ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA AND

MAJOR CAUSES
AN OVERVIEW
 Indian Road Network

2nd Largest Road Network in the World

6.21 Million Kms

64% Movement of Goods & 90% Passenger Tfc

Largest Number of Road

Economic Growth Accidents Globally
 Aim
Present an Overview of
Road Accidents in India
and their Major Causes
Preview

Road Accidents in
India

Causes of Road
Accidents

Recommendations
ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA
 Road Accidents in India
Accidental Deaths in India Deaths Due to Road Accidents

4,13,457 4,09,537 3,89,441 4,04,933 4,12,959

38%

1,48,707 1,51,801 1,50,093 1,52,780 1,54,732 62%

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Accidental Deaths Due to Other Causes Deaths Due to Road Accidents Other Causes Road Accidents

• NCRB Data – Traffic Accidents Largest Cause of Accidental Deaths

• 85% Traffic Accident Deaths Due to Road Accidents
• Road Accident Deaths Constant Over 2015-2019. Range 36-38%
 Global Trends & India
3rd Leading Cause of Global Burden
of Disease

India – Highest No of Deaths & 2nd

Highest Accidents

Ranked Fourth for Deaths per Lakh

of Population

37461 20
3500000 4698 150785 3206 1604 15998 4292 63093 7300 3283 20
3000000 18
16 14
2500000
14 12
2000000 11 11
12 10
9
1500000 10 8
7
1000000 8 6
5 5 5 5 5
6 4 4 4
500000 3 3
4
0 2
0

Germany
USA
Iran

Indonesia

South Korea

Canada

Brazil
Morocco

Belgium
China

Austria
Japan
Russia

India

Italy

UK
France
Turkey

Chinese Taipei

Spain
No of Road Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries
 Road Accidents : Historical Trends
600

500

400

300

200 33% Deaths in 2019

27% Deaths in 2010
100

0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
13% Deaths in 1970
Road Accidents Deaths Injuries

• Sharp Increase upto 2010

• Stabilised over last 10 years
• Absolute numbers worrisome
• Increase in deaths as
percentage of total number of
accidents
 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

0
1970 1970
1980 1980
1990 1990
1994 1994
1995 1995
1996 1996
1997 1997
1998 1998
1999 1999
2000 2000
2001 2001
2002 2002
2003 2003

Road Accident Rate

Road Accident Risk
2004 2004
2005 2005
2006 2006
2007 2007
2008 2008
2009 2009
2010 2010
2011 2011
Road Death Risk

Road Death Rate

2012 2012
2013 2013
2014 2014
2015 2015
2016 2016
Upward Trend Based on Population Growth

2017 2017
Downward Trend Based on Increase in No of Vehs

2018 2018
2019 2019
Population & Vehicle Density
 Road Accidents in 2019
146133 150785 147913 151417 151113

600000 501423 500279 494624 470975 469418 451361

480652 464910 467044 449002
500000

400000

300000

200000

100000

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

150803 141464
160000

• Decline in No of Accidents 140000

120000
• Increase Fatalities 100000

• Implementation of MV Amdt
80000 49154
60000 46907

Act 2019 40000

20000

• Decline Sep-Dec 2019 vis-à- 0

September October November December Total Sep to

vis Sep-Dec 2018

Dec

Accidents 2018 Accidents 2019 Deaths 2018 Deaths 2019

 Injury Trends Due to Road Accidents
45

40 [SERIES NAME]

• Fatalities
Increase • Grievous Injuries 35

[SERIES NAME]

30

25

[SERIES NAME]

20

15

[SERIES NAME]
10

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Fatal Accidents Grievous Injury Accidents

Minor Injury Accidents Non-Injury Accidents
 Road Accidents & Type of Roads
100 94.96

90
• 2.03% NH
80
• 30.6% Accidents
• 35.7% Deaths
70

60
45.2 44.7
38.9

50
30.6 35.7
30.5

40 24.3 25.5 24.8

30

20

2.03 3.01
10

0
National Highways State Highways Other Roads

Road Length Road Accidents Deaths Injuries

 Type of Collisions & Type of Impacting Vehicles

1,00,000 Total • Hit & Run 19.5%

90,000
Accidents - 4,49,002
• Hit from Back 18%
80,000
70,000
Fatalities - 1,51,113 • Head On Collision 17.7%
Inuuries - 4,51,361
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Hit & Run With Hit from Hit from Run Off With Fixed Vehicle Head On Others
Parked Veh Back Side Road Object Overturn Collision

