Excel provides a number of formulas that you can use to work with dates and times.

Here are some

common date and time formulas in Excel, along with examples of how they work:

NOW: This formula returns the current date and time. For example, if you enter the formula =NOW() in
a cell, it will display the current date and time, updating automatically whenever the worksheet is
recalculated.

TODAY: This formula returns the current date. For example, if you enter the formula =TODAY() in a cell,
it will display the current date, updating automatically whenever the worksheet is recalculated.

DATE: This formula allows you to create a date by specifying the year, month, and day. For example, if
you want to create a date for January 1, 2021, you can use the formula =DATE(2021,1,1) to display the
date in the cell where the formula is entered.

TIME: This formula allows you to create a time by specifying the hour, minute, and second. For example,
if you want to create a time for 3:00 PM, you can use the formula =TIME(15,0,0) to display the time in
the cell where the formula is entered.

EDATE: This formula allows you to add or subtract a specified number of months to a date. For example,
if you have a date in cell B2 and you want to add 3 months to it, you can use the formula =EDATE(B2,3)
to display the resulting date in the cell where the formula is entered.

NETWORKDAYS: This formula calculates the number of workdays between two dates, excluding
weekends and any holidays that you specify. For example, if you have a start date in cell B2 and an end
date in cell B3, you can use the formula =NETWORKDAYS(B2,B3) to calculate the number of workdays
between the two dates and display the result in the cell where the formula is entered.

These are just a few examples of the many different date and time formulas that you can use in Excel. I
hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.

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SUM: This formula adds up a range of cells. For example, if cells A1 through A5 contain the numbers 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5, the formula =SUM(A1:A5) would return the result 15.

AVERAGE: This formula calculates the average of a range of cells. For example, if cells A1 through A5
contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A5) would return the result 3.
MAX: This formula returns the largest value in a range of cells. For example, if cells A1 through A5
contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the formula =MAX(A1:A5) would return the result 5.

MIN: This formula returns the smallest value in a range of cells. For example, if cells A1 through A5
contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the formula =MIN(A1:A5) would return the result 1.

COUNT: This formula counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers. For example, if cells
A1 through A5 contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the formula =COUNT(A1:A5) would return the
result 5.

IF: This formula performs a logical test and returns one value if the test evaluates to true and another
value if the test evaluates to false. For example, the formula =IF(A1>A2, "A1 is greater", "A2 is greater")
would compare the values in cells A1 and A2 and return "A1 is greater" if the value in A1 is larger, or "A2
is greater" if the value in A2 is larger.

PMT: This formula calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant
interest rate. For example, the formula =PMT(A1,A2,A3) would calculate the payment for a loan with an
annual interest rate in cell A1, a number of total payments in cell A2, and a loan amount in cell A3.

FV: This formula calculates the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and
a constant interest rate. For example, the formula =FV(A1,A2,A3,A4) would calculate the future value of
an investment with an annual interest rate in cell A1, a number of periods in cell A2, a payment amount
per period in cell A3, and a present value in cell A4.

PV: This formula calculates the present value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments
and a constant interest rate. For example, the formula =PV(A1,A2,A3,A4) would calculate the present
value of an investment with an annual interest rate in cell A1, a number of periods in cell A2, a payment
amount per period in cell A3, and a future value in cell A4.

NPER: This formula calculates the number of periods for an investment based on periodic, constant
payments and a constant interest rate. For example, the formula =NPER(A1,A2,A3,A4) would calculate
the number of periods for an investment with an annual interest rate in cell A1, a payment amount per
period in cell A2, a present value in cell A3, and a future value in cell A4.

RATE: This formula calculates the interest rate

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VLOOKUP: This formula can be used to search for a specific value in a column and return a
corresponding value from a different column. For example, you could use VLOOKUP to search for a
specific product in a product list and return its price.

HLOOKUP: This formula is similar to VLOOKUP, but searches for a value in a row instead of a column. For
example, you could use HLOOKUP to search for a specific employee in a list of employees and return
their salary.
INDEX: This formula can be used to return the value of a cell in a specific row and column of a table. For
example, you could use INDEX to return the value of the cell in the 3rd row and 4th column of a table.

