I.
DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL
HERITAGE
Article 1
For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered
as "cultural heritage":
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture
and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature,
inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features.
groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which,
because of their architecture, their homogeneity,
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and
areas including archaeological sites.
Article 2
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered
as "natural heritage":
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or
groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value
from the aesthetic or scientific point of view.
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated
areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals
and plants.
Article 3
It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate
the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles
1 and 2 above.
II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL
PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL
HERITAGE
Article 4
Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of
ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation,
and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural
heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory,
belongs primarily to that State.
Article 5
To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the
protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural
heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention
shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each
country:
(a) to adopt a general policy which aims to give
the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the
community.
(b) to set up within its territories, where such
services do not exist, one or more services for the
protection, conservation.
(c) to develop scientific and technical studies and
research and to work out such operating methods.
(d) to take the appropriate legal, scientific,
technical, administrative, and financial measures.
(e) to foster the establishment or development of
national or regional centers for training in the protection,
conservation.
Article 6
1. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose
territory the cultural and natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and
2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by
national legislation,
2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of
this Convention, to give their help in the identification, protection,
conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage.
3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any
deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the
cultural and natural heritage.
Article 7
For the purpose of this Convention, international protection
of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean
the establishment of a system of international cooperation and
assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in
their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage.
III INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF
THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural
and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the
World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable
representation of the different regions and cultures of the world.
3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the
Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a
representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may
be added.
Article 9
1. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage
Committee shall extend from the end of the ordinary
session of the General Conference during which they are
elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary
session.
2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated
at the time of the first election shall, however, cease at the
end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference
following that at which they were elected.
3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their
representatives’ persons qualified in the field of the cultural
or natural heritage.
Article 10
1. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of
Procedure.
2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private.
organizations or individuals to participate in its
meetings for consultation on particular problems.
3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as
it deems necessary for the performance of its
functions.
Article 11
1. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as
possible, submit to the World Heritage Committee an
inventory of property forming part of the cultural and
natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable
for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of
this Article.
2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in
accordance with paragraph 1, the Committee shall
establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title
of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming
part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage,
3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List
requires the consent of the State concerned. The
inclusion of a property situated in a territory,
sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by
more than one State shall in no way prejudice the
rights of the parties to the dispute.
4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and
publish, whenever circumstances shall so require,
under the title of "list of World Heritage in Danger", a
list of the property appearing in the World Heritage List
for the conservation of which major operations are
necessary and for which assistance has been requested
under this Convention.
5. The Committee shall define the criteria based on which a property
belonging to the cultural or natural heritage may be included in either
of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of these articles.
6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists
mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of these articles, the Committee
shall consult the State Party in whose territory the cultural or natural
property in question is situated.
7. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned,
co-ordinate and encourage the studies and research needed for the
drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of these
articles.
Article 12
The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural
heritage has not been included in either of the two lists
mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall in no
way be construed to mean that it does not have an
outstanding universal value for purposes other than those
resulting from inclusion in these lists.
Article 13
1. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study
requests for international assistance formulated by
States Parties to this Convention with respect to
property forming part of the cultural or natural
heritage.
2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph
1 of this article may also be concerned with
identification of cultural or natural property defined in
Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary investigations have
shown that further inquiries would be justified.
3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken
with regard to these requests, determine where
appropriate, the nature and extent of its assistance,
and authorize the conclusion.
4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities
for its operations. It shall in so doing bear in mind the
respective importance for the world cultural and
natural heritage of the property requiring protection.
5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and
publicize a list of property for which international
assistance has been granted.
6. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources
of the Fund established under Article 15 of this
Convention. It shall seek ways of increasing these
resources and shall take all useful steps to this end.
7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and
national governmental and non-governmental
organizations having objectives similar to those of this
Convention.
8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a
majority of two-thirds of its members present and
voting. A majority of the members of the Committee
shall constitute a quorum.
Article 14
1. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a
Secretariat appointed by the Director-General of the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization, utilizing to the fullest
extent possible the services of the International Centre for
the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of
Cultural Property (the Rome Centre),
IV FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND
NATURAL HERITAGE
Article 15
1. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is
hereby established. 9
2. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the
