Calculus MA 111 Mr) ae) Applications of Differentiation SU SINAI UNIVERSITY Dr. Ahmed Galal Moustafa Information Technology Department Faculty of Information Technology & Computer Science Sinai University PE On nor mee inno) ReneeObjectives After Studying this lecture, you should be able to: @ Can find the slope of tangent line to the graph of a function f at a point. @ Can find the equation of the tangent line at a point. @ Can find the equation of orthogonal on the tangent line at a point. @ Can determine the interval on which the function is increasing and the interval is decreasing. @ Can find the local extremum (maximum and minimum points) of the function. @ Applying L’Hopital’s rule to find the indeterminate forms of limits. PE On nor mee inno) ReneeMBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line PA ne ann Mo inno) ReneeMBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line pny @ The slope ma of the tangent line to the graph of a function f at the point a = (x1, y) is ban) @ The equation of the tangent line at a = (x1, y1) is given by Y-n_, _w x—X% ma= ox (xy) @ The equation of orthogonal on the tangent line at a = (x1, yi) is given by PE one nr) [errsMBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line Let y=x?-—x+2 @ Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph y of at (2, 4). @ Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of y at (2, 4). @ Find the equation of the orthogonal on the tangent line to the graph of y at (2, 4). [St d We have $f = 2x —1. @ The slop at the point (2, 4) is dy m=— | =2(2)-1=3 x \(2,4) Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) Galculus:- Applications of Differentiation November 26, 2023MBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line @ The equation of the tangent line is y~4_ _4=3x— =3x_ Y5=3 3 y-4=3x-6 + y=3x-2 @ The equation of the orthogonal on the tangent line y-4 1 1 2 1 14 =z >? Y~4=—gxXt3 > Yaak ty PA ne ann Mo inno) ReneeMBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line Lety = 75 @ Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph y of at (2, 4). @ Find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of y at (2, 4). @ Find the equation of the orthogonal on the tangent line to the graph of y at (2, 4). ee dy _ 3x2(4—x)+x3(-1) __ 2x?(6-x) We have a& axe ee @ The slop at the point (2, 4) is maw 2(4)(6—2) _ = ol, > 4-22 7 |g (4-2) EI So PeMBat-w eer liCela ey gent Line @ The equation of the tangent line is y-4 x-2 =8 => y-4=8x-16 => y=8x-12 @ The equation of the orthogonal on the tangent line YN 8 yng tye? 5 yo ty @ = YOO= ext se Yo arXt ag PA ne ann Mo inno) ReneeLocal Maximum and Minimum Values We begin by investigating the behavior of the function f defined by f(x) =x? x42 x | f00 | f(x) 0 2 0.5 | 1.75 8 1 2 (x) =x® x42 2 4 3 4 Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiation Perr eeLocal Maximum and eet Definition (Increasing and decreasing functions) Let a function f be define on an interval /, and let x;, Xo € f. @ fis increasing on / if f (x1) < f (x2) whenever x; < x2. @ fis decreasing on / if f (x;) > f (x2) whenever x; < Xp. @ fis constant on / if f (x,) = f (x2) for every x; and x2. Definition (maximum and minimum values) Let a function f be define on a set S, and let c be a number in S. @ f(c) is maximum value of f on S if f(x) < f(c) for every x in S. @ f(c) is minimum value of f on S if f(x) > f(c) for every x in S. Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiation Pern rnThe First CLAM Ee Definition (critical point) A point c in the domain of a function f is a critical point either f’(c) =0 or f’(c) does not exist. Theorem (The First Derivative Test of increasing and decreasing functions) If f is a continuous function on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). @ If f'(x) > 0 for every x in [a, bl, then f is increasing on (a, b]. @ If f'(x) <0 for every x in [a,b], then f is decreasing on [a, b). PE On nor mee inno) Pern neIf f(x) = x8 + x? — 5x —5. Find the intervals on which f is increasing and the interval f is decreasing. (BS We find the critical points by solving the equation f’(x) = 0. Since f(x) = 3x? +.2x—5. Put 3x? + 2x —5 =0 5 (3x +5)(x—1) =0 The critical numbers -3, 1 divides the real numbers line into three intervals. The following table displays our work. Interval (oo, —3) (-3, 1) (1, 00) Point in it 2 0 2 Sign of f(x) | f'(—2) =3>0 | #(0)=-5 <0 | f(2)=11>0 fis increasing decreasing increasing Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of DifferentiationIf f(x) = x3 — x2. Find the intervals on which f is increasing and the interval f is decreasing. (Sete eee We find the critical points by solving the equation f’(x) = 0. Since f(x) = 3x? — 3x. Put 3x? — 3x =0 > 3x(x—1) =0 The critical numbers 0, 1 divides the real numbers line into three lowing table displays our work. intervals. The foll Interval (—oo, 0) (0, 1) (1, 00) Point in it —2 0 2 Sign of f(x) | F(-1) =6 50 | # G) =-$ <0 | #(2)=650 fis increasing decreasing increasing Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiationlei Theorem (The First Derivative Test of Minimization and Maximization points) Let c be a critical number for f, and suppose f is continuous at c and differentiable on an open interval | containing c, except possibly at c itself. @ /ff' changes from positive to negative at c, then f(c) is a local maximum of f. @ /ff' changes from negative to positive at c, then f(c) is a local minimum of f. Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiation Pern nce)Classify the critical points. Also, determine the intervals of increasing and decreasing of the function f(x) = x4 — 2x? +1. (Sane eee We find the critical points by solving the equation f’(x) = 0. Since f(x) = 4x3 — 4x Put 4x3 — 4x =0 > 4x(x + 1)(x—1) =0 Then x = 0 or x = 1 or X = —1 are critical points. We have the following table: Interal (—oo, -1) (—1, 0) (0, 1) (1, 00) Point in it -2 —1/2 1/2 2 Sign of f(x) | F(—1) <0 | f(—1/2) >0 | f1/2) <0 | fl2)>0 fis decreasing | increasing | decreasing | increasing PA ce an ees enorThe First CLAM Ee Then f has a local maximum at x = 0 and has a local minimum at X =—1,x =1. We can see that f(—1) = f(1)=0; f(0) =1. The graph of f takes the form : PA ne ann Mo (iin Renn EdClassify the critical points. Also, determine the intervals of increasing and decreasing of the function f(x) = 2x3 — 15x? + 24x (Sane eee We find the critical points by solving the equation f’(x) = 0. Since f(x) = 6x? — 30x + 24. Put 6x? — 30x + 24 =05 x2 5x +4=05 (x—1)(x—4) =0 plays our work. The critical points 1,4 divides the real numbers line into three intervals. The following table dis; Interval (—o0, 1) (1,4) (4, 00) Point in it 0 3 5 Sign of f’(x) | f'(0) =24>0 | f (3) =-12 <0 | f(5)=24>0 fis increasing decreasing increasing Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of DifferentiationThe First CLAM Ee @ f' changes from positive to negative at x = 1, then f(x) has a local maximum value. f(1) = 11 => (1,11) isa maximum point of this function. @ f' changes from negative to positive at x = 4, then f(x) has a local minimum value. f(4) = —16 = (4, —16) is a minimum point of this function. Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiation Pern neLimits by Using Derivatives (L-Hopital’s Rule) Lhopital Rule give us a way to get the values of the limit of functions which takes one of the indeterminate forms : a, 0 x 00, 00 — 00, 1, 0°, 00? Definition (LHopital’s Rule) Let f, g be two differentiable functions on (a, b), and let c € (a, b), except possibly at c itself. Assume that g’(x) 4 0;Vx, @ if limyse g(x y = ° = limy—se f(x) and limy se oe =i, Then limys¢ i = =limyse a = =L @ This result also applies if limy se 4 a is equal one of the (=20) (<00) indeterminate forms: ge, Kee), 2 or =e} =) Ce Doe IE)its by Using Derivatives (L-Hopital’s Rule) Evaluate the following limits - Bu - a @ limo O lim e lim tanx—x x x0 X—sinx. h 1 1 @ ims. O lim (Fy - Se) @ Since lim, (e — 1) = By Applying L’Hopital’s Rule, we get x30 (XX x30 ¢ [x] x0 1 Dr. Ahmed Galal (Sinai University) _Calculus:- Applications of Differentiation Rene ee)Limits by Using Derivatives (L-Hopital’s Rule) fana-x — 8 @ Since limy_9 “22 yanx = Then by Applying L/Hopital’s Rule, we get im NX =X _ | Gltanx—x) _ |, sec? x—1 x0 X—sinx — x30 Zix—sinx] x30 1—cosx — lim 1—cos? x = tim LA SOsx _ x0 COS? x! x(1—cosx) x30 cos?x @ Since limy oo BX = & Then by Applying L /Hopital’s Rule, we get nx sing Sell) WX i VL X00 XX X-900 ix) x00 1x90 X Pern eneLimits by Using Derivatives (L-Hopital’s Rule) @ Since limy_,1 <=" = 8. Then by Applying L’Hopital’s Rule, we get 2 lim 2 —4 = jim 2% = 2 x1 X-—10 xi 1 @ Since lim, Gy = ye) = 00 — oo. Then by Applying L’'Hopital’s Rule, we get 1 os | = = tx?) wor T— xe eh Bx 2 lim ( xat1—x Pern ee Crime ed PA ene ane)ENGI Mc en ee