Mechanics of Materials I:
Fundamentals of Stress & Strain and Axial Loading
Dr. Wayne Whiteman
Senior Academic Professional and Director of the Office of Student Services
Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Module 45 Learning Outcome
• Solve a engineering problem when thermal
effects are present
Example:
Bar BC is aluminum and has a cross sectional area of 2000 mm2 and a
modulus of elasticity of 70 GPa. σalum yield = 280 MPa = 0.28 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum is α = 22.5 x 10-6/°C.
Bar DE is brass and has a cross sectional area of 1300 mm2 and a
modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. σbrass yield = 100 MPa = 0.1 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of brass is α = 17.6 x 10-6/°C.
Bar ABDF can be considered rigid. Both the aluminum and brass bars
are deformable. The weight of the bars can be assumed negligible in
comparison to the forces they are supporting. Determine the axial
by 30° C.
F
.
stress in the aluminum and brass bars when the temperature decreases
300 mm
We will work in:
kN/mm2 and GPa
.
380 mm
.E D 150mm
where
1 kN/mm2 = 1 GPa
B
. 250mm
.
150 mm
C
135 kN
.A
Static Equilibrium Equations
Draw the FBD
Assume tension in bars BC and DE
Fy
F
. .F Fx
300 mm
300 mm
.
380 mm
.E D 150mm
D
.D
.
150 mm
B
. 250mm
.B B
150 mm
C
135 kN
.A 150 mm
.
A 530 kN
Static Equilibrium Equations
Write the best equilibrium equation
to start to solve the problem
Fy
+ M 0
.F D
450 B D300 135600 0
Fx
300 mm
1.5 B D 270
D
.D BC ABC 2000 BC
DE ADE 1300 DE
150 mm
.B B
3000 BC 1300 DE 270 EQN [*]
150 mm
BC , DE
A
. 1 Equation, 2 Unknowns:
530 kN
We need an additional equation
Deformation Equation/
assume small deformations
Compatibility Equation and therefore small angles
F
300 mm
300 mm
.
380 mm
.E D 150mm
P D
D total
.
T
B
. 250mm
. P
D
Btotal
.
150 mm
C B
150 mm T
135 kN
.A B
similar triangles
D B
total
total 1.5 Dtotal Btotal
300 450
Example: Equilibrium Equation
Bar BC is aluminum and has a cross sectional area of 2000 mm2
and a modulus of elasticity of 70 GPa. 3000 BC 1300 DE 270 EQN [*]
σalum yield = 280 MPa = 0.28 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum is Deformation/Compatibility Equation
α = 22.5 x 10-6/°C.
1.5 Dtotal Btotal
Bar DE is brass and has a cross sectional area of 1300 mm2 and a
modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa.
σbrass yield = 100 MPa = 0.1 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of brass is 300 mm
Force-Thermal Displacement Relation
α = 17.6 x 10-6/°C.
Bar ABDF can be considered rigid. Both the aluminum and brass
1.5 TD PD TB PB
bars are deformable. The weight of the bars can be assumed
negligible in comparison to the forces they are supporting.
Determine the axial stress in the aluminum and brass bars when
DE
P D
D
.
total
the temperature decreases by 30° C.
BC T
.
150 mm
F
P L
ADE EDE
P L
1.5 DE T LDE DE DE BC T LBC BC BC
ABC EBC P
B
D
B
total
.
TB
300 mm
380 250
1.5 17.6 x 10 6 30380 DE
22.5 x 10 6 30250 DE
70
100
.
380 mm
.E D 150mm 3.57 BC 5.70 DE 0.470 EQN [**]
B
. 250mm
.
150 mm
C
135 kN
.A
Example: Equilibrium Equation
Bar BC is aluminum and has a cross sectional area of 2000 mm2
and a modulus of elasticity of 70 GPa. 3000 BC 1300 DE 270 EQN [*]
σalum yield = 280 MPa = 0.28 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum is
α = 22.5 x 10-6/°C.
Force-Thermal Displacement Relation
3.57 BC 5.70 DE 0.470
Bar DE is brass and has a cross sectional area of 1300 mm2 and a
modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. EQN [**]
σbrass yield = 100 MPa = 0.1 GPa.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of brass is
α = 17.6 x 10-6/°C.
Bar ABDF can be considered rigid. Both the aluminum and brass
bars are deformable. The weight of the bars can be assumed
negligible in comparison to the forces they are supporting.
Determine the axial stress in the aluminum and brass bars when
the temperature decreases by 30° C.
F
. Solving Simultaneously
ok with assumptions
σalum yield = 280 MPa = 0.28 GPa
300 mm
BC 0.0989 GPa (T ) 0.28 GPA
ANS
.
380 mm
.E D
ok with assumptions
σbrass yield = 100 MPa = 0.1 GPa
150mm
DE 0.0205 GPa (T ) 0.1 GPA
B
. 250mm
. ANS
150 mm
C
135 kN
.A