provisions of the Financial Regulations of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:
(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States
Parties to this Convention,
 (b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:
(i) other States;
(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization, other organizations of the United Nations
system, particularly the United Nations Development
Programme or other intergovernmental organizations; (iii)
public or private bodies or individuals;
(c) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;
(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for
the benefit of the fund; and
(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as drawn
up by the World Heritage Committee.
4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made
available to the Committee may be used only for such purposes as the
Committee shall define.
Article 16
1. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary
contribution, the States Parties to this Convention
undertake to pay regularly, every two years, to the
World Heritage Fund, contributions.
2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in
Article 32 of this Convention may declare, at the time
of the deposit of its instrument of ratification,
acceptance or accession, that it shall not be bound by
the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the
declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article
may at any time withdraw the said declaration by
notifying the Director-General of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its
operations effectively, the contributions of States
Parties to this Convention which have made the
declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article,
5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears
with the payment of its compulsory or voluntary
contribution for the current year and the calendar year
immediately preceding it shall not be eligible as a
Member of the World Heritage Committee, although
this provision shall not apply to the first election.
Article 17
The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or
encourage the establishment of national public and private
foundations or associations whose purpose is to invite
donations for the protection of the cultural and natural
heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.
Article 18
The States Parties to this Convention shall give their
assistance to international fund-raising campaigns
organized for the World Heritage Fund under the auspices
of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the
bodies mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this
purpose.
V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL
ASSISTANCE
Article 19
Any State Party to this Convention may request
international assistance for property forming part of the
cultural or natural heritage of outstanding universal value
situated within its territory.
Article 20
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13, sub-
paragraph (c) of Article 22 and Article 23, international
assistance provided for by this Convention may be granted
only to property forming part of the cultural and natural
heritage .
Article 21
1. The World Heritage Committee shall define the
procedure by which requests to it for international
assistance shall be considered and shall specify the
content of the request, which should define the
operation contemplated, the work that is necessary,
the expected cost thereof,
2. Requests based upon disasters or natural calamities
should, by reasons of the urgent work which they may
involve, be given immediate, priority consideration by
the Committee, which should have a reserve fund at its
disposal against such contingencies.
3. Before coming to a decision, the Committee shall carry
out such studies and consultations as it deems
necessary.
Article 22
Assistance granted by the World Heritage Fund may take the following
forms:
(a) studies concerning the artistic, scientific and technical
problems raised by the protection, conservation,
presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural
heritage, as defined in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 of
this Convention.
(b) provisions of experts, technicians and skilled labour to
ensure that the approved work is correctly carried out; (
c) training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of
identification, protection, conservation, presentation and
rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage;
(d) supply of equipment which the State concerned does
not possess or is not in a position to acquire.
(e) low-interest or interest-free loans which might be
repayable on a long-term basis;
(f) the granting, in exceptional cases and for special reasons,
of non-repayable subsidies.
Article 23
The World Heritage Committee may also provide
international assistance to national or regional centres for
the training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of
identification, protection, conservation, presentation and
rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage.
Article 24
International assistance on a large scale shall be preceded
by detailed scientific, economic and technical studies. These
studies shall draw upon the most advanced techniques for
the protection, conservation, presentation and
rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage.
Article 25
As a general rule, only part of the cost of work necessary
shall be borne by the international community. The
contribution of the State benefiting from international
assistance shall constitute a substantial share of the
resources devoted to each programme or project, unless its
resources do not permit this.
Article 26
The World Heritage Committee and the recipient State shall
define in the agreement they conclude the conditions in
which a programme or project for which international
assistance under the terms of this Convention is provided,
shall be carried out.
VI. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES
Article 27
1. The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavor by all
appropriate means, and in particular by educational and
information programmes, to strengthen appreciation and
respect by their peoples of the cultural and natural heritage
defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention.
2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadly informed
of the dangers threatening this heritage and of the activities
carried on in pursuance of this Convention.
Article 28
States Parties to this Convention which receive international
assistance under the Convention shall take appropriate
measures to make known the importance of the property
for which assistance has been received and the role played
by such assistance.
VII. REPORTS
Article 29
1. The States Parties to this Convention shall, in the reports
which they submit to the General Conference of the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on
dates and in a manner to be determined by it.
2. These reports shall be brought to the attention of the
World Heritage Committee.
3. The Committee shall submit a report on its activities at
each of the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.
VIII FINAL CLAUSES
Article 30
This Convention is drawn up in Arabic, English, French,
Russian and Spanish, the five texts being equally
authoritative.
Article 31
1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification or
acceptance by States members of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in
accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
2. The instruments of ratification or acceptance shall be
deposited with the DirectorGeneral of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Article 32
1. This Convention shall be open to accession by all States
not members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization which are invited by the General
Conference of the Organization to accede to it.
2. Accession shall be affected by the deposit of an
instrument of accession with the Director-General of the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.
Article 33
This Convention shall enter into force three months after
the date of the deposit of the twentieth instrument of
ratification, acceptance or accession, but only with respect
to those States which have deposited their respective
instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession on or
before that date.
Article 34
The following provisions shall apply to those States Parties to this
Convention which have a federal or non-unitary constitutional
system:
(a) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the
implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction
of the federal or central legislative power.
(b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the
implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction
of individual constituent States, countries, provinces.
Article 35
1. Each State Party to this Convention may denounce the
Convention.
 2. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in
writing, deposited with the Director-General of the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

3. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after

the receipt of the instrument of denunciation. It shall not
affect the financial obligations of the denouncing State until
the date on which the withdrawal takes effect.

Article 36

The Director-General of the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization shall inform the States
members of the Organization.

Article 37

1. This Convention may be revised by the General

Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization.

2. If the General Conference should adopt a new convention

revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the
new convention otherwise provides.

Article 38

In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United

Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the
Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the
Director-General of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization.
_

________________________________________________________________

Fourteenth Congress

Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-seventh

day of July, two thousand nine.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10066

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF

THE NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS (NCCA) AND
ITS AFFILIATED CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the

Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "National

Cultural Heritage Act of 2009".

Section 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies. - Sections 14, 15, 16

and 17, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution declare that the State
shall foster the preservation, enrichment and dynamic evolution of a
Filipino culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate
of free artistic and intellectual expression.

(a)Protect, preserve, conserve and promote the nation's

cultural heritage, its property and histories, and the
ethnicity of local communities;

(b)Establish and strengthen cultural institutions; and

(c)Protect cultural workers and ensure their professional

development and well-being.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following

terms shall be defined as follows:
(a) "Adaptive reuse" shall refer to the utilization of buildings, other
built-structures and sites of value for purposes other than that for
which they were intended originally, in order to conserve the site,
their engineering integrity and authenticity of design.
(b) "Anthropological area" shall refer to any place where studies of
specific ethno-linguistic groups are undertaken, the properties of
which are of value to our cultural heritage.
(c) "Antique" shall refer to a cultural property found locally which is
one hundred (100) years in age, more or less, the production of which
has ceased.
(d) "Archaeological area" shall refer to any place, whether above or
under ground, underwater or at sea level, containing fossils, artifacts
and other cultural, geological, botanical, zoological materials.
e) "Archives" shall refer to public and private records in any format
which have been selected for permanent preservation because of
their evidential, historical informational value.
(f) "Built heritage" shall refer to architectural and engineering
structures such as, but not limited to, bridges, government buildings,
houses of ancestry, traditional dwellings, quartels, train stations,
lighthouses, small ports, educational, technological and industrial
complexes,
g) "Collector" shall refer to any person who or institution that
acquires cultural property for purposes other than sale.
(h) "Commission" shall refer to the National Commission for Culture
and the Arts (NCCA).
i) "Conservation" shall refer to all the processes and measures of
maintaining the cultural significance of a cultural property including,
but not limited to, preservation, restoration, reconstruction,
protection, adaptation or any combination thereof.
(j) "Cultural agencies" shall refer to the following national
government agencies with their specific areas of responsibility:
National Museum (cultural property); the National Library (books);
National Historical Institute (Philippine history); National Archives
(documents); Cultural Center of the Philippines (culture and the arts);
and Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (language).
(k) "Cultural education" shall refer to the teaching and learning of
cultural concepts and processes.
(l) "Cultural heritage" shall refer to the totality of cultural property
preserved and developed through time and passed on to posterity.
(m) "Cultural heritage worker" shall refer to an individual
undertaking cultural heritage work.
(n) "Cultural institution" shall refer to entities engaged primarily in
cultural work.
(o) "Cultural property" shall refer to all products of human creativity
by which a people and a nation reveal their identity, including
churches, mosques and other places of religious worship, schools and
natural history specimens and sites,
(p) "Dealers" shall refer to natural or juridical persons who acquire
cultural property for the purpose of engaging in the acquisition and
disposition of the same.
(q) "Heritage zone" shall refer to historical, anthropological,
archaeological, artistic geographical areas and settings that are
culturally significant to the country, as declared hy the National
Museum and/or the National Historical Institute.
(r) "History" shall refer to a written record of past events relating to
Philippine history.
(s) "Historical landmarks" shall refer to sites or structures that are
associated with events or achievements significant to Philippine
history as declared by the National Historical Institute.
(t) "Historical monuments" shall refer to structures that honor
illustrious persons or commemorate events of historical value as
declared by the National Historical Institute.
(u) "Historical shrines" shall refer to historical sites or structures
hallowed and revered for their history or association as declared by
the National Historical Institute.
(v) "Historical street name" shall refer to a street name which has
been in existence for at least fifty (50) years and over time has been
considered historic.
(w) "Important cultural property" shall refer to a cultural property
having exceptional cultural, artistic and historical significance to the
Philippines, as shall be determined by the National Museum and/or
National Historical Institute.
(x) "Intangible cultural heritage" shall refer to the practices,
representations, expressions, knowledge and skills, as well as the
instruments, objects and artifacts associated therewith, that
communities, groups and individuals recognize as part of their
cultural heritage, such as:
(1) oral traditions, languages and expressions;
(2) performing arts;
(3) social practices, rituals and festive events;
(4) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the
universe; and (5) traditional craftsmanship.
(y) "Intangible cultural property" shall refer to the peoples' learned
processes along with the knowledge, skills and creativity that inform
and are developed by them, the products they create and the
resources, spaces and other aspects of social and natural context
necessary for their sustainability.
(z) "Library" shall refer to an institution where the collection of books,
manuscripts, computerized information and other materials are
organized to provide physical, bibliographic and/or intellectual access
