INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 4126-4 Second edlition 2005-07-15 Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 4; Pilot operated safety valves fede sécurité pour protection contre Tes pressians excesshres — pape de ret pilatesIso 4126-4:2013(E) A COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT iso. 203 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no partof this publication may be reproduced ac uullized otherwise in any form or thy any means, electronic oF mechanical, including photocopying. oF posting. on the internet oe am ina net, Without prior written permission, Permission can be requested from either [S0)at the address belaw ar IS8's member borty in the country at the requester ‘tec esaeeciaaaamiiiesISO 4126-4:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword iv 1 ‘Scope. 1 2 Normative references... 1 3 Terms and definitions: wl 4 Symbols and units 5 5 Design 5 51 General ns 5 52 Valve end connections._..___. 6 $3 Minimum requirements for springs 6 54 Materials 7 6 Production testing 7 61 Purpose z 52 General ’ T 63 Hydrostatic testing, 7 6+ Pheumatic testing 8 65 Adjustment of set or cold differential test pressure a Go Seatleakage test, 9 6.7 Pressure seals 5 7 ‘Type testing. 9 71 General 9 7.2 Tests to determine operating characteristics... Sina ell 7.3 Tests ta determine tlaw characteristics 12 74 — Determination of the coefficient af discharge id 7S — Certification afenefficient of discharge 14 & Determination of pilot operated safety valve performance 14 § Sizing of pilot operated safety valves 14 10 Marking and sealing 14 10.1 Marking dt 10.2 Sealing of a plot operated satery valve 15 Bibliography isForeword iSO (the International Organization for Standardizatinn) isa worldwide iederatian of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies), The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried aut through [$0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subj committee has been established has the right to he represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in Haisan with 180, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates elusely with the International Electrotechnical Commissirn (IEC) on all matters of elactrutechnieal standardization International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISG/IEC Directives, arth ‘The main task of technical committees is ta prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for vating Publication as. an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote, ‘Attention is drawn to the possibility that some af the elements of this document may be the subject of Patent rights, [50 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or al such patentrights. ISO 4126-4 was prepared by ‘Technical Committee ISO/TC 185, Safety devices for pratection against excessive pressure, ‘This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (SO 4126-4:2004), which has heen technically revised. [t also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum [SO 4126=4:2004/Cor 1:2007. ISO #126 consists of the following parts, Under the general title Safery devices far prutetion against excessive presser: Part I: Safety valves — Part 2: Bursting disc sofety devices — Part 3: Safety valves and bursting disc safety devices in combination Part 4: Pilotoperated sajety valves = Pore 5: nen Ned safety pressure relief systems (CSPRS) — Part 6: Application, selec tian and installation of bursting dise safety devices Part 7 Common deta — Part §: Application and installation ofsofety devices sxctucting stand-atone bursting disc safety devices — Part 10: Sizing of safeey valves for qas/lig two-phase flew Part 11; Performance testing! Part? contains datatha tis commontomore than one ofthe parts dF1S0 441 2é6to avoid unnecessary repetition, 1) Under developmentSafety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 4: Pilot operated safety valves 1 Scope This partot $0 4126specifies general requirements {or pilot operated salety valves, irrespective of the fluid for which they are designed) [n all cases, the operation |s carried aut by the fluid in the system ta be protected, [tis applicable to pilot operated safety valves having a valve flew diameter of 4 mm and above which are for-use at set pressures af 0,1 har gauge and above, No limitation js placed on temperature, This isa product standard and it is not applicable to apy ications of pilot operated safety valves 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, anly the edition cited applies, For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any arnendments) applies. 