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    Anatomy and physiology of heart

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    Heart-1

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    Anatomy and physiology of heart

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    19 views13 pages

    Heart 1

    Uploaded by

    Hiba V.A
    Anatomy and physiology of heart

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13
    © scanned with OKEN Scanner 9 percardinm: Ses pericardin sthin. double: erous membrane ned by mesahlan, the fer yer or arial pevcardia te fe th the es peicaniam. The inner layer a the viscera areca alo hee The pericardial avis potential space between the pore pericardium and the vista peters Te contains only a thin fm of serous Bad whch Iubeates the apposed surfaces an allows the heat tobeat sooty : of eran rv cardiac Yess and nerves over hlfof the superior vena cara minal part ofthe inferior ena cava eminl parts ofthe pulmonary veins sueri fivas and parka pericardia are supplied by ranches eel thoracic asteres Marcuophrenic arteries, The devcending hora aorta Vans dain ito cortesponding wine ply rec eres bcs eres per order formed by the two ara Infor Border formed bythe ght vente Let um pa trce ‘eacnary i) Later CCHAPTER7 Heart and Cieulatory System 1g border for bythe ph ata *Leftbonlerormed bythe let ventice Surfoces © Serna sunface formed by the sgh atrium and the right ventileand par bythe et venti © Diapmatic surface forred many by the ef vesicle (2/3) and pty by the ight venice (13) ‘Apex ond Bose + Apexofthehcartsfrmedexhsvelyy theft venti This drei donwands to the left and is palpable in the left ith necontal space 9 em fom the midline ‘pecially afer unning ‘hc fthe her formed malay bythe ef atria and party bythe righ atrium (igs 722A an 8). The atria ate separated from the ventides by 2 circular stviovnricalr or oranary ules is overlapped anteriorly ty the ascending aorta and the pulmonary tronk. The snteratia groor uly able posteriny whe ately itis iden bythe ara snd pulmonary trek The anterior dnterrnrclar groove nat tothe let margin ofthe heat The neem the groove sepatts the ape rom theres of the inferior border ofthe hear. The pserir interventricular _7oe ie sitated on the diaphragmatic or inferior surface ihe hearts rene to the Pht margin Of he sorb The two interventricular grooves meet atthe inferior border fest these Relations of the Heart © Anteriory: Stemum, 2nd intercostal spaces of bat ies, Posteroely: Esophagus, descending thorale sorts and thoracic vertebrae Uh costal cartilages and ivjeue ‘80 Chaurasas Applied Anatomy and Physiology gs an pleura on ech ie 1 tnfertory: Central tendon of dope i hperery Aorta,plstnay trunk sperior 4 “The heat compe of lowing ier © Fpicardia; The visceral aye of serous pecerm © Myocariom: The mcuatue ofthe Bert whch of erying tikes dilrent chambers ‘+ Emlocardiamn: The smooth lining ofthe mye ‘This yo folded upon Ht form vais ae Glihe here. These cute unidirectional fw of ood ‘through the heat. arian Chambers of the Heart “The heat composed ffvo ari and wo vente THE Tg sam and ight ven e anerir vote et tt RET yeti The wo aia are did by an mera pm, Sir. the two vnices are abo divided it Barra eves hy the erventca septum. Each tht ha a smooth posterior surface and rough ati rt called the suc The sul ofthat resemblance foadogsear, ‘entices have much thicker wal let enol asthe thickest all of myocar 3 pump the lod othe whole bod Pps af exch ventric raked bythe musclar Wigs ale sabe cara. Some ae sal eleatons Wee rhe are ined papillary muscles to which re ein adnnon cords known a chord tendina. Thee nr ends ace atached to cuss ofthe ies ales (Fig. 73) than the atria The situs 0 seartay —[ ‘at puma veins Romar umanay seminar ve “Toes ave gr vere rear venaar Papa muse Crore trneae for BSc Nursing Students sight air Fitment ign we ight bord prt hh ara part the sernocostl rice Feature super end prolonged to resemblance 3 dogs et mi trig border hr a shallow om cern entendig from sever 8 aa ein eke, Oppose 0 thi ok ee ar nts ere ge of eat mde he at igor rt eas arpa ena Tese pss dows oes Pepe extending into te aut Fore 9 ela the ure a trrangement. Ee avenues «CaM go ventric and lodges the igh aie vein ery and sal openings inthe ight Atrium ‘entry Serie venacv nfo vena ca See ac cos miniae and attic adc ‘Oreste Rah atrivenrcul nice This ead onfce whichallows venous boda irom ig tian toward ight venti Interior of Right Atm ooh anterior part including the serie Tipu ros petnat and network arrangement inte South posterior