to the public, with a librarian that is trained to provide services and
programs related to the information needs of its clientele.
(aa) "Museum" shall refer to a permanent institution that researches,
acquires, conserves, communicates and exhibits the material
evidence of humans and their environment for purposes of education
or leisure.
(bb) "National cultural treasure" shall refer to a unique cultural
property found locally, possessing outstanding historical, cultural,
artistic and/or scientific value which is highly significant and
important to the country and nation, and officially declared as such
by pertinent cultural agency.
(cc) "Nationally significant" shall refer to historical, aesthetic,
scientific, technical, social and/or spiritual values that unify the nation
by a deep sense of pride in their various yet common identities,
cultural heritage and national patrimony.
(dd) "Natural property of cultural significance" shall refer to areas
possessing outstanding ecosystem with flora and fauna of national
scientific importance under the National Integrated Protected Areas
System.
(ee) "NCCA Portal Cultural Databank" refers to the specific domain in
the Commission's intranet for cultural information that is accessed
only internally with control and confidentiality. It includes the registry
of national cultural property.
(ff) "Prehistory" shall refer to the period of human history before the
introduction of the forms of writing.
(gg) "Registry" shall refer to the Philippine Registry of Cultural
Property which is the registry of all cultural property of the country
deemed of significant importance to our cultural heritage.
(hh) "Restoration" shall refer to the action taken or the technical
intervention to correct deterioration and alterations.
(ii) "Tangible cultural property" shall refer to a cultural property with
historical, archival, anthropological, archaeological, artistic and
architectural value, and with exceptional or traditional production,
whether of Philippine origin or not, including antiques and natural
history specimens with significant value.
________________________________________
THE VENICE CHARTER
LA CHARTE DE VENISE
(1964-1994)
INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND
RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES
Ind International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic
Monuments, Venice,
1964. Adopted by ICOMOS in 1965. Imbued with a message
from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people
remain to the present day as living witnesses to their age-old
traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the
unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common
heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future
generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full
richness of their authenticity.
It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation
and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed upon and be
laid down on an international basis, with each country being
responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own
culture and traditions.
By defining these basic principles for the first time, the
Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an
extensive intentional movement which has assumed concrete form in
national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the
establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study
of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property.
Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on
problems which have continually become more complex and varied;
now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to
make a thorough study of the principles, involved and to enlarge its
scope in a new document.
Accordingly, the Ind International Congress of Architects and
Technicians of Historic Monuments which met in Venice from May
25th to 31st, 1964, approved the following text:
DEFINITIONS
ARTICLE 1.
The concept of an historic monument embraces not only
the single architectural work but also the urban or rural setting in
which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant
development, or an historic event. This applies not only to great
works of arts but also to more modest works of the past which have
acquired cultural significance with the passing of time.
ARTICLE 2.
The conservation and restoration of monuments must have
recourse to all the sciences and techniques which can contribute to
the study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage.
ARTICLE 3.
The intention in conserving and restoring monuments is to
safeguard them no less as works of art than as historical evidence.
CONSERVATION
ARTICLE 4.
It is essential to the conservation of monuments that they
be maintained on a permanent basis.
ARTICLE 5.
The conservation of monuments is always facilitated by
making use of them for some socially useful purpose. Such use is
therefore desirable, but it must not change the lay-out or decoration
of the building. It is within this limit only that modifications demanded
by a change of function should be envisaged and may be permitted.
ARTICLE 6. T
he conservation of a monument implies preserving a setting
which is not out of scale. Wherever the traditional setting exists, it
must be kept. No new construction, demolition, or modification
which would alter the relations or mass and color must be allowed.
ARTICLE 7.
A monument is inseparable from the history to which it
bears witness and from the setting in which it is located. The moving
of all or part of a monument cannot be allowed except where the
safeguarding of that monument demands it or where it is justified by
national or international interests of paramount importance.
ARTICLE 8.
Items of sculpture, painting or decoration which form an
integral part of a monument may only be removed from it if this is the
sole means of ensuring their preservation.
RESTORATION
ARTICLE 9.
The process of restoration is a highly specialized operation.
Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the
monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic
documents. It must stop at the point where conjecture begins and in
this case moreover any extra work which is indispensable must be
distinct from the architectural composition and must bear a
contemporary stamp.
ARTICLE 10.
Where traditional techniques prove inadequate, the
consolidation of a monument can be achieved by the use of any
modern technique for conservation and construction, the efficacy of
which has been shown by scientific data and proved by experience.
ARTICLE 11.
The valid contributions of all periods to the building of a
monument must be respected since unity of style is not the aim of a
restoration. When a building includes the superimposed work of
different periods, the revealing of the underlying state can only be
justified in exceptional circumstances.
ARTICLE 12.
Replacement of missing parts must integrate harmoniously
with the original so that restoration does not falsify the artistic or
historic evidence.
ARTICLE 13.
Additions cannot be allowed except in so far as they do not
detract from the interesting parts of the building, its traditional
setting, the balance of its composition and relation with its
surroundings.
HISTORIC SITES
ARTICLE 14.
The sites of monuments must be the object of special care
in order to safeguard their integrity and ensure that they are cleared
and presented in a seemly manner. The work of conservation and
