokilaakso, A
AF Avarmaa, Katri
Klemettinen, Lassi
Taskinen, Pekka
Lindberg, Daniel
Pihlasalo, Jouni
Johto, Hannu
Jokilaakso, Ari
TI Utilization of Scrap Metals as Reductants for Improved Ni and Cu
Recoveries in Copper Smelting
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminothermic reduction; Metallothermic reduction; Magnesium; Kinetics;
E-scrap
ID REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; THERMOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; PRECIOUS METALS; EAF SLAG;
FE; ALUMINUM; IRON; SYSTEM; EQUILIBRIUM; ELEMENTS
AB This study investigated a novel approach of using Al and Al-Mg scrap as heat
providers and reductants that do not cause direct carbon-containing emissions in
pyrometallurgical copper processing. Aluminum and magnesium are typical elements in
metal wastes, such as WEEE, and they oxide easily under copper smelting conditions.
In the reduction experiments, a copper- and nickel-rich industrial slag was
equilibrated under Ar gas atmosphere at 1300 degrees C, after which a reductant
metal piece was dropped on top of the slag. The slag-reductant samples were drop
quenched in brine after 2-128 min of reduction. Thermodynamic calculations were
executed with MTDATA to evaluate the phase equilibria and thermochemistry of the
copper slag in metallothermic reduction. All the results proved that Al and Al-5wt%
Mg alloys can be used as reductants in copper processes to enhance the recoveries
of nickel and copper in metal/matte. Cu concentration in slag decreased from 2 to
1.2 wt% and Ni from 1.7 to 1.2 wt% in 30 min in aluminothermic reduction
experiments, despite an immediate formation of a solid alumina layer on the surface
of the reductant, hindering the reduction kinetics. The heat produced was
calculated as 31 kWh/ton slag or 2.1 kWh/kg added Al or Al-Mg.
[GRAPHICS]
.
C1 [Avarmaa, Katri; Klemettinen, Lassi; Taskinen, Pekka; Lindberg, Daniel;
Jokilaakso, Ari] Aalto Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Dept Chem & Met Engn, POB 16100, Aalto
00076, Finland.
[Avarmaa, Katri] Swinburne Univ Technol, Dept Mech & Prod Design Engn, John St,
Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia.
[Pihlasalo, Jouni; Johto, Hannu] Metso Outotec Finland Oy, Res Ctr, Kuparitie
10, Pori 28330, Finland.
[Johto, Hannu] Sweco Ind Oy, Ilmalanportti 2, Helsinki 00240, Finland.
C3 Aalto University; Swinburne University of Technology
RP Avarmaa, K (corresponding author), Aalto Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Dept Chem & Met
Engn, POB 16100, Aalto 00076, Finland.; Avarmaa, K (corresponding author),
Swinburne Univ Technol, Dept Mech & Prod Design Engn, John St, Melbourne, Vic 3122,
Australia.
EM kavarmaa@swin.edu.au; lassi.klemettinen@aalto.fi;
pekka.taskinen@aalto.fi; daniel.k.lindberg@aalto.fi;
jouni.pihlasalo@mogroup.com; hannu.johto@sweco.fi
RI Lindberg, Daniel/HOH-9196-2023; Taskinen, Pekka/K-4292-2015
OI Lindberg, Daniel/0000-0002-8442-1237; Jokilaakso,
Ari/0000-0003-0582-7181; Klemettinen, Lassi/0000-0001-9633-7131;
Taskinen, Pekka/0000-0002-4054-952X
FU Business Finland [3891/31/2018]; Finnish Steel Producer's Fund via Prof.
Daniel Lindberg's research group grant [1497]; Finnish Steel and Metal
Producers' Fund; Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering
FX This work was financially supported by the Business Finland financed
SYMMET project [Grant Number 3891/31/2018]. Katri Avarmaa also received
funding from the Finnish Steel Producer's Fund via Prof. Daniel
Lindberg's research group grant [Application Number 1497]. Lassi
Klemettinen is grateful for the doctoral study grant provided by the
Finnish Steel and Metal Producers' Fund and the funding provided by
Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering. This study utilized the
Academy of Finland's RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) based
jointly at Aalto University, GTK, and VTT in Espoo. The authors are also
grateful for Professor Akbar Rhamdhani on his support and feedback when
finalizing the manuscript.
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NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 2199-3823
EI 2199-3831
J9 J SUSTAIN METALL
JI J. SUST. METALL.
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 8
IS 4
BP 1915
EP 1931
DI 10.1007/s40831-022-00614-9
EA NOV 2022
PG 17
Engineering
Engineering
GA 6W6CM
UT WOS:000879668100001
OA hybrid, Green Published
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Zuo, ZP
Liu, YB
Kang, J
Yu, GQ
Liu, FQ
Zhao, HL
AF Zuo, Zhengping
Liu, Yubao
Kang, Jia
Yu, Guoqing
Liu, Fengqin
Zhao, Hongliang
TI Basic Physical Properties of Aluminum Alloys and Their Electrolyte
Systems Prepared by Molten Salt Electrolysis Using Black Aluminum Dross
as Raw Material
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
AB The density and surface tension of the proposed molten salt system of different
components Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-BAD were measured by Archimedes and separation methods
at 940-980 degrees C. The dissolution rate of black aluminum dross (BAD) and
aluminum oxide in the electrolyte after denitrification was compared. The aluminum
alloy was prepared from BAD raw materials, and the influence of BAD content on
alloy composition was studied. The results showed that the electrolyte system
density and surface tension exhibited a downward trend with increasing temperature,
aluminum fluoride content, and BAD content. Other impurity elements in BAD had only
limited influence on the density and surface tension of the electrolyte system. The
dissolution rate of denitrified BAD in the electrolyte was slightly greater than
that of alumina. The content of each metal element in the aluminum alloy increased
with increasing proportion of BAD.
C1 [Zuo, Zhengping; Liu, Yubao; Yu, Guoqing; Liu, Fengqin; Zhao, Hongliang] Univ
Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zuo, Zhengping; Yu, Guoqing; Liu, Fengqin; Zhao, Hongliang] Univ Sci & Technol
Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zuo, Zhengping; Yu, Guoqing; Liu, Fengqin; Zhao, Hongliang] Univ Sci & Technol
Beijing, Beijing Key Lab Green Recovery & Extract Rare & P, Beijing 100083, Peoples
R China.
[Liu, Yubao; Kang, Jia] Baotou Res Inst Rare Earths, State Key Lab Baiyunobo
Rare Earth Resource Res &, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China.
Technology Beijing; University of Science & Technology Beijing
RP Liu, FQ; Zhao, HL (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key
Lab Adv Met, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Liu, FQ; Zhao, HL (corresponding
author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Met & Ecol Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R
China.; Liu, FQ; Zhao, HL (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing,
Beijing Key Lab Green Recovery & Extract Rare & P, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM liufq@ustb.edu.cn; zhaohl@ustb.edu.cn
Program of China (2019YFC1908403). The authors are grateful to the
reviewers who helped to improve the paper by many pertinent comments and
suggestions.
10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.07.039
Beheshti R., 2016, J SUSTAIN METALL, V3, P1
10.1016/j.minpro.2009.05.002
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10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.026
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Zhu Q., 2013, B CHIN CERAM SOC, V32, P087
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 74
IS 5
BP 2037
EP 2046
DI 10.1007/s11837-021-05149-0
EA JAN 2022
PG 10
GA 0K9PM
UT WOS:000749048000001
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Wibner, S
Antrekowitsch, H
Meisel, TC
AF Wibner, Stefan
Antrekowitsch, Helmut
Meisel, Thomas C.
TI Studies on the Formation and Processing of Aluminium Dross with
Particular Focus on Special Metals
SO METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminium dross; recycling; rare earths; salt drum furnace
ID RECOVERY
AB In terms of production volume, aluminium is the leading metal in non-ferrous
metallurgy. In particular, the recycling of aluminium-containing residues has
strongly increased in recent years and will continue to gain importance in the
future. Due to the high affinity of aluminium to oxygen, the oxidation of the
molten bath is unavoidable, which leads to the formation of dross on the surface.