180 4126-7:2013, Safety devices Jor protection against excessive preisute — Part 7: Caminoh data 3 Terms and definitions Wr the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. aa pilot operated safety valve self-actuated device comprising a main valve and an attached pilot Note 1 toentry: The pllotrespands to the pressure of the fluid withaut any ater actuating energy than che fluid itself and controts the operation of the main valve: The main valve opens when the fluid pressure that keeps it Closed is removed or reduced. The main) valve re-closes when the preseure ic reapplied Note 2 toentry: See Figure 1 fora list of main compenents. 3.2 main valve parts of a pilot operated safety valve, through which the discharge capacity is achieved 33 flowing pilot pilat which discharges the Fluid throughout the relieving cycle of the pilot operated satety:1 2quipment to be protected 9 dise (or pistan) 2 main valve 10 seat a pilot valve 12 main valve boxy 4 sensing tine 12. main valve inlet 5 loadin g/unloaeling line 13 ate walve outlet 6 pressure chamber 14 pilot ontiet 7 cover {ax cap] 15 connection ofthe sensing line (sew Note) NOTE The sensing line from the pilot can be either connected tn the main valve inlet ar connected directly to the equipment to be protected. Ih cases Where the sensing Line |5 not commected to the main Valve inlet considerations should he given to the lengthand to the protection fram damage of the sensing line. Figure 1 — Nomenclature of main components of a pilot operated salety valve 34 nom-flowing pilot pilot in which the Maid flows only during the opening and/or closing of the jot operated safety-valve 35 ON/OFF action characterized by stable operatian res alting in fully open ar fully elased main valve position Note 1 te entry: This a5 au action ofthe pilot epe rated safety valve.3.6 modulating aetion characterized by a gradual opening and closing ofthe disc of the main valvewhich is a funetian sf the pressure, propartional but net necessarily linear Note 1 towntry: Thic lean action of the pilotaperated safety valve a7 set pressure predetermined pressure at which the main valve of a pilot operated safety valve under operating conditions commences to op Note 1 toentry: Itie che gauge pressure measured at the main valve inlet at which the pressure forces tending to lift the main valve disc fnr the specific service conditions are: in equilibrium with the forces retaining the main valve dist on its seat. mallwable pressure maximum pressure for which the protected equipment is designed a9 opening sensing pressure presstire at which the pilot commences to open in otder tu sehieve the set pressure 3.10 overpressure pressure increase over the set pressure, usually expressed as apercentage of the set pressure 311 reseating pressure value of the inlet static pressure at which the main walve disc re-establishes contact with the seat or at which the lift becomes zero gaz cold differentialtest pressure inlet static pressure at which a pilot operated safety valve is set to commence to apen on the test bench Note 1 tue ntry:This test presiuar Indesecot rections for serviceconaitions, cg hackpresitireand/or temperate. 343 relieving pressure pressure used for the sizing of a pilot aperated safety valve which is greater than or equal to the set pressure plus overpressure aid back pressure pressure that exists at the outlet of a safety valveasa result of the pressure in the discharge system Note 1 toentry: The back pressur the stimof the superimposed and built-up hack pressures, 3.5 built-up back pressure pressure existing at the outlet of the main valve caused by Now through the main valve and the discharge systems 346 superimposed back preswure pressure existing at the outlet of the iain valve at the tine when the eeviee a required to operate Note 1 toentry: Itis the result of pressure in thedischarge system frem other sources,aa7 blowdown difference between set and reseating pressures Note 1 to entry: Blowdown is normally stated as.a percentage of set pressure except for pressures of fess than har when the blowdown isexpressed in bay. a8 lift actual travel of the main valve disc away tram the closed position a9 flow area mininvam cross-sectional flow area (htmot the smallest area hetween disc and seat) betureen inlet and seat which is used to calculate the theoretical flowing capacity at the main valve, with no deduction for any obstruction 3.20 flow