MATCH: This formula can be used to search for a specific value in a range of cells and return the relative
position of that value within the range. For example, you could use MATCH to search for a specific
product in a list of products and return its position in the list.

OFFSET: This formula can be used to return a range of cells that is a specified number of rows and
columns away from a starting cell. For example, you could use OFFSET to return a range of cells that is 2
rows below and 3 columns to the right of a starting cell.

ADDRESS: This formula can be used to return the cell address of a cell that is a specified number of rows
and columns away from a starting cell. For example, you could use ADDRESS to return the cell address of
the cell that is 2 rows below and 3 columns to the right of a starting cell.

INDIRECT: This formula can be used to return a reference to a cell or range of cells that is specified by a
string containing the cell or range address. For example, you could use INDIRECT to return a reference to
the cell at the address "A1", or to the range of cells from "A1" to "C3".

ROW: This formula can be used to return the row number of a cell. For example, you could use ROW to
return the row number of a cell that contains a specific value.

COLUMN: This formula can be used to return the column number of a cell. For example, you could use
COLUMN to return the column number of a cell that contains a specific value.

ROWS: This formula can be used to return the number of rows in a range of cells. For example, you
could use ROWS to return the number of rows in a table of data.

COLUMNS: This formula can be used to return the number of columns in a range of cells. For example,
you could use COLUMNS to return the number of columns in a table of data.

LOOKUP: This formula can be used to search for a value in a range of cells and return a corresponding
value from another range of cells. For example, you could use LOOKUP to search for a specific product in
a list of products and return its price from a separate list of prices.
HLOOKUP: This formula is similar to VLOOKUP, but searches for a value in a row instead of a column. For
example, you could use HLOOKUP to search for a specific employee in a list of employees and return
their salary

********************************************************************

VLOOKUP: This formula looks up a value in the leftmost column of a table and returns the corresponding
value in a specified column. Example: VLOOKUP(A2, A1:B6, 2, FALSE) - This formula will look up the value
in cell A2 in the leftmost column of the table in the range A1:B6 and return the corresponding value in
the second column of the table.

HLOOKUP: This formula is similar to VLOOKUP but it looks up a value in the top row of a table and
returns the corresponding value in a specified row. Example: HLOOKUP(B1, A1:D1, 3, FALSE) - This
formula will look up the value in cell B1 in the top row of the table in the range A1:D1 and return the
corresponding value in the third row of the table.

MATCH: This formula looks up a value in a specified range and returns its relative position within that
range. Example: MATCH(B2, A1:A6, 0) - This formula will look up the value in cell B2 in the range A1:A6
and return its relative position within that range.

INDEX: This formula returns a value from a specified range based on a given row and column number.
Example: INDEX(A1:B6, 3, 2) - This formula will return the value in the third row and second column of
the range A1:B6.

OFFSET: This formula returns a reference to a range that is a specified number of rows and columns
from a given reference. Example: OFFSET(A1, 2, 3, 2, 2) - This formula will return a reference to a range
that is two rows below and three columns to the right of the cell A1, with a height of 2 rows and a width
of 2 columns.

ROW: This formula returns the row number of a specified cell. Example: ROW(A1) - This formula will
return the row number of cell A1, which is 1.

COLUMN: This formula returns the column number of a specified cell. Example: COLUMN(A1) - This
formula will return the column number of cell A1, which is 1.
INDIRECT: This formula returns a reference to a range based on a string that contains the reference.
Example: INDIRECT("A1:B6") - This formula will return a reference to the range A1:B6.

ADDRESS: This formula returns a cell address as a string based on a given row and column number.
Example: ADDRESS(2, 3) - This formula will return the address of the cell in the second row and third
column, which is "C2".

ROWS: This formula returns the number of rows in a specified range. Example: ROWS(A1:B6) - This
formula will return the number of rows in the range A1:B6, which is 6.

