CHU DE 1. DAI CUONG VE DAO DONG DIEU Ht IL. DAO BONG. 1, Dao déng: i cuyén dng 06 gidi han trong khéng gian, lip di Kip Iai nhieu lin quamh vi tri cn bang. 2. Dao dong tuén hoan: + La dao déng ma sau nhimg khoang théi gian bang nhau nhat dinh vat tro lai vi tri va chiéu chuyén dong nhur ci (tr Joi trang thai ban dau) + Chic 8 dao déng: li Khong thai gian agin nbit &€ wang thSi dao déng lip Tai nbw cf hodc 1a hosing thsi gian vat thyc hign m6t dao dng ton phan Gia the a= an _ At ; at 5 (s) vai la sé dao dag thue hign trong thoi gian Ar o + Tian sé la 38 dao d6ng toan phan ma. ea thyc hign duge trong mOt gidy hoje 1a dai lugng nghieh dio ciia chu ki le _N| 32 54 p(rad, (Hz) hay @ === = 27/| 7 df’) T 22 Mt we, DAO DONG DIEU HOA: |. Dink nghia: Dao cong dieu hia la dao dng trong, do li d6 ina vat la mét him cosin (hog sin) eva thé gian 2n 2. Plier rink dao ding [x= Acos(ex+a)]. (em) hove (mn) voi T= 2% 5 {°° o- : @=2nt > Che dgi lugng diac trung trong dao djing diéu hoe: + Lid6 x(mcm) (Wa d6) cita vat; cho biét dO Iéch va chidu Ich cua yat so voi VICB O, Bign dg A> O(mcm).« d6 én Ii d6 eue dai cla vat); cho biét dO Lech cue dai eta vat so voi VICB O. © Pha ban daw grad) ): xéc dink lid x vio thai diém ban du 4, =0 hay cho biét trang thai ban du cia vat ‘yao tho’ diém ban daw 4, =0 . Khi dé: 2%, = Acoso © Pha dao dong (ct 4 g@)(radt): nic dinh li d@ x vao thoi diém J hay cho biét trang thai dao dong (vi tri va chigu chuyén dng) cua vit 6 thei diém t © Taasé poe @ (rad/s): cho bid the dé bide thitn goc phiA. Vo 3. Phuong trink vin toc ctia vat dao déng diew how de oa if Mis (aaa =0A ®) (a ac (m, Ge > WEneAsin(or+ 0) =aAcos(ar+9+>) ( Wf) oe (17/ ) van t Nhgn.xer: . * Van 16c cia vat luda cing chi¢u voi chigu chuyén déng; vat chuyén dong theo chiéu duong = v > 0; vat chuyen ging, newrge chin curmg => v< 0; = Vn ibe eda vat dao dong didu hda bién thign didu hda cing tin s6 nhung s6m pha hon = so véi vai li dé * Van t6c doi chiéu tai vi tri bién; li do doi daw khi qua vi tri can bing, © Gvitri bien (x, =A): Délen y,,, = 0. © Oviui cin bing (x, =0): DO lon © — Quy dao dao dong dicu hoa 14 mgt dogn thing. 4. Phuong tink gia toc ctiu vit dao ding diéu hia. dy en / =a cos = efx] hay a=w'Acos my m a Acosta +9) =— oF x] hay a= A cox ptn)( m/,) ose (m/,) } Nignxet: * Gia tée cha vat dao dong diéu héa bién thidn diéu hoa cing tin 86 nhung nguge pha v6i li db hodc sém pha < so vi vin tbe, Veto gia 6c inn mime vé VPC O vi cd dd him t 6 v6 do em ea i 66, © Ovitri bién (x, 4A), gia téc 06 dé lon cue dai: [4a + Ovi ti can bing (x 0), gia téc bing a,,, =0% Khi wat chuyén dong, tir VICR ra bien tht vat chuyen dong cham dén => v.a<( hay a va v trai dav * Kht vat chuvén dong ur bien vé VIC thi vae chuyén dong nhanh dan => va>O hay ava v cing ddu. 5. Lye trong dao déng diéu hoe © Dink nghia: la hop Tue cia tat ca cae luc tae dyng len vat dao dng digu hia cdn goi Ti lye kéo ve hay lye hai phye. © Doe dis ~ Ludn hong ve VICB QO. = Co dé Jom 16 Vai li d6 nine 06 dau trai di vei li d6 x. jy = md = kx =—m,o".x =—-m.e' Acos(at +@).