diameter diameter corresponding to the flow area 321 theoretical discharge capacity calculated capacity of a thearetically perfect nozele having a eross-sectinnal flow ares equal to the Mow area of the main valve af a pilot operated safety valve Note { towntry: Itis expressed in mass or volumetric units 3.22 coefficient of discharge valucofactual flowing capacity (from tests) divided by the theoretical flowing capacity (fromealeulation) 3.23 certified (discharge) capacity portion of the measured capacity permitted to be used asa basis for the application of a pilot ope rated safety valve Note 1 te entry: Itaay, for example, equal the: 5) measured flow rate ti mes the dé-rating factar-ar b) theoretical flow rate times the coefficient of discharge times the de-rating factor: or c) theoretical flow rate times the certified de-rated coefficient nf discharge. Bat DN (nominal size) alphanumeric designation of size that is common for campenents used in a piping system, used for reference purposes, comprising the letters DN fallewed by 2 dimensionless number having an indirect correspondence 10 the physical size of the bore or outside diameter of the component end connection Note 1 to entry: The dimensionless number dows not reprecent a measurable value and ls not used for calculation purposes, Note:2 towntry: Prefix DDN usage te applicable to components bearing PN designations according to ISO 7268 Note 3 to«ntry: Adapted from [66 67081895, definition 244 Symbols and units ‘Table 1—Syriols and their descriptions Symbal Deseription unit A |Plowarea ofa safety valve (not smallest areahetween seat and disc) fi Ki [Coefficient discharges = ar [Fortified de-rated coefficient of discharge (a » 09) t__ [Number oftests = dy [Theowetical spect fic discharge capacity g/m?) ey Specific discharge capacity determined by tests eg (hema?) 7 _ Kjamd Kjpare expressedl ae Oc 5 Design 5.1 General 5.1.1 ‘The design shall incorporate guiding arrangements necessary to ensur and sear tightness. consistent operation 52 ‘The seat of the main valve, other than when it is an integral part of the valve shell, shall be fastened securely Co prevent the seat becoming lnose in service, 5.1.3. Meansshall be provided to lock and/orta seal all external adjustments in such a manner s0-as to prevent or reveal unauthorized adjustments of the pilot mperated salety valve. S14 In the case of main valves with restricted lift, che lift restricting device shall limit the main valve life but shall net atherwise interfere with the operation of the main valve, The lift restricting device-shall be designed so tha, if adjustable, the adjustable feature can he mechanically locked and sealed. The lift restricting device shall be installed and sealed In accordance with the design of the manufacturer ‘The valve lift shall not be restricted to-a value lese than 1 mm. 5.5. Pilotoperated safety valves for toxic or flammable Iluidsshall have the pilot-vented to a safe place. 5.1.6 ‘The main valve shall be provided with a drain conection at the lowest print whete liquid can collect untess other provisions fur draining are provided. 5.7 The design stress af pressure-retaining shells shall not exceed that specitied in the appropriate standards ROTE For example, EN 12516 of ANSI/ASME B 16.34 may he used as reference. SaL8 ‘The materials foradjacemt sliding surfaces such as guides and dise/dise holder/spindle shall be selected to ensure corrosion resistance and to.mininiize wear and avoid galling, 5.1.9 In the case of reasonably foreseeable damage to connections between the various components, the resulting flow areas shall be stich that the pilat operated satety valve will discharge its certified capacity at not more than 1,1 tlnes the maximum allawable pressure, 5.1.10 When the superimposed hack pressure cam be higher than the inlet pressure, means shall be provided sa that the main valve does not apen 5.1.11 Easing gear shall be provided when specified pressuneto the pilot adequate to werify thatthe ma alternatively means for connecting and applying 1g parts critical Lo praper operation are free tn muve.SALI2 ‘The fitting of any additional deviee to a pilot anu main valve combination shall not prevent the pressurized system from being protected under any circumstances. 