restoration carried out in such places should be inspired by the
principles set forth in the foregoing articles.
EXCAVATIONS
ARTICLE 15.
Excavation should be carried out in accordance with
scientific standards and the recommendation defining international
principles to be applied in the case of archaeological excavation
adopted by UNESCO in 1956. Ruins must be maintained and measures
necessary for the permanent conservation and protection of
architectural features and objects discovered must be taken.
PUBLICATION
ARTICLE 16.
In all works of preservation, restoration or excavation, there
should always be precise documentation in the form of analytical and
critical reports, illustrated with drawings and photographs.
___________________________________________________
ICOMOS CHARTER- PRINCIPLES FOR THE ANALYSIS,
CONSERVATION AND STRUCTURAL RESTORATION OF
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE (2003)
Ratified by the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly in Victoria Falls,
Zimbabwe, in 2003
PRINCIPLES
PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT
Structures of architectural heritage, by their very nature
and history (material and assembly), present a number of challenges
in diagnosis and restoration that limit the application of modern legal
codes and building standards. Recommendations are desirable and
necessary to both ensure rational methods of analysis and repair
methods appropriate to the cultural context.
1.1 Conservation, reinforcement and restoration of architectural
heritage requires a multidisciplinary approach.
1.2 Value and authenticity of architectural heritage cannot be based
on fixed criteria because the respect due to all cultures also requires
that its physical heritage be considered within the cultural context to
which it belongs.
1.3 The value of architectural heritage is not only in its appearance,
but also in the integrity of all its components as a unique product of
the specific building technology of its time. In particular the removal
of the inner structures maintaining only the façades does not fit the
conservation criteria.
1.4 When any change of use or function is proposed, all the
conservation requirements and safety conditions have to be carefully
taken into account. 1.5 Restoration of the structure in Architecture
Heritage is not an end in itself but a means to an end, which is the
building as a whole.
1.6 The peculiarity of heritage structures, with their complex history,
requires the organization of studies and proposals in precise steps
that are similar to those used in medicine.
1.7 No action should be undertaken without having ascertained the
achievable benefit and harm to the architectural heritage, except in
cases where urgent safeguard measures are necessary to avoid the
imminent collapse of the structures (e.g. after seismic damages);
2 Researches and diagnosis
2.1 Usually a multidisciplinary team, to be determined in relation to
the type and the scale of the problem, should work together from the
first steps of a study - as in the initial survey of the site and the
preparation of the investigation program.
2.2 Data and information should first be processed approximately, to
establish a more comprehensive plan of activities in proportion to the
real problems of the structures.
2.3 A full understanding of the structural and material characteristics
is required in conservation practice. Information is essential on the
structure in its original and earlier states, on the techniques that were
used in the construction, on the alterations and their effects, on the
phenomena that have occurred, and, finally, on its present state.
2.4 In archaeological sites specific problems may be posed because
structures have to be stabilised during excavation when knowledge is
not yet complete. The structural responses to a “rediscovered”
building may be completely different from those to an” exposed”
building.
2.5 Diagnosis is based on historical, qualitative and quantitative
approaches; the qualitative approach being mainly based on direct
observation of the structural damage and material decay as well as
historical and archaeological research,
2.6 Before making a decision on structural intervention it is
indispensable to determine first the causes of damage and decay, and
then to evaluate the safety level of the structure.
2.7 The safety evaluation, which is the last step in the diagnosis,
where the need for treatment measures is determined, should
reconcile qualitative with quantitative analysis: direct observation,
historical research, structural analysis and, if it is the case,
experiments and tests.
2.8 Often the application of the same safety levels as in the design of
new buildings requires excessive, if not impossible, measures. In
these cases specific analyses and appropriate considerations may
justify different approaches to safety.
2.9 All aspects related to the acquired information, the diagnosis
including the safety evaluation, and the decision to intervene should
be described in an “EXPLANATORY REPORT”.
3 Remedial measures and controls
3.1 Therapy should address root causes rather than symptoms.
3.2 The best therapy is preventive maintenance
3.3 Safety evaluation and an understanding of the significance of the
structure should be the basis for conservation and reinforcement
measures.
3.4 No actions should be undertaken without demonstrating that they
are indispensable.
3.5 Each intervention should be in proportion to the safety objectives
set, thus keeping intervention to the minimum to guarantee safety
and durability with the least harm to heritage values.
3.6 The design of intervention should be based on a clear
understanding of the kinds of actions that were the cause of the
damage and decay as well as those that are taken into account for the
analysis of the structure after intervention.
3.7 The choice between “traditional” and “innovative” techniques
should be weighed up on a case-by-case basis and preference given
to those that are least invasive and most compatible with heritage
values, bearing in mind safety and durability requirements.
3.8 At times the difficulty of evaluating the real safety levels and the
possible benefits of interventions may suggest “an observational
method”,
3.9 Where possible, any measures adopted should be “reversible” so
that they can be removed and replaced with more suitable measures
when new knowledge is acquired. Where they are not completely
reversible, interventions should not limit further interventions.
3.10 The characteristics of materials used in restoration work (in
particular new materials) and their compatibility with existing
materials should be fully established. This must include long-term
impacts, so that undesirable side-effects are avoided.
3.11 The distinguishing qualities of the structure and its environment,
in their original or earlier states, should not be destroyed.
3.12 Each intervention should, as far as possible, respect the concept,
techniques and historical value of the original or earlier states of the
structure and leaves evidence that can be recognised in the future.
3.13 Intervention should be the result of an overall integrated plan
that gives due weight to the different aspects of architecture,
structure, installations and functionality.
3.14 The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive
architectural features should be avoided whenever possible.
3.15 Deteriorated structures whenever possible should be repaired
rather than replaced.

