3q †kÖwY : weÁvb  30

 G Aa¨v‡q Rvb‡Z cvie

 †iv‡Mi KviY m¤ú‡K©
 my¯’ _vKvi Dcvq m¤ú‡K©
 †ivMRxevYy we¯Ív‡ii cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K©
 kix‡ii cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv m¤ú‡K©
 nvZ †avqv I wbivc` cvwbi e¨envi m¤ú‡K©
 cwi‡e‡ki cwi”QbœZv m¤ú‡K©
 Aa¨vqwUi g~jfve †R‡b wbB
my¯’fv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡liB ¯^v¯’¨wewa †g‡b Pjv DwPZ| wKš‘
Pvicv‡k Qwo‡q _vKv AmsL¨ †ivMRxevYy Avgv‡`i †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i Avgv‡`i
Amy¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB ¯^v¯’¨ myiÿvq kix‡ii wewfbœ A‡½i hZœ wb‡Z n‡e| ¯^v¯’¨
fv‡jv ivL‡Z Nyg †_‡K D‡V nvZ, gyL, †PvL fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡Z n‡e, wbqwgZ `uvZ
gvR‡Z n‡e| Nievwoi †fZi I N‡ii AvwObv cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri
we`¨vjqI cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q †kŠPvMv‡i †h‡Z n‡e| cPv I
evwm Lvevi LvIqv hv‡e bv| GB wbqg¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡j Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq, UvBd‡qW,
RwÛm I wewfbœ Pg©‡ivM †_‡K †invB cvIqv hv‡e|

1| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki| 2) kixi my¯’ ivLvi Rb¨ †KvbwU fv‡jv?

1) kix‡i  cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Avgiv Amy¯’ PK. cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv wekªvg I Nyg
nB| L. K‡Vvi cwikªg
2) ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨  †L‡Z n‡e| M. †ewk K‡i Ilya LvIqv
3) gqjv AveR©bv  ev wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b N. †ewk †ewk Lvevi LvIqv
†dj‡Z n‡e| 3| wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
4) kixi cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ bv ivL‡j 1) Uq‡jU e¨envi Kivi ci †Zvgvi Kx Kiv
Avgv‡`i  n‡e| DwPZ †jL|
DËi : Uq‡jU e¨envi Kivi ci Avgv‡`i
DËi : 1) †ivMRxevYy , 2) mylg Lv`¨, cwi®‹vi cvwb Ges mvevb w`‡q
3) Wv÷web, 4) †ivM| fv‡jvfv‡e nvZ †avqv DwPZ|
2| mwVK DËiwU‡Z (P) wUK wPý `vI| 2) Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ
ivLvi `yBwU Dcvq †jL|
1) †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb DËi : Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi
Af¨vmwU fv‡jv? cwi”Qbœ ivLvi `ywU Dcvq wb‡P †`Iqv
K. †ewk Lvevi LvIqv P L. n‡jv-
wbqwgZ nvZ †avqv K) ivbœvN‡ii AveR©bv, Kjvi †Lvmv
M. †`wi‡Z Nygv‡bvN. †Lvjv Lvevi Ges KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv Wv÷web
A_ev †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b †dj‡Z
LvIqv
n‡e|
 3q †kÖwY : weÁvb  31
L) Uq‡jU cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e DËi : me RvqMvq RxevYy Qwo‡q
Ges Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii ci mvevb I Av‡Q| †hgbÑ †Pqvi, †Uwej, †eÂ, `iRvi
wbivc` cvwb w`‡q nvZ ay‡Z n‡e| nvZj, Uq‡j‡Ui wRwbmcÎ BZ¨vw`‡Z
3) Kxfv‡e nvZ ay‡Z nq eY©bv Ki| †ivMRxevYy _v‡K| GQvovI gkv,
DËi : Lvevi Av‡M, Lvevi ˆZwii Av‡M gvwQ Ges nuvwP Kvwki gva¨‡g
Ges Uq‡jU e¨envi Kivi ci cwi®‹vi †ivMRxevYy Qovq|
wbivc` cvwb Ges mvevb w`‡q nvZ
ay‡Z n‡e| mvevb nv‡Z jvwM‡q nv‡Zi 6) my¯’ _vKvi Rb¨ †Kb cwi”Qbœ
Zvjy I nv‡Zi Dëv wc‡V fv‡jvfv‡e Nl‡Z cwi‡ek cÖ‡qvRb?
n‡e Ges cvwb w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q DËi : Acwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k
†dj‡Z n‡e| †ivMRxevYy Qwo‡q _v‡K| G cwi‡e‡k
4) AmyL †_‡K euvPvi PviwU fv‡jv my¯’‡`nI †ivMRxevYyi Avµg‡Y
Af¨vm †jL| Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ
DËi : AmyL †_‡K fv‡jv _vKvi PviwU _vK‡j †ivMRxevYy mn‡R we¯Ívi jvf
fv‡jv Af¨vm n‡jv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j †ivMRxevYy Qov‡bv
K) Avgv‡`i kixi cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ eÜ _vKvq †`n my¯’ _v‡K| ZvB my¯’
ivL‡Z n‡e| _vKvi Rb¨ cwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡ki weKí
L) Lvevi Av‡M, Lvevi ˆZwii Av‡M †bB|
Ges Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii ci Avgv‡`i nvZ 4| Zxi wPý w`‡q wPθ‡jv hy³ K‡i †`LvI
mvevb Ges wbivc` cvwb w`‡q ay‡Z Kxfv‡e †ivMRxevYy Qovq|
n‡e|
M) cvb Kiv, Lv`¨ ˆZwi Ges †Mvm‡ji
Rb¨ cwi®‹vi Ges wbivc` cvwb
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| DËi :
N) †ivMe¨vwa †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek cwi®‹vi
cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|
5) †Kv_vq †Kv_vq †ivMRxevYy _v‡K?

 mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j  evg cv‡ki As‡ki mv‡_ Wvb cv‡ki
ÔwgÕ †jL| As‡ki wgj Ki :
1) RxevYy Avgv‡`i kix‡i †ivM m„wó K) †ivMRxevYy †`n my¯’ iv‡L|
K‡i| L) Avgv‡`i †`n †ivMRxevYy Qovq|
2) ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvcb †ivM M) mylg Lv`¨ †ivM m„wó K‡i|
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ÿgZv evovq| N) gkv, gvwQ mvevb cvwb‡Z nvZ
3) nuvwP Kvwki gva¨‡g †ivMRxevYy †avqv DwPZ|
Qovq| O) Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii RxevYy aŸsm
4) †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Uq‡jU ci Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivLv DwPZ|
5) †`‡ni †fZi RxevYyi msL¨v e„w× DËi :
†c‡j gvbyl my¯’ _v‡K| K) †ivMRxevYy  †ivM m„wó K‡i|
DËi : 1) m, 2) m, 3) m, 4) m, 5) L) Avgv‡`i †`n  RxevYy aŸsm Ki‡Z
wg| cv‡i|
 3q †kÖwY : weÁvb  32
M) mylg Lv`¨  †`n my¯’ iv‡L| 2)  Lv`¨ †L‡j Avgv‡`i †ivM mv‡i|
N) gkv, gvwQ  †ivMRxevYy Qovq| 3) LvIqvi  `uvZ eªvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
O) Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii ci  mvevb cvwb‡Z 4)  cvwb Avgv‡`i †ivM m„wó Ki‡Z
nvZ †avqv DwPZ|
cv‡i|
 k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki| 5) †Mvm‡ji Rb¨  cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
1)  nvZ gy‡L w`‡j RxevYy †`‡n XyK‡Z DËi : 1) Acwi®‹vi, 2) cywóhy³, 3) ci , 4)
cv‡i| `~wlZ, 5) wbivc`|

 mvaviY 5. nvZ †_‡K †`‡ni †fZ‡i RxevYy

cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i †Kvb gva¨‡g?
¯^v¯’¨ Ges †ivM P
K gyL L cv
1. Avgv‡`i †`‡n †ivM m„wói Rb¨ `vqx M gv_v N Mjv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? Q 6. †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ wb‡Pi
K mylg Lv`¨ L †ivMRxevYy †Kvb KvRwU Kiv AbywPZ?
M bjK‚‡ci cvwb N ch©vß wekªvg Q

