a a What happens to a car when it is taken for a service? Look at the prompts and make sentences using the present simple passive, as in the example. the ol / change The oll Is changed. the brakes / test the fiters/ replace air [put /in the tyres the battery / check the lights / test broken parts / repair it/ take / for atest drive the radiator /fil/ with wa ‘Mr Sullivan, who is a director, is preparing 2 scene for his new film. Read the orders land respond using the present continuous passive, as in the example. ‘Move that scenery, please. t's being moved now, Mr Sullivan. Put those props in place, Call the actors, please. CCheck their costumes, Turn on the lights, please. Detective Maguire Is talking to a police officer ‘about a burglary which happened early yester- ‘day morning. In pairs, ask and answer ‘questions using the prompts below, as in the example. Have you dusted the house for fingerprints yet? the house / dust /for fingerprints yesterday Yes, the house was dusted for fingerprinte yesterday. Have you found any evidence yet? {piece of material find / this morning Have you interviewed the house owners yet? they / interview / last night Have you questioned the neighbours yet? they / question / this morning Have you arrested any suspects yet? two men / arrest / yesterday evening Have you interrogated the suspects yet? they / interrogate / last night Have you recovered the stolen goods yet? they / recover / this morning Have you written your report yet? it complete / an hour ago Helen and Chris moved house two years ago. Yesterday, they drove past their old house and ‘saw that it looked very different. Describe the outside walls / paint The outeide walls have been painted. new windows / put in a garden pond / make the trees / cut down a lot of flowers / plant the old gate / replace oe Will they audition you for the new fm? Well, | hope to be auditioned. Will they give you a leading role? Will they pay you a lot of money? Will they send you to Hollywood? Will they introduce you to all the stars? Will they ask you to give a TV interview? Will they give you an award? ‘Ayyoung actress is hoping to star in a new film. Her friend is asking her what is going to hap- pen. Respond to her questions using the Passive infinitive, as In the example. Put the verbs in brackets Into the correct passhve tense. 1. A: Who looks atter your garden for you? B: tt_.Ie looked after... look after) by my brother. 2 A: That's a beautiful dress. Where did you buy i? B: Actually, it (make) for me by my aunt 3. A: Have you typed that letter yet, Miss Brown? Bit (type) right now. st 4 A: Did you make the coffee when you got to work this moming? B: No, it {alreadyimake) by the time | got there. ‘Are you going to pick up the children today? B: No, they (ick up) by Roger. I've already arranges it. Where is your watch? B: I broke it It (repair) at the moment Has the new furniture for my bedroom arrived? B: No, it (otideliver) yet. They are building anew sports centre in town. B: Iknow. It (open) by the mayor next month, rhsive Changing from active into passive 76 To change a sentence from the active into the passive: 8) The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence. bb) The active verb remains in the same tense, but changes into a passive form. ©) The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent, and is elther introduced with the preposition by or omitted. © Only transitive verbs (verbs followed by an object) can be changed into the passive. 2.9. active: Peter feeds the cows. (ransiive verb) passive: The cows are fed by Petr. They leave for work early every day. (The verb leave in this sentence is intransitive; that i, iis not followed by an object. The sentence cannot be changed into the passive.) ‘She welts the reports, present continuous ‘She Is writing the reports. past simple ‘She wrote the reports. ;past continuous ‘She was writing the reports. present perfect simple ‘She has wrlten the reports, past perfect simple ‘She had writen the reports. future simple She will write the reports. ‘The reports will be written, future pertect simple ‘She will have written the reports. |The reports will have been written. Infinitive She has to write the reports. ‘The reports have to be writen ‘modals (nodal + be + pp) She may write the reports. ‘The reports may be written. # We use by + agent to say who or what carries out the action. We use with + instrumentmaterial/ ingredient to say what the agent used. e.g. Akile was made by John. It was made with paper, paint and string. ‘© The agent is often omitted in the passive sentence when the subject of the active sentence is one of the {following words: people, one, someone/somebody, they, he, ete. ‘2.9. active: People eat alot of junk food nowadays. passive: 4 Jot of junk food is eaten nowadays. ‘ Object pronouns (me, you, him, ete.) become subject pronouns (I, you, he, etc) in the passive. 2g. active: They rescued me. "passive: / was rescued. ‘© With verbs which take two objects such as bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, buy, throw, write, award, hand, sell, owe, grant, allow, feed, pass, post, read, take, offer, give, pay and lend, we can make two different passive sentences. However, it Is more usual for passive sentences to begin with the person. Jessica showed Rod some photos. a) Rod was shown some photos by Jessica. (more usual) ) Some photos were shown to Rod by Jessica.‘© When the verb of the active sentence is followed by a preposition, the preposition is kept in the passive sentence as well, e.g. active: Jane looks after the baby. ‘® When we want to find out who or what did something, then the passive question form is as follows: \Who/What ... by? e.g. Who was the camera invented by? What was the explosion caused by? Rewrite the sentences In the passive, where possible. 