3.16 Imperfections and alterations, when they have become part of

the history of the structure, should be maintained so far so they do
not compromise the safety requirements.

3.17 Dismantling and reassembly should only be undertaken as an

optional measure required by the very nature of the materials and
structure when conservation by other means impossible, or harmful.

3.18 Provisional safeguard systems used during the intervention

should show their purpose and function without creating any harm to
heritage values.

3.19 Any proposal for intervention must be accompanied by a

programme of control to be carried out, as far as possible, while the
work is in progress.

3.20 Measures that are impossible to control during execution should

not be allowed.

3.21 Checks and monitoring during and after the intervention should
be carried out to ascertain the efficacy of the results.

3.22 All the activities of checking and monitoring should be

documented and kept as part of the history of the structure.

Levels of intervention:
_______________________________________________ Preservation:

Appleton Charter retention of the existing form, material, and integrity of site.

for the Protection and Enhancement of the Period Restoration:

Built Environment recovery of an earlier form, material, and integrity of a site.

Published by ICOMOS Canada under the auspices of the English- Rehabilitation:

Speaking Committee, Ottawa, Canada,
modification of a resource to contemporary functional
August 198 standards which may involve adaptation for new use. Period

Reconstruction:

A. Preamble recreation of vanished or irreversibly deteriorated

resources.
This charter acknowledges The International Charter for the
Conservation & Restoration of Monuments & Sites (Venice, Redevelopment:
1964), the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of
insertion of contemporary structures or additions
Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter of February 23,
sympathetic to the setting.
1981), and the Charter for the Preservation of Quebec's Heritage
(Declaration of Deschambault), without which it could not exist. Activities:

Maintenance:

continual activity to ensure the longevity of the resource

without irreversible or damaging intervention.

Stabilization:

a periodic activity to halt deterioration and to put the

existing form and materials of a site into a state of
equilibrium, with minimal change.
Removal:
a periodic activity: modification which involves the
subtraction of surfaces, layers, volumes and/or elements.
Addition:
a periodic activity: modification which involves the
introduction of new material.
B. Principles
Respect for the existing fabric is fundamental to
the activities of protection and enhancement.
The process of protection and enhancement must
recognize all interests and have recourse to all fields of
expertise which can contribute to the study and
safeguarding of a resource.
In intervening at the scales, levels and activities
described, measures in support of the protection and
enhancement of the built environment will involve
adherence to the following principles:
Protection:
Protection may involve stabilization; it must involve a
continuing programme of maintenance.
Artifactual value:
Sites of the highest cultural significance are to be considered
primarily as artifacts, demanding protection as fragile and
complex historical monuments.
Setting:
Any element of the built environment is inseparable from
the history to which it bears witness, and from the setting in
which it occurs. Consequently, all interventions must deal
with the whole as well as with the parts.
Relocation:
Relocation and dismantling of an existing resource should
be employed only as a last resort, if protection cannot be
achieved by any other means.
Enhancement:
The activities of removal or addition are characteristic of
measures in support of enhancement of the heritage
resource.
Use:
A property should be used for its originally intended
purpose. If this is not feasible, every reasonable effort shall
be made to provide a compatible use which requires
minimal alteration. Consideration of new use should begin
with respect for existing and original traditional patterns of
movement and layout.
Additions:
New volumes, materials and finishes may be required to
satisfy new uses or requirements. They should echo
contemporary ideas but respect and enhance the spirit of
the original.
Environmental Control:
Systems of insulation, environmental control and other
servicing should be upgraded in ways which respect the
existing and traditional equilibria and do not set in motion
processes of deterioration.
C. Practice Documentation:
The better a resource is understood and
interpreted, the better it will be protected and enhanced.
In order to properly understand and interpret a
site, there must be a comprehensive investigation of all
those qualities which invest a structure with significance.
This activity must precede activity at the site.
Work on site must itself be documented and recorded.
Conjecture:
Activities which involve the recovery or recreation of earlier
forms must be limited to those forms which can be achieved
without conjecture.
Distinguishability:
New work should be identifiable on close inspection or to
the trained eye, but should not impair the aesthetic
integrity or coherence of the whole.
Materials and techniques:
Materials and techniques should respect traditional practice
unless modern substitutes for which a firm scientific basis
exists, which have been supported by a body of experience
and which provide significant advantage can be identified.
Patina:
Patina forms part of the historic integrity of a resource, and
its destruction should be allowed only when essential to the
protection of the fabric. Falsification of patina should be
avoided.
Reversibility:
The use of reversible processes is always to be preferred to
allow the widest options for future development or the
correction of unforeseen problems, or where the integrity
of the resource could be affected.
Integrity:
Structural and technological integrity must be respected
and will require attention to performance as well as to
appearance.
______________________________________
History
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United
Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace
and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At
its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are
an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing -
in a global partnership. They recognize that ending poverty and other
deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve
health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth –
all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans
and forests.
The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, including
the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
• In June 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
more than 178 countries adopted Agenda 21, a
comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership
for sustainable development to improve human lives and
protect the environment.
• Member States unanimously adopted the Millennium
Declaration at the Millennium Summit in September 2000
at UN Headquarters in New York. The Summit led to the
elaboration of eight Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.
• The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development
and the Plan of Implementation, adopted at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development in South Africa in
2002, reaffirmed the global community's commitments to
poverty eradication and the environment, and built on
Agenda 21 and the Millennium Declaration by including
more emphasis on multilateral partnerships.
• At the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development (Rio+20) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June
2012, Member States adopted the outcome document "The
Future We Want" in which they decided, inter alia, to launch
a process to develop a set of SDGs to build upon the MDGs
and to establish the UN High-level Political Forum on
Sustainable Development. The Rio +20 outcome also
contained other measures for implementing sustainable
development, including mandates for future programmes of
work in development financing, small island developing
states and more.
• In 2013, the General Assembly set up a 30-member Open
Working Group to develop a proposal on the SDGs.
• In January 2015, the General Assembly began the
negotiation process on the post-2015 development agenda.
The process culminated in the subsequent adoption of
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17
SDGs at its core, at the UN Sustainable Development
Summit in September 2015.
• 2015 was a landmark year for multilateralism and
international policy shaping, with the adoption of several
major agreements:
• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction (March 2015)
• Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for
Development (July 2015)
• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development with its 17 SDGs was
adopted at the UN Sustainable Development
Summit in New York in September 2015.
• Paris Agreement on Climate Change (December
2015)
Now, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable
Development serves as the central UN platform for the
follow-up and review of the SDGs.
1. NO POVERTY
Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Eradicating extreme poverty for all people everywhere by
2030 is a pivotal goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. Extreme poverty, defined as surviving on less than
$2.15 per person per day at 2017 purchasing power parity, has
witnessed remarkable declines over recent decades.
However, the emergence of COVID-19 marked a turning
point, reversing these gains as the number of individuals living in
extreme poverty increased for the first time in a generation by almost
90 million over previous predictions.
2. ZERO HUNGER
Goal 2: Zero Hunger
Goal 2 is about creating a world free of hunger by 2030.The
global issue of hunger and food insecurity has shown an alarming
increase since 2015, a trend exacerbated by a combination of factors
including the pandemic, conflict, climate change, and deepening
inequalities.
By 2022, approximately 735 million people – or 9.2% of the
world’s population – found themselves in a state of chronic hunger –
a staggering rise compared to 2019. This data underscores the
severity of the situation, revealing a growing crisis.
3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all
at all ages.
Great strides have been made in improving people’s health
in recent years. 146 out of 200 countries or areas have already met or
are on track to meet the SDG target on under-5 mortality. Effective