5.2 Valve end connections ‘The inlet design of valve end connections, regardless of type, shall be such that the internal area of the external pipe or stub connection at the salety valve inlet [sat least equal to that of the valve inlet connection [see Figure 2 a)), ‘The autlet design of valve end connectians, regardtess of type, shall be such that the internal ar the external pipe connection at the safety valve outlet tsat least equal to that of the valve outlet, except those valves with female threaded outlet connections [see Figure 2b}, NOTE — See Clause 7 regarding type testing. a} Inlet { | hed b) Outlet 3 unsanafactery 4 required! internal diameter of the pilot operated safety valve for the valve tw function peuperly meter nf the pipe is not equal taxhe nominal diameter of the valve outlet as shown, then a ¢ shall be fitted dhiring testing as spesified in 2.0.4, Figure 2 — Design afend connections 5.3 Minimum requirements for springs Pressure setting springs, as applicable, shall be Im accareance with ISO 4126-7,SA Materials Only approved materials shall be used far pressure retaining shells NOTE Por example, EN 12516 or any other natianal or (nternatisnally recognized standards (e.g. ASME, JIS, etc.) may be used as reference. ‘These materials and theirtemperacune limitations:shall be suitable for pressure-eontaining [unetion 6 Production testing 6&1 Purpose ‘The purpese of these tests is to ensure that all pilot operated safety valves meet the requirements for which they have been designed without exhibiting any form of leakage from pressure-retaining companents or joints. 4.2 General All cernporary pipes, connections and blanking devices shall be adequate to withstand the test pressure. Any temporary welded-on attachments shall he carefully remaved and the resulting weld scars shall be ground flush with the parent material. After grinding. all such sears shall he inspected by using magnetic le or liquid penetrant techniques. 63 Hydrostatic testing (3.1 Applieation ‘The portion of the main valve shell expused to the inlet pressure shalll he tested ta a pressure 1,5 times the mamufacturer’s stated maximum pressure fir which the pilot operated sa fety walwe is designed. The partion of the main valve shell exposed to outlet pressure shall be tested to 1,5 times the manufacturer's stated maximum back pressure for which the valve is designed. This pressure can be Tower than that given hy the outlet flange rating. 63.2 Duration ‘The test pressure shalll be applied and maintained at the required magnitude for a sufficient length of e tc permit a visual examination to be made of all surfaces and joints, butin any ease for nat less than the times given int Table 2, For tests on the discharge Side of the Seat, the testing time shall he based on the pressure specified in 6.3. and the discharge size. Table 2 — Minimum duration of hydrostatic test Nominal Minimum duration ON tm seconds ON S50 15 654 DN= 200 a DNe 250 180 43.3 Acceptance criteria No leakage from the tested parts as defined in 6.3. is accepted.684 Safety requirements Water of suitable purity shall normally be used as the test medium, Where ether Sesting media are wsed, additional precautions may be necessary. Valve bodies shall be properly vented to remove entrapped att, WW materials which are Viable to failure by brittle fracture are incorporated in that part of the pilot operated safety valve which is to he hydrastatically tested, then both the pilot operated safety valve, or part thereof, and the testing medium shall be ata sufficient temperature w prevent the possibility of such failure No valve or part thereof undergoing pressure testing shall be subjected tn any form of shack loading, for example hammer testing. 64 Pneumatic testing 64.1 Application and duration of test Pressure testing with air or other suitable gas should be avoided but may be carried oukin place of the standard hady hydrostatic test with the agreement ofall parties involved in the following easest a) valvesaf stich design and construction that it isnot practicable forthern tobe filled with liquid and/or bh) valves thatare to be used in service where even small traces of water cannot be tolerated, ‘The portions of the walve ta be tested, test pressure, duration of application and acceptance criteria shall be as specified im 6.3, GA.2 Safety requirements ‘The haza tds involved in pneumatic pressure testing shall be considered andadequate precautions taken, Particular attention is drawn te-sorne relevant factors as follows a) Mamajorrupture nf the valve shou Id accuratsomestage during application of pressure, considerable energy will he released; hence na personnel shauld be in the immediate vicinity during pressure ralsing (far example a given volume of alr comains 200 Cimes the amaunt of