3b number Re ae shes numcer date Tan) | ‘www.ramboll.co.uke fg 48@ Notes + ected Project Biren of a port m a commun cam be Fepreseuted a> a fentor, Gn le, Se 6, Ty Te Codey streys fernser Gi ee ee len de Tey 6 Ee Ge Sy Gk Te Be & Proneipal Shresses are tha Eigenvales of the Cauchy Stress, tensor th cll thm 6 6, & There ore awoller set of variants , yprolly calleol te Slrems vation Be fe(6) = Gres (He trace of the couch reas tensor) T= GG + Ey HE, T,: det(6) = 66,6, Stem sloks Q fanlure surfaces ate after teprerentad prmerpal stress space, oo 3D Space where “ Ha axes ore each of tha principal ghresseg: fs nares vote that We Ime pysP2=Py ss flen called the hudeotbahe Ghrery Imo, 8 it comespondls to tha stress impatec! by Flaiol — pressuue loadg, Ths 18 the stress that leads Solely te yolune chanse , nok dnlorin, Tre stress tensor can be thaught of a» made up of a hydroshahe compononk amd a dlesiaforie. edmponeht ( tte shear part, Hat dulorts Homd).sob rmber Gr-x-fa8 Sheet umber 2. bas Yan "TF www.ramboll.co.uk im Ace Project __ NOTES = IE cam be useful fo comove Pin eet componenl of a Stress Mele fe create 3 demakoy Peas who | fame ERS, $+6- 78 $49 te tout We hydeostele duechor, [ ore O04 Ta stress dlevigloy fensoy then hos ‘nvationty: T 20 T= EL (6-6 + (Ge (G5 -6F] = S4*-7 Tele h edt ay bb amefler a Hhaabivey about this, past s thot this on alesralie? "Eee 7 sho J esenanty te y52,Tr 7 Pooler got of mvarinnly ate sometimes wae! (ser chen, 1982) , 5.0, 8 where Sere He tmannitudle off the byfroshahe component, © is the magnitude of vie dono counpouonh , onl 6 0 tle otiertotian of the deviatoric Component about the hudroslatic Componenh Sat = aa f 52 EGGS) p= faa, = JEL rey + (665 6 (6-6) ] 3 OO. i oo (8) 2 ah & 9 Frown 05 te lode angle where 6:0” F 3,23. 8, and @= 60 when: 6 =o ob 35 P.O we brown os Fhigh Wesergoard co-craholesJob number ae ‘Sheet oumber date Tana 9 ‘www.ramboll.co.uk fo Age Project __NoTeS :- Checkes k's worth noting that @ 8 He Same thing 2s the Mon Mies sites, eR % 0 the Gare 0 ld teow thers Se Ts is a useful set of mvotiauk , as tle majonhy of to useol — failure Surfaces hove flafioual syumolr tas ate slike Tine oie fell Wileeot) wet te ie _ ; as oa oe ee ese I ee gE which the material yrelds, ey Von Mises ypeleo! Griketion ey oe. u te fe = 64 +0 pete ia fou the yeld criterion €), — Deickow - Prager ye cnitenou fh é . f: + Pm - = ) ’ | s A P : Ss P Willan -Warke ysl CHlerion +- similar fe Drucker Page, but with a soma AMfference behueen feuston -Fensior ano! femsion - compression ( ve vaaialior wilt lode augle)2b umber Fae ‘Sheet number 4 bate Tan | IF ‘www.ramboll.co.uk ig AER projece _NereS = ae Yield plaves are flew roprererted mn 2D space in a varieley of wane, For example, omg Dreher Prager fo illustrole Pa r O i > icon > § Gechion om Pi Pr plove sechor on denatetic plus sechor on mendional (Gu constant) ploue (O ousteut)Job number Ere sae Sete pete TA ‘iF ‘www.ramboll.co.uk mo AER heckes Project _NISTES Once te stress Shak pmses though the sold grlerion then we shift Frew. {ooking at U tha yield fancho. , f look” at plastic (flaw ~ potential . (thal (but haven’ moo) that those an ipo ential a ane fined) talerat” plsiealy™ 4 Those ‘con bo plotted im “principal sheac space in He same thal "ume Ad a le ela Ff ton, fn for eaxumple , ‘he “9 yjelol funchon for fhe Y Ver Mies” siel criterion” was: 6 fe eS Now thot te waterial model that we ase matin he» thay Palin ck id very sular plashe potential aH) anes & Thaw will be a, Cylinders wu principal Stress space, sala , fo te. yer driterion : well 3° When He plate polentiak ore Bet. similay 46 tte yield Fauction tay Krom aa an assecative flow rule. 