COLUMNS: This formula returns the number of columns in a specified range. Example: COLUMNS(A1:B6)
- This formula will return the number of columns in the range A1:B6, which is 2.

AREAS: This formula returns the number of areas in a specified range. Example: AREAS(A1:B6) - This
formula will return the number of areas in the range A1:B6,

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AVERAGE - calculates the average of a set of numbers. Example: =AVERAGE(1,2,3,4,5) would return 3.

MEDIAN - calculates the median of a set of numbers. Example: =MEDIAN(1,2,3,4,5) would return 3.

MODE - calculates the mode of a set of numbers. Example: =MODE(1,1,2,3,4,5) would return 1.

SUM - calculates the sum of a set of numbers. Example: =SUM(1,2,3,4,5) would return 15.

STDEV - calculates the standard deviation of a set of numbers. Example: =STDEV(1,2,3,4,5) would return
1.5811.

VAR - calculates the variance of a set of numbers. Example: =VAR(1,2,3,4,5) would return 2.5.

MIN - calculates the minimum value in a set of numbers. Example: =MIN(1,2,3,4,5) would return 1.

MAX - calculates the maximum value in a set of numbers. Example: =MAX(1,2,3,4,5) would return 5.

COUNT - counts the number of cells that contain numbers in a range. Example: =COUNT(1,2,3,4,5)
would return 5.

COUNTIF - counts the number of cells that meet a specified criterion. Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">5")
would count the number of cells in the range A1:A10 that have a value greater than 5.

SUMIF - sums the values in a range that meet a specified criterion. Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5")
would sum the values in the range A1:A10 that are greater than 5.

CORREL - calculates the correlation coefficient between two sets of numbers. Example:
=CORREL(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) would return 0.99.
SLOPE - calculates the slope of the linear regression line. Example: =SLOPE(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) would
return 0.9.

INTERCEPT - calculates the y-intercept of the linear regression line. Example:

=INTERCEPT(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) would return 0.5.

LINEST - calculates the parameters of a linear regression line. Example: =LINEST(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)

would return the slope, y-intercept, and other parameters of the regression line.

STEYX - calculates the standard error of the y-estimate for a linear regression line. Example:
=STEYX(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) would return the standard error of the y-estimate.

LOGEST - calculates the parameters of an exponential regression model. Example:

=LOGEST(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) would return the parameters of an exponential regression model fitted to
the data.

FORECAST - predicts a future value based on

*****************************************************

AVERAGE: This formula calculates the average value of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5,
10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A4) would
return the average value of 12.5.

MEDIAN: This formula calculates the median value of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5,
10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =MEDIAN(A1:A4) would
return the median value of 15.

MODE: This formula calculates the mode value of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5, 10,
10, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =MODE(A1:A4) would
return the mode value of 10.

MAX: This formula calculates the maximum value of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5,
10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =MAX(A1:A4) would
return the maximum value of 20.

MIN: This formula calculates the minimum value of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5, 10,
15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =MIN(A1:A4) would return
the minimum value of 5.
COUNT: This formula counts the number of cells in a range that contain numerical values. For example,
if the numbers 5, 10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula
=COUNT(A1:A4) would return the value of 4.

COUNTIF: This formula counts the number of cells in a range that meet a specific criterion. For example,
if the numbers 5, 10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula
=COUNTIF(A1:A4,">10") would return the value of 2, as only two of the cells (A3 and A4) contain values
that are greater than 10.

SUM: This formula adds the values of a range of cells. For example, if the numbers 5, 10, 15, and 20 are
entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =SUM(A1:A4) would return the sum of 50.

SUMIF: This formula adds the values of a range of cells that meet a specific criterion. For example, if the
numbers 5, 10, 15, and 20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula
=SUMIF(A1:A4,">10") would return the sum of 35, as only the values in cells A3 and A4 are greater than
10.