energy that a similar volume of water contains when hoth are at the same pressure). bb) The risk of brittle failure under test conditions shall have been critically assessed at the design sage and the choice of materiale for valves which are to be pneumatically tated shall be such as ta avoid the risk of brittle failure during test. ‘This necessitates pravisian of an adequate margin between the transition temperature of all parts and the metal temperature during testing. ©) Attention is drawn te the fact Uhat if there isa reduction In gas pressure between the high-pressure storage and the valve under test, the temperature will decrease. Valves undergoing pneumatic test should not he approached far clase inspection until alter the pressure increase hax heen completed No valve undergoing pneumatic test shall be subject ta any farm of shock loading, Precautions shall be taken against pressures generated in excess of test pressure, 65 Adjustment of set ar cold differential test pressure Each pilot operated safety watve shall he adjusted ta its designated set or cold differential test pressure, Ihis not permissible to adjust the set ot cold differential test pressure of a pilot operated safety valve using air or other gas as the test medium unless the pressure-retaining parts have previnusly been subjected to a test im accordance with 6.9 or f4itis permissible to establish the set or cold differential test pressure by adjustment of the pilot only, In cases stich as these, it shall be shawn that the opening sensing pressure af the pilot achieves the required set pressure af the main valve, 6.6 Seat leakage test 66.1 General ‘The seat leakage testo the pilot operated safety valve shall becarried out afker the adjustment ofthe set ‘ar the cerld differential test pressure, ‘The: test procedure and the leakage rate shall be agreed between the manulacturer and the purchaser. When it is not the case, the values in 6.62.and 6.64 shall be used. 66.2 Test procedure The pilot and the main valve can be tested separately. Blank off the outletys and using alr or nitrogen gas, reduce the inlet pressure by 10 9 orf,35 harbelow the value of set or cold differentialltest pressure, whichever is the greater. The leakage rate up to 70 baw set pressure shall not exceed the values in 6.6.5 and 6.64, At pressureabove 70 bar the maximum leakage rate shall increase in direct praportion to the increase of set ar cold differential test pressure. When the pilat discharge is connected into the main valve outlet, the leakage rate through both the pilot and the main valve can be added tagether, and its measurement carried aut at the main valve outlet. Bubble leak measurement shall be carried outusing & mm internal diameter pipe inserted 13 mm into avolume af water, NOTE Alternatively, APIR27 can he used. 66.4 Pilot leakage rate The leakage rate shall nat exceed: elastomeric seat version: 0 bubbles/min; — metal seat version: 20 hubbles/min, 6.6.4 Main valve leakage rate The leakage rate shall nat exceed: on: § bubbles/ming — metal seat version: 20 hubblesymin, — elastomeric seat ver: 6.7 Pressure seals AI pressure seals between valve, loading/unloading line and sensing line shall be Teak tested, I appropriate, hold for { min at 14 %6 or 0,88 bar, whichever ts the greater, below set pressure, using alror nitrogen. Leakage is not aceeptable, 7 Type testing 7.1 General 744 Application ‘The operating and flow characteristics of pilat operated sa in conto rrvity with this clause. Valves shall be determined by qype tests‘This subclause applies tn the types of devices defined in 3.1, TAZ Tests ‘The tests to determine the operating characteristics shall be in accordance with Z2 and the tests bo determine the flow characteristics shall be in accordance with 23, When these tests are carried out separately, the parts of the valve which influence fluid flow shall be complete and installed in the valve. ‘The testing procedure, test rig and equipment shall be such that the operability and capacity at the relieving pressure cam be established. TAB Objectives of tests ‘The objective of the tests is to-determine, under specilic testing conditions asa minimum, the following characteristies of the valves before opening, while discharging and at reseacing: a) set pressure: b) overpressure; ©) reseatingipressure/htowdown; d) reproducibility of valve performance; e} mechanical characteristics of the valves determined by sight or heating such at — ability to reseat satisfactorily: — absence of chatter, flutter, sticking and/or