2023.7.

3 浙大人类学讲座

Early Anthropoligists: holistic: take everything into account of a culture, including language.
Society, language, and culture
Hard vs soft verbs: to ask and to demand: polite speech and impolite speech.
Persuasive speech and propositional language, direct speech.

Propositional speech: a polite greeting+real purpose

Phaticunion
Diglossia
French stream and Germanic stream of English.

Code-switching

Examples: Boas, Sapir, Malinowski

The Swahili language: An East African language still expanding its presence and keeps expanding
to other parts of the world. Despite the existence of French colonials, it still thrives. Many
minority languages appear to decline.

Kenya: a new type of language, Sheng (Swahili, English, and other languages).

These are resilience of minority languages which survive the colonial languages such as French
and English.
Greetings, small talks, seem to be unimportant. However, represent something else.

Businessmen: Americans prefer to be directly talk about products; Chinese treat Americans not
as clients but guests by asking how they find China and are they having fun here.

Language game: 6 men of different ethnic groups: speaking English and Swahili.
 Language Priority/ speech hirerachy
Vous vs Tu
Comment allez-vous? vs comment va-tu?
Laboof, social linguistics