1. John opened the door. The door was opened by John. 2 They didn't come home late last night. It cannot be changed. 3. Their nanny takes them to the park every day. 4. Left very early yesterday afternoon, 5. Meg asked the policeman for directions. 6 Charles is moving house next month, 7. The letter arrived two days ago. '8 Sam took these photographs. @y ran rv ecu. 1. The lock was broken ...with,.. a hammer. 2 This book was written ‘my favourite author. 3. The cake was decorated 4 The tiger was shot 5 6 icing, gun, Claire was shouted at her teacher He was hit on the head ‘an umbrella, y rowte me semances in he passive 11 Someone is repairing the garden fence. The garden fence Is being repaired. 2 Do they teach Latin at this school? ‘8. I don't like people pointing at me. 4 She hit him on the head with a tennis racquet. Michael has made the preparations. 6 Is Tim cleaning the house? 7 Who built the Pyramids? 10 " 2 1% “ 15 16 ” 8 19 @>O> BF OE a> Passi The baby Is looked after by Jane. ‘The boss is going to give us a pay rise. | expect they will deliver my new car soon ‘The police are questioning the suspects. Did your next door neighbours see the thieves? Paul remembers his teacher asking him to star in the schoo! play. Alot of children use computers nowadays. Who smashed the kitchen window? ‘They won't have completed the work by the end of the month, The children will pst the leters, People make pancakes from flour, eggs and milk Had Helen closed the windows before she left the house? Jill hasn't done the housework yet. ‘They may not deliver the parcel today, Put the verbs In brackets Into the correct passive tense. Do you still work at Browns and Co? Yes, do. | 1) have been employed... (employ) by Mr Brown for five years now, you know. ‘Oh. Do you still enjoy it? Oh yes! 1 2) (give) a promotion last year and I'm very happy. ‘A promotion? So, what is your job now? 13) (make) Head of European Sales So, what do you do? Well, sometimes | 4) ‘other countries on business. | see. Do they pay you well? Well, 1) ‘expect | 6) Good for you! (send) to (ay) quite well and | (give) a pay rise soon.Personal / Impersonal Construction 78 The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc. are used in the following Passive patterns in personal and impersonal con- structions. active: People say tat he has lost his jb. Passive: a) It is said (that) he has lost his job. (impersonal construction) ») He is said to have lost his ob, (personal construction) ‘active: People know that she works har. passive: 0) Its known (that) she works hard. 1) She is known to work hard. active: People think he left the country last night. passive: 0) It's thought (that) he left the county last right. 1) He is thought to have left tho country fast right. ‘Complete the sentences, as in the ‘example. 1 Itis expected that he will win the race tomorrow. He ...is expected to win the race tomorrow.. 2 Its thought that the schoo! has good teachers. The schoo! 3. Itis said that she speaks seven languages. She 4 It is believed that the missing jewellery has been found, The missing jewellery 5 Itis thought that she is a talented pianist She 6 Iti said that the athletes train for eight hours every day. The athletes: 7. tis expected that the American team will break the world record. The American team 8 Itis known that she is hiding somewhere in the city She : 9 Itis reported that the world leaders have reached an agreement. ‘The world leaders 10 It is reported that the thieves have escaped from prison. The thieves 11 tis expected that they wil give her the prize. She CQ, rewrite 10 sentences inthe pasate 1 Elle wll take the children to schoo. The children will be taken to school by Elle. 2 He cut the grass withthe new lawnmower yesterday 3. Did they show the fie on the news? 4. Emma is showing them the photographs. 5 When did the wind blow down the tee? 6 Who has to sign these papers? 7. Amanda hates people staring at her. 18 She expects her boss to offer her a promotion. 9 He has to tidy his bedroom 10 Will you have completed the task by Friday evening? 114 Tey offered her a lit to work 12 Who teaches traditional dance at this schoo? 413. People often stuff turkeys with chestnut stuting 44 They awarded him a prize for his competion enty 418 - Will hey play the tennis match on an indoor cour? 16 Tom doesn't like people asking him personal ‘questions. 17 Everyone must learn the poem by heart 18 Jean hadn't cleaned the house by the time her hus- band arrived. 49 Who is going to welcome the guests? We cook all the meals, 21. Grandmother takes care ofthe children 22. Kate is choosing a new carpet at the moment. 23. Had Stuart washed the car before he went to the cinema? 24 Peter gave Jane a letter. 25 Who made all these cakes?G4 omething Done Jane Silver is painting a picture. ‘Anne Taylor is having her portrait painted. We use have + object + past participle to say that we arrange for someone to do something for us. e.g. Sandra is having her car repaired at the moment. (Sandra is not repairing it herself - somebody else is repairing it) He fixes the tap. He has the tap fixed. He Is fixing the tap. He Is having the tap fixed. He fixed the tap. He had the tap fixed. He was fixing the tap, He was having the tap fixed. He will fx the tap. He will have the tap fixed. He willbe fixing the tap. ‘He will be having the tap fied. He has fixed the tap. He has had the tap fixed. He has been fixing the tap. He has been having the tap fixed. He had fixed the tap. He had had the tap fixed. He had been fixing the tap. He had been having the tap fixed. He must fix the tap. He must have the tap fixed. 