Design of Beams using Limits State Design Method sgted) GIs Adley pencil Design using Limits states Design Method. (L.S.D.M.) PAV) aydod SMe Go Uke of pace Gd) Laadll of jacd Cuey pred ay 1- Ultimate Strength Limit State. ¢yaill Bs (steet) =1.15[()- QO] > 1.15Types Of Sections c, - —~ b 600+ (f,\bs) 600 1- Under Reinforced Section. |C C, (Brittle Failure ) Nae foe dome db goto CUA 45h of cane ULL.D.M. I Adeyley puma! gd Lethe Under Reinforced Section. }Limits Of Design In The Egyptian Code pad! I! gb deadinal Limits State Design Method peel ABayle 5 peel yb LAUR GI Gary FG ull y SleLadll » sles pi and dyin des s minimum pS y0 JBI y maximum pS be pall) ole 4233 Ff ary uf + GUUS pill ode y Cmax -Umax -Amin - Asmax Asmin - ASmax - Amin - Mu.tmaz ® CS Crge Smo GUM of gaid Of Gry moment J doje) GLEUM! praet she tealde ab G5Sae slat! Sus lil al gacd gio under reinforced section Gadd gin GAS yale Ch Bo SIF pevaall CURRY Cf acs GI cary LU - plas lle Lee balanced section JN yolyd yo 4y)3 cua EULi! yale of CW Aad ST 55% Sumy Z Cy gslas ys 9 Cmax ged deg Slaoteel 6 1 Cena 2 pecall gUARU CSI aad costs 13 - paall GLB Lal Jase GI epee + peal gb Egiee lhe g over reinforced quel cd of Cigles) yes 600 ]@ A0.1d Take, a=0.1d@ As < A smaz under reinforced gUAUI lise Jy atl wind 4S 5S Asmar A=Amarx Late 59% gl a) yan aS Lol of ST aS dae WAL SI jets A singe Ge till ain due aly 13) over reinforced ¢Uaill exasd Amax 2 peal lai O a8 a 535 = pasedill gb pian Nin y oa Oo —f{—___| XA. pf A As=A, 3 >Asmax [—~ |} Over Reinforced Section Under Reinforced Section - 2 600 : ol Onaz@ 0.8 «20 wanes gals ag sat A smog US led Cox 0.67fau «a2 . ° a T= fy * Asinaz i From equilibrium equation C c= T T f. f, Caloulate 0.67 tH a,b = “¢ Asimax | et As max Ge max0.67 ew a, b = fy Asian Caloulate Asimas + Ag maz “aera 0 \os + Ag max -0.67e fate [0.8 2(— 600 __.d)]b "y\de 3° 600+ (ENB) : As maz = 0.67 4 teu\de [0.8 as 2(__800_ )] "bed fy\de "3 600+(£,\2,) Take Aeoee -H. —_ Asmaz= 4+,,,°© d H,.= 267+ fade [ose +2(—_800___)] y\ds 3° 600+ (£,\5.) A-E Jade - TAA gradl og 240 0.50 8.56x10 * fu, 0.214 | 350 0.45 5.28x10 “fey 0.198 400 0.42 4.31x10 fy 0.187 420 0.41 4.01x10* fay 0.184© As > Asmin Mabe COWS 13 yin GUAM yb Laney cyee unin dole Bt ge Asin + US Go Jif moment Jb degliad a2 pllaad! yuo! 2 at Glo LS y COWS ISA Zartll Gaye oly le CUS Yasue AAMT dyn dale fairy ube -1 A sinin oll Je doLecal ode 339 hip UalS paaatl) 4 Apguarall dato do lone + Errtl yoyo dali els Saal) fo GUAM gb AUT yun dolce puoy ate -1 Cracking moment Ii a8 gad jf ate ey of lai gf uf Ultimate moment 443 4 »5T Mer > Mun Mer 5 in sale Sho moment Janine + ST gall moment II 