Halfway houses- it serves as a bridge between incarceration and full reintegration into the community.

Its aim is to help offenders successfully transitions back into society while minimizing the risk of
reoffending.

The facilities are located within communities, allowing them to have various resources and support
networks. This resources can be mental health counseling, job training, education, and assistance with
finding employment. It offers the residents the chance to gradually adjust to life outside of
incarceration.

 Humanitarian – as it focuses on helping individuals and aims to address issues through humane
and caring approach instead of punitive measures.
 Rehabilitations- it focus on personal growth, self-improvement, and behavior change rather
than punishment
 Reintegration- as it prepares offenders for their transition in the community by teaching them
life skills and etc.

Pre-trial release- means that defendants who have been arrested and are awaiting trial are allowed to
leave jail or detention facilities before trial takes place. It provides a range of options, each with varying
conditions and supervisions.

For example: a defendant in jail awaiting trial for the offense of estafa is released under bail.

Pre- booking release- wherein an offender is released before they are recorded in the system for an
offense wherein it allows the possibility of resolving certain situations without the need for immediate
formal processing while holding the offender accountable for their actions and ensuring their
appearance in court when required.

For example: a man was pulled over by a police officer for a minor traffic violation, like not wearing a
seatbelt instead of formally booking them into jail the man is given a fine for the violation.

Note: formal booking is the procedure wherein a person taken into custody is photographed,
fingerprinted, and details of the alleged offense is recorded.

Kinds of pre-booking release

1. Field citation- is not mandatory but is at the discretion of the arresting officer, wherein instead
of taking the individual to jail the law enforcement officer can release the individual accused of
misdemeanor offense at the scene of the arrest, with the requirement that they appear in court
within the specified timeframe.
For example: a law enforcement officer caught a person littering, instead of detaining the
person the officers gave the person an Environmental Violation Receipt (EVR) ticket and
informed the person to pay the fine.
Note: misdemeanors are violations of local ordinances
Pre-arraignment is wherein an individual is arrested but have not yet had their initial court
appearance.
2. Station house citation- someone who is arrested for a misdemeanor is taken into the police
station and in the station the person’s information is checked and based on the verified
information the officer can make a decision without going through the booking process.
 For example: an officer takes an individual to the police station as they were causing
disturbance in public due to intoxication. At the station, the officer verifies the person’s
identification and checks if they have prior records and it turns out the individuals record is
clean, the officer now has the option of issuing a citation instead of detaining the individual.

Post booking release- this means that the person has gone through the booking process, which includes
recording their personal information, fingerprinting, and taking the individuals photograph, they may be
released from custody under certain conditions.

Example: a man was arrested and jailed due to an alleged theft offense, and after the booking process
the man appeared in court for their arraignment wherein the court evaluated and decides to grant bail
on the man.