(N) han xét: * Lye kéo ve ctia vat dan déng diéu héa bien thién dicu héa cing tn $6 nhung neue pha véi Ti d6 (cing pha vei gia tc) = Vecto lye kéo vé di chidu khi vit qua VICB O va c6 dé lon ti 1 in voi dé len cua gia t6c, * OvitiCBOCas,,,=0) >|F,,|=Kx,,|=0 6. Do thi cia dao ding dieu hoa : + Gia sir vat dao dng digu hoa c6 phuong trinb Li: - Dé don gidn, ta chon @ = 0, a duge: x= Acosat = Acosta +@) f. => = Aasin at = A@cos(et + a = a=-0F v=-a' Acosan Mét s6 gia tri de bigt cia x, v, a nhur sau: t oO Ti4 3T4 T x A o 0 A v a +0 0 oA re | ata lo od 0 DB thi cia dao dng digu hoa la mot dudny bink sin % Da thi cfing cho thay sau mdi chu ki dao dng thi toa 49 x, vn thc v va gia tée a lap lai gid ti cf * CHOY: © Dothicuavtheox: —> ‘BO thi e6 dang elip (E). © Dé thi ciiaa theo x: —> DS thi eb dang la dogn thang, * Do thi ciiaa theo v: —> BA thi ¢6 dang clip (E). 7 a Hay |A? =~ + oo 8 Dao ding ne do (dao ding riéng) + La dao dng ctia hg xay ra dur6i tac dung chi ciia ndi Ine. _. + La dao déng cé tn 36 (tan $0 ge, chu ky) chi phu thude cdc dae tinh cua hé khdng phu thuée cde yéu t6 bén ngoai 9. Méilién hé gitea dao ding diéu hoa vi chnyén dong trin déu: Xet mét chat diém M chuyen dong tron déu trén mot durémg tron tam Q, ban kinh A ninr hinh ve Tai thoi diém t= 0: vi tri eda ehfit diém la Mp, xac dinh bai gde @+Tai thé: diém t ; vi ti cua chat didm LA M, xac dinh bai gée (et +) + Hinh chiéu edia M xudng tryc xx” 1d P, 6 toa dO x: x= OP =OMcos(ot +¢) Hay: x= A.cos(wt+) Ta thay: hinh chiéu P cia chat diém M dao déng diéu hoa quanh diém O, > Késtudn: a) Khi mdi elt diém chuyén dong du ten (O, A) voi we d§ yée w, thi chuyén déng cia hinh chiéu cua ehét diém xuéng mét true bac ki di que tam O, nim trong mat phaing quy dao la mét dao ding diéu hoa. | . b) Nauoe lai, mot dao dong dicu hoa bat ki, c6 thé cot nhwr hinh chiéu cua mot chuyén dOng trén dou xudng mot dudng thang nm trong mit phing qu¥ dao, dug, tran ban kinh bing bién dé A, t8c dé gée o bing tan sf gée cia dao dng diéu hoa. ¢) Bigu dign dao déng diéu hoa bing véeto quay: Cé thé biéu dién m6: dao déng diéu ho’ co phuong tink: x=A.cos(ct +) bing mét veeto quay A y + Goe vets tai O vr A 4 «Boda [A]~ A * +(A,Ox) ® 10. Dé léch pha trong dao dong diéu hoa: © Khii miém: li bigu 36 giita cae pha dao dong. Ki higu: [Ap = 9, —@| (rad). - Ap=—,—@, > 0. Ta noi: dai hong 2 nhanh phathay s6m pha) hon dai tuong | hoge dai hvgny | chim phachay trépha) 30 véi dai lugng 2. = Ap=y,—@, <0. Tandi: dai lngng 2 chim pha (hay tré pha) hon dai lugng | hoe ngurge lai - Ag=2km. Ta ndi: 2 dai huong ciing pha. = Ap=(2k+I1) x. Tandir? dai long nguce pha + Ap=(2k-+1)%, Tanéi:2 dai luong vuing pha, fm xe + V sém pha hom x gbe 7, : a séom pha hon v Ff, sa ngzece pha cov. %; igueere pha so vot CHU DE 2, CON LAC LO Xt A. LY THUY! 2. Chu tau: Con tae 0 x0 gm mot 16 x0 ¢6 d6 city k, khoi Luong KhOng dang ké, mot du gin o6 dinh, dau kia gin ‘¥6i ¥at-ABg khOi leomg m durge dBt theo Phuong tgang hod