'f thas differ this 1S nou-associaling, hb where the plastic potentials expand out from the yeldl orterion the moderial is Strain hardenimo,, % the stress can lncrepte over the yleld stress... Fer he plasheity He plotlie potentials all =} % Ke ow te Same ent a as eee aa Leet tas ete /" a oe Pe SE é 3Job number Gyr sae ‘Sheet umber pate JAN AF | wunw.ramboll.co.uk oo AER Notes = Project San we were to foke a Dhicher - Pra eld criterion wal au assdciotiye Flom tule + oY Ih tension , te mereass ao nent 9 ae ae ne plaice He plastic Shain ferger £p ws ditecteo! perpendicular 'e tha plaste polentiak. Because these ore conical, He plaste sta. denser 9 Hen portly voluuetic & portly dustorhoual: As you~mcrease By, He stuff will fond to expand ! This 3 Souctimer tle case for Soils, 04 te Sal porheals can’ roll up, over each olher : e tiff ; as the Sel distorts, 1 will ale Ta Howsher, assuatng atecalviky il Oruchor~ Aga Wy ovet- estimates See so msieao! ® wou associoter Flag ‘ules are used. For example , we could we a fle tule that mates the plastic potentials “conical, but wilh a different angle te He pela! enterion, ie yyelot crilerion f: + Po. - 64 io © fino tale G> & » Spey BIS Ale 3 5 called the dlilatucy pommel, as it alfecks haw much volume chauge you gek- When up distort (shear) te moter!ae | RAMBOLL Sheet number 6 poe TAN “1 vv ramboll. cos oe AER Project _NISIES > for mot ualenals woe wil be mlerenter! vi, the dlrecton of Mi! Het strain tensor, €° wil bo perpendicwloy fo te plaste 1", polewhals , se. Msunee! | wtaioua) . 2 where 3 a Scalor function “ehls™ | d's dy # ae ice roto Of couse, for associative flow niles w deted : * ry fit for Lookma of {his tn principal stress spam fells us some inferesh relly, Hai) For erample, for Now Mises oe vail aun aicdanes fies! nile, tho direclion of the plasti® Shan temof will alroaus be on the deviatoric plane: aes) ose apelin no, pare tension aA 8 ae Moreas “thy 1a metal wilh Y03, then ad) you Shain it elastically tho anofal will “change volune - HO imeteases in volume , Howevev, ote, it kecones plastic, fle strain tensor © mM the devtolorie plane ~ hore no chauge im Volemedrie strain + only distortion * space, we com Split the Strom stele. we 2 components, hike we did with pteoss : Tho. port slong, He poll. €.=€.=6, is the Volumetric Shain, tho ouroun lh ‘te thing expeuds or caacts The port wens te Hs se 4 thy is adhually hal hogpons wil dishorhow » thing Shao Jelals, whore! plastic, cousigls 0 wilh = Imoving) Aslecatons about,Jeb umber GE AaS ‘sheet number Q ate Tay! IF wwnw.ramboll.co.uk jo mg AER Project __Notes:- ete Looking gt thus iw principal stress space : ® A Looking closely at 4 -sechion on He Merdonal ploue : ay Po wha the dlaloney parorels 3-4 3: Es ps, > which © He associglive, Coxe, where to [ Rw E" w perpendiwlow fo te pel surface, overeahocshng tle volumelric strain. 5 simile vere the dilalaney poroncter 5-0, te plastic polenbul, ) Se wich 5 Gaylindneol, so thak Ho plashe SA tila eda den Ten THe terion plano > 7 no valwelric Shain eccurt, suly dlenaterc. {" 2 yee — g-°2b amber Et fa8 sent number 4 www.ramboll.co.uk bate ARI IF ty AES project __ NOTES ‘Checked It vou doke a material mto yield, then unload! then relorol, then for ~ some pene: have 2 jake it beypnd the chess before uuslood iF elds Goan, Leola wk thy for uniaxial shess —) wy aaron Space Y In weld the material we hove shifled the yee Sena from Sp fo Oy. Trak obaut what has happenec! in principal stress space : 03 om example, arwider a woleral will 2 Vow Mies yelol criterion yep our dow, Hap, ans + we poss threudh Gy & The waleno! bens to yeld. The ye criteron it pusheot with v5. fo Gy = we nloatel back to the orig 4 ve loo aut abs 9, + He wolerial bogus te wyelal agains once we pass ys However what wowll happen sf we leaded al up bby, thon unloaded and then foadkeo’ the wolerdl in a differs} aris oe unload ; : GO + a ths bsob ruber Gr a5 Sheet number 10 pate APRIL TF www.ramboll.co.uk fg AER project _ NOTES :- ca hw prmcipal hres, spose we we gpmg: Pe Whok wer wont fe know is how the yet cnilerioy changes ay yell Occurs, Tow commen model (xy bow te weld crifetton chauges are Kinewahe he Rardesia, omdl ibofrepc, " batdeniy Ih tochopie hardening, he ye ciHerion expandls out frown the hydlos! stake Ime ; 8 An adolroual paramolev old yclal addled to tha velo! fumolon . enters Fov cxanple for He Vor Mites fasrchon : J new yelol CW VG ae Ne “y ‘ pi la kivennahic baal the shape + the yeld enilerion sloes rol choup , but the cies places pvheiga! atress Space: An addihova! puawoley » addeot ad yl to Na weld fuwclien . For eaaryfe, centerion for the Von Misos fins (6-0 X ielot eee 1 “idios Pte s) tasty A eambvahin of How fan type of ordeving cov be vse