I.
Pure and Conditional Obligations  Mixed- depends partly upon the will of
Art. 1179. Every obligation whose performance
does not depend upon a future or uncertain
event, or upon a past event unknown to the
parties, is demandable at once.
Every obligation which contains a resolutory
condition shall also be demandable, without
prejudice to the effects of the happening of the
event.
Pure obligations- no specific date, no condition
or period.
e.g You promised Alice a brand new laptop.
Conditional obligations- consequences are
subject in one way or another.
e.g You promised Alice a brand new laptop if
she passes her exam tomorrow.
Characteristics:
 future or uncertain event
 past event but unknown
Kinds of condition:
 Suspensive condition- conditions that
cause the birth of the obligation. (if
condition take effect, there’s an
obligation)
e.g You promised Alice a brand new laptop
if she became valedictorian.
 Resolutory condition- these are the
conditions that caused the
extinguishment of the obligation.
(obligation already existing)
e.g You shoulder Alice’s tuition fee until she
graduates.
Art. 1181. In conditional obligations, the
acquisition of rights as well as the
extinguishment or loss of those already
acquired shall depend upon the happening of
the event which constitute the condition.
As to cause or origin:
 Potestative- condition depends solely
on the will of the debtor/creditor
e.g. I will buy you a car if you will go to
the mall tomorrow. (Potestative-
Suspensive)
e.g I will shoulder your living expenses
until you want. (Potestative-
Resolutory)
 Casual- depends upon chance and/or
will of a third person
e.g A contractor obliges himself to
repair x’s damages that may cause by
an earthquake within 10 years.
one of the parties and partly a will of a
third person.
e.g A contractor obliges himself to
repair x’s damages by an earthquake if
found that the construction has defects
contributed to the damage.
As to possibility:
 Possible- as soon as the time expires
without the event taking place/ the
event will not take place although the
time isn’t expired.
e.g. X obliges himself to give Y a land if Y
will marry AB within the year.
 Negative- evident that the event will
not occur
e.g. X obliges himself to give Y a land if Y
will not marry AB within the year.
Loss- the thing or property that is the subject of
the obligation is no longer available or has been
destroyed.
Deterioration- the thing or property has not
been completely lost, but it has suffered some
form of damage or impairment.
i. without debtor’s fault
e.g X obliged himself to give Y his
car worth 100k if Y sells his
property. The car was lost without
the fault of X.
ii. with debtor’s fault
e.g same example. The car was lost
with the fault of X. Y will demand
damages to X worth 100k.
Improvement- the obligation has been
enhanced or made better in some way.
i. by nature, or time- value is
increased/enhanced
e.g same example. If the market
value of X’s car increases, Y will
benefit.
ii. at the debtor’s expense
e.g same example. X had the car
painted and changed at his
expenses. X has the right to use and
benefit from a property.
II. Obligation with a Period- contractual or legal
obligation that is subject to the fulfillment of a
condition related to time.
A. Period or Term
Certain event Uncertain event
(sooner or later may
happen)
future Past event unknown
 Fixes the time of Causes obligation to they receive the agreed-upon amount or
efficaciousness arise/cease service at a later time.
Empowers the court Depends solely upon
to fix the duration the will of the debtor Debtor- the debtor may be granted extra
Doesn’t have any Has retroactive effect time to gather the necessary funds or
retroactive effect resources to fulfill their obligation.

Both- mutually beneficial to both parties,

Possible Period- e.g Christmas
Impossible Period- e.g February 30 or 24 hours
at work
Kinds of Period/Term
1. As to effect
Suspensive (ex die)- makes
obligation demandable.
Resolutory (in diem)-
terminates/extinguish the obligation
2. As to expression
Express- period/term is mentioned in
the contract or legal provision, making
it clear when the obligation becomes
due.
allowing them to meet their respective
needs and expectations.
2. Effects- it determines when the obligation
becomes due and enforceable. Until the
specified period elapses or the triggering
event occurs, the obligation is not yet due,
and neither party can demand
the performance.
3. Presumption- the period is established for
the benefit of both the debtor and the
creditor unless it is clearly established for
the benefit of one of them. In other words,
if the contract does not explicitly state who
benefits from the period, it is presumed to
be for the benefit of both parties.

Implied- period/term is not mentioned

but is inferred from the circumstances,
actions of the parties, or the nature of
the obligation.

3. As to definiteness

Definite- fixed/known when will come

Indefinite- not fixed/not known when

4. As to source

Voluntary- agreed by both parties

Legal- provided by laws

Judicial- fixed by the court

Effect of payment in advance- if a debtor pays

in advance, they can fulfill their obligation
ahead of schedule, and the creditor cannot
demand payment again for the amount paid in
advance.

Note: Article 1197, par. 3- if the debtor makes a

partial payment, the creditor can apply it to the
most onerous part of the obligation. This
ensures that the debtor's payment is used
effectively to satisfy the most burdensome
portion of the obligation.

Benefit of a Period

1. For whose benefit

Creditor- the creditor may specify a future

date for payment or performance to ensure