treo thing dime, + Con kic 16 x9 la mot he dao dény digu ho 2. Luc kéo v8: Lye gly ra dao dng diy hoa ludn luda huéng vé v ‘adi phuC. Late kéo ve rf cin bing va duge goi lat jew kéo vé hay lee 6 do ken ti 1é voi Ii dé va la Lye giy ra gia tbe cho vat dao dong diéu hoa. Biéu thite dat 36 cita hee kéo — Lye kéo vé ciia con lie 10 xo khdng phy thude vao khdi lugng vat. 3. Phuong trink dao dong: x = Acos(tat +9). Voi = | Chu ki vai tin sé dao don,©) Conde: W=W, +W, > Chis. Be. ean eee 00820. én bidu thite d6ng ning va thé ning sau khi ha bée la wow wow 1 Ls = east 2ut +26): Fa= + cos(2eat +29). Voi W =— lhe Wee Fy CUs2at +29); Fa 4 cos(anes 29). Vai W =m aha Vay dong nang va thé nding cua vat dao dong digu hoa bién thién voi tin 56 goe o'—2o, tin sé f—2E va chu ki 49 — Co nang cua con lac ti If von binh phirong bién do dao déng. — Coning cua eon Tie 19 xo khdng phu huge vio khdi lugng vat. ~ Co nang cua con lie due bao toan néu bo qua P(Bign tren) ~4C (Vi tri lo xo khong bién dang) ‘moi ma sit. Q (Vi tri ciin bang) — Ding nang céa vat dat eve dai khi val qua VICB vi cue tidu tai vi ti biém ‘Thé nang cua vit dat exe dai tai vi wi bién. va cue tiga khi vat qua VICB. iin dui 5. Lye din hii hi vdu crv tric dx. Renee a Tingguit —|Fyg.,=K JM=K|AI, £34 ® © Dau (+) khi chiéu duong cia truc toa dG huring subng duéi © Dau (—) khi chiéu diong ciia true toa dé huéng len trén * AM, 1id@ bien dang ofa 16 xo(tinh tir vi ti C) dén VICB O. © AI=Al, £x 1a d6 bién dang cia lo xo(tinh tir vi tri C) den vi tri vat €0 Lido x. x 1Glid6 cia vaduot tinh tir VICB 0) Lane ti i cre dat v8 cure tn Py Py i © Lite dam héi eye dai. Eauas = K(AL+ AY) * Lye dan hoi eye dai khi vat 6 vi ti © Lye dan héi cue tiéu. = Khi/A2 Al: em * Lye dan hdi cye tidu ki vat 6 vi ti mi 10 xo khéng bién dang. Khi dd Af=0—|x|= Al + Khi|A Chis. : Kohi lo x0 treo thing dimg thi é vi tri cn bing ta luén c6. S = ~7 2g = a m Al o k 4 KAl, =mg > 07 =~= = Khi con Hie 19 xo dit trén mt sn nlm ngang thi Al = 0, Kini do lye din hi cling chinh Ia lye kéo ve. Khi d6 ta (Fone)... RAS vate VI bien ip nha cla quy dgo Bign dui) =0) c = Fase, — Port (Frou jug = 9.8? vat0 VP CBO = Le tie dung lén diém tren cfing chin ta lye din hai 6. Chhiéw dai ctia 1o.x0 khi var dvi ri c6 li db x. = AR - Dau (+) khi chidu duong edia wrye toa dé hudng xudng dusi ~ Diu (—) khi chidu duong eta trac toa d6 huréag len tr8n+ Chidudai cye dg: =f +Al, +A ~ Chidu dii cue tifu: J, =4, FAM —A = (MN : chigu di qui dao) Chi y. Khi 10 xo nd ngang thi AL A. LY THUVET: Ma ta: Con Hic don gom mot vit nfing treo vo si diy khéng gin, vat ning kich thude Khong dang ké so véi chigu dai soi diy, soi day khdi luryng khong ding ké so véi khdi Irgng eva val nding, 7 fi Nhdn.xet: Chu ki cita con lac don: + ti IG thudn edn bie 2 cua ds ti IG nghich edn bac 2 cia g. + chi phu thuge vao I va g; Khéng phy thude bign d} A vi m. + fing dung do gia te roi ty do (ia tée trong trung ») 2. Phuong winh dao dong: Dibu kigu dao dong diu hod, BS qua ma sit, lye cin “Ya Og << | vad