2. Avgv‡`i †`‡ni Rb¨ AcKvix KvR wb‡Pi K wbivc` Uq‡jU e¨envi

†KvbwU? S
L QvB w`‡q `uvZ gvRv
M mvevb w`‡q nvZ †avqv
K cwiwgZ e¨vqvg L cÖ‡qvRbxq
N wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv
wekªvg
M ch©vß Nyg N K‡Vvi cwikªg  †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
3. †ivM n‡j Avgv‡`i †Kvb KvRwU Kiv wkLbdj : nvZ †avqvi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
AbywPZ? Q Rvb‡Z cvie|
7. ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ †Zvgvi KLb
K Wv³vi †`Lv‡bv
nvZ †avqv DwPZ?
L wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Ilya LvIqv
P
M cywóhy³ Lv`¨ LvIqv Lvevi Av‡M L †Mvm‡ji Av‡M
K
N wbivc` cvwb cvb Kiv Kv‡Ri Av‡M N Lvevi c‡i
M

†ivM cÖwZ‡iva wkLbdj : AveR©bv I cwiZ¨³ e¯‘ wbw`©ó

4. wb‡Pi †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cwi®‹vi cvwb
wb®cÖ‡qvRb? S
K cvb Kivi Rb¨ L Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨
M †Mvm‡ji Rb¨ N K…wl Kv‡Ri
Rb¨
¯’v‡b †djv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvie|
8. kvnxb Kjv †L‡q Kjvi †Lvmv iv¯Ívq
†djj Ges mygb H Kjvi †Lvmvq cv
wcQ‡j c‡o †Mj| kvnx‡bi Kjvi
†Lvmv †Kv_vq †djv DwPZ wQj? R
K cyKz‡i L gv‡V
M Wv÷we‡b N b`x‡Z

1. †ivM RxevYy Øviv Avgv‡`i Kxfv‡e DËi : `~wlZ cvwb ev Lvev‡ii gva¨‡g,
†ivM nq? gqjv nv‡Z †PvL Nl‡j ev Acwi®‹vi nvZ
 3q †kÖwY : weÁvb  33
gy‡L w`‡j †ivMRxevYy †`‡n XyK‡Z
cv‡i| †`‡ni †fZ‡i †ivM RxevYy hLb
msL¨vq e„w× cvq ZLb Avgv‡`i †ivM
nq|
2. †ivMRxevYy Qwo‡q covi `ywU Dcvq
†jL|
DËi : †ivM RxevYy Qwo‡q covi `ywU
Dcvq n‡jv Ñ
K) nuvwP Kvwki gva¨‡g evZv‡m
RxevYy GK e¨w³ †_‡K Ab¨ e¨w³i
g‡a¨ Qwo‡q c‡o|
L) †cvKv gvKo †hgbÑ gkv, gvwQ
BZ¨vw`I †ivM RxevYy Qovq|
3. kix‡ii hZœ †bIqvi `ywU Dcvq †jL|
DËi : kix‡ii hZœ †bIqvi `ywU Dcvq
n‡jv Ñ
K) LvIqvi ci `uvZ eªvk Kiv|
L) †ivR mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z
†Mvmj Kiv|
4. Avgv‡`i KLb nvZ †avqv DwPZ?
DËi : Lvevi Av‡M, Lvevi ˆZwii Av‡M
Ges Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii c‡i cwi®‹vi
cvwb‡Z mvevb w`‡q Avgv‡`i nvZ
†avqv DwPZ|
5. cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ ivLvi `ywU Dcvq
†jL|
DËi : cwi‡ek cwi”Qbœ ivLvi `ywU
Dcvq n‡jv-
K) ivbœvN‡ii AveR©bv, Kjvi †Lvmv
Ges KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv Wv÷web
A_ev †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b †djv|
L) wbqwgZ Uq‡jU cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ
ivLv|