This has a high content of metallic aluminium and therefore represents a valuable
residual material that must be further processed. In the presented work, a study is
conducted on the formation and possible further processing of aluminium dross.
Within the scope of this experimental work, the pyrometallurgical treatment of Al-
dross in the salt drum furnace was evaluated on the basis of an experiment in a
TBRC (top blown rotary converter) by adding a salt mixture. In addition, the
behaviour of special metals, in particular the rare earth elements (REEs), was
investigated during such a melting process. This knowledge will be particularly
important in the future, as inadequate scrap processing leads to more of these
partially valuable contaminants entering the aluminium scrap cycle. The result of
the experimental study was that the metal yield of the dross used in the melting
experiment at the Chair of Nonferrous Metallurgy was higher than that achieved by
external reprocessing. Regarding the distribution of the rare earths, there was a
direct transition of these from the dross into the emerging salt slag phase.
C1 [Wibner, Stefan; Antrekowitsch, Helmut] Univ Leoben, Nonferrous Met, A-8700
Leoben, Austria.
[Meisel, Thomas C.] Univ Leoben, Gen & Analyt Chem, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.
C3 University of Leoben; University of Leoben
RP Wibner, S (corresponding author), Univ Leoben, Nonferrous Met, A-8700 Leoben,
Austria.
EM stefan.wibner@unileoben.ac.at; helmut.antrekowitsch@unileoben.ac.at;
thomas.meisel@unileoben.ac.at
RI Meisel, Thomas C/B-3637-2009
OI Meisel, Thomas C/0000-0001-5572-3212
FU Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)
FX This research was funded by The Austrian Research Promotion Agency
(FFG).
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[Anonymous], RARE EARTH ELEMENT R
[Anonymous], RECHERCHE ROHSTOFFGR
[Anonymous], GEOCHEMIE SELTENEN E
Antrekowitsch H., 2013, P BERL SCHLACK BERL, P615
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Manfredi O., 1997, THESIS TU BERLIN BER
10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.026
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008-0360-Y
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Zauner J., 2000, THESIS U LEOBEN LEOB
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 13
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
EI 2075-4701
J9 METALS-BASEL
JI Metals
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 11
IS 7
AR 1108
DI 10.3390/met11071108
PG 12
Engineering
GA TO8WE
UT WOS:000677183500001
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Mitrica, D
Serban, BA
Olaru, M
Burada, M
Dumitrescu, D
Banica, CI
AF Mitrica, D.
Serban, B. A.
Olaru, M.
Burada, M.
Dumitrescu, D.
Banica, C., I
GP IOP Publishing
TI Modelling of the energy transfer during scrap melting in microwave
furnace
SO MODTECH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE - MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING VIII
SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering
LA English
CT 8th International Conference on Modern Technologies in Industrial
Engineering VIII (ModTech)
CY JUN 23-27, 2020
CL ELECTR NETWORK
AB Efficient recovery and processing of metal waste is a priority for today's
economy. Several technologies are dealing with the recovery of metals through
furnace melting but the extraction efficiencies are rather low. The paper studies
the influence of heat transfer, produced by the action of microwaves, on the
melting of metal waste batch. Correlation equations of the heat flux transmitted
through the crucibles inside the oven were calculated by means of MATLAB modeling.
Specific dimensions for the furnace enclosure were used in the paper. The
simulation results were than compared to the experimental findings, to verify the
model. The experimental stage consisted in the melting of aluminum and copper waste
in the microwave installation, at laboratory level, and at the optimized parameters
of the system.
C1 [Mitrica, D.; Serban, B. A.; Burada, M.; Banica, C., I] Natl R&D Inst Nonferrous
& Rare Met IMNR, Adv & Nanostruct Mat Lab, 102 Biruintei Blvd, Pantelimon, Ilfov,
Romania.
[Olaru, M.] Natl R&D Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR, Ctr HighPTMet, 102
Biruintei Blvd, Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania.
[Dumitrescu, D.] Natl R&D Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR, Met Resource
Valorisat Technol Lab, 102 Biruintei Blvd, Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania.
RP Mitrica, D (corresponding author), Natl R&D Inst Nonferrous & Rare Met IMNR, Adv
& Nanostruct Mat Lab, 102 Biruintei Blvd, Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania.
EM dmitrica@imnr.ro
RI Mitrica, Dumitru/ABE-9899-2020; Serban, Beatrice Adriana/AAE-5034-2022;
Olaru, Mihai Tudor/AAJ-8639-2021; Badea, Cristina/AAD-3028-2021;
Mitrica, Dumitru/AAH-6249-2019
OI Mitrica, Dumitru/0000-0001-8306-9246; Badea,
Cristina/0000-0002-1227-8582; Burada, Marian/0000-0001-9201-5565
FU European Regional Development Fund through the Competitiveness
Operational Program 2014-2020 [POC-A.1-A1.2.3-G-2015, 13_40_397,
17/01.09.2016]; Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI
UEFISCDI within PNCDI III [20PCCDI/2018]
FX The researches presented in this article were funded through the project
POC-A.1-A1.2.3-G-2015/ID: 13_40_397/Contract 17/01.09.2016, project co
-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the
Competitiveness Operational Program 2014-2020 and by the Romanian
Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI UEFISCDI, project nr:
20PCCDI/2018, within PNCDI III.
CR [Anonymous], 2007, FUNDAMENTALS HEAT MA
Appleton TJ, 2005, APPL ENERG, V81, P85, DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.07.002
Chandrasekaran S, 2011, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V211, P482, DOI
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.11.001
CHURCHILL SW, 1975, INT J HEAT MASS TRAN, V18, P1323, DOI [10.1016/0017-
9310(75)90243-4, 10.1016/0017-9310(75)90222-7]
Das S, 2009, B MATER SCI, V32, P1, DOI 10.1007/s12034-009-0001-4
Gupta M., 2007, Microwaves and metals
Serban B. A., 2020, B TRANSILVANIC U B 1, V12, P47
Yunus C. A., 2002, HEAT TRANSFER PRACTI, P477
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1757-8981
J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI
PY 2020
VL 916
AR 012068
DI 10.1088/1757-899X/916/1/012068
PG 12
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management
Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science
GA BQ9KR
UT WOS:000625330000068
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Palimaka, P
AF Palimaka, P.
TI Thermal Cleaning and Melting of Fine Aluminium Alloy Chips
SO ARCHIVES OF FOUNDRY ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental protection; Aluminium recycling; Aluminium chips;
Turnings; Melting of aluminium scrap
ID EXTRUSION; POWDER
AB Production waste is one of the major sources of aluminium for recycling.
Depending on the waste sources, it can be directly melted in furnaces, pre-cleaned
and then melted, or due to the small size of the material (powder or dust) left
without remelting. The latter form of waste includes chips formed during mechanical
cutting (sawing) of aluminium and its alloys. In this study, this type of chips
(with the dimensions not exceeding 1 mm) were melted. The obtained results of
laboratory tests have indicated that even chips of such small sizes pressed into
cylindrical compacts can be remelted. The high recovery yield (up to 94 %) and
degree of metal coalescence (up to 100 %) were achieved via thermal removal of
impurities under controlled conditions of a gas atmosphere (argon or/and air),
followed with consolidation of chips at a pressure of minimum 170 MPa and melting
at 750 degrees C with NaCl-KCl-Na3AlF6 salt flux.
C1 [Palimaka, P.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Nonferrous Met, Al A Mickiewicza 30,
PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
C3 AGH University of Krakow
RP Palimaka, P (corresponding author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Nonferrous Met,
Al A Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
EM palimaka@agh.edu.pl
FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [16.16.180.006]
FX The financial support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher
Education contract No. 16.16.180.006 is gratefully acknowledged.