VAR: This formula calculates the variance of a set of numbers. For example, if the numbers 5, 10, 15, and
20 are entered in cells A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively, the formula =VAR(A1:A4) would return the
variance of 62.5

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AVERAGE: calculates the average of a range of cells. Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)

MEDIAN: calculates the median value of a range of cells. Example: =MEDIAN(A1:A10)

MODE: calculates the mode of a range of cells. Example: =MODE(A1:A10)

COUNT: counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers. Example: =COUNT(A1:A10)

SUM: calculates the sum of a range of cells. Example: =SUM(A1:A10)

MIN: calculates the minimum value of a range of cells. Example: =MIN(A1:A10)

MAX: calculates the maximum value of a range of cells. Example: =MAX(A1:A10)

STDEV: calculates the standard deviation of a range of cells. Example: =STDEV(A1:A10)

VAR: calculates the variance of a range of cells. Example: =VAR(A1:A10)

PERCENTILE: calculates the specified percentile of a range of cells. Example: =PERCENTILE(A1:A10, 0.5)

PERCENTRANK: calculates the percentile rank of a value in a range of cells. Example:

=PERCENTRANK(A1:A10, 50)

CORREL: calculates the correlation coefficient of two ranges of cells. Example: =CORREL(A1:A10, B1:B10)

COVAR: calculates the covariance of two ranges of cells. Example: =COVAR(A1:A10, B1:B10)

SLOPE: calculates the slope of the linear regression line of two ranges of cells. Example: =SLOPE(A1:A10,
B1:B10)

INTERCEPT: calculates the y-intercept of the linear regression line of two ranges of cells. Example:
=INTERCEPT(A1:A10, B1:B10)

R2: calculates the coefficient of determination of the linear regression line of two ranges of cells.
Example: =R2(A1:A10, B1:B10)

STEYX: calculates the standard error of the predicted y-values for the linear regression line of two ranges
of cells. Example: =STEYX(A1:A10, B1:B10)

FORECAST: predicts the y-value for a given x-value on the linear regression line of two ranges of cells.
Example: =FORECAST(A1, A1:A10, B1:B10)
FREQUENCY: calculates the number of occurrences of each value in a range of cells. Example:
=FREQUENCY(A1:A10, B1:B10)

NORMDIST: calculates the normal probability density function or the normal cumulative distribution
function. Example: =NORMDIST(A1, 0, 1, TRUE)

NORMINV: calculates the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution function. Example:
=NORMINV(A1, 0, 1)

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Average: Calculates the average of a range of cells. Example: =AVERAGE(B2:B10)

Median: Calculates the median value of a range of cells. Example: =MEDIAN(B2:B10)

Mode: Calculates the mode value of a range of cells. Example: =MODE(B2:B10)

Standard Deviation: Calculates the standard deviation of a range of cells. Example: =STDEV(B2:B10)

Variance: Calculates the variance of a range of cells. Example: =VAR(B2:B10)

Count: Counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers. Example: =COUNT(B2:B10)

Sum: Adds up the values in a range of cells. Example: =SUM(B2:B10)

Max: Finds the maximum value in a range of cells. Example: =MAX(B2:B10)

Min: Finds the minimum value in a range of cells. Example: =MIN(B2:B10)

Percentile: Calculates the specified percentile of a range of cells. Example: =PERCENTILE(B2:B10, 0.95)

Quartile: Calculates the specified quartile of a range of cells. Example: =QUARTILE(B2:B10, 0.5)

Rank: Calculates the rank of a value in a range of cells. Example: =RANK(B2, B2:B10)

Correlation: Calculates the correlation between two sets of data. Example: =CORREL(B2:B10, C2:C10)

Covariance: Calculates the covariance between two sets of data. Example: =COVAR(B2:B10, C2:C10)

Regression: Calculates the regression line for a set of data. Example: =LINEST(B2:B10, C2:C10)

Standard Error: Calculates the standard error of the mean for a set of data. Example: =STEYX(B2:B10,
C2:C10)

Confidence Level: Calculates the confidence level for a set of data. Example: =CONFIDENCE(0.05,
STDEV(B2:B10), COUNT(B2:B10))