Ü mvaviY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wbivc` cvwb cvb Ges

wekªvg †`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix|
1. K‡qKwU †iv‡Mi bvg †jL| Avgiv 3. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Ges Kx Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i
Kxfv‡e Amy¯’ nB? wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ?
DËi : K‡qKwU †iv‡Mi bvg Ñ DËi : cvb Kiv, Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv Ges
K) D`ivgq, L) Avgvkq, M) UvBd‡qW, †Mvm‡ji Rb¨ wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv
N) emšÍ, O) K‡jiv, P) h²v| DwPZ|
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k AmsL¨ A`„k¨ RxevYy `~wlZ cvwb Avgv‡`i †ivM m„wó K‡i|
Qwo‡q Av‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ZvB †ivM †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i
wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| wbivc`
RxevYy gvby‡li †ivM m„wó K‡i|
cvwb Avgv‡`i †`n‡K mwVKfv‡e KvR
`~wlZ cvwb cvb Ki‡j ev `~wlZ Lvevi Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i, RxevYy `~i K‡i Ges
†L‡j †ivMRxevYy Avgv‡`i kix‡i Avgv‡`i my¯’ iv‡L| ZvB Avgv‡`i
cÖ‡ek K‡i| gqjv nv‡Z †PvL Nl‡j ev wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
Acwi®‹vi nvZ gy‡L w`‡jI RxevYy 4. Avgv‡`i †`n‡K my¯’ ivLvi Dcvq¸‡jv
†`‡n XyK‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ni †fZ‡i RxevYy †jL| kixi my¯’ ivL‡Z Kxfv‡e Avgiv
hLb msL¨vq e„w× cvq ZLb Avgiv
cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡Z cvwi?
Amy¯’ nB|
2. †`n my¯’ ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Kx Kx DËi : Avgv‡`i †`n‡K my¯’ ivLvi
wbqg †g‡b Pjv DwPZ? Dcq¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
DËi : ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvcb Ges mylg 1) †`‡n †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evov‡bvi
Lv`¨ †`n my¯’ iv‡L| cwiwgZ e¨vqvg, Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxeb hvcb Kiv|
cÖ‡qvRbxq wekªvg Ges Nyg Avgv‡`i 2) mylg Lv`¨ LvIqv QvovI cwiwgZ
†`‡ni Rb¨ DcKvix| †ivM n‡j Wv³vi e¨vqvg, cÖ‡qvRbxq wekªvg I Nyg|
†`Lv‡bv, Ilya LvIqv Ges †ivM †_‡K
†m‡i IVvi Rb¨ cywóKi Lvevi MÖnY
 3q †kÖwY : weÁvb  34
kixi my¯’ ivL‡Z wb‡Pi c×wZ‡Z Avgiv 6. wbcv cÖwZwU Kv‡R wbivc` cvwb
cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡Z cvwi-
1) LvIqvi ci `uvZ eªvk Kiv Ges †ivR
mvevb w`‡q cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z
†Mvmj Kiv|
2) wbqwgZ RvgvKvco cwi®‹vi Kiv|
3) Z¡K, Pzj, bL, †PvL I Kv‡bi hZœ
†bIqv|
Ü †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
5. Zzwg Kxfv‡e †ivM †_‡K wb‡R‡K iÿv
Ki‡e?
DËi : Avwg wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv
AbymiY K‡i †ivM †_‡K wb‡R‡K iÿv
Ki‡ev-
1) mylg Lvevi MÖnY K‡i|
2) cwiwgZ e¨vqvg I ch©vß wekªvg
wb‡q|
3) wbivc` cvwb cvb K‡i|
4) wb‡R‡K I Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek‡K
cwi®‹vi †i‡L|
5) Lvevi Av‡M, Lvevi ˆZwii Av‡M Ges
Uq‡jU e¨env‡ii ci cwi®‹vi cvwb‡Z
mvevb w`‡q nvZ ay‡q|

e¨envi K‡i bv| †Kvb cvwb wbcvi †`‡n
†ivM m„wó Ki‡e? wbcvi †Kb wbivc`
cvwb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ? wbivc` cvwb
e¨env‡i GjvKvq m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z
wbcv Kx Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i?
DËi : `~wlZ cvwb wbcvi †`‡n †ivM
m„wó Ki‡e|
†`n‡K mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z mnvqZv
Kiv, RxevYy `~i Kiv Ges my¯’ ivLvi
Rb¨ wbcvi wbivc` cvwb e¨envi Kiv
DwPZ|
wbivc` cvwb e¨env‡i GjvKvq m‡PZbZv
m„wó‡Z wbcv †hme KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv
n‡jvÑ
1) GjvKvi †jvKR‡bi gv‡S †cv÷vi,
wjd‡jU †d÷zb weZiY Kiv|
2) GjvKvq MYms‡hvM Kiv|
3) ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©i mn‡hvwMZv †bIqv|
4) BDwbqb cwil‡` †Pqvig¨vb,
†g¤^vi‡`i‡K wb‡q GjvKvq
cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv|
5) ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri wkÿK, gmwR‡`i Bgvg,
MÖvg¨ gvZeŸi‡`i mn‡hvwMZv
†bIqv|