Defamiliarization is a Russian Formalist concept adapted in by Bertolt Brecht and he called it an

alienation effect. This is used by dramatists mainly to make familiar aspects of the social reality seem
strange to prevent an emotional connection with the audience. Many dramas use this effect to
constantly remind the audience that this is a work of art and needs no emotional connection. The
technique involves breaking the fourth wall and talking to the audience. Using characters to remind us
about the drama, depiction of drama inside a drama. A director may take a script that has not been
written to alienate and introduce certain techniques, such as playing dialogue forward to remind the
audience that there is no fourth wall, or guiding the cast to act "in quotation marks". By creating stage
effects that were strange Brecht aimed to designate the audience an active role in the production by
forcing them to ask questions about the artificial environment and how each element related to real-life
events. In doing so, it was hoped that spectators would distance themselves emotionally from
difficulties that demanded intellectual solutions.