part where eney Saperioevenacav opens inthe uper par. © scanned with OKEN Scanner —_——" CHAPTER? Heart and Circulatory System over conenar ius Betwcen opening of nor Features 5s: Anterior po AV or vente cord mnie openby sternal the ght verve has to races: A ir ets ‘terme dapat Te er wal the feral set all 1 presents a art tere pu ' bec a rl andr mag (AC ce of oval Hetweeh upper pat of Fossa vals ant imine arma toned rem ae 2 ‘Thao in ama a val brig fale peice fe he eo ee pei epabsoit utes hg ao ly wn prt ate spate bya cre cle the tnrecal eke geese Sar es oct inthe per uss temina while sales ce and palnay ones skye Be opningeterecrs ©The neo portion shows two oie: Sune cng Tisse 1." Therighatoventialaroriricplofice guarded thetrcupd ave penis fem branche of righ coronary ary Ven, Memes noth coronary snus The eum 7s air of baler te Cerca musa les owing pe: sechaetnta canyon ann grains te tome ro wcty'o na pth fmol te igh vee {Piles ppier met wi one TE Te ef atrium forms the ef two-thirds ofthe base of Peeper | Deere rece rien science et lad sacs an thle oe Thee thc ply muds nthe eh Wee Rese eee eg hii ee a ee Renate es cmactetions ine the rece Seeman nile vinke (oe Te mer ob Beye abcoticsent ase link ples Eachpapiary muclesatached yee ‘ Lotheconipmaradesofteo cap The separ tbe of moderator band bs a imc xening fom the vente sepag heats dows ean Te ae Ret ig fer een ei vallieanun nbemedbythmcaralnaan Nt of enn pp Pieeiimametesimmehate Tremors hee te ae Reena sCAwhn Tepeamnaot ae 4 he betel Ca ee Selsocatheatin ssn wiley wuss St ae ‘ped inal ‘The aloft right yen letwencein talost i Left Ventre The posterior surface ofthe atrium forms the anterior fs ther than that ofthe ht vent a trangular chamber whch receives ood the right atrium and pumps itt the hung through the ay trunk and pulmonary arteries. I forms the inferioe Ber anda lage part ofthe ternocoa surface the ear © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner 0 1 irs of wales in heat, a palr of orp of seminer vires secre tr wcwpld es vie cient, pro en sepa fret aes Known at he pd ‘aa At has two cusps—a large anterior cusp and a mor cusp. Its abo called the mitral vale. The Beaatihe tro cps we cnnected ta one popary Mor th choir enna. ic atm es pscrouprio tthe ef vet bent rae placed sno vera Feuer ves ncde We aor nd pulmonary ah ring hee sonar csp. The cue ae enn, gh! at oa r=righ and ef corp. Pulmonary valves comprise Fett and two steer ups of Heart ious and parietal percardaaresupledby the phrenic They are sensiive to pain The epardiam isappled egomic nerves the hear and isnot senate to pan of pecards originates inthe pital pericardium (nthe ether hand, cardiac pain or angina pectoris tes inthe cardiac muscle rin the vessels ofthe hea, Inflenc of autonomic nerves The vagal eves sen theSA node AVnodeandatral mace Pararympattic imalation decreases the heat rae by incre he activ ofA node, decreases the conduction veloc of Ample though the AV node and decreases the fone of coaracton of atrial muscle fibers. Smpathcticsimoltion increases the heat rate by Inencing the activity of SA ode intestine speed ot Impulse increases in heart ateand force of contraction ‘Skeleton of Heart ius rings round AV and both at some adjoining meso ibrous us seleton of the heat. and keeps the cardiac vals con Ariel 1 The atria the ventric ‘ibrous ings ae in les andthe me se atached to otiuty between the ati a ings cet for ir ind and aot AV bundle of His, teil orifices, along sue consite the tprorides tachment to atdie ent (Fig 75), the form of figure rembranous part of them. There is no nl ventricles across CHAPTER 7 Heart and Circulatory System fet tac watien ery c own at — oon coronary ery lara | eee a oem rom wn | Tignes | “Fag 7 Fur seston at heat Musculature of the Heart - Cardiac muscle fibers form long loops which are attached 10 the bros skeleton. Upon contraction ofthe muscular loops, the blond from the cardiac chambers is wrung out lke water fiom a wet cloth The atrial bers are arranged in a superficial transverse yer anda deep anteroposterior (vertical layer. The venniculr fibers are atanged in superficial and deep layers. The superficial fibers arise from skeleton of the heart to undergo a spiral course. Fits these pass actoss the Inferior surface wind round the lower border and then across the ternocotl surface to reach the apex of hear, where these Aer form a yoriex and continue with the dep layer: Deep fibers are 'S' shaped. These arise from papillary ‘muscle of one ventricle, turn in interventricular groove, fy

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