Sampling Error: Calculates the sampling error for a set of data. Example: =SAMPLE(B2:B10, C2:C10)

Z-Score: Calculates the z-score for a value in a set of data. Example: =ZSCORE(B2, B2:B10)
Chi-Square: Calculates the chi-square value for a set of data. Example: =CHISQ.DIST(B2, COUNT(B2:B10),
TRUE)

Binomial: Calculates the probability of a binomial event. Example: =BINOM.DIST(B2, C2, D2, TRUE)

Poisson: Calculates the probability of a Poisson event. Example: =POISSON.DIST(B2, C2, TRUE)

F-Test: Calculates the F-test statistic for a set of data. Example: =FTEST(B2:B10,

CHIDIST: calculates the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution. Example: =CHIDIST(A1, B1)

********************************************************

AVERAGE: calculates the average of a given set of numbers. Example: =AVERAGE(1,2,3,4,5) would return
3.

COUNT: counts the number of cells that contain numbers in a given range. Example: =COUNT(A1:A5)
would return the number of cells in the range A1 to A5 that contain numbers.

COUNTIF: counts the number of cells that meet a specific criteria in a given range. Example:
=COUNTIF(A1:A5,">3") would count the number of cells in the range A1 to A5 that contain a number
greater than 3.

MAX: finds the maximum value in a given range. Example: =MAX(A1:A5) would return the maximum
value in the range A1 to A5.

MIN: finds the minimum value in a given range. Example: =MIN(A1:A5) would return the minimum value
in the range A1 to A5.

SUM: adds up all the values in a given range. Example: =SUM(A1:A5) would add up all the values in the
range A1 to A5.

SUMIF: adds up all the values in a given range that meet a specific criteria. Example:
=SUMIF(A1:A5,">3") would add up all the values in the range A1 to A5 that are greater than 3.

STDEV: calculates the standard deviation of a given set of numbers. Example: =STDEV(1,2,3,4,5) would
return the standard deviation of the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
STDEVP: calculates the population standard deviation of a given set of numbers. Example:
=STDEVP(1,2,3,4,5) would return the population standard deviation of the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5.

VAR: calculates the variance of a given set of numbers. Example: =VAR(1,2,3,4,5) would return the
variance of the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

VARP: calculates the population variance of a given set of numbers. Example: =VARP(1,2,3,4,5) would
return the population variance of the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

CORREL: calculates the correlation coefficient between two sets of numbers. Example:
=CORREL(A1:A5,B1:B5) would calculate the correlation coefficient between the two sets of numbers in
the ranges A1 to A5 and B1 to B5.

COVAR: calculates the covariance between two sets of numbers. Example: =COVAR(A1:A5,B1:B5) would
calculate the covariance between the two sets of numbers in the ranges A1 to A5 and B1 to B5.

FORECAST: predicts a value based on a known set of x-values and y-values. Example:
=FORECAST(6,A1:A5,B1:B5) would predict the y-value for the x-value of 6 based on the known x-values
in the range A1 to A5 and y-values in the range B1 to B5.

GR

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

IFERROR: checks for errors in a formula and returns a specified value if an error is found. For example,
=IFERROR(A1/B1, 0) returns 0 if there is an error in the formula A1/B1, and the result of the formula
otherwise.

PV: calculates the present value of an investment. For example, =PV(5%, 10, -100) calculates the present
value of an investment that pays 5% interest over 10 years and has an initial investment of $100.

FV: calculates the future value of an investment. For example, =FV(5%, 10, -100) calculates the future
value of an investment that pays 5% interest over 10 years and has an initial investment of $100.
PMT: calculates the periodic payment for an investment. For example, =PMT(5%, 10, -100) calculates the
periodic payment for an investment that pays 5% interest over 10 years and has an initial investment of
$100.

RATE: calculates the interest rate for an investment. For example, =RATE(10, -100, 500) calculates the
interest rate for an investment that has 10 periods, an initial investment of $100, and a future value of
$500.