hay Sp < 6 chu ky T;, eon lie don chieu dai f, + 5 8 chu ky T,, con lie don chieu di [,~ [3 (/>~1) 66 chu ky Ts. Ta cd. 6. Tish sé dav déng, chu 42 tin sé va chiéu dai: a iéu dai |; thye hign duge n dao d6ng, con Lic | thure hign durge ny dao déng. Ta c6: fyyT) = ns hay Van tac, lure ciing day, nting hegng: = allo? a7) fr 2. ay > 10" |v|=,/2gf(cosa —cosn,)| sf = mg(3casc —2cosar,)]: [W=mgh, =mg/(1—coso,) CMG 2+ Vag VAT ge KE =O + Vag Vii T yin Kh OF = Cry, = ma(l+a, —1,5a°)] + 1. & <10°: 1 1 W==mw's, ==mgla? zme's, = mata, +16 cao cue dai ctia vit dat duce so vei VICB: 3.Khi |W,4.Khi |= +" 5 DONG TAT DAN - DAO DONG DUY TRI - DAO HUONG A. LY THUYE! 1. DAO DONG TAT DAN: 1, Khdi midm: Dao ding edi dd 1a doo thing do 0b le xin ciia mii truing ma bin df (hay exr nding) yim ii thea th gen 2, Bite diem: © bre can mi trudng cng Win thi dao dng tit dn way ra cing nhanh. dao déng digu hoa véi tin sé 0) ma chiu thém lye c4n nhd, thi dao ding ciia vat tit din chim. Dao dan chim cing cé bién dé giam dan theo thoi gian cho dén 0. x x o + @| t t Taha fone Khi Trong hude Trong du ahet 3. ing dung eaa suit ddw dao dang: cai giam Tung. © Khi xe chay qua nhing cho mip mé thi Khung xe dao dng, neti ngdi tin xe eting dao ding theo va ey Kho chu cho ngimsi dé, BE khic phyc hign yng utn nguii ta che tgo 12 mot thiét bj got la cai gid rung, #Cai gid rig aém mat pit t6ng c6 nhimg ché thing, chuyén ding thing dima bin trona mot xy lanh dung diy dau nhét, pit téng gin véri khung xe va xy lanh gin véi trye bank xe. Khi khung xe dao dng lén céie 16 xo gia x6e, thi pit tng cling dao déng theo, dau nhm chay qua cdc 15 thing cia pit ting tao ra hrc ean Iém Lam cho dao dong pit ong nay chong tit vi dao dong cia Kthung xe eling chong tat theo. # Lixo cing v6 cai giam mang goi chung I b6 phan gidm xd. IL DAO DONG DUY TRi: + Neu cung cap them nang lugng cho vat dao dng tit dan ( bang cach tac dung mt npoai lye cing chiéu voi chiéu chuyén dng cia vét deo dng trong ting phan cia chu ki) dé bi Tai phan ning huong tiga hao do ma sat ma khong Lim thay di chu ki dao qéng rigng cla n6, khi dé vat dao dOng mai mai v6i chu ki bing chu ki dao ding ring ciia nd, dao déng nay goi H cao ding duy tri. Ngoai lye tac dung lén vat dao déng thuemg dure ae Khign béi chinh dao déng 8. . nigm: 1a dang dao déog duge Guy tri bing eich eung edp nang Iugng trong moi chu ki dé dG sung vio Sun ning hong. bj tigu hao do ma sat nhumg kh6ng kim thay di chu ky rigng eva n6. ‘© Dic diém: ¢6 tin 6 dao déng bing véi tin s6 rigng cia vat dao déng | f, = fy II, DAO DONG CUGNG BUC VA CONG HUGNG. L Dao ding cwong hive: a. Khai niém: Dao dong cuting bite la dao déng ma he chju thém tie dung ctia mét ngoai lee (go! la Lye eurdng bie) £6 bidu the [F = F,.cos(w, 4+). Trong dé: én thin tun hoan 66 cia ngoai le (N). va @, =2ef, voi f, 18 thn 96 eta ngoai Ie. Dae diém: © Dao dng cuding bite 1a dao dong ditu hoa (c6 dang ham sin), * Tin sé dao déng cudng bite chink la tn $6 cia lve ending hire © ign dé dao ddng cuding bire(4., ) phy