CR Abd El Aal MI, 2019, MATER RES EXPRESS, V6, DOI 10.1088/2053-1591/aaf6e7
Chiba R, 2015, J MANUF PROCESS, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.jmapro.2014.10.002
Chiba R, 2011, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V211, P1878, DOI
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.06.010
da Costa CE, 2003, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V143, P138, DOI 10.1016/S0924-
0136(03)00394-7
Gronostajski JZ, 1998, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V77, P37, DOI 10.1016/S0924-
0136(97)00390-7
Haase M, 2015, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V217, P356, DOI
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.11.028
Kondej D., 2006, BEZPIECZENSTWO PRACY, V10, P12
Leitner M, 2017, METALL MATER TRANS A, V48A, P3036, DOI 10.1007/s11661-017-4053-
6
Rojas-Díaz LM, 2020, POWDER TECHNOL, V360, P301, DOI
10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.028
Tahmasbi K, 2018, J MANUF PROCESS, V32, P151, DOI 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.02.008
Wan BB, 2017, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V125, P37, DOI
10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.06.004
Zhang TL, 2011, MATER DESIGN, V32, P2742, DOI 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.012
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES
PI WARSZAWA
PA PL DEFILAD 1, WARSZAWA, 00-901, POLAND
SN 1897-3310
EI 2299-2944
J9 ARCH FOUNDRY ENG
JI ARCH. FOUNDRY ENG.
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 4
BP 91
EP 96
DI 10.24425/afe.2020.133353
PG 6
GA PN7FA
UT WOS:000604639700013
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Juniarsih, A
Oediyani, S
Zain, AP
AF Juniarsih, A.
Oediyani, S.
Zain, A. P.
BE Prasetyo, E
TI The effect of flux's towards Mg reduction from aluminium beverage cans
SO 2ND MINERAL PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering
LA English
CT 2nd Mineral Processing and Technology International Conference
(MINIPROCET)
CY NOV 01, 2018
CL Serpong, INDONESIA
AB Aluminium beverage cans scrap recycling is expected to fulfil aluminium needs in
Indonesia, reduce production cost, and pollution generated. Fluxing is one of the
methods that can be used to reduce impurities in aluminium alloys such as
magnesium, flux also can protect molten metal reacted with oxygen. In this
research, aluminium beverage cans scrap used to consist of carbonated, isotonic,
and refreshing beverage cans and NaCl+KCl as flux. The holding time of salt fluxing
process was 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes and 5, 10 and 15% variation of flux mass
from total scrap mass. Ingot from the recycling process tested to know the
percentages of Mg reduction and acquisition of Al using XRF analysis and
metallographic. The result showed that the highest percentage of Mg reduction was
77.83% on the addition of the sample of 15% flux for holding time 120 minutes, but
Al reached 97.49% for holding time 240 minutes on same flux. On the addition of
10%, flux for holding time 180 minutes was reached 98.82% for yield, 71.84% for
recovery, and recycling efficiency 70.53%.
C1 [Juniarsih, A.; Oediyani, S.; Zain, A. P.] Univ Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Met
Engn, Cilegon, Indonesia.
C3 Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
RP Juniarsih, A (corresponding author), Univ Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Met Engn,
Cilegon, Indonesia.
EM andinnie@untirta.ac.id
RI Juniarsih, Andinnie/GNP-8530-2022; OEDIYANI, SOESAPTRI/GPX-0379-2022
FU PT. Krakatau Steel
FX Authors are wishing to acknowledge to PT. Krakatau Steel by support in
the conducting of the study.
CR [Anonymous], 2011, US BEV CONT SCRAP VE
[Anonymous], 2004, ASM METALS HDB, V9
[Anonymous], 2004, ASM METALS HDB, V2
Boin U M J, 2005, MELTING STANDARDIZED
Eric W, 1994, TALAT TRAIN AL APPL
Estefano A V, 2012, USE CHLORINE REMOVE
George E T, 2003, HDB ALUMINIUM, V1
Gilstad G, 2013, LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMEN
Gokhan O, 2013, EFFECTS PROCES PARAM
Kiffaya A A, 2008, RECYCLING ALUMINIUM
Lifeng Z, 2011, REMOVAL IMPURITY ELE
Mahmoud A R, 2003, PREPARATION ALUMINIU
Michael B, 2015, FUSED REFINING FLUXE
Qomarsono, 2014, PROSPEK PT INALUM PA
Ron C, 1994, TALAT TRAIN AL APPL
Tsunekawa M, 2005, RESOURCE P, V52, P32
Utigard TA, 2001, PROPERTIES FLUXES US
Yulin L, 2016, EFFECT MN FE FORMATI
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1757-8981
J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI
PY 2019
VL 478
AR 012006
DI 10.1088/1757-899X/478/1/012006
PG 7
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA BM3RX
UT WOS:000462609300006
OA gold
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Kevorkijan, V
AF Kevorkijan, Varuzan
BE Chesonis, C
TI Isothermal Hot Pressing of Skimmed Aluminium Dross: Influence of the
Main Processing Parameters on In-House Molten-Metal Recovery
LA English
CT Light Metals Symposium at the 148th TMS Annual Meeting
CY MAR 10-12, 2019
CL San Antonio, TX
DE Aluminium dross; Recovery; In-house; Hot pressing; Isothermal
AB The isothermal hot pressing (IHP) of skimmed aluminium dross, considered in this
study, was performed under laboratory conditions using a cylindrical pressing model
made from high-temperature stainless steel. The pressing model was inserted into an
electrical furnace with a protective argon atmosphere. The temperature of the
pressing was within the interval 650-900 degrees C, while the applied pressure
varied between 5 and 50 bars. The laboratory results showed that when using IHP it
is possible to reduce the remaining aluminium content in "pressed dross skulls"
below 10%.
C1 [Kevorkijan, Varuzan] Impol Aluminium Ind, Partizanska 38, Slovenska Bistrica
2310, Slovenia.
RP Kevorkijan, V (corresponding author), Impol Aluminium Ind, Partizanska 38,
Slovenska Bistrica 2310, Slovenia.
EM varuzan.kevorkijan@impol.si
CR Asthana R, 1988, SOLIDIFICATION PROCE, P137
Freti S, 1982, LIGHT METALS AGE, V40, P14
Kevorkijan V, 2012, JOM, V65, P284
Markus ES, 2014, ALUMINUM RECYCLING
Peel AM, 2010, MATER SCI FORUM, V630, P53
ROTH DJ, 1995, LIGHT METALS 1995, P815
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-030-05864-7; 978-3-030-05863-0
PY 2019
BP 1389
EP 1392
DI 10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_173
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BP1JM
UT WOS:000539491300172
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Celik, OH
Yücel, O
Morcali, H
AF Celik, Osman Halil
Yucel, Onuralp
Morcali, Hakan
BE Hwang, JY
Jiang, T
Kennedy, MW
Gregurek, D
Wang, S
Zhao, B
Yucel, O
Keskinkilic, E
Downey, JP
Peng, Z
Padilla, R
TI Recovery of Aluminium and Its Compounds with Hydro and Pyrometalurgical
Methods from Non-metallic Residue
SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE METALLURGICAL PROCESSING
LA English
CT 9th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing
CY 2018
CL Phoenix, AZ
DE Aluminium black dross; Non-metallic residue; NMR; Recycling
AB In this study, some experiments were performed for the dimensional control, pre-
treatment, getting salt, metallic aluminum and aluminum oxide into the solution of
15 kg aluminum black dross obtained from a private company which recycles aluminium
drosses. Water leaching experiments are done for removing salts and aluminum
nitride. Temperature stirring speed, solid-liquid rate are investigated while water
leaching experiments. Removing of AlN is provided at 25 degrees C at a rate of
42.48%, at 80 degrees C at a rate of 86.4%. Leaching experiments performed with
NaOH. NaOH concentration and time was analyzed. Efficiency of including metallic
aluminum into the solution is determined to be 98% approximately. Melting (fusion)
experiments were performed with NaOH at high temperatures to include aluminum oxide
in the structure of the remaining after dissolving process into the solution and
after dissolving the resulting structures in water, efficiency of including
aluminum into the solution is determined to be 85%.
C1 [Celik, Osman Halil; Yucel, Onuralp; Morcali, Hakan] ITU, Kimya Met Fak, Met &
Mat Dept, ITU Ayazaga Kampusu, Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Celik, OH (corresponding author), ITU, Kimya Met Fak, Met & Mat Dept, ITU
Ayazaga Kampusu, Istanbul, Turkey.