558 of me Aekees COWS IS LY Cleats goty clad sly 6b lll gt Mey Ji A sapien, !) etd dona) on g59 hie Ld puaectll Go Aageamall squol + ype slat! Sym pac glad Mor << Myre of glad AI Shales! Yamin asd! of gacd yin As min o# de doles USI -1 cabal (1S) Load) LG! ge destul &fe & pSTl Ag sts Pain aS Glad Ln where A smin= mig, OD % fF V fou. fy ~ 1.3 A.gyeg, (2 deg oi 38 ¥ Lag fle doyayall agsell AS G95 7 yD y 0.2254 Mer Mut 7 a 76 abeineal! UD Moy << Miy jp glued cera! 0.225 + ded) dale JB of ey ULSI ge OW) aA) dag lde Glacd Lingl » gor fy=240 N/mm? 925 bal = oe Exesdll 100 for fy= 350, 400,420 N/mm ote bd a t A ayaa oS clisal aged Au yeall bella! feat abet SoM sell eget dete he ABE dalghanes agg Glos) WIS, ill Aol malt, Soasally espa Qroyacll polsall £85 9 pSaal .1 oe Jal (IY -1-) i Lede Ubaat cL pgp daglial Qigeerel! Let Aes O95 Sle ail Alls ye 901" (4-£) AlaLaall g Stlanell og)! SobjIl aay Spel Alls 5a Vl Loytay Lager 4 fy Eq. [4-9] Naa coho ge fy fey a cole gaall g5 heal % «19 eg galall ball eld % «10 ge Le! Alls pa ala Aes ar BT leg 2pe place rebel cea Jal! soll lee pay Ly T Soy lellaall Ls G asl ala adle na Aaghiall Sle tial! &V fou 0.225+ Brin | 1.9 fy ‘fs fy Lint bed dake pynaill go Apgar As, jou -Y bye ela ud 230 seed ya D de As,2 Hinint bed cos ist —f Poin cues 1 —| As reg. US gle 45 y oySIl gd Ass as As .< Pirin® bed est 13) — A Simi aS gle 5 yoy Ag ad ps ‘min plas ayny Gleb y oy 753 ob pSoall guts wl Ag aad cum 1.3 Asreq. Sor fy= 350 0.15 b d =400 Gop =429 ‘100 fy-20 %25bd for by 100Example. f= 25 w/mnt , £, = 400 n/mnt From design of a given Section ( 250+700) found that Asyeg= 300 mni Check Agann o.225eViou _ 1.126 2S! -j fy fy 1.125 Pirin { 1A }. “fy” fy Calculate Pypnd =(0288-MEe) 9 » (0.225 + Y25) 260 2650= 457.0 mae 400 Se Asmin “- Take As= Asien A sypyin= 0.2260 LE bd = (0.226675) 260-650 = 457.0, sty 1.8 Asyeq.= 1.3 + 300 = 390 _ 3 - 0.15 = 0.185 - 243. fy- +00 o.t6 bd 18 «2500650 = 243.7 700 [ — | 390 mm?© As ¢ Asmaz (oy5 gad We 9) radsd As dabcs\ dae Eyoge date oS gd Wesdiul IS Ags .= 0.4As dum Agia, US c2 o3 ¥ of : lee Glif duct WS 5 gle asd 9 oS oye May cola; lo fasts dadiall ain dole o3ls5 -! Factor Of Safty Sil yl alos 44 5 8% Bl ane Mutt ty Mutt\ Mw ose Factor Of Safty (for beams) - Mutt w lia y oSU Factor Of Safty J aud ol US Ag aus culy LUS 131 Aginax o¢ Ag oslyy pac uals IW Gotu yb gully 0S pled pS dada ie poy Glin Dl cual ys -1 + baad) Cue dales Crsadin Lie dig Gully IS! WW L-Section i, T-Section Ji gi Ag poy Junk ¥®@ d> D nin cole jLeall Gad pylon oll gle sigall moment JI gIS 1S Le Ile yi elbWl Jy of loyty moment JI ie Jos Oates Jaf gs moment 43 Jos OL Jif sud Lab y under reinforced section A sims Stl igh ape doles 93ST Lane pabaaier p glee D= Aina 43 oS HWE 9 =A max +2 2 [ 600 _ 600 600 +(f, Noe) moment Jt; a3lgliur y d Ye was! we moment II dd Glo 5 +d] aad dat are 11 =D inin Aad 90 9 daly lynne Ley Ales JsSio opSII le hal 0.67 feu Amaz 0 (Amin ~ Gnas ) &Darin Plead ahh tales glial 5 gyenall gS od ~~ My.