harmful vibration; 1) lift atowerpressure; g) actual mass flow rate, JAA Procedure for testing The tests shall provide suitable data fram which the operational and flow characteristics may be determined, For valves with internally screwed connections on the outlet with a configuration as shown in Eigure 2_b),a pipe of appropriate thickness, at least tive diameters lang, shall be fitted during the test. 7.AS Results calculated from the tests The thevretical lowing capacity Is calculated in accordance with ISO 4126-7 as applicable, and, using this value together with the actual flowing capacity at relieving pressure, the ooe ficient of discharge of the walve is calculated in accordance with 150 4126-7. 7.16 Design changes When changes are madein the design ofa pilot aperated safety valve insuch a manner as to affect the flow path, lift or performance characteristics, new tests shall he carried aut in accordance with this clause. 7.2 Tests wa determine operating characteristics 7.24 General requirements Valves for air or ather gas service shall be tested using air or any other gas of known characteristics or superheated steam with 2 minimum af 10 °C of superheat, Valves for steam service shall be tested onsteam, alr or other gas of known characteristics. Wales for Liquid service shall be tested on water or other liquids of known characteristies, The allowable tolerances or bir as applicable on the operating characteristics are as follows: a) set pressure: J Sof set pressure or ¢ 0,1 bar, whichever is the greater, If the pilat is to be adjusted separately from the main valve, the pressure to which the pilotis adjusted may not he the same as the set pressure, ‘The opening sensing pressure shall be specified by the aanufacturer, It shall be demonstrated thatthe pllot is adjusted In Such a way that the above tolerance ‘on set pressure is maintained; b) overpressure: the value stated by the manufacturer but not exceeding 10 9 of set pressure or 0,1 har, whichever is greater: ©) liftat overpressure: notless than the value stated hy the manufacturer 4) blewdown: not greater than the value stated by the manufacturer, but within the folloveing li — compressible fluids: mninimam: 2,0 9 (nat apy modulating action), able fur the pilot aperated safety valves with maximum: 15 % or 0, bar, whichever is greaters — incompressible fluids: minimum: 2.5% knot applicable for the pilot operated safety valves with modulating action), maximum: 20 % or 0,6 bar, whichever is greater; ¢) overpressure and blowdown of restricted Iift pilot operated safety valves shall have the sai tolerances ar limits asthe unrestricted lift valves 1) overpressure and blaweewn of pilot operated safety walves with madulating actinn shall be verifieel and be stable far various lifts betveen the minimum and maximum stated by the manufacturer. 7.2.2. Pilat operated safety valve opening characteristics ‘The manufacturer shall specify the type af pilot and the type ofaction of the valve, 7.2.3 Test equipment ‘The uncertainty of pressure measurement-shall be within + 0,5 %. 7.2e¢ Valves used In the test programme (ypllot and main valve in combination) The pilot operated satety valves tested shall be representative of the design, pressure and size range of valves for which operating characteristics are determined within the capability of the test laboratory. For main valve size ranges containing seven or more sizes, tests shal] be carried out on three sizes. Ifthe slae rangecontains not more than six sizes, the number afsises tected may he reduced ta two When a size range fs extended so that the pilot operated safety valves tested previously are no longer representative nf the range, furrther tests an the apprapriate number atsizes shall be carried out. The tests of the pilot.and main walve as a combination shall be carried out using three significantly different pilot settings for each size of valve tested. Wheve three test pressures are required from one valve size, this may be achieved by testing either one valve with three different pilot settings or three valves of the same size at threa significantly different pilot settings, Each test shall be carried aut a minimum of three times in order te establish and ennlirm acceptable reproducibility of performance. ts at the minimum design set pressure shall be carried outIn the case of pilot operated valves of which one size only at various pressure ratings is being manufactured, tests shall be carried outusing fourdifferent pilot settings which shall cover the range of