NPER: calculates the number of periods for an investment. For example, =NPER(5%, -100, 500) calculates
the number of periods for an investment that pays 5% interest, has an initial investment of $100, and a
future value of $500.

NPV: calculates the net present value of an investment

RATE - Calculates the interest rate per period of an annuity

Example: =RATE(10, 1000, -10000, 0) calculates the annual interest rate of a 10-year investment with a
payment of $1,000 at the end of each year and a principal of $10,000

SUMPRODUCT - Multiplies corresponding components in the given arrays or ranges, and then returns
the sum of those products

Example: =SUMPRODUCT(A1:A10, B1:B10) multiplies the values in cells A1 through A10 by the
corresponding values in cells B1 through B10, and then adds up the resulting products

PV - Calculates the present value of an investment

Example: =PV(0.05, 10, 1000, 0) calculates the present value of a 10-year investment with an annual
interest rate of 5% and a payment of $1,000 at the end of each year

IPMT: calculates the interest payment for a given period of a loan or investment. Example:
=IPMT(0.05/12, 1, 60, 10000) calculates the interest payment for the first period of a loan with a 5%
annual interest rate, a 60-month repayment period, and a principal amount of $10,000.

PPMT: calculates the principal payment for a given period of a loan or investment. Example:
=PPMT(0.05/12, 1, 60, 10000) calculates the principal payment for the first period of a loan with a 5%
annual interest rate, a 60-month repayment period, and a principal amount of $10,000.
************************************************************************

Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows users to organize and analyze data. It includes a variety of
built-in formulas that can be used to perform calculations and manipulate the data in a variety of ways.
Here are 30 common logical formulas in Excel and examples of how they can be used:

IF: This formula is used to perform a conditional test, and return one value if the condition is met, and
another value if the condition is not met. For example, the formula "=IF(A1>B1, "A is greater", "B is
greater")" will return "A is greater" if the value in cell A1 is greater than the value in cell B1, and "B is
greater" if the value in cell B1 is greater.

AND: This formula is used to check if all of the specified conditions are met, and return a value of TRUE if
they are, and FALSE if any of them are not. For example, the formula "=AND(A1>5, B1<10)" will return
TRUE if the value in cell A1 is greater than 5 and the value in cell B1 is less than 10, and FALSE if either of
these conditions is not met.

OR: This formula is used to check if any of the specified conditions are met, and return a value of TRUE if
any of them are, and FALSE if none of them are. For example, the formula "=OR(A1=5, B1=10)" will
return TRUE if the value in cell A1 is equal to 5 or the value in cell B1 is equal to 10, and FALSE if neither
of these conditions is met.

NOT: This formula is used to negate a logical value, and return the opposite value. For example, the
formula "=NOT(A1=5)" will return TRUE if the value in cell A1 is not equal to 5, and FALSE if the value in
cell A1 is equal to 5.

XOR: This formula is used to check if an odd number of the specified conditions are met, and return a
value of TRUE if an odd number are met, and FALSE if an even number are met. For example, the
formula "=XOR(A1=5, B1=10, C1=15)" will return TRUE if exactly one of the values in cells A1, B1, or C1 is
equal to 5, 10, or 15, and FALSE if any other combination of values is found.

IFERROR: This formula is used to check if a formula produces an error, and return a specified value if an
error is found, and the result of the formula if no error is found. For example, the formula
"=IFERROR(A1/B1, 0)" will return 0 if the formula "A1/B1" produces an error, and the result of the
division if no error is produced.
ISBLANK: This formula is used to check if a cell is blank, and return a value of TRUE if it is blank, and
FALSE if it is not blank. For example, the formula "=ISBLANK(A1)" will return TRUE if cell A1 is blank, and
FALSE if it is not blank.

ISERR: This formula is used to check if a cell contains an error value other than #N/A, and return a value
of TRUE if it does, and FALSE if it does not. For example, the formula "=ISERR(A1)" will return TRUE if cell
A1 contains an error value other than #N/A

SUM: Adds up the values in a selected range of cells. Example: =SUM(A1:A10) adds up all the values in
cells A1 through A10.

