1/22/23, 8:03 PM Module 1 Summary: GEC 002-BALSCM12S1 - Readings in Philippine History

Module 1 Summary
History is the study of the past. Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are
considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as
the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of
information about these events.

It was derived from the Greek word "historia" which means "knowledge acquired through inquiry
or investigation".

Primary sources are those produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being
studied.

Secondary sources are those which are produced by an author who used primary sources to
produce the material.

Historical criticism is a literary criticism in the light of historical evidence or based on the context
in which a work was written, including facts about the author’s life and the historical and social
circumstances of the time.

External criticism is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining the
physical characteristics of the source, time and the materials.

Internal criticism is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence.

In the advent of social media as a very ubiquitous platform of airing self-expressions and views, it
is very important to you, as student-historians, to evaluate and criticize the historicity of these
posts / websites / blogs and even YouTube videos proliferating around. To criticize and evaluate
historical websites and any other websites which publishes events in history with accompanying
interpretations, explanations, assumptions, and even predictions can never be overemphasized in
order to combat historical revisionism and proliferation of fake/misleading news.

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