= we Oras D (Chin — Seat = 22 600 ": @= Amar 2[ 600 _ 300+ (EAR) +d] wey My p= 0.87 fou (noes mex wd) (a “a “), exes) + My few bd 7 oer(aaeg| apo 1) (1- Load seovtaxe ) By taking 0. 67(0.802 [ we) (1 Cotati, Max ~ | Myr= Rae ft b dp Be min VE gdm - YMA gyal og *euluil ake ig) | Cmar/d Uinax Rinax 240 0.50 8.56x10 “fy 0.214 350 0.45 5.28x10 “fa, 0.198 400 0.42 4.31x10 +f, 0.187 420 0.41 401x104 f., 0.184Ag dade yan planted SE gb Dynin a8 Gland a=a aad SL Sy A sing 2 pte dale 5ST pubis eu taf d uy wy As dab dyde doles 9ST Ligf purtncn y As Paz -4As = 0.4 (Ag tAsnae ) Ass = 0.4 (Ag s tAs, .) 04 (nbd + Ag ) Ag = Od nbd +04Ag 0.6 Ag = 0.42 bd —> As 2 548d d fase Mrz 0.67500 01, (Gy, Sages) + fy Lhe, (420) Se min Si shun sic y OL JN dad ge y daly gape Ley doles! ode Dapiin, Jt 8 oe 9Smoment 51 clan {Sal 03 by 00 O plbd! GES cold IL UL. ys under reinforced section (Jl jf lyty ¢Uail lis alot pte doles SA plant US» Mop maz 2 moment JI lia yaw y B=Amar 25 stack of Asmaz ot 9 Sl gb AiSa0 ~b-, 0.67 few j nae Ce d-Smae Asmaz 1 L \eeoe On A mae = 08 st 200+ (Em) 4] Mos.= 0.67 = fou QO max 0 (d - Ames ) Be Myy= 1 Rae few bd*Ag tebe aim plasaal Je i My pmax “ys oli B= Aina 2h dol US 5 A siggy oe sein doles ST pabiacs Cam lal Oh iy yey Agr babe ain doles ST Linh padi y x yaaea| 0.67 fos Co Ml 77 T _ [ Oj maze C -—-— - -a Ato . . ty = = 2 600 * O= Omar = 98 * $e d] -As = 2 As- Ags 5 Hod Moy, = 0.67 few a,,.0 (a ~ Smee) fy Ag _(d-d)Design of R-Section Subjected to B.M. only Using First Principles fou — b—, 0.67 “eo [ d *) L|4s.| 2 | qliass My paste spell moment Ji aud pyles GUS of prec moment JI lie Jot Ag stil yur ote y 0,0 ste ¥t Gli paeall go Ag ye YS aud sas y Das apis Safe & Economic posta) y gal lal gL! 595 tun Oh os 6 ht 1 gf Lee moment Ji Lt O , Ag of cele go segaS Ag gsSis eyate OL 0551 13) ySell y opts Ag ohn ounTypes of Problems. Type ® Given: fyy> y Req: Calculate d, »b,Muz. As Solution: 0.67 fou —b— f IC a — | + fic } —Armin= 0.1 O ad ot I "2 iow [7 | As = 2 600 tras ~°8(S)E CE a] — Choose a value between Ani Anar |a=/+d A=0.2 d| wg 5) R-Sec. U loladl Jaks — From My ,= 0.67 feu a b(d -%) My.= 0.67 few (d)b _ |t=d+50mm=v (d- (dyson wish F M ona89 Oost Calculate a= (¥ dy EES 2 — Caleulate Ags from _ ab= fy .4, be 5s — Check As min &Example. 