AVERAGE: Calculates the average of the values in a selected range of cells. Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)
calculates the average of the values in cells A1 through A10.

MIN: Returns the minimum value in a selected range of cells. Example: =MIN(A1:A10) returns the
minimum value in cells A1 through A10.

MAX: Returns the maximum value in a selected range of cells. Example: =MAX(A1:A10) returns the
maximum value in cells A1 through A10.

IF: Evaluates a condition and returns one value if the condition is true and another value if the condition
is false. Example: =IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No") returns "Yes" if the value in cell A1 is greater than 10, and "No"
otherwise.

AND: Returns true if all the specified conditions are true. Example: =AND(A1>10, B1<20) returns true if
the value in cell A1 is greater than 10 and the value in cell B1 is less than 20.

OR: Returns true if any of the specified conditions are true. Example: =OR(A1>10, B1<20) returns true if
the value in cell A1 is greater than 10 or the value in cell B1 is less than 20.

NOT: Returns the opposite of the specified condition. Example: =NOT(A1>10) returns true if the value in
cell A1 is not greater than 10.
COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numeric values in a selected range. Example:
=COUNT(A1:A10) counts the number of cells in the range A1 through A10 that contain numeric values.

COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells that meet a specified criteria in a selected range. Example:
=COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">10") counts the number of cells in the range A1 through A10 that contain values
greater than 10.

SUMIF: Sums the values in a selected range that meet a specified criteria. Example: =SUMIF(A1:A10,
">10", B1:B10) sums the values in the range B1 through B10 for the cells in the range A1 through A10
that contain values greater than 10.

AVERAGEIF: Calculates the average of the values in a selected range that meet a specified criteria.
Example: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">10", B1:B10) calculates the average of the values in the range B1
through B10 for the cells in the range A1 through A10 that contain values greater than 10.

MINIF: Returns the minimum value in a selected range that meets a specified criteria. Example:
=MINIF(A1:A10, ">10", B1:B10) returns the minimum value in the range B1 through B10 for the cells in
the range A1 through A10 that contain values greater than 10.

MAXIF: Returns the maximum value in a selected range that meets a specified criteria. Example:
=MAXIF(A1:A10, ">10", B1

IFERROR: Returns a value if a formula evaluates to an error, and another value if the formula evaluates
to a valid result. Example: =IFERROR(J1/0, "Error") returns "Error" if the formula in cell J1 divides by 0,
and the result of the formula if it does not.

ISERROR: Returns TRUE if a value is an error, and FALSE if it is not. Example: =ISERROR(K1/0) returns
TRUE if the formula in cell K1 divides by 0, and FALSE otherwise.

ISNUMBER: Returns TRUE if a value is a number, and FALSE if it is not. Example: =ISNUMBER(L1) returns
TRUE if the value in cell L1 is a number, and FALSE otherwise.

ISBLANK: Returns TRUE if a cell is empty, and FALSE if it contains a value. Example: =ISBLANK(M1)
returns TRUE if cell M1 is empty, and FALSE if it contains a value.

ISTEXT: Returns TRUE if a value is text, and FALSE if it is not. Example: =ISTEXT(N1) returns TRUE if the
value in cell N1 is text, and FALSE otherwise.
ISNONTEXT: Returns TRUE if a value is not text, and FALSE if it is. Example: =ISNONTEXT(O1) returns
TRUE if the value in cell O1 is not text, and FALSE if

CLEAN: Removes all non-printable characters from a text string. For example, =CLEAN("Hello!\n\t")
would return "Hello!"

CODE: Returns the ASCII code for the first character in a text string. For example, =CODE("A") would
return 65.

CONCAT: Combines multiple text strings into one. For example, =CONCAT("Hello", " ", "World") would
return "Hello World".

EXACT: Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are exactly the same, and FALSE if they are
not. For example, =EXACT("Hello", "Hello") would return TRUE, while =EXACT("Hello", "hello") would
return FALSE.

FIND: Returns the position of a substring within a text string. For example, =FIND("world", "Hello
world!") would return 7.