EM celikos@itu.edu.tr; yucel@itu.edu.tr
RI Yücel, Onuralp/ABB-3025-2020
OI Yücel, Onuralp/0000-0002-3879-0410
CR Car E, 2011, ALUMINYUM URETIM SUR
Das S, 2004, REPORT
Lorber KE, 2010, J MIN METALL, P25
Mukhopadhyay J, 2005, LIGHT METALS 2005, V1212
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-319-72138-5; 978-3-319-72137-8
PY 2018
BP 199
EP 207
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-72138-5_20
PG 9
Engineering
GA BL5BM
UT WOS:000451214300020
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Dittrich, R
Friedrich, B
Rombach, G
Steglich, J
Pichat, A
AF Dittrich, R.
Friedrich, B.
Rombach, G.
Steglich, J.
Pichat, A.
BE Ratvik, AP
TI Understanding of Interactions Between Pyrolysis Gases and Liquid
Aluminum and Their Impact on Dross Formation
LA English
CT 146th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition / Conference on Light Metals
CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2017
CL San Diego, CA
DE Pyrolysis gases; Gas injection; Dross formation
AB Organic contaminated aluminum scraps have to be recycled in an economical,
effective and ecological way. It is state of the art to remove organic coatings by
thermal pre-treatment under reduced oxygen atmosphere, which can be achieved in
multi chamber furnaces. If the organic coating is not removed completely during
pre-treatment, gasification can continue while the scrap is submerged into the
melt. Subsequently, undesirable gas-melt reactions cause an increase of dross
formation and a decrease of metal recovery. This work aims to improve the
understanding of interactions between pyrolysis gases and liquid aluminum as a
scientific basis to reduce oxidation losses. Experiments were performed in a lab-
scale furnace with injection of synthetic pyrolysis gases (CO2, CO, CxHy) into
molten aluminum. Thermochemical calculations, off-gas and dross structure analysis
were performed to support the evaluation of the experimental findings. The paper
presents qualitative and quantitative results about the impact of reactive gases on
oxidation of aluminum melts and finally derives a mechanism model.
C1 [Dittrich, R.; Friedrich, B.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME Inst Proc Met & Met
Recycling, Intzestr 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
[Rombach, G.] Hydro Aluminium Rolled Prod GmbH, Georg Von Boeselager Str 21, D-
53117 Bonn, Germany.
[Steglich, J.] TRIMET Aluminium SE, Aluminiumallee 1, D-45356 Essen, Germany.
[Pichat, A.] Constellium Technol Ctr, Parc Econ Cent P,CS 1002738341, Voreppe,
France.
RP Dittrich, R (corresponding author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IME Inst Proc Met &
Met Recycling, Intzestr 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
EM RDittrich@ime-aachen.de
RI Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7029-2021; Friedrich, Bernd/AAM-7005-2021
OI Friedrich, Bernd/0000-0002-2934-2034;
FU Aleris Rolled Products Germany GmbH; Constellium; Hydro Aluminium Rolled
Products GmbH; Trimet Aluminium SE
FX The research leading to these results has been carried out within the
framework of the AMAP (Advanced Metals And Processes) research cluster
at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. The authors like to thank Aleris
Rolled Products Germany GmbH, Constellium, Hydro Aluminium Rolled
Products GmbH and Trimet Aluminium SE for financial support.
Furthermore, the Master Thesis of student Felix Pleuger is gratefully
acknowledged.
CR [Anonymous], FACTSAGE
BERGSMARK E, 1989, MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT, V120, P91, DOI 10.1016/0921-
5093(89)90723-5
Bonner S., 2013, LIGHT MET, V993-997
Brenzinsky K., 1998, J PHYS CHEM A, V102, P8614
Jaroni B., 2014, THESIS
Kvithyls A., 2003, LIGHT MET, V1091-1095
Levchik SV, 2004, POLYM INT, V53, P1901, DOI 10.1002/pi.1473
Serban M, 2003, ENERG FUEL, V17, P705, DOI 10.1021/ef020271q
Steglich J., 2015, EUR ALUMINIUM C
Thiele W., 1962, ALUMINIUM, P707
Thomas CL, 1939, IND ENG CHEM, V31, P1090, DOI 10.1021/ie50357a007
Wang MH, 2007, ENERG CONVERS MANAGE, V48, P819, DOI
10.1016/j.enconman.2006.09.008
Wigthman G., 1983, METALL T B, V14, P625
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PI CHAM
SN 2367-1181
BN 978-3-319-51541-0; 978-3-319-51540-3
PY 2017
BP 1457
EP 1464
DI 10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_174
PG 8
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science
GA BI1XU
UT WOS:000407106200174
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Kristoffersen, LJ
Kvithyld, A
Nordmark, A
Johansson, AU
Sæter, JA
Engh, TA
AF Kristoffersen, Lill June
Kvithyld, Anne
Nordmark, Arne
Johansson, Anders U.
Saeter, Jan-Anders
Engh, Thorvald Abel
BE Marthinsen, K
Holmedal, B
Li, Y
TI Study of Metal Quality and Melt Yield from Remelts of (i) Turnings
AA3005 and (ii) Coil AA3003
SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 2014 - ICAA14
LA English
CT 14th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA)
CY JUN 15-19, 2014
CL Trondheim, NORWAY
DE Recycling; Aluminum; Metal Quality; Bifilm Index (RPT); Melt Yield
AB It is important for aluminum producers to predict metal quality and melt yield
when scrap is remelted. Therefore, these parameters are studied in individual
remelt experiments with (i) Turnings AA3005 and (ii) Coil AA3003 as scrap, as a
function of percent added scrap up to 33 %. To ensure same melting conditions the
scrap is melted in crucibles inside a Morgan resistance furnace, measuring
temperature and hydrogen. Bifilm index is used as a measure of metal quality. The
results indicate that the addition of scrap (up to 33 %) does not alter metal
quality. Melt yield is however affected, with a metal recovery of around 90 % for
the different types of scrap.
C1 [Kristoffersen, Lill June; Saeter, Jan-Anders] Alcoa Mosjoen, N-8655 Mosjoen,
Norway.
[Kvithyld, Anne; Nordmark, Arne; Engh, Thorvald Abel] SINTEF Mat & Chem, N-7465
Trondheim, Norway.
[Johansson, Anders U.] Granges Sweden AB, Finspang, Finspang, Sweden.
C3 SINTEF
RP Kristoffersen, LJ (corresponding author), Alcoa Mosjoen, N-8655 Mosjoen, Norway.
EM lilljune@alumni.ntnu.no; anne.kvithyld@sintef.no;
arne.nordmark@sintef.no; anders.u.johansson@granges.com;
jananders.saeter@alcoa.com; thorvald.engh@nt.ntnu.no
FU BIA Quality Aluminum Cast House (QuAlity) [219940/030]; RCN
FX This research was carried out as part of the Research Council of Norway
(RCN) funded BIA Project No. 219940/030 Quality Aluminum Cast House
(QuAlity). The project includes the partners: Alcoa Norway ANS, Granges
Sweden AB, Hydro Aluminium AS, and SINTEF. Funding by the industrial
partners and RCN is gratefully acknowledged.
CR Dispinar D, 2004, INT J CAST METAL RES, V17, P287, DOI
10.1179/136404604225020704
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.03.007
ROSSEL H, 1990, LIGHT METALS 1990, P721
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03835-120-7
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2014
VL 794-796
BP 1083
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.794-796.1083
PG 2
Engineering
GA BC0BS
UT WOS:000348897900179
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Puga, H
Barbosa, J
Ribeiro, CS
AF Puga, Helder
Barbosa, Joaquim
Ribeiro, Carlos Silva
BE Pinto, AMP
Pouzada, AS
TI Factors Affecting the Metal Recovery Yield During Induction Melting of
Aluminium Swarf
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM VI, PTS 1 AND 2
LA English
CT 6th International Materials Symposium (MATERIALS 2011)/15th Meeting of
SPM
CY APR 18-20, 2011
CL Univ Minho, Guimaraes, PORTUGAL
HO Univ Minho
DE Aluminium swarf; Recycling; Melting; Environment
ID ALLOY; COMPOSITE; SCRAP; STATE
AB Machining operations of cast parts usually generate considerable amounts of
waste in the form of chips (usually 3-5% of the casting weight). Traditionally,
swarf is sold to scrapers and remelters, but this option is quite expensive because
the selling price is roughly 30% of the acquisition price of the commercial 2nd
melt raw material. For most aluminium foundries that incorporate machining
operations in their products, reusing aluminium chips as raw material for the
melting stocks is perhaps the best option as waste management policy in what
concerns to economical and technical aspects. Nevertheless, aluminium swarf is a
low density product (0.25 kg/dm(3)) and is usually covered by a thin film of
aluminium oxide and machining fluid. Melting such a product without suitable
previous preparation leads to very low metal recovery rates, high energy
consumption, gases and smoke generation and very low quality of the final product.