150 kN f= 26 N/mnt , £y = 400 N/mnt b =0.25m The section is R—Sec. My1.= 150 kN.m — Req: Calculate d,Ags Loe! Solution. 0.67 feu aa b— ———— i Se = a | {_ Co | ¢ ~~ q-@ 2 | T | As = Onin = 0.1 OL _V p50 -a@ -=08(2)C 2 600 max 0.a(2 ) b= 0 (3) aL tne" a] 600 ~0.8 (2) Loo Fao t46) }: od - 0.337 o, — Choose a value between Amin Amar --Take a=-(0.20d) — Caleulate from M,,= 0.67 feu ab(d-& 1. 150*10 = 0.67 FE) (0.20 0 )(260) (cl -220 4 «= 542.2mm . | =550mm + |€ = 550450= 600mm— Caleulate @= 0.20d = 0.20% 542.2 = 108.44 mm —catewate Ag from 0.67 fu ab- fv, A, Ce Os 0.67 (25) (108.44) (250) = (492) A, + A, =870.34mmnt Check Ag A oveq= 870.34mm* v Poy = 25 N\mnt spb ae Ban Od = (oass.VE)oa- (1206.12 ) 50 860 = =386.7 mn + As > Hin 0d « Take Ag = Ag,,,,= 870.34 mm 600 —_— | 870.34mm —250—Tupe@® Given: foy,> y? b,d, My, Req: Calculate A s? A s Uf required Solution. Caleulate Of Lar = 9-8 (2) Cy- 08(3)L ne a] Calculate My, = 0.67 fou Q max b (d - max) ‘max Se 2 * If Myi.oi1d Take a=0.1d Calculate As from Calculate Ags from o.67ieu ab = fA, lo My.- fA, (@-2 Check Agmin Mu- fy.As (a- 0.10) Check Asmin* If Moi> Mot max We need to put a Compression Steel to be able to inerease tension steel As> As, and the Section is still under reinforced. My. AM Aina ea A c. = =e ‘a T Ly Le Ast=Ag — Asmaxt As rhe Calculate A M = My,-My, Ml p50d) God 90 9 max odyhy Ag dantns Calculate As from | A M=C, (a-ad)= fi * Ag (d-d) Calculate A sigzq1 from Astotat = Asmax t Ag = Hb d + Ag check Ag = 0.4 Astoa = 0.4[ Hb d+ Ae] ® if As < Asinag—> The design is correct. @ of As > Asngg—> We should increase dimensions and start the design prosses again &+ Ab yah L-Section \ , T-Section i gi Ag gary Jaaks ¥ Gb ey SN Fgh label! Slslae! dad 49S Leal! ole yd 4Y LUIS y NA. J gi jae dadiall dyols spin Voroy IU dadiye dgalall JLall og + PT sla yaIl gle abs! clolan! sy52 Les AST unl I i llType @ Given: fo» y »b,d, My. Req: Calculate OL, = 0.8 (2) Cy = 08 @®l Catculate My, - 0.67 fou iax Be Calculate As »A gs if required 600 600 + (f,\0,) Smee) +d] Qmaz 6 (d - M U.L.| TfMuMo.tmaz (We need to use Ay) Calculate A M= M,,-My, Tras Calculate As from AM- fy. A, (dd) 2 Calculate As from ylago1d i a>oid Take a= 0.1d Smart At Ac=H,,b a+ As Cateutate Ag from Check Ay = 0.4As Mo fr Ag(d-2.42) Im both cases Check Asmin Calculate As from crf ab= £4, 5 ’ If AsAsmax o.k. Increase DimensionsExample. 800 —— 150 2 f,, = 25 N/med 1300 f,, = 400 n/mnf | —!300! Req: q Myp= 400 kN. Calculate A S> A gs If Required. Solution. ‘me weton R-See. HIP When €>1000mm 2k, Cover = 100 mm d = 1300-100 =1200 mm 800 T ee - 2+) 7 fre 150 a 1300 1200 — eo? 1200 [ike OO 390 0.67 Be Qmin= 0.100 =0.1081200 =120 mm Myr 400 Nm Oma 0-8 (2) [wor ney ] +d ~0.897d -0.387+1200-404.4mm Muy, = 087 42 mas b(d-2 x = 0.67(25) (404.4)(300) (1200 - 494-4). 