Accidents Fatalities Injuries

2
4
7 17 3
9

16
Two Wheelers
4 37

Pedestrian Bicycles Two Wheelers • 34% Impacted by Two Wheelers

Auto Rickshaws
Buses
LMVs
Other Non-Motorised Vehicles
Trucks/ Lorries
Others
• 22% Impacted by LMVs
 Age & Gender Profile of Accident Victims

6% 2% 7%
15%
22%

22%

26%

Less than 18 Years 18-25 Years 25-35 Years 35-45 Years

45-60 Years Above 60 Years Age Not Known

34194
35000
29078
27967 • 85-86% Male Victims
30000
• 25-35 Year 26%
25000

20000
19140 • 18-25 Year 22%
15000
8652
10000 4829 4542 7201
4128 3472 1803
2516 3087 504
5000

0
Less than 18 Years 18-25 Years 25-35 Years 35-45 Years 45-60 Years Above 60 Years Age not Known

Male Female
 Road Accidents : Top 15 States
70000
57228 Decline/ no change in accidents
60000 50665
42572 41111 40658
50000
32925
40000 23480 21992 21570
17046 11064 10158
30000 10007
13899
10944
20000

10000

Accidents in 2018 Accidents in 2019

22655
25000
Increase/ no change in deaths
20000
12788 10958 10525
11249 4525
15000 10563 6964
7984 7390 7205 5500 5333 5057 5003
10000

5000

Deaths in 2018 Deaths in 2019

 Road Accidents : Large Cities
120000 40

35
National
100000 Accident Severity

30
No of Accidents

80000

No of Injuries 25

Accident Severity

60000 20

Jabalpur, 3397
Chennai, 6871 15
Jaipur, 4271 40000

10
Bengaluru, 468 Delhi, 5610
4 No of Fatalities
20000
5

0 0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 Spatial & Inter-Temporal Distr of Road Accidents

3,00,000 2,84,753 45000

2,70,940 41490
41130 39706 39869
40000 36936
2,50,000 34096 37071
35000 37280 37777
36190 35398
30000 32059
2,00,000 1,78,062
1,66,608 25000

1,50,000 20000
13688 13587 14644
15000 11875 12504
1,01,398 10148 12660
1,00,000 10000 12577 13112 13983
10740 11595
49,715 5000
50,000
0

0
Urban Areas Rural Areas

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries Accidents Deaths

• 39% in Urban Areas – 33% Deaths

• 2019 - May, January, March
• 2015-2019 – May, June, March
 Time Interval & Road Accidents
86452
90000
78513
80000
66767 67823
70000
60000
49165 48370
50000
40000
30000 23573 25187

20000
10000 3352

• 19.3% accidents between 1800-2100

• 17.5% between 1500-1800
• Trend maint between 2015-19
• Least between 0000-0300
ROAD ACCIDENTS CAUSES
Major Factors Causing Road Accidents

Human Factors

Road Environment/
Features

Vehicular Factors
 Human Factors : Traffic Tule Violations

• 71% accidents due to overspeeding

• Lane Indiscipline next leading cause
• Increase from 2018
• Drunk driving, jumping traffic lights & use of
mobile phones – 6%
• 17-18% accidents due to other causes – Road
Environment, Vehicular Condition etc

3,50,000 3,26,850
3,19,028

3,00,000

2,50,000

2,00,000 1,01,723 77,169

10,564 24,628 4,006 8,144

1,50,000 28,122

1,00,000 5,325 9,201 1,797 4,945 78,322

50,000 24,431
12,256 4,443 10,522
0
Overspeeding Drunken Driving Lane Indiscipline Jumping Red Light Use of Mobile Others
Phone