During the last years, the authors have developed a high efficient and
environmentally friend aluminium swarf recycling technique, using direct
incorporation in aluminium melts. The influence of processing parameters, namely
melt temperature and holding time, melting atmosphere, swarf briquetting pressure
and melting charge composition in the metal recovery yield and dross generation was
studied and characterized, and the optimal processing parameters were established.
The microstructure of the final product obtained in those conditions was evaluated
and is also presented.
It is shown that the recycling efficiency depends on the swarf conditioning, the
melting technique and the melt treatment methodology. Swarf moisture reduction,
induction melting under protective atmosphere and a specially developed degassing
technique were found the most important factors influencing the recycling process.
By using the developed technique, cast ingots with microstructure and sanity
similar to commercially available AlSi12Cu1 2nd melt raw material were successfully
obtained with minimal dross formation and metal recovery rates around 90%, without
using traditional salts and fluxes.
C1 [Puga, Helder; Barbosa, Joaquim] Univ Minho, Ctr Mech & Mat Technol CT2M, P-
[Ribeiro, Carlos Silva] FEUP, Dept Engn Met & Mat, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
C3 Universidade do Minho; Universidade do Porto
RP Puga, H (corresponding author), Univ Minho, Ctr Mech & Mat Technol CT2M, P-
EM puga@dem.uminho.pt; kim@dem.uminho.pt; sribeiro@fe.up.pt
RI Barbosa, Joaquim/H-6980-2013; Puga, Hélder/A-5450-2013
OI Barbosa, Joaquim/0000-0002-7828-2912; Puga, Hélder/0000-0002-1121-6793;
Silva Ribeiro, Carlos A./0000-0003-3074-8549
CR Chino Y, 2005, MATER TRANS, V46, P2592, DOI 10.2320/matertrans.46.2592
Fogagnolo JB, 2003, J MATER PROCESS TECH, V143, P792, DOI [10.1016/S0924-
0136(03)00380-7, 10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00380-7]
Gatti JB, 2008, INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS, V13, P219, DOI 10.1065/lca2006.12.370
Hussain LB, 2007, MATER MANUF PROCESS, V22, P916, DOI 10.1080/10426910701451796
Puga H, 2009, MATER LETT, V63, P806, DOI 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.01.009
0136(03)00585-5
Uscinowicz R, 2008, MATER SCI+, V44, P283, DOI 10.1007/s11003-008-9069-z
10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.10.001
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 19
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2013
VL 730-732
BP 781
EP +
PG 2
GA BDX70
UT WOS:000315545200129
OA Green Submitted
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Liu, SL
Zhang, XF
AF Liu, Songli
Zhang, Xuefeng
BE Chen, S
Liu, ZT
Zeng, QZ
TI Experimental Study on Extracting Scandium from HCl Leachate of Chloride
Dust
SO ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH II, PTS 1-3
SE Advanced Materials Research
LA English
CT 2nd International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Advanced
Materials (CEAM 2012)
CY JUL 13-15, 2012
CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE scandium; the orthogonal experiment; extracting; chloride dust
AB Solvent extraction experiment of Sc was investigated. The extraction system
consisted of 25% TBP+60% sulfonated kerosene +15% reforming agents. The results
show that the extraction rates of Sc can reach up to 95%. The removing of Fe, Mn
and Ti can be reached 99.1%, 99.4% and 99.5% respectively. The anti-extraction
rates from organic phase with NaOH reach up to 99.7 % with effective separation
from Fe, Mn and Ti.
Scandium oxide is a rare of the rare earth oxides, Which is widely used in both
cutting-edge scientific areas([1-7]) such as defense, aerospace, nuclear
technology, laser, superconductor and industry,everyday life. At present, the
development and application on Scandium are scandium aluminum alloy, the
manufacturing of solid oxide fuel cell and Sc-sodium lamps, its demand will
increase sharply and rise prices, scandium has become one of the most precious of
metals.
Panzhihua vanadium-titanium magnetite is a symbiosis of polymetallic deposit,
which also contains about 250,000 tons scandium. In existing mineral-smelting
processes on vanadium-titanium magnetite, scandium-major enrichment are titanium
concentrates, processing titanium tailings, blast furnace slag, high-titanium slag
of furnace, chloride dust,waste molten chloride melts and waste acid by sulfuric
acid process of titanium dioxide. Chloride dust is a containing scandium dust by
condensation device from boiling chloride of high titanium slag, its main form is
ScCl3, which contains highest scandium volume, using water or dilute acid leaching
can transfer scandium to solution for the recovery. Currently, as the industrial
development such as sponge titanium and chloride titanium dioxide, chloride dust
resources are adequate, which can provide adequate of extracting scandium raw
materials. Therefore, extracting scandium from chloride dust has good development
prospects. With HCl leachate of chloride dust as raw material, extraction
technology conditions of the scandium were systematic studied, the optimum
extraction conditions of scandium have been received, coarse grade of scandium
oxide has reached 95%, the results are of great practical significance on the
rational use of scandium resources.
C1 [Liu, Songli; Zhang, Xuefeng] Panzhihua Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Coll, Panzhihua
617000, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
C3 Panzhihua University
RP Liu, SL (corresponding author), Panzhihua Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Coll, Panzhihua
617000, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
EM pzhlsll@163.com; wzyzxf@126.com
CR Mao, 2006, INORG CHEM IND, V38, P51
[王克勤 WANG Keqin], 2008, [轻金属, Light Metals], P16
Zhang Guifang, 2007, NONFERROUS METAL, P10
Zhang Guifang, 2007, CHINA MINING, V16, P66
Zhang Zhongbao, 2006, YUNNAN METALLURGY, V35, P23
Zhang Zonghua, 2006, TOMBARTHITE, V27, P33
Zhang Zonghua, 2006, MINERALS INTEGRATED, P36
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 13
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 1022-6680
BN 978-3-03785-456-3
J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ
PY 2012
VL 554-556
BP 2054
EP 2057
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.554-556.2054
PG 4
WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
GA BFC29
UT WOS:000319169701128
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Chen, TM
Yang, SB
Zhao, KW
Wang, XH
Zeng, JH
Chen, Y
Chen, L
Pan, H
AF Chen Tian-ming
Yang Su-bo
Zhao Ke-wen
Wang Xin-hua
Zeng Jian-hua
Chen Yong
Chen Liang
Pan Hong
TI Development of Ultra-Low Oxygen Automobile Gear Steel
LA English
DT Article
DE automobile gear steel; converter; bloom continuous casting; deoxidizing;
composition of ladle slag
ID ALUMINUM; SLAG
AB In view of process conditions of Vanadium Recovery and Steelmaking Plant, Pan
Gang Group Panzhihua steel and Vanadium Co.,Ltd., and on the basis of making choice
of a reasonable deoxidization process, some measures have been taken to the
development of automobile gear steel (20CrMoH) such as the pre-refining technology
during converter tapping, "white slag" refining in LF, RH Vacuum treatment, and
even protective casting technology. Also different and suitable models of argon
blowing from bottom of ladle were adopted in the platform after converter, LF
refining and calcium treatment. Test results show that the high cleanness 20CrMoH
gear steel slab with T[O] <= 15x10(-6)(The average T[O] is 11.8x10(-6)) could be
obtained through all these measures.
C1 [Chen Tian-ming; Yang Su-bo; Zhao Ke-wen; Zeng Jian-hua; Chen Yong; Chen Liang;
Pan Hong] PanGang Grp Res Inst Co Ltd, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Zhao Ke-wen; Wang Xin-hua] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Met & Ecol Engn Sch,
RP Chen, TM (corresponding author), PanGang Grp Res Inst Co Ltd, Chengdu 611731,
Sichuan, Peoples R China.