pressures for which the valve is to he used, Where the size range cannot be adequately covered then scale madels of the main valve shalll be used, Reduced scale models shall have a minimum valve flow diameter af 40 mm, All dimensions ofthe Flow path in the model shall be strictly to scale with the corresponding dimensions of the actual valve. All dimensions of the parts that can affect the aver: parts shall be ta seatle, rust exercised by the medium on the maving ‘The roughness af all surfaces of the flow path of the madel shall mothe less than thatof thecorrespending: Surfaces of the actual valve. Before testsare carried out, it shall be verified that the model conforms with the above, 7.3 Tests to determine flow characteristics 7341 Test requirements ‘After the operating characteristics (see 722) have been catisfacturily established, It is acceptable tu use steam, air er other gas of known characteristics as the fluid for flew characteristic tests except for valves designed for liquid service, Pilot operated safety walves far use with liquids shall be tested with water or other liquid of knoven characteristics, Further, when discharged quantities are being assessed, the main vaive disc shall he limited to the minimum lift as decermined hy the operating characteristics test at the chosen overpressure, in eases where flaw characteristics and operating characteristics are determined independently, 73.2 Valves used in the test programme ‘The main valve of the pilot aperated satety valves tested shall be the same as, or identteal to, thase used for the operating characteristics tests (see 7.24). 7a 3 Test procedure T3.3.1 ‘Test conditions ‘The testing precedure, test rig and equipment shall be appraved before testing is undertaken, "The testing procedure, test rig and equipment shall he such that the capacity at the averpressare can be established. ‘The tests can be carried outwith or withautthe pilot, 72.3.2 Number of test values ‘The tests shall be carried aut-at three different pressures for each of three sizes of a given main valve design unless the size range contains not more than six sizes, in which case the number of sizes tested may be reduced to twa, When a size ranges extended: from one containing less than seven sizesteane containing seven or nore sizes, then tests on three sizes of valves fa Lotal of mine tests) shall be eartied aut, 1y the ease of valves ofelther novel or spectal design af whieh ane size only at various pressure ratings is being manufactured, tests shall be carried out at four different set pressures which shall cover the range of pressures for which the valves Will he used, oras determined by the limits of the test facility.TBR3 Restricted lift valves For restricted lift valves the capacity at restricted lift may be determined immediately fallowing the tests ta determine flow characteristics at Full lift or determined later, In the case of restricted lift designs, a curve of coefficient of discharge versus lift may be established Tests shall be perfermed at minimum litt, maxicnum lift and at least three lifts between minimum and maximum Tiftusing a minimum of three test pressures at each lift This curve may be used to establish theeoefticient of discharge for any lift hetween mininvurn and mas roan lift. Tadd Value of test pressure Threw tests shall be carried out on each main valve size at test pressures whereby the ratio of absolute back pressure to absalute relieving pressure is less than 0,25, These tests shall be carried aut with atmospheric back pressure. For comipressihle tNuids when the ratio af ahsalute hack presstite to absolite relieving pressure exceeds thevalueof 0,25, the capacity of the main valve ean be largely dependentupon this ratia, Then tests shall be conducted at ratins hetween the pressure ratio of 0,25 and the maximum pressure ratio required to obtain curves of the coefficient of discharge Ky versus the ratio of absolute hack pressure ta absolute relieving pressure. This curve may be extended to cover the tests with pressure ratios less than 0,25. ‘This curveshal| beused far establishing the cuefficient of discharge atany set precsureand overpressure. Ieshall alsa be used for establiching the coatficient af discharge under bark pressure conelitions 1.3.35 low testing acceptance tolerance Inall the methouls described for flow characteristics testing, all final results shall he with in 5% of the arithmetic average to certify one-eommen discharge coefficient, Where these tolerances are natachiewed when testing, to produce the curveatthe coefficientoldischarge versus the ratio of absolute back pressure tn absolute relieving, pressure greater than 1,25, the curve iMluscrating the lowest coefficient ofdlischarge versus this ratio shall be accepted far the range of main valves tested. 