Qt @ (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Review Exercise 3} Multiple choice Questions. Choose of the correct answer. If a’ =n, then... (a) a=log.n (b) x=log,a (©) x=log,n (d) a=log, x The relation y=log:x implies... (a) x2 (b) 2x (oe) ry (d) yx The logarithm of unity to any base is... (a) 1 (b) 10 (Je (dy 0 The logarithm of any number to itself as base is... (a) 1 (b) 0 (oe (d) 10 Log e=...,where e= 2.718 (a)0 (b) 0.4343 (he (d)1 The value of log) 2 a) log (a)log p-logg ae logq (clog p + log q (d) logg -log p Log p-log q is same as... red a) (a) log) £ (b) los(p—) \P) c) BP (a) log q—log p Tog Log(m") can be written as... (a) (logm)” (b) mlogn (©) nlog m (d) log (an)(x) (&) log, axlog. b can be written as... (a) loge (b) log.a (¢) logab (d) logic Logyx will be equal to... (ay 1982 (by (Ouse log, 2 log, 2 Complete the following: For common logarithm, the base is. The integral part of the common logarithm of a number is called the The decimal part of the common logarithm of a number is called the If x = log y, then y is called the... of x. If the characteristic of the logarithm of a number have...zero(s) immediately after the decimal point If the characteristic of the logarithm of a number is 1, that number will have digits in its integral part. ANSWER KEY 10 | Characteristic | Mantissa | Antilogarithm | One | Find the value of x in the following. ine xy=4 log, x=5 v=4 Ans Solution: log, x= 5 Write in exponential form. log, 256 =x Write in exponential form 1 Solution: log, 256 = x (625) =5 Write in exponential form(iv) Q4 (i) 5*=5 x= Ans 2 log, = Find the value of x in the following. log x = 2.4543 Solution: log x= 2.4543 log x = 2.4543 x= antilog 2.4543 Ch=2 x= 284.6 Ans log x = 0.1821 Solution: log x = 0.1821 log x = 0.1821 x= antilog 0.1821 ch=0 x= 1.521 Ans log x = 0.0044 Solution: log x = 0.0044 log x = 0.0044 x =antilog 0.0044 (iv) (i) (i) Ch=0 x=1.010 Ans log. x =1.6238 Solution: log x = 16238 log x = 1.6238 x= antilog16333 Ch=T 2 = 0.4206 Ans If log2=0.3010, log3=0.4771, and log5= 0.6990 then find the values of the following. log 45 Solution: log 45 =log(9x5) =log(3° x5) =log3* +log5 =2log3+logis =2(0.4771) +0.6990 = 0.9542 40.6990 = 1.6532 Ans log 8 1S Solution: log!® 15 = log 3x5 =log2* -log(3x5) = 4log2—(log3+log5) =log2* —log3 log = dlog 2 —log 3— log 5 = 4(0.3010)-0.4771- 0.6990 =1.2040—0.4771 0.6990 = 0.0279 Ans(iii) log 0.048 Solution: log 0.048 =log 1000 2x2x2x 2x3 = log 2x2x2x5x5%5 = log 23 T Bx =log 2‘ +1og3—log 2° -logS* = 4log 2+log3 ~3log2—3log5 = 4(0.3010) + 0.4771-3(0.3010)~3(0.6990) = 1.2040 +0.4771 -0.9030-2.0970 =-1.3189 =-1-0.3189 =-1-1+1-03189 =-24+0.6811 = 2.6811 Ans Q.6 Simplify the following. (i) 25.47 Solution: 25.47 Let x = 25.74 \ =(25.47)5 Taking log on both sides logx =log(25.47)) = h0g25.47 3 1 =~(1.4060 *(1.4060) log.x = 0.4687 x= anti log 0.4687 Ch=0 x= 2.943 Ans (i) 342.2 Solution: 342.2 Let 4342.2 (iii) log x= log 1 x= (242. Taking log on both sides logy = (342.2)5 logx=1og342.2 5 = 1 2. 5 (2.5343) log x = 0.5069 log x = antilog 0.5069 ch=0 x=3.213 Ans (8.97) «(3.98)° V1537 (8.97) (3.95) 15.37 _ (8.97) x(3.95)° Vi537 Taking log on both sides (8.97) x(3.98)° VIS37 Solution: Let x =log(8.97)° +log (3.95) —log (15 37)3 =3log8.97 +2log 3. 95—Flogls 37 =3(0.9528) + 2(0. 5966)-+(I 1867) = 2.8584+1,1932-0.3956 log x = 3.656 x= antilog 3.656 Ch=3 x= 4529 Ansi Notatioi A number written in the form @«10", where 1 < a <10and 77 is an integer, is called the scientific notation Logarithm of a Real Number: If a = ythey xis called the logarithm of y to the base ‘a’ and is written as log, y= , where a>0,a¥land y>0 teristic of loga ‘ithm of the Number: An integral part which is positive for a number greater than | and negative for a number less than 1, is called the characteristic of logarithm of the number. Mantissa of the logarithm of the Number: A decimal part which is always positive, is called the mantissa of the logarithm of the number. Antilogarithm: ‘The number whose logarithm is given is called antilogarithm