RI Wang, Xin/JCE-2009-2023; Wang, Xin/AAN-8435-2021
OI Wang, Xin/0000-0002-4457-7376; Wang, Xin/0000-0002-4457-7376
CR NORDBERG H, 1981, ISIJ INT, V44, P195
Okuyama G, 2000, ISIJ INT, V40, P121, DOI 10.2355/isijinternational.40.121
SEO JD, 1999 STEELMAKING CON, P455
Todoroki H, 2004, ISIJ INT, V44, P1350, DOI 10.2355/isijinternational.44.1350
WANG XH, 2006, CLEAN STEEL PRODUCTI, P23
ZHANG J, 1993, THEORY PRACTICE SECO, P144
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 7
PU JOURNAL IRON STEEL RESEARCH EDITORIAL BOARD
PI BEIJING
PA NO. 76 XUEYUAN SOUTH-ROAD, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-706X
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 18
SU 2
BP 406
EP 410
PG 5
GA 820VF
UT WOS:000294933500062
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Ferreira, MC
Acchar, W
Segadaes, AM
Mello-Castanho, S
AF Ferreira, M. C.
Acchar, W.
Segadaes, A. M.
Mello-Castanho, S.
BE Marques, AT
Silva, AF
Baptista, APM
Sa, C
Alves, FJLA
Malheiros, LF
Vieira, M
TI Second-Generation Aluminium Extraction Residue used as Devitrification
Aid for Glass-Ceramics
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM IV
LA English
CT 13th Conference of the Sociedade-Portuguesa-de-Materiais/4th
International Materials Symposium
CY APR 01-04, 2007
CL Oporto, PORTUGAL
DE recycling; glass ceramics; ceramic processing; industrial waste
ID SOLID-WASTE; CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; GROWTH
AB Brazil has one of the world's most important Bauxite deposits, the raw material
for the aluminium extraction metallurgy. This work is focused on finding a suitable
application for the white dross residue (WDR), a second-generation waste material
produced during the metal recovery from the slag left after the primary extraction
of aluminium from the ore. A commercial lime-silica based glass frit was used, to
which WDR additions were made (up to 30 wt.%), aimed at studying the
devitrification process of the glasses produced. Such mixtures were melted at
temperatures varying from 1100 to 1500 degrees C and the resulting fritted glasses
were heat treated at 900 degrees C. The starting materials and the mixtures thereof
were characterized before and after thermal treatment by differential thermal
analysis, X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The
results obtained showed that the WDR is easily incorporated into the glass matrix
and causes easy devitrification after short heat treatment periods at low
temperature.
C1 [Ferreira, M. C.; Mello-Castanho, S.] IPEN CNEN SP, CCTM, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo,
Brazil.
[Acchar, W.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys, BR-59072970 Natal, RN,
Brazil.
[Segadaes, A. M.] Univ Aveiro, CICECO, Dept Ceram & Glass Eng, P-3810193 Aveiro,
Portugal.
C3 Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN); Instituto de Pesquisas
Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Norte; Universidade de Aveiro
RP Ferreira, MC (corresponding author), IPEN CNEN SP, CCTM, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo,
Brazil.
EM acchar@dfte.ufrn.br; segadaes@ua.pt; srmello@ipen.br
RI Mello-Castanho, Sonia R.H./K-5306-2013; Segadães, Ana/E-4499-2013;
Acchar, Wilson/O-6708-2018
OI Mello-Castanho, Sonia R.H./0000-0002-0155-9100; Segadães,
Ana/0000-0001-6465-620X; Acchar, Wilson/0000-0002-5585-1799
FU FAPESP/SP (The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation); CNPq (National
Council for Scientific and Technological Development)
FX The authors would like to thank FAPESP/SP (The State of Sao Paulo
Research Foundation) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and
Technological Development) for financial support.
CR Barbieri L, 1999, FUEL, V78, P271, DOI 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00134-3
BOCCACCINI AR, 1995, CERAM INT, V21, P231, DOI 10.1016/0272-8842(95)99787-C
Duan RG, 1998, MATER RES BULL, V33, P1143, DOI 10.1016/S0025-5408(98)00105-6
Karamanov A, 2003, J EUR CERAM SOC, V23, P827, DOI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00210-8
Pannhorst W, 1997, J NON-CRYST SOLIDS, V219, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0022-
3093(97)00270-6
PEREZ MR, 1996, B SOC ESP CER 5, V35, P127
Rincon JM, 1998, MATER RES BULL, V33, P1159, DOI 10.1016/S0025-5408(98)00109-3
Romero M, 2000, J NON-CRYST SOLIDS, V271, P106, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00082-
X
Roskosz M, 2005, J NON-CRYST SOLIDS, V351, P1266, DOI
10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.02.021
Tanaka M, 2004, J CERAM SOC JPN, V112, P655, DOI 10.2109/jcersj.112.655
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2008
VL 587-588
BP 773
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
GA BII83
UT WOS:000259898200152
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Lekakh, S
Robertson, DGC
Rimoshevsky, V
Tribyshevsky, L
Tribyshevsky, B
AF Lekakh, S.
Robertson, D. G. C.
Rimoshevsky, V.
Tribyshevsky, L.
Tribyshevsky, B.
BE DeYoung, DH
TI Dynamic processes for recycling of low-quality charge materials
SE Light Metals
LA English
CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2008 held at the 137th TMS Annual
Meeting
CY MAR 09-13, 2008
CL New Orleans, LA
DE furnace; melting; aluminum; recycling
AB Melting processes may be classified into two groups - stationary and dynamic. In
stationary processes (e.g. a reverberatory furnace), the pile of solid charge is
more or less fixed in position, and any liquid motion is the result of natural
convection. In dynamic processes there is active motion of the solid charge and
melt inside the furnace caused by mechanical or electromagnetic forces. Each type
of process was analyzed from the point of view of metal recovery and energy
efficiency when charge materials of different metallurgical quality were used. The
stationary processes minimize the oxidation of high quality charge materials
(ingots, large size scrap) while dynamic melting processes have the possibility of
increased metal recovery from low-quality scrap with high specific and oxidized
surface, such as aluminum turnings and dross, with effective separation of melt
from slag by the use of special fluxes. The parameters of melting low quality
charge materials in a dynamic rotary furnace were experimentally studied and
computationally modeled. Technical results will be presented of using 0.5 t rotary
furnace for recycling locally-sourced low-quality aluminum charge materials. The
furnace has been used over a period of several years.
C1 [Lekakh, S.; Robertson, D. G. C.] Univ Missouri, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO
65401 USA.
[Rimoshevsky, V.; Tribyshevsky, L.; Tribyshevsky, B.] Belarusian Natl Tech Univ,
Minsk 22021, BELARUS.
C3 University of Missouri System; Missouri University of Science &
Technology; Belarusian National Technical University
RP Lekakh, S (corresponding author), Univ Missouri, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO
65401 USA.
CR APANASENKO A, 1990, TSVETNYE METALLY, V6, P97
Zhou B, 2007, PROG COMPUT FLUID DY, V7, P195, DOI 10.1504/PCFD.2007.013012
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PI WARRENDALE
SN 0147-0809
BN 978-0-87339-710-0
J9 LIGHT MET
PY 2008
BP 1103
EP +
PG 2
GA BHS67
UT WOS:000255981900185
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Litwinczyk-Kwasnicka, M
AF Litwinczyk-Kwasnicka, Malgorzata
TI Aluminium. The methods of receiving and recovering from the waste
materials
SO GOSPODARKA SUROWCAMI MINERALNYMI-MINERAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
LA Polish
DT Article
DE aluminium; receiving of aluminium; Bayer process; recovery of aluminium
AB Aluminum belongs to the group of non-ferrous metals which he does not occur in
the nature in the native state. The main ore is bauxite, which that is produced the
pure oxide Al2O3, and after electrolysis aluminum to metallurgic. Aluminum and his
alloys from the regard a good physics-chemical and mechanical properties, and also
low density found the use in many present fields of the technique e.g.: the
automotive industry, food, packaging, electronic, electro technical, building and
space.