HIV treatment has cut global AIDS-related deaths by 52 per cent since
2010 and at least one neglected tropical disease has been eliminated
in 47 countries.
However, inequalities in health care access still persist. The
COVID-19 pandemic and other ongoing crises have impeded progress
towards Goal 3. Childhood vaccinations have experienced the largest
decline in three decades, and tuberculosis and malaria deaths have
increased compared with pre-pandemic levels.
4. QUALITY EDUCATION
Progress towards quality education was already slower than
required before the pandemic, but COVID-19 has had devastating
impacts on education, causing learning losses in four out of five of the
104 countries studied.
Without additional measures, an estimated 84 million children
and young people will stay out of school by 2030 and approximately
300 million students will lack the basic numeracy and literacy skills
necessary for success in life.
5. GENDER EQUALITY
Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women
and girls
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but
a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable
world. There has been progress over the last decades, but the world
is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030.
Women and girls represent half of the world’s population
and therefore also half of its potential. But gender inequality persists
everywhere and stagnates social progress.
6. CLEAR WATER AND SANITATION
Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all
Access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene is the most
basic human need for health and well-being. Billions of people will
lack access to these basic services in 2030 unless progress quadruples.
Demand for water is rising owing to rapid population growth,
urbanization and increasing water needs from agriculture, industry,
and energy sectors.
The demand for water has outpaced population growth,
and half the world’s population is already experiencing severe water
scarcity at least one month a year. Water scarcity is projected to
increase with the rise of global temperatures as a result of climate
change.
7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and
modern energy
Goal 7 is about ensuring access to clean and affordable
energy, which is key to the development of agriculture, business,
communications, education, healthcare and transportation.
The world continues to advance towards sustainable energy
targets – but not fast enough. At the current pace, about 660 million
people will still lack access to electricity and close to 2 billion people
will still rely on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking by 2030.
8. DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth,
employment and decent work for all
Goal 8 is about promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth,
employment and decent work for all.
Multiple crises are placing the global economy under
serious threat. Global real GDP per capita growth is forecast to slow
down in 2023 and with ever increasing challenging economic
conditions, more workers are turning to informal employment.
Globally, labor productivity has increased, and the
unemployment rate has decreased.
9. INDUSTRY, INNOVATIONS, AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 9 seeks to build resilient infrastructure, promote
sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
Economic growth, social development and climate action
are heavily dependent on investments in infrastructure, sustainable
industrial development, and technological progress. In the face of a
rapidly changing global economic landscape and increasing
inequalities, sustained growth must include industrialization that first
of all, makes opportunities accessible to all people, and second, is
supported by innovation and resilient infrastructure.
10. REDUCED INEQUALITIES
Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
Inequality threatens long-term social and economic
development, harms poverty reduction and destroys people’s sense
of fulfillment and self-worth.
The incomes of the poorest 40 per cent of the population
had been growing faster than the national average in most countries.
But emerging yet inconclusive evidence suggests that COVID-19 may
have put a dent in this positive trend of falling within-country
inequality.
11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 11 is about making cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Cities represent the future of global living. The world’s
population reached 8 billion on 2022 over half living in urban areas.
This figure is only expected to rise, with 70 per cent of people
expected to live in cities by 2050. Approximately 1.1 billion people
currently live in slums or slum-like conditions in cities, with 2 billion
more expected in the next 30 years.
However, many of these cities are not ready for this rapid
urbanization, and it outpaces the development of housing,
infrastructure and services, which led to a rise in slums or slum-like
conditions.
12. RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
Goal 12 is about ensuring sustainable consumption and
production patterns, which is key to sustain the livelihoods of current
and future generations.
Our planet is running out of resources, but populations are
continuing to grow. If the global population reaches 9.8 billion by
2050, the equivalent of almost three planets will be required to
provide the natural resources needed to sustain current lifestyles.
 13. CLIMATE ACTION 17. PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS
Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable
Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and
development
its impacts
Every person, in every country in every continent will be
Goal 17 is about revitalizing the global partnership for
impacted in some shape or form by climate change. There is a climate
sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda is universal and calls for
cataclysm looming, and we are underprepared for what this could
action by all countries – developed and developing – to ensure no one
mean.
is left behind. It requires partnerships between governments, the
Climate change is caused by human activities and threatens
private sector, and civil society.
life on earth as we know it. With rising greenhouse gas emissions,
The Sustainable Development Goals can only be realized with a
climate change is occurring at rates much faster than anticipated. Its
strong commitment to global partnership and cooperation to ensure
impacts can be devastating and include extreme and changing
no one is left behind in our journey to development.
weather patterns and rising sea levels.
However, not all countries are setting off from the same start
line, and low- and middle-income countries are facing a tidal wave of
14. LIFE BELOW WATER
debt which they are treading water.

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources
Goal 14 is about conserving and sustainably using the
oceans, seas and marine resources. Healthy oceans and seas are
essential to human existence and life on Earth.
The Ocean is intrinsic to our life on earth. Covering three-
quarters of the Earth’s surface, contain 97 percent of the Earth’s
water, and represent 99 percent of the living space on the planet by
volume.

15. LIFE ON LAND

Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and

reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
Goal 15 is about conserving life on land. It is to protect and
restore terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and stop
biodiversity loss.
Earth’s ecosystems are vital for sustaining human life, they
contribute to over half of global GDP and encompass diverse cultural,
spiritual, and economic values.
However, the world is facing a triple crisis of climate change,
pollution, and biodiversity loss.

16. PEACE, JUSTICE, AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

Goal 16 is about promoting peaceful and inclusive societies,

providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable
and inclusive institutions at all levels. People everywhere should be
free of fear from all forms of violence and feel safe as they go about
their lives whatever their ethnicity, faith or sexual orientation.
However, ongoing and new violent conflicts around the
world are derailing the global path to peace and achievement of Goal
16. Alarmingly, the year 2022 witnessed a more than 50 per cent
increase in conflict-related civilian deaths – the first since the
adoption of Agenda 2030 – largely due to the war in Ukraine.