1361759572 Nmm =1351 k¥.m + Mor< Mo. No need to use Ag800 — 300'— Myz= 400 kN.m - Caloulate& from M,,- os7 fe a b(d-& 2 1. 40010 = 0.67( 25. 3) (1)(s00) (1200-2) —> | = 104.01 mm] A sreg, U8» Asmin A sinin= 0.2860 Mow ya = (0225-5,) s00-1200= 1012. si vy = 1012. 1.8 Asyegn1-3 * 1009 = 1311 _3 Sv, 916 b d= 218 «3004 1200= 540 © 012 man 700 700 f, = 400 | 7 400—-, : 150_ — 1012 mm 1300 we! 300Example. > 890, , = 100 £..=25 n/mad . £y = 350 N/mnt a 1 My,.= 500 kvm b=0.25m d= 0.70m ee Calculate A S> A sg If Required. M U.L.= 500kN.m Solution. The section is R-Sec. i Ol = 750 — 50 =700 mm —l250'— My, = 500 kN.m Qmin= 0.100 =0.10%700 = 70mm maz = 0-8(2) [Gop Tex gy J+ 0.9530 - 0.269 +700 -247.1 mm 3/ L 600 + (f,\ de) ° ° . My, = 0.67 £2 maz b ol - Lmazy Ug, 067 “Be mar b (a - Sp = 0.67 (25) (247.1)(260) (700 - 2471)..397647219 N.mm = 397.64 kN. s My1. >My. « We need to use Ag &Cateutate A M= My1-Moyy, mae= 500 - 397.64 = 102.36 kN.m Calculate Ag fron AM= fy +Ag (a -d) 8 350 2 . 102.86 «10 = ($32) Ag (700-50) >| Ag= 517.42 mm From the Code Table (4-1) 4 =4 Hina 5-28+10% Foy = 5.28610 +25 = 0.0132 « Ag=P bd +Ag=0.0132 (250) (700) + 517.42 = 2827.4mnt ‘maz .| As = 2827.4 mnt Check Ag = 0.4 As =0.4 (2827.4) = 1181 mnt nase oAg 1000mm Choose t Simple Beam aa t = LL L_p—-l 10 Continuous Beam “aa t — Lviover Leigger— 12 Cantilever Beam ~——— t Le tet | ES Beam with Cantilever L bigger Lp. | rl | faa bigger Le Le 5 tmin =400mm 2— Assume a 0.67 fou Lt B 1 Fe 0 WTI, |. , Choose | =0.9 tsIf d is given or assumed die be ange of "Ty eye! oe gle LB Bh daball GIS 13) Glew of Ys Gey TY UalSlty abl ype 8h Ladiall of yaydy eld y “EP wed Jt ylo dy Mrange suet 9 Jedi ole gb (UatI deeds lll p56ll lun 9 Mriange oss 2:0! Joe moment Ia cuss 9 = tg gh api bi) M,, 9-67 fou Bt(d- ts Fl Motange If| Mut. < Mriange If | Mu1.>Mriange AR LW Go pho! Cod glinia 131 ABLI g SI Ce J gtinis 13! at,| ‘5! 3, ean’ t a ee ‘S + Ge+If Mut. ~ Ag ts 0.67 fou The section acts as R—Sec. Se but with width B Calculate QO from Calculate | QL fagoid Ifa> 01d Take a=0.1d Calculate As “ Calculate As from 0.67 fu g@ B= fA, - fy. o.1d ° Mu: z As (d- 21d) Check Asmin —_ euball If Asreg > > (sss Lia) 6 ot Patt “> As-As., If Asyeq < (oass. fer) bd Tak, As As, = (0.2256 ey) bd 1.3 As reg hast st - 0.15 gor fy = 350.400. 420 O45 bd#If Mys.