Primary aluminum is produced from the ore - bauxite. The method which is the
most often applied to production Al2O3 is the Bayer process. However the typical
sources of the secondary aluminium are: circulating scrap, beverage container scrap
(UBC), foils, the industrial scrap, shavings and old rolled and cast metal.
In this aim the recovery process is receipt the cleanest metal, and in first
order you should clean the scrap. On this destination leads processes mechanical
cleaning and also in the case organics coats their thermal removing. The processes
of the refinement the of liquid metal and casting in the production of aluminum
from natural deposits as that as they salvage from secondary sources runs in the
similarly way.
C1 Politecn Czestocjowska, Katedra Ekstrakcji & Recyrkulacji Met, Wydzial
Inzynierii Proc Mat & Fizyki Stosow, Czestochowska, Poland.
C3 Technical University Czestochowa
RP Litwinczyk-Kwasnicka, M (corresponding author), Politecn Czestocjowska, Katedra
Ekstrakcji & Recyrkulacji Met, Wydzial Inzynierii Proc Mat & Fizyki Stosow,
Czestochowska, Poland.
EM litwinczyk@mim.pcz.czest.pl
CR ADAMSKI C, 1998, METALURGIA ODLEWNICT
CHMIELARZ A, 2007, NAJLEPSZE DOSTEPNE T, P49
CHOLEWA M, 2004, PODSTAWY PROCESOW ME, P185
DOBRZANSKI L, 2002, PODSTAWY NAUKI MAT M, P686
DZIUBAK E, 2003, RUDY MET NIEZELA, V9, P426
GRIPENBERG H, 2002, ALUMINIUM, V78, P642
LITWINCZYK M, 2007, MAT TECHNOLOGIE 21 W, P62
OBLAKOWSKI R, 2006, 8 MIED K NAUK TEOR P, P81
ROZPONDEK M, 2007, 15 MIED K NAUK TECHN, P288
SATERNUS M, 2003, IRONMAK STEELMAK, P42
SMORAWINSKI Z, ZROZUMIEC RECYKLING
SUMMER R, 2004, PROCES ALUMONTE NOWA, P666
2006, NAJLEPSZE DOSTEPNE T, P355
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 11
PU POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, MINER & ENERGY ECON RES INST PAS
PI WARSZAWA
PA PL DEFILAD 1, WARSZAWA, 00-901, POLAND
SN 0860-0953
EI 2299-2324
J9 GOSPOD SUROWCAMI MIN
JI Gospod. Surowcami. Miner.
PY 2008
VL 24
IS 3
BP 179
EP 185
PN 3
PG 7
WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 357PP
UT WOS:000259858900017
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Bohé, AE
Nassini, HE
AF Bohe, Ana E.
Nassini, Horacio E.
BE Kongoli, F
Reddy, RG
TI A chlorination process applied to the recovery of alumina and SiC
reinforcement from aluminum-matrix composites
SO SOHN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ADVANCED PROCESSING OF METALS AND
MATERIALS, VOL 5: NEW, IMPROVED AND EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES: IRON AND
STEEL AND RECYCLING AND WASTE TREATMENT
LA English
CT Sohn International Symposium on Advanced Processing of Metals and
Materials
CY AUG 27-31, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE chlorination; recycling; composites
ID ZIRCONIUM RECOVERY; ZIRCALOY SHAVINGS; ALLOYS
AB Chlorination process is an attractive and efficient method for the metal
recovery from complex materials. The process that is performed at high
temperatures, allows converting all the metals contained in the material into their
respective chlorides which are further separated in a selective way.
Aluminum metal matrix composites with discontinuous ceramic reinforcement of
short fibers, whiskers, and particles have been gaining wide acceptance as an
important engineering material in automotive, aerospace, and electronic industries.
Since the ceramic reinforcements are still quite expensive and contribute
significantly to the final cost of composite materials, the feasibility of their
recovery from the manufacturing scrap and further recycling is a factor of
increasing economic interest.
In the present work, a theoretical and experimental study is given for the
recovery of Al2O3 and SiC particles and short fibers from three commercially
available aluminum-matrix composites produced by molten metal mixing route. The
process consists of transforming the constituents of metallic alloy matrices in
gaseous chlorides that are dragged by the gaseous stream, while the ceramic
reinforcement remains as a solid residue in the reaction bed.
C1 [Bohe, Ana E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ave Rivadavia 1917, RA-1430
Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Bohe, Ana E.; Nassini, Horacio E.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche,
RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
[Bohe, Ana E.] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De
Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
C3 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET);
Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA); Centro Atomico Bariloche;
Universidad Nacional del Comahue
RP Bohé, AE (corresponding author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ave Rivadavia
1917, RA-1430 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
FU Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT); Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET);
Universidad Nacional del Comahue
FX Authors wish to acknowledge to Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica
y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas
y Tecnicas (CONICET), and Universidad Nacional del Comahue for the
financial support of this work. Mr. C. Cottaro and Mr. E. Scerbo from
Division Caracterizacion de Materiales (Centro Atomico Bariloche) are
also thanked for SEM examinations, and EDXS analysis and XRD
measurements, respectively.
CR Bohe AE, 1997, MATER SCI TECH SER, V13, P865, DOI 10.1179/mst.1997.13.10.865
Bohe AE, 1996, J MATER SCI, V31, P3469, DOI 10.1007/BF00360750
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2
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NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-638-3
PY 2006
BP 575
EP 587
PG 13
GA BFG85
UT WOS:000241809100054
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU De Micco, G
Alvarez, FJ
Bohé, AE
Pasquevich, DM
AF De Micco, Georgina
Alvarez, Fabiola J.
Bohe, Ana E.
Pasquevich, Daniel M.
BE Kongoli, F
Reddy, RG
TI Chlorination applied to the separation of metals
MATERIALS, VOL 5: NEW, IMPROVED AND EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES: IRON AND
STEEL AND RECYCLING AND WASTE TREATMENT
LA English
Materials
CY AUG 27-31, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE chlorination; alloys; reactivity; separation; metals
ID SPENT CATALYSTS; NICKEL; RECOVERY; COPPER; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; HYDRATE;
ZINC
AB The National Commission of Atomic Energy is investigating a suitable
physicochemical process for the conditioning of spent nuclear fuel and treatment of
the scrap of research reactors of the Al-UxSiy type. A possible way of processing
is through dry chlorination of the cladding with the purpose of selective
separation of the aluminium from the remaining elements such as Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu,
etc. transforming them into volatile chlorides. Some important advantages of this
method are the thermal stability of the chlorides that allow the easy separation of
the halides by physical methods and the low volume of radioactive waste generated.
The interactions in the following systems were studied in the range of temperature
between 150 degrees-500 degrees C: Al-Fe, Al-Ni, Al-Cu, Al-Zn, Cu-Zn and the pure
metals. We found that the reactivity was different depending on if the elements
were alloyed or separated. The separation factors of the systems under study were
determined. Nickel is perfectly separated from aluminium for all temperatures,
whereas good conditions for copper separation were achieved below 400 degrees C. In
the case of iron, complete isolation was never attained. However, by decreasing
temperature to 150 degrees C it is possible to obtain aluminium chloride with less
iron content. The separation of zinc from the product was also difficult. It was
detected that zinc chloride volatilization decreases when other chlorides were
present, for example cooper chlorides. In the Cu-Zn alloy, zinc chlorides remained
in the condensed product due to interactions with copper. The samples were
characterized by scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD) and
atomic absorption.
C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche,
Rio Negro, Argentina.
C3 Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA); Centro Atomico Bariloche
RP De Micco, G (corresponding author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche,
RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
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NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-638-3
PY 2006
BP 403
EP 418
PG 16
GA BFG85
UT WOS:000241809100036
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Topkaya, YA
Geveci, A
Turgay, O
AF Topkaya, Yavuz Ali
Geveci, Ahmet
Turgay, Ogulcan
BE Kongoli, F
Reddy, RG
TI Production of rare earth ferrosilicide alloy
MATERIALS, VOL 4: NEW, IMPROVED AND EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES: NON-FERROUS
MATERIALS EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING
LA English
Materials
CY AUG 27-31, 2006
CL San Diego, CA
DE rare earth ferrosilicide; metallothermic reduction; bastnasite
AB Rare earth ferrosilicide is a versatile alloy mainly used to control the
detrimental effects of sulfur in steel and to modify graphite structures in cast
iron.