FIXED: Formats a number as text with a specified number of decimal places. For example,
=FIXED(3.1415, 2) would return "3.14".

LEFT: Returns the leftmost characters from a text string. For example, =LEFT("Hello world!", 5) would
return "Hello".

LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text string. For example, =LEN("Hello world!") would return
12.

LOWER: Converts all uppercase letters in a text string to lowercase. For example, =LOWER("Hello
World!") would return "hello world!".

MID: Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at a specified position. For
example, =MID("Hello world!", 7, 5) would return "world".

PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string. For example, =PROPER("hello world!")
would return "Hello World!".

REPLACE: Replaces a specific number of characters in a text string with another set of characters. For
example, =REPLACE("Hello world!", 7, 5, "universe") would return "Hello universe!".

REPT: Repeats a text string a specified number of times. For example, =REPT("Hello", 3) would return
"HelloHelloHello".

RIGHT: Returns the rightmost characters from a text string. For example, =RIGHT("Hello world!", 5)
would return "world".

SEARCH: Returns the position of a substring within a text string, with the option to search for the
substring within a larger string using wildcards. For example, =SEARCH("world", "Hello world!") would
return 7.
SUBSTITUTE: Replaces specific text within a text string with another set of text. For example,
=SUBSTITUTE("Hello world!", "world", "universe") would return "Hello universe!".

T: Converts a value to text. For example, =T(3.1415) would return "3.1415".

TEXT: Formats a number and converts it to text with a specified format. For example, =TEXT(3.1415,
"0.00") would return "3.14".

TRIM: Removes extra spaces from a text string. For example, =TRIM(" Hello world! ") would return
"Hello world!".

UPPER: Converts all lowercase letters in a text string to uppercase. For example, =UP

CLEAN: Removes all non-printable characters from a text string. For example, =CLEAN(A1) will remove
any special characters or invisible characters from the text in cell A1.

CODE: Converts a text string into a numeric code. For example, =CODE(A1) will convert the text in cell A1
into its corresponding numeric code.

UPPER: Converts all letters in a text string to uppercase. For example, =UPPER(A1) will convert the text
in cell A1 to all uppercase letters.

LOWER: Converts all letters in a text string to lowercase. For example, =LOWER(A1) will convert the text
in cell A1 to all lowercase letters.

PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string. For example, =PROPER(A1) will
capitalize the first letter of each word in the text in cell A1.

TRIM: Removes extra spaces from a text string. For example, =TRIM(A1) will remove any extra spaces
from the text in cell A1.

LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text string. For example, =LEN(A1) will return the number of
characters in the text in cell A1.

LEFT: Returns a specific number of characters from the beginning of a text string. For example,
=LEFT(A1,3) will return the first 3 characters from the text in cell A1.
RIGHT: Returns a specific number of characters from the end of a text string. For example, =RIGHT(A1,3)
will return the last 3 characters from the text in cell A1.

MID: Returns a specific number of characters from the middle of a text string. For example,
=MID(A1,2,3) will return the 3 characters starting from the second character of the text in cell A1.

SEARCH: Finds the position of a specific character or text string within another text string. For example,
=SEARCH("apple",A1) will return the position of the word "apple" within the text in cell A1.

FIND: Finds the position of a specific character or text string within another text string, but is case-
sensitive. For example, =FIND("apple",A1) will return the position of the word "apple" within the text in
cell A1, only if the case of the letters is the same.

SUBSTITUTE: Replaces a specific character or text string within a text string with another character or
text string. For example, =SUBSTITUTE(A1,"apple","orange") will replace the word "apple" with "orange"
within the text in cell A1.

CONCATENATE: Combines multiple text strings into a single text string. For example,
=CONCATENATE(A1,B1,C1) will combine the text in cells A1, B1, and C1 into a single text string.

TEXT: Converts a number into text with a specific format. For example, =TEXT(A1,"$#,##0.00") will
convert the number in cell A1 into text, with a dollar sign and two decimal places.

VALUE: Converts text that represents a number into an actual number. For example,