>Mrmange —> «> ts A wed Sh ge 5a gle dataall Shue ULI ode yi te i Co Ly! ete ll doled! pads rads Le tls GIS 5 labial! oog5 ylade und USS. 4g 04m gle abies JS ple oss $all ogUl asd 9 SibiWEN 24] Let b Cor = Stress+ Area = 0.67 & * (a «b eo Swe Cog= Stress» Area = 0. o7 feu st oLts(B- b) | -—-- =F T = Stress Area = fy . Ag bs Calculate QL by taking the moment around tension steel. My 0.67 few a+b [a- a] + 0.67 fest, (B-b) [a- i) Calculate Ol,,.= 0.8 +2 [ 90 _, me 08° FL arava)’ 1-UQAmax —» Over reinforced section Increase O. and redesign starting from the beginning."9 2 8¥* Ay= (9-a) 9° niys9'0 +Qen ay 29°0 ubysepes pun Pp sevesouy twaaf 8y 9701970] Pa (m5 +9220) = Vig yous en ala Pease a oe. 4 ——_—_+4 (pio -P)*¥+¥g “Ty 2 tye -goms90 moss ® [po Nee }f+00-™ 3 3 yermmnoog 008 ze eon" D semor9 wos 8 y emynozo9 PLO=D sm, [5-7] (a-G) "pom 00+ [s-Pla-o 90-7 PHOo.1d a=-01d Calculate Ag from Calculate As from 0.67 feu aB= fy. A, Mux fu. A, (d- 21d vie 3 ( ja) natu check A Smmin.= (0.225 View) bdSummary of design using first principles cles coud CL UL gi IF required to design the section using economic depth. For R-sec. take |a=0.20d f L Ala For T-sec. sane a=0.9ts rts! la or L-sec. t ! | L IF required to design the section using minimum depth. ForR-sec. take @=Qmar & Ag =As max For T-sec. take =Qmaz without As or L—sec.Example. Myu,.= 600 kN.m fow= 30 N/mné 1200 -— — 100 f= 400N/mnt My.1,.= 600 kN.m 650 Calculate the required Ag Solution. The section is T-Sec. “ir Qmin= 0.100 = 0.10 +600=60 mm 600 Qmax~ 0-8(2) [ 00+ (E\t) ]- dl = 0.837 d -0.837+600 = 202.2mam oerfeu 4200, ioe “100 Mager feta) Flang = 30 ~ 100 0.67 ($2, (1200) (100)(600 90) = 884400000 N.mm = 884.4 kN.m * Must. 4< ts— Calculate a from My,= 0.67 fou a B(a- 4 jo + 600+ 10° 0.67 (2) (a )(1200 )(600 --&) “LOL = 65.79mm & Onn SH o.1d Calculate 4 From, 0.67 foe aB= fA, je 0.67 ($2) (66.79)(1200) = (490)A, _, A Sreq7 3041 mm? Check Asinin eyabuall _ VFou' W5O ) 9, pop = 2 Bain bd= (0225+ ft Joa = (0226+ “00 ) 260 +600 = 462.1 mm * As,.> HinnO@ + Take Ag= As.g= 3041 mmé 1 650 | [| 3041 mm?Example. A fou= 30 N/mrk | 600 —| f= 400N/mné f 100 My.1.= 600 kN.m 650 Calculate the required Ag 250 Solution. rhe section is T-Sec. T Omin= 0.100 = 0.102600 =60 mm Ormax 0-8 (2) [ we +0 ~0.887d -0.887+600 -202.2mm oe7fou 600 —-, bo ¢, | “100 i M = 0.67 fos Bt(d- fs) Flang — = 0.67 (32) (600) (100) (600 - £92) = 442200000 N.mm = 442.2 kN.m + Myt.> Mrunge —> &> ts 100Calculate @ from 250 My,= 0.67 fe a+b [a- 2] + 0.67 fest, (B-b) [a- &] 560*10'=0.67($2)( a) (260) (600- y+ 0.67 (32) (100) (600- 260) (00-128 » [= 169.14mm Ung WK Ang, OK. Caleulate Ag from 0.67 fou aob + 0.67 fou ots (B-b) = freA, -. 0.67 ($2) (169.14)(260) + 0.67 ($2) (100) (600-250) = Ff 7) £ A, =2977 mné Check Asimin uta - VFou V80.) 2¢0 «600 = 2 Bain OF = (o2e5-55™)od- (0.226- 122) 260 +600 = 462.1mm * As,.