7.34 Adjustment during test Noadjustmentto the main valveor pllotshall be made during the test, Fallow'ing any changesor deviation in the test conditions, a sufficient perind of time shall be allowed to permit the rate of low, temperature and pressure to reach stable conditions before readings are taken, 7.3.5 Records and test results The test records shall include all abservations, measurements, Instrument readings and instrument calibration records {if required) tor the objectives) of the tests, Original test records shall remain in the custady af the test establish ment that conducted the tests, Copies of all test records shall be supplied to each of the parties cancerned with the tests, Corrections and corrected values shall he entered separately in the test recard, The manufacturer of his authorized representative shall Keep a copy of the lest records and their additions fora period of 10 yearsafter the last ofthe safety valves has heen manufactured. 7.3.6 Flow test equipment The test equipment shall be designed and operated such that the actual test Mowing capacity Ieasurements are accurate to within + 298,74 Determination of the coefficient of discharge The coeffictent af discharge Ka is calculated using Formula (U: ¥(tu) Ky a 1) 7.5 Certification of coefficient of discharge ‘The certitied de-rated coefficient of discharge Kyp of the pilot operated safety valve shall he not greater than 90 % of the enefficient of discharge Ka determined by Fornuula (2): Kg, 20,9 Kg (2) Neither the coefficlent of discharge, nor the certified de-rated cneffictent of discharge can be used to calculate the capacity at a relieving pressure witha lower overpressure than that at which the tests tir determine the flaw characteristics (see 7.3) were carried out, although they can be used to calculate the capacity at any higher relieving pressure. 8 Determination of pilot operated safety valve performance Refer te |SQ 4126-7, 9 Sizing of pilot operated safety valves Refer to 180 4126-7, 10 Marking and sealing 10.1 Marking 10.1.4 Marking on the shell of the main valve Marking on the shell of the main valve may be integral with the shell ar an a plate securely fixed an the shell. The follow ing minimum information shall be marked on all main valves. a) size designation (inlet), for example DN xxx; hy) material designation of the shell; ©) manufacturer's name or trademark; ) an arrow showing the direction of flow where the inlet and outlet connections have the same dimensions or the same pressure rating. 10.1.2 Marking on the pilot Marking on the pilot may be integral with the pilot or on 2 plate securely fixed.on the pilot. The following iinimurn information shall be marked on the body of each pilot: a) manufacturer's type reference; 5) set pressure in bar gauge or other internationally recognized unit; ©} identification af the various parts directly an the body:ISO 4126-4:2013(E) d) serial number or alternative coding to indicate year of manufacture, 10.1.3 Marking on an identification plate attached ta the main valve The follawing information shall be given on an identification plate securely fixed to the main valve: a) reference to this part of 150 4126, ie, 150 #126-4:2013; 1B) manufacturer's type reference: ¢) certified de-rated coefficient ofdischarge indicating reference fluick °G@' for gas, ~S* for steam and *L* for liquid; MOTE — The designation of the fluid can be placed either before or after the certilied darated enefficlent af discharge, 2. G-0,815. ) flow area, in square millimetres. or any other internationally recognized: mum value of the lift, in millimetres, or any other internationally recognized unit, and corresponding overpressure, expressed as, for example, a percentage of set pressure; f) serial number oralwernative coding to indicate year of manufacture, 10.2 Sealing of a pilot operated safety valve All external adjustments shall be sealed.150 4126-4:2013 (E) a [2] [3] [q [5] Bibliography 180.6708:1995, Pipework companents — Definition and selection of BN (nominal size) 180 7268, Pipe components — Definition of naminal pressure ANSI/ASME B 16.34, Valves — Flanged, threaded, ond welding end API 527, Seat tightness af pressure relief valves EN 12516 (all parts), industrial valves — Shell design strenach