The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions to make rare earth
ferrosilicon alloy using a preconcentrate produced from a bastnasite type of ore
present in the Beylikahir-Eskisehir region of Turkey. This concentrate contained
23.5%REO, 41.37% CaF2, 10.69% BaSO4, 8.50% CaCO3, 4.18%Fe2O3, 2.83% Al2O3, 2.74%
SiO2, 1.20% P(2)O(5)and small amount of other oxides.
The initial metallothermic reduction of this concentrate using ferrosilicon and
aluminum in a graphite crucible placed in a muffle furnace gave very low recoveries
due to the difficulties encountered in adjusting the slag composition, temperature
and amount of additives. Therefore, two batches of rare earth oxide concentrate
containing 61.1% and 81.7% cerium oxide, respectively, that were procured from a
Turkish glass producer, were used to optimize with respect to temperature,
duration, slag-making additives and amount of reducers. In these experiments,
smelting and reduction was done in an induction furnace with graphite crucible,
and, ferrosilicon and aluminum were added after melting the charge. As a result,
there was no difficulty in obtaining a rare earth ferrosilicon alloy containing 35-
55% RE, 5-25% Fe and 20-40% Si, with about 80% metal recovery.
When the optimum conditions were applied to the preconcentrate, alloys of
similar compositions were obtained with 70-80% recovery. Experiments were also done
with mixtures of preconcentrate and rich concentrate, and, recoveries as high as
95% were obtained. Only in this case, to increase the recovery, mixtures had to be
charged to the empty graphite crucible after heating the crucible to the required
temperature.
C1 [Topkaya, Yavuz Ali; Geveci, Ahmet; Turgay, Ogulcan] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept
Met & Mat Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
C3 Middle East Technical University
RP Topkaya, YA (corresponding author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-
06531 Ankara, Turkey.
OI TOPKAYA, YAVUZ/0009-0009-3671-3655
CR BOSE DK, 1985, J LESS-COMMON MET, V110, P239, DOI 10.1016/0022-5088(85)90327-3
DA S, 1989, J LESS-COMMON MET, V148, P85
GUPTA CK, 1992, INT MATER REV, V37, P197, DOI 10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197
KILBOURN BT, 1993, KIRKOTHMER ENCY CHEM, V5, P728
MITCHELL A, 1978, Patent No. 4108645
MORRICE E, 1979, Patent No. 4135921
Özbayoglu G, 2000, J ALLOY COMPD, V303, P520, DOI 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)00639-3
SARDZHVELADZE GE, 1989, ZH PRIKL KHIM, V63, P784
WONG MM, 1980, PREPARING RARE EARTH
ZELIKMAN AN, 1966, METALLURGY RARE META
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-637-5
PY 2006
BP 371
EP 383
PG 13
GA BFG84
UT WOS:000241808400034
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Henderson, RS
Neff, DV
Vild, CT
AF Henderson, RS
Neff, DV
Vild, CT
BE Whiteley, PR
TI Recent developments in aluminum scrap melting update
SO ALUMINUM CAST HOUSE TECHNOLOGY
LA English
CT 7th Australian Asian Pacific Conference
CY SEP 23-26, 2001
CL HOBART, AUSTRALIA
AB Awareness of the potential to improve aluminum melting productivity using
various molten metal pumping and stirring technologies has increased significantly
in the past few years. In addition, the need for achieving highest recoveries when
melting scrap, and improving energy efficiency and metal quality have become ever
more serious objectives. Recent advances in improving gas injection technology, and
incorporation of new molten metal centrifugal pumping design using composite
materials have resulted in enhanced performance in many remelters. This development
also has application to closed hearth melters/holders as well. This paper focuses
on these recent developments and is a continuation of information presented in
previous Casthouse Technology Conferences.
C1 Metaull Syst Co LP, Solon, OH 44139 USA.
RP Henderson, RS (corresponding author), Metaull Syst Co LP, 31935 Aurora Rd,
Solon, OH 44139 USA.
CR Flisakowski PJ, 2001, LIGHT MET, P1041
Henderson RS, 2001, LIGHT MET, P1033
HOPKINS L, 1995, P 3 INT S REC MET EN, P31
Neff D. V., 1999, P 6 AUSTR AS PAC CAS, P95
NEFF DV, 1993, P 3 AUSTR AS PAC CAS, P197
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PI WARRENDALE
BN 0-87339-512-3
PY 2001
BP 77
EP 86
PG 4
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings &
Films
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science
GA BT45K
UT WOS:000173047500007
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT C
AU Okazaki, H
Takai, M
Hayashi, N
Uehara, T
Ohzono, T
AF Okazaki, H
Takai, M
Hayashi, N
Uehara, T
Ohzono, T
BE Gaballah, I
Hager, J
Solozabal, R
TI Effect of atmosphere on metal recovery from aluminum dross
SO REWAS'99 GLOBAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING, WASTE TREATMENT AND CLEAN
TECHNOLOGY VOLUME I-III
LA English
CT Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology
CY SEP 05-09, 1999
CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN
AB Several kinds of operations for separating and recovering metal from aluminum
dress generated in a melting furnace are carried out around the world. In Japan,
metal recovery is generally practiced by agitating the hot dress and by grinding
and separating after cooling the residual dress. However, this process causes
exothermic oxidization and extremely harmful fumes because of operating in the air
though the metal is quickly recovered. This results in a significant metal loss and
pollution in the cast house. In this study, the hot dress was agitated and cooled
under an argon atmosphere, then the recovery and the environment were evaluated. As
a result, the oxidization loss of 9.1% was completely reduced.
C1 Sumitomo Light Met Ind Ltd, Minato Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4558670, Japan.
RP Okazaki, H (corresponding author), Sumitomo Light Met Ind Ltd, Minato Ku, 3-1-12
Chitose, Nagoya, Aichi 4558670, Japan.
CR *JAP LIGHT MET ASS, 1998, INV RES REP TREATM R, P11
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PI WARRENDALE
BN 84-923445-6-3
PY 1999
BP 975
EP 984
PG 4
GA BQ57D
UT WOS:000088804300100
DA 2023-12-05
ER
PT J
AU Verma, SK
Babu, KK
AF Verma, SK
Babu, KK
TI Electrolytic Zinc production at Vizag Smelter
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
LA English
DT Article
AB Hindustan Zinc Limited operates 30,000 MTPA capacity Zinc Smelter at
Visakhapatnam. Zinc is produced by hydrometallurgical route. Sulphidic zinc
concentrate is blended and roasted in Fluosolid Roaster to produce calcine (Zinc
Oxide) and SO2 gas which is converted to sulphuric acid by Contact process.
Calcine is leached with return spent acid in two stages - Neutral Leaching and
Acid Leaching. Slurry is thickened for solid - liquid separation. Resulting neutral
overflow solution is subjected to three step purification to get pure zinc sulphate
solution.
Purified neutral solution is electrolysed in conventional Cell House consisting
of 360 cells.
Electrolytic zinc deposits on aluminium cathode sheets, stripping of zinc is
carried out after 24 hours. Zinc cathodes are melted and cast into ingots. Zinc
dress is recycled. Zinc ferrite residue is processed by pyrometallurgical route in
waelz kiln to improve zinc recovery and to produce environmentally inert slag,
cadmium metal and Silver concentrate are recovered. Liquid effluents an treated in
a modern Effluent Treatment plant to remove heavy metals. Gaseous emissions are
controlled.
C1 Hindustan Zin Ltd, Visakhapatnam 530015, Andhra Pradesh, India.
RP Verma, SK (corresponding author), Hindustan Zin Ltd, Visakhapatnam 530015,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU INDIAN INST METALS
PI CALCUTTA
PA METAL HOUSE, PLOT 13/4, BLOCK AQ, SECTOR V, SALT LAKE, CALCUTTA 700 091,
INDIA
SN 0019-493X
J9 T INDIAN I METALS
JI Trans. Indian Inst. Met.
PD OCT
PY 1998
VL 51
IS 5
BP 405
EP 412
PG 8
GA 192NM
UT WOS:000080085300027
DA 2023-12-05
ER
EF

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