Kinds of post booking release

1. Release on own recognizance- wherein a defendant is released from custody without having to
pay bail or be under direct supervision. Instead the defendant is trusted to voluntarily return to
court for all scheduled hearings. Release on own recognizance is a system of trust in which the
defendant is released based on the belief that they will honor their obligation.
2. Unsecured bail- permits the release of the defendant without requiring them to pay bail or
involving a bondsman but comes with the condition that they must fulfill their legal obligations.
If they fail to do so, they are required to pay a fee as a penalty for non-compliance.
Example: Juan was released without paying bail with the agreement that he will show up for the
court meeting but because he failed to show up for the court hearing he was fined.
3. Third party release- wherein the defendant is released as a third party took the responsibility
and ensures that the defendant will appear in court for all the required proceedings. Third party
release is often used as an option for individuals who may not have financial means to post bail.
Example: Juan was charged with minor theft, the court determined that he is eligible for release
pending trial but cannot afford bail. The court offers the third party release so Juan and his sister
Juana agreed to a third party release arrangement.
4. Conditional release- wherein a defendant is allowed to be released from custody but it comes
with specific conditions set by the court must be met. Such conditions may include staying
within a defined geographical area (often referred as house arrest), regularly reporting to a
probation officer, abiding by curfew and etc... Failure to abide by the conditions may result in
legal consequences, such as return to custody, or forfeiture of bail. Conditional release is rarely
used as a standalone option and it is often combined with other forms of release such as bail or
third party release.
Example: Sarah was arrested and charged with DUI. The court granted her a conditional release
while she awaits trial. As part of her conditional release Sarah, the court sets specific conditions
that Sarah must follow such as: remaining within her city of residence, is required to attend a
mandatory alcohol education program and is prohibited from driving any motor vehicle.
5. Monitored OR- is a program that combines release on recognizance with minimal supervision.
The defendant is released from custody without having to pay bail like ROR, wherein they are
trusted to return to court based on their own commitment. However in monitored OR there is
an added element of supervision. Wherein the defendant must maintain contact with the
program officer. This involves making phone calls to the officer at scheduled intervals wherein
 the defendant maybe required to provide updates on their address, and other relevant
information.
6. Privately Secured Bail- is a program in which a private organization offers bail assistance to
indigent defendants who meet the agency/s requirements, and this service is provided for free.
The private organization operates in similar manner to a professional bondsman wherein they
post bail on behalf of the defendant. This program is aimed at ensuring that indigent defendants
are not held in custody solely due to their inability to pay bail.
7. Percentage bail- when a defendant is granted percentage bail, they must deposit a portion of
the total amount usually 10% with the court clerk. For example, if the bail amount set by the
court is 10,000 pesos, the defendant would need to deposit 1,000 pesos with the court. After
making the deposit, the defendant is released from custody. And when the defendant appears
in court for all scheduled hearing the majority of the initial deposit is refunded. In the example
wherein the defendant paid 1000 pesos of he attended all court proceedings 90% of the 1000
pesos would be refunded and that would be 900 pesos.
8. Fully Secured Bail- the defendant, their family, or professional bondsman is responsible for
paying the full bail amount set by the court. In cases where a bondsman is involved, it acts as an
intermediary who arranges for the payment of the full bail amount on behalf of the defendant
or their family. Bondsmen may require a fee for their services, wherein they may require a
collateral to ensure that they can recover the bail amount in case the defendant fails to appear
in court this can be jewelry, vehicles, or real estate. If a defendant fails to appear in court the
bondsman will apprehend the defendant and bondsman may seize the collateral. If the
defendants fails to appear in court their bail may be revoked, and they be subjected to arrest
and return to custody.
9. Cash Bail- is often demanded in cases where charges are relatively minor or considered not
highly serious, wherein the defendant or their family is required to pay the full bail amount in
cash or any acceptable form of payment and upon payment of bail the defendant is released in
custody. If the defendant complies with their legal obligations they can be eligible for refund
10. Supervised release- a defendant after being released from custody, must maintain a regular
contact with a program officer. The defendant I required to have more frequent and structured
contact with the officer. This contact can be: regular phone calls at specified intervals, in person
meeting for their scheduled appointments, and the defendant is required to provide updates
and information as required by the court. This provides a higher level of monitoring for
defendants who require closer supervision.
11. Supervised work release- a defendant is partially released in jail for employment purposes
wherein the defendant it permitted to leave the jail during the day for work. They are required
to return to jail during non-working hours. This means they are confined to the jail facility during
the night, weekends, and other specified periods when they are at their place of employment.

Key citizen roles in corrections

1. Correctional volunteer- are individuals who choose to give their time and expertise to assist
individuals within the correctional system. Their involvement fosters understanding and
empathy and play a crucial role in the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders. They help
with mentoring, tutoring, counseling and support, reentry assistance and etc..
2. Social persuader- someone who holds a position of authority, respect, or influence within the
larger community or society. They advocate for and promoting the goals and objectives of the
corrections system. One of the key areas where a social persuader is important is securing
legislative support. When seeking changes in correctional policies, having the backing of
influential individuals can significantly impact the legislative process. They use their
communication skills, credibility, and persuasive abilities to convince others, including
legislators, policymakers, and the general public. Their ability to mobilize support can lead to
systemic improvements and advances in the field of corrections.
Example: justice Antonio Carpio who advocated for reforms in the criminal justice system such
as access to legal aid, prison reforms for better conditions of inmates, and anti-torture and anti-
enforced disappearance act.
3. Gatekeepers of opportunity- are individuals and institutions that control access to important
social resources. Gatekeepers play a pivotal role in reducing barriers that individuals with
criminal records often face. This include revising hiring practices, offering educational
opportunities, and social services. When gatekeepers actively support correctional programs
and policies, they contribute to the broader goal of reintegrating individuals into the community
as productive and law abiding members.
4. Intimates- are individuals who share common interests, backgrounds, or experiences, these
peer groups often consist of former inmates, individuals on probation or parole, or those
involved in criminal activities. Correctional agents recognize the importance of addressing the
influence of intimate peer groups in the rehabilitation process. To do so they collaborate with
community workers and address traditional peer groups through intervention, supportive
programs, reintegration, and education awareness.