1s no use fixing the tap. I's no use having the tap fixed. # Questions and negations of the verb have are formed with do/does in the present simple and did in the past simple. e.9. Do you have your haircut every month? Did she have the house cleaned? © We can also use have something done to express that something unpleasant happened to somebody. 2.9. Mary had her purse stolen yesterday. (= Mary’ purse was stolen. This sentence shows that this unpleas- ant incident happened to her) ‘® We can use the verb get instead of the verb have only in informal conversation. 8.9. We must get the ridge repaired soon. (= We must have the fridge repaired soon.) Make sentences using the prompts Something unpleasant happened te arom oe a cannes ‘sentences using have something don Tre grass nee cating Mark his beet tom eu he rocers I know. I'm getting tt cut tomorrow. Mark had his bike stolen from outelde the grocer’e, Tre windows need esning Ute Jeony trerharpi sent Tre ence needs paring Ny uel hs geragereak na by ear theves Tre repon nee ping Tara er Dgitea) na restaurar The carneeds serveing Stove ths dows wards by ang ee‘Tick the correct sentence for each ed @ picture. Ruth is filing her car with petro. ao bb Ruth is having > her car filed with petro! Mary is filing her car with petrol. Mary is having her car filed with petro. Me Waker, N 8 Mr Walker is taking his blood pressure. b Mr Walker is having his blood pressure taken, Oo Mr Hil is taking his blood pressure. Mr Hill is having Fis Blood pressure taken, ig @ Sandra is doing is {Julie is doing her hair. oO hair Julie ishaving her hair b Sandra is having = done. oa hair done, es Tom is repairing the Bilis repainng the TV. wv. oa a b Tom's having the TV Bill is having the TV repaired. CC repaired o @ 1 10 Have Somethi ‘Study the situations, then write the answers using have something done, Tony is going to the dentist's for a check-up tomor- row. What's he going to do? He Is going to have his teeth checked. ‘Their house is very cold, Installing central heating ‘would help. What should they do? James has written some songs and they're going to be recorded. What is James going to do?. Sarah is at the hardresser’s. The hairdresser is cculting her hair. What is Sarah doing? ‘The baker has made a special cake for Joan. What has Joan done? Their windows are very dirty. What should they have done? Claire's shoes are made by hand especially for her. What does Claire do? ‘Sam has paid the plumber for repairing his washing ‘machine. What has he done? ‘Simon's arm was X-rayed yesterday. What hap- pened at the hospital? Rewrite the sentences using have something done. The money was deposited in his bank account by the company, He had the money deposited in hie bank account. ‘Sarah's new fridge will be delivered tomorrow. Tim's car was serviced last week. ‘Mrs Scott's cat was examined by the vet yesterday, Paul's house willbe painted next weekend. ‘Mr Brown’s book has just been published. Becky's hair is done every week Edward's dinner was cooked by his mother yesterday, ‘Jane's ing roomis going to be redecorated next month. My eyes are tested by the optician.mething Done Barbara is talking to Annette about her house. What suggestions does Annette make to Barbara? Using the prompts given, com- plete the sentences, as In the example. e 1 "My carpet doesn't match the walls’ “You could hhave the walle painted... the wals/paint).” 2 “The kitchen floor is a mess." How about... cw et)? 3 “The bathroom is to0 small for a bath.” What about (a shower/put in?" 4. “The water pipes are rusty.” Why don't you sn (themireplace)?” 5 “The garage is faling down. “You could (anew onefbuild) Look at the prompts and answer the ‘questions using have something done. What did Tom do? What is Ann doing? he /his jacket /dry-clean she / a wedding dress He had his jacket make dry-cleaned, S ‘What is Rick going to do? he / his eyes / test ‘What has Tim done? he / his car / service What will Jane do? shetwashing machine/repair 6 What should Paul do? he f his hair / cut ashamed of sb/sth impressed by/with sth ‘crowded with people —_introduce sb to sb waste of sth photograph of sb/sth frightened of sb/sth solution to sth furious about sth use of sth furious wth sbfor doing sth provide sb with sth ©) Minn comect propontion 1. The room was crowded ...ith.. people. 2 Tim was furious Jake forgetting his birthday. He was later ashamed He wanted a photograph his friends. his bad behaviour his hotel to show ae My sister is frightened thunder. ‘She introduced her friends .. her parents, My brother was furious losing his job. John was impressed “. David's cooking, have the use my friend's car this week, We need to find a solution the problem. ‘School provides children .......a basic education. ‘Playing the lotery is a waste time,’ said Helen, Phrasal Verbs fall behind (with): fal to keep up with fall for: 1) be deceived by sth 2) become strongly attracted to sb fall in with: ‘agree with a plan/decision, ete. fall through: fail to happen fall out (with): quarrel Fill in the gaps with the correct phrasal verb. 1 If you dont study you wil fall behind with... your ‘school work. (fail keep up with) 2 Our plans for the picnic ....... because of the bad weather. (failed to happen) 3. itwould be easy to ‘someone as handsome as Mel Gibson. (become ‘strongly attracted to) 4 Tom hates bestfriend. (quarreling) 5. He was so convincing that she his lies. (was deceived by) 6 Iwill whatever you decide. (agree) with his