Official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists,

its constituent societies, the American Board of Orthodontics, and

the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Orthodontics

Editors
Rolf G. Behrents, DDS, MS, PhD, Editor-in-Chief
St Louis, MO; behrents@gmail.com
Jae Hyun Park, DMD, MSD, MS, PhD, Deputy Editor
Mesa, AZ; jpark@atsu.edu
David L. Turpin, DDS, MSD, Editor Emeritus
Seattle, WA; DLTurpin@aol.com
Wayne G. Watson, DDS, Editor Emeritus
La Jolla, CA; wwatson2@san.rr.com
Stacey Kauffman, Managing Editor
Philadelphia, PA; AJODOEditorialOffice@gmail.com

Associate Editors
David Covell, Jr, DDS, MSD, PhD, Biology
Buffalo, NY; dacovell@buffalo.edu
Theodore Eliades, DDS, MS, Dr Med Sci, PhD, FIMMM, FRSC, FInstP, Dental Materials
Zurich, Switzerland; Theodore.Eliades@zzm.uzh.ch
Padhraig S. Fleming, MSc, PhD, MOrth, RCS, FDS (Orth), FHEA, Evidence-based Dentistry
London, United Kingdom; padhraig.fleming@gmail.com
Dan Grauer, DDS, MSD, PhD, Residents' Journal Review
Santa Monica, CA; drgrauer@yahoo.com
Peter M. Greco, DMD, Ethics in Orthodontics
Philadelphia, PA; pgrecodmd@gmail.com
Demetrios J. Halazonetis, DDS, MS, Imaging
Kifissia, Greece; dhal@dhal.com
Mark G. Hans, DDS, MSD, Sleep and Breathing
Berea, OH; mark.hans@case.edu
Laurance Jerrold, DDS, JD, Litigation and Legislation
Brooklyn, NY; drlarryjerrold@gmail.com
Sanjivan Kandasamy, BDSc, BScDent, DocClinDent, MOrthRCS, FRACDS, FDSRCS, TMD and Function
Midland, WA, Australia; sanj@kandasamy.com.au
Christos Katsaros, DDS, Dr med dent, Odont Dr/PhD, Craniofacial Anomalies/Cleft Lip and Palate
Bern, Switzerland; christos.katsaros@zmk.unibe.ch
Neal D. Kravitz, DMD, MS, Aligner Therapy
South Riding, VA; nealkravitz@gmail.com
Allen H. Moffitt, DMD, Continuing Education
Murray, KY; AHMGM@aol.com
J. Martin Palomo, DDS, MSD, Digital Orthodontics
Cleveland, OH; palomo@case.edu
Nikolaos Pandis, DDS, MS, Dr med dent, MSc, PhD, Statistics and Research Design
Bern, Switzerland, and Corfu, Greece; npandis@yahoo.com
Mario Polo, DMD, MS, Orthodontic Treatment
San Juan, Puerto Rico; drmariopolo@mariopolo.com
Zongyang Sun, DDS, MS, MSD, PhD, Biology
Columbus, OH; sun.254@osu.edu
Leslie A. Will, DMD, MSD, Growth and Development
Boston, MA; willla@bu.edu
Jae Hyun Park, DMD, MSD, MS, PhD, American Board of Orthodontics
Mesa, AZ; jpark@atsu.edu

Elsevier
Lindsay Allen, Senior Publisher
Elsevier Inc. - +1 215-239-3437; l.allen@elsevier.com
Cesar J. Rodriguez, Journal Manager
Elsevier Inc. - +1 212-633-3751; c.rodriguez.1@elsevier.com

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/April 2023