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

 Human Factors : Non-Use of Safety Devices

• 43% of total fatalities 70,000 65551

• 30% for helmets and 14% for

seat belts 60,000

• Drivers and Passengers – LMV 14,518 44,666 11,323

25841

percentage of passengers
50,000

39710

higher 40,000

• Airbag deployment affected if 30,148

not wearing seat belt 30,000

20,885

• Callous attitude
20,000

9,562

10,000

0
Not Wearing Helmets Not Wearing Seat Total
Belts

No of Fatalities for Drivers No of Fatalities for Passengers Total

 Human Factors : Other Aspects

• Triple riding
• Distracted driving
• Negligent parking
• Not using pedestrian crossings
• Road rage
• Overloading/ overcrowding of
passenger vehicles
• Improper use of headlights
4,00,000 3,71,387 3,45,799

3,50,000 3,23,793 • 10% accidents with invalid license

3,00,000 • Increase of 18% over 2018 58,642
2,50,000 22,209 44,358
2,00,000
60,067
1,50,000 23,593 37,585

1,00,000
48,503
50,000 33,128
11,892
0
Valid Driving License Learner's License Without Valid License Others

2017 2018 2019

 Road Features & Junctions

3,50,000 400000
111385

3,00,000
2,93,992 Road Features 350000 Road Junctions 323504
• 66% on straight roads 300000 • 28% of all accidents
2,50,000

250000
• T Junctions highest
2,00,000
200000
1,50,000
150000

1,00,000 15608 7866 6769 8018 6765

100000
60,888
48,090 43864
50,000 50000
21046 23490 22098 15000
14,667 9,376 11,583
4,775 5,631
0 0
Straight Curved Bridges Culverts Potholes Steep Ongoing Others T Junction Y Junction Four Arm Staggered Roandabout Others
Road Road Gradient Works Junction Junction Junction

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

 Type of Tfc Control & Weather
100000 28727
92654
90000 Max accidents, deaths &
80000
70000
injuries on uncontrolled
60000 crossings
50000
40000
2839 3501 2439 2222
30000
20000
9719 10425
10000 6461 6239

0
Traffic Lights Police Controlled Stop Sign Flashing Signal Uncontrolled

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

68.7 75.2
80 73.6
70
60
• 73% accidents on clear days
50 • 16.4% on rainy/ foggy days
40 1.3
9.4 8.9 11.7
30
8.8 6.8 0.9 8.3
20 8.9 7.5 9.2
10 0.9
0
Sunny/ Rainy Foggy & Hail/ Sleet Others
Clear Misty

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

Vehicular Factors : Age & Overloading
1,80,000 48,979
1,62,900 23.5% accidents & 25%
1,55,573 39,515
1,60,000 deaths in vehs betn 10-15
1,40,000
1,22,251
1,27,490 & beyond 15 yrs
1,20,000 19,081 18,660 24,774
1,00,000
80,000 65,454
55,944 57,335 57,878
60,000 49,475 45,483

40,000
20,000
0
Less than 5 5-10 Years 10-15 Years 15 Years & Age not Known
Years Above

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

3,00,000 83,618 2,85,595

2,72,875
7.9% accidents due to
2,50,000 overloaded vehicles
14,320 53,175
2,00,000

1,40,549
1,50,000 1,28,874

1,00,000

50,000 35,578 36,892

0
Normally Loaded Overloaded Not Known

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

 Road Environment : Other Factors

• Neighbourhood environment
• Potholes
• Ongoing constr wks
• Speed breakers
• Poor lighting
• Sidewalks

2,50,000
78,905

2,00,000
• Max accidents & deaths in Open Areas 2,03,001

• Residential areas next

1,50,000
27,242 9,812 17,123 18,031

1,00,000 85,095
62,751 66,636

50,000 31,519

0
Residential Areas Institutional Areas Market/ Commercial Areas Open Areas Others

No of Accidents No of Deaths No of Injuries

RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations : Addressing Human Factors

BRO Units as Road Safety Awareness Hubs

Road Safety Awareness Campaigns

School/ College Programmes

Road Safety Cards

Demonstration of Adherence to Norms

Harnessing Social Media

Recommendations : Addressing Human Factors

Road Safety Marathon

Road Safety
Seminar by CoERSA

Road Safety Mela

Recommendations : Addressing Road Environment

Road Safety Provision of

Measures Lights

Weather Proof
Safety Mirrors
Roads

Signages &
Slogans
Recommendations : Addressing Road Environment

Road Avalanche/
Illumination Slide Protection

Revise Constr
Rest Shelters
Norms

Accident Audit