> PininO@ +. Take Ag= As,47 2977 mné 600 ro FE i: “100 q 660 | _ 2977 mm? 250Example. 500) ——_—_— 100_ | fou = 25 N/mné t £,,= 350N/mnt | —lagol— My1.= 350 kN.m Using first principles, design the section for bending With min Depth. & without Ay Req. Solution. The section is R-Sec. y r 1 7 500— . 100_ pa. TT ad se 2 q L tta- | tla C, £ —!250'— 0.67 Se be My, = 350 kN.m To calculate Amin use, A=Amax > A,=-A Smax 2 600 - maz °-8(2) [555 Ge) EAE) ]-d-0.353 d From the code table 4-1» fy = 350 —» [= 5.28010 efey Pinar = 5-284 10s Foy = 5.28 10*(25) = 0.0132 As. = Hb d = 0.0132 (250) d = 3.300From My, = 0.67 foe mae b (Amin - & z) é + 350 #10 = 0.67 (25) (0.353 d.,.) (260) (Qinin- 9.883 min) “ Qinin= 656.72 mm Take | d=700mm|, |t=750mm - Calculate As from As =3.300 = 3.30 (656.72) = 2167.1 mv max Asg=Asg = 2167.1 mri max -— 500—, 700| —| 2167.1 mnt 250Example. | 800 fow= 25 N/mné 100° t f= 350N/mnt | Red sing first principles design the _250,_ section for bending , with minimum depth Vv M,, = 350 kn. & with Ag OL. ™ Solution. rhe section is R-Sec. ty To get Amin Ts & =O max ’ A,= Ag + As ’ Ag= As A Siu= 04Ag=0.4(Ag+Ax ) 0.4(p bd + Asnar) » Asia + Aging, = 0.4 bd + 0.4 Asia + 0.6 Ag = 0.4 bd A Snae= § Pmaz® &Omax= 0.8 (2) [wos tne ]-d-0.353 d From the code table 4-1» fy = 350» Ih, = 5.28410 «fou Pinar = 5-284 10+ fey, = 5.28 +10 (25) = 0.0132 As. = bb d = 0.0132 (250) d =3.30d Asia: = % Mb d =2 (0.0132) (250) d = 2.200 > 500-— 5 d-d a —! 250'— My, 1, = 850 kN.m Calculate O min from My. 0.67 82 0, (Og = Aye) + fy Ag acl ane ) min 2 850*10 0.67(25)(0.358d) (250)(d - 2.963) (382) (@20d) (d-50) 2 =497.55mm Toke, |d = 500mm , | t = 550 mm &- Calculate As & Ag Asmax= 3-30 = 3.80 (497.55) = 1641.91 mnt Ag = 2.20 d= 2.20 (497.55) = 1094.61 mri As=Ags = 1094.61 mm ‘max Ags. Ag +As\ = 1641.91 + 1094.61 = 2736.5 mnt inde“ Snax Ag = 2736.5 mm 2736.5 mm 600 | —| 1094.61 mn 250Basic Considerations For Design In The Egyptian Code ST] seal 99) ad pyrene dele) OI Lie VI 6 is T paeatll ahe Ladys gh Leis Gary geal og gd OL Lael ose a gs + Ag! QIU gill Abrams yg lad oS$all dan yl gl! Alans -1 Pext.=Piyr, » Mexr.=Minr, » Qexr.= Qnr. eel wey patina Glan flay Yael! aS CURRY pkiaaall claw! JSD -¥ + Aled StS gd lacks /| i Strain Diagram / 45 agdn gay Lee dale sadl y atoll yy epnS hols 093 ayny — 1 No Slippage sso) Glued 525) of Slippage No Stippag? &+ etyhay AAI) JS pg apdel gh plied y atl dun Gla sll daglle Yaad -E Weeden EY ge By yao dag 235 Fg care pgactll gb AEaplall ode plain -0 fy p 420N/m 0.003 ys moment J dazed SUL Eoy dadall ys olor flab! 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