thude vao ede you 16 sau: Ste ean méi rnnéma(F,, Y> 4,, 7) + Bign d6 ngoai hve F, (4, 0 I thuan voi F,) Ie va tin sé dao dng riéng (4, Te>|f, — fol ¥). hi |Z, — Fol © (Aa Donea. Kadi mém: la bign teomg bién d6 dao déng eudng bite dat gia sue dai (A,),_, khi tin sé ngoai tue (/,) bémg vGi tin s6 rigng ( f,)eita vat dao déng . Hay: |(4.,)ne SS = Fo) 6. Ung dung: Hign rng edny hutong 6 nhiéu img dung trong thye 6, vi dy: ché tgo tin s6 Ké, 1én dy dn... Te dung ¢6 hai cia céng hung: + Méim6t bs phan trong may (hoi trong ey clu) au c6 the xem la mot hé dao dong 6 tin s6 gs rigng wo + Khi thigt ké ede b6 phim eta méy hote cay cfu) thi cln phai cba ¥ dén sy wring nhau gitta tin sb g6e ngoai lye @ va tan 36. gie riéng@0 cla cae bd phan nay, neu su tring nhaw nay xay ra (cng huomg) thi cae bo phiin trén dao dong cOng hucmg véi bign d6 rat In va c6 thé lim way cée chi tiét trong cde b6 phin may, Phan biét Dao dong cwong bive vi dao ding duy tei Dao déng cwing bite v6i dan déng dott Gidng nhai ‘Deu xay ra dui tie dung cla naoai Ie, + 6 Rie: 6 bing tan s6 rigng cua vat Dao dong cudng bite khi cong hudng cling 66 ta *_Khie nhau: = Negoai lure Ié bat ky, dé lap veh vat ~ Lure duroe digu khién boi chinh dao déng Ay qua mét . oa cau nao do. . - Dao dong cusng bire 66 tin sb bing tin sé f, ciia | - Dao dong ver tin 36 diimg bang tin 36 dao déng niéng ngoai lye fyeita vat ~ Bign d6 cita h phu thuge vao Fy va [f.—f = Bign d@ khong thay di. 5. Cong hneing © Giéng nha Ca hai déu duge diéu chinh dé tan sé ngoai hre bang vGi tan sé dao dong ww do cia hé. + Khe nhau: dao ding duy iri: = Ngoai Tie dc Hip bén ngoai = Negoai le dirge diéu khién boi chinh dao ding ay qua mbt co chu no dé = Nang hromg hé nhiin duge trong mdi chu ki dao déng | - Nang Ivong hé nhan duoc trong mdi chu ki dao dong. do céng ngoai Ive truyén cho lon hon nang hrong ma | do céng ngoai hrc truyén cho dimg bing nang hrong, hhé tidu hao do ma sit trong chu ki do. ‘mi hé tiéu lnso do ma sit trong chu kei dé. CHU DE 5: TONG HOP HAI DAO BONG DIEU HOA CUNG PHUONG CUNG TAN SO A, cos(cor +9) 1 cos( ex +9). 4. Dé léch pha gitta hai dao dong diéw hoa cing phuong cing tin so. 5 phucong trink dao ding ide ‘uct abe sau: X, =A, costar +@)va x, = A, cos(art 9,14 AO 0,9, > Khihai dao déng thanh phin.x, va», cing pha: Ao =0, ~9, =2kn = Khi hai dao dong think phin x, va x, nguge pha: Ap=9; 9, (2k+1) - Khihai dao dong thinh phin x, va x, vudng pha: A@=@, ~9, = (2k + 5 - Khi Ap=0, ~9, > 0>@, > 9. Ta n6i dao déng @) rhanh pha hon dao dng (1) hoge nguoe lai - Khi Ap=0, —9, <0-+0, <@,. Ta néi dao déng (2) chim pha so voi dao déng (1) hoe neuge lei 2 Ting hep hai dao dong diéu hoa cing phuong ching tin sb. | . = Dao done tong hop cua hat (hoae nhieu) dao done diéu hod cme phuene cing tin s6 1a mot dao dng digu hoa cling phyong cimg tan s6 vei hai dao dong do, = Ncu mdi vat tham gia dng thai hai dao dOng dicu hoa cing phwong, ciing tan s6 v6i cée phuong trinh: x, =A, cos(al + @,) vi x, =A, cos(eot + g,) Thi dao dong ting hop sé li: =x, +x, =Acos(er 1 g)\ “ Bién d9 dao dong tong hgp.oem z 4 A’ =A) +A} +2A4,A, cost Pha ban diu dao dong ting bop. Asin, +4, sine 0s 9, + 4, cos, Bign d6 va pha ban dau cia dao déng tong hop phu thude vao bién dé va pha ban déu eiia cae dan déng thanh han, 1 crivmg hop dic biét. Khi hai dso dong thanh phan cig pha (Ag = m1) tang = ~ 91 =2kn) thi dao déng ting hgp 6 bien dé exe dai: SA,=A +4, (AO AD) Khi hai dao d6ng thanh phan nguge pha (Ag = ©; - @p;) = 2k + 1)z) thi dao dong tong hop c6 bién dG cye tidu: >A, =|A, @oo a Khi hai dao déng thinh phan yudng pha AQ = 9, ~g, = (2k-+1)'%/ thi dao dng téng hop c bién dé: A= (R48 (@ LAD Truong hop téng quat; IAi-AISASAL+AL SONG CO: Phirong dao ding Khai niém sing eg hoe; Song vo hov la nhitng dao x dang ca hoe, lan truyén trong mot mdi trucng. ——_}—_—> Phucong trayén séng Phan foai ving: Song ngang. Séng ngung li sdng, ma pheung i 7 dao ding eta ede phan we rong moi ireong Bescon ae eee | wuding goe var phusong iruyén song, Song gang > > Phuong truyén sing chitriyén duoe trong chai rin-va be mat chat Jing vi e6 iye dn hoi xuat hign khi bj bién dang lech : Séng de: Séng doc la sing, ma phuomg dao ding cia ote phdn tie irong mdi trading tring vii phiceng truyén ‘sng. Sing doc ruvén duce trong mot trudng rin, Tong, Kh vi cong ede mOi trong nay lye dan hoi xudt hign Khi 6 bién dang nén , dn . Giai thich ste tao thanh song co Sing co hoe diege sao thanh nile lin ker dan hot write edie phn ti ctia mo aneong triyen dao dong di, cite phan te cane xa tim dao dng ang tré pha hon, Dic diém: Méi trvémg nio cé lye dn hdi wut hign khi bi bién dang Ich thi truyés séng ngang, ‘Méi trong nao ¢6 lye din hoi xuat hign khi bj nen hay kéo [Gch thi tuyén song doc. Chu ki va tan 86 séng: Chu ki va tan so song la chu ki va tin s6 dao dng cia cdc phan ti trong andi net Hay Tyiog= Tew aiag= Tagen 3 Sins fe tig = Ble . Bign d0 séng: Bién d6 song tai mot diém wong ‘moi truong la bién 46 dao dong eta cde phiin tir moi truang tai diém 46. Hay Aving= Atsodiny Bred sing: Bue sing i. la khong cach gitia hai diém gin nhau hat nim wén phyong iruyén s6ng dao déng cling pha hay chinh la quang durong séng tuyén trong mat chu ki. Tic dé truyén séng: li tbe dé truyén pha dao dong, én sing khdng dai: v=* = eonst qi Trong mét chu ki T song truyén di duge quing during la 2. , do do t6c dé truyén sing trong mot moi true La > Trong mot mai trudng (ding chat) toe dS tray Trong khi song teuyba di thi cde dink song di chuyéa voi ibe dv (ve Ha trang hii duo dug di ebuyén) con ee phin tr cia mdi tuing vin dao dng quanh vi ti can bing eta ching‘Nang lirong sing: Qué trinh truyen song Iuong song tai mot diem ti 16 ven binh phuong bien d6 song tai diém do. I DO LECH PHA. PHUONG TRINH TRUYEN SONG: 1. Dasléch pha ‘Gutta hen diém wren mst phuoag truyén sing cdch nhau mot doan x (hode d) cb a5 lech pha la: x x d x Ap= 2) slap = dae SY x % ~~, o OM Chai ¥; Tir cong thie ttn ta o6 thd suy ra mot s6 trudng hop thubng wip sau Hai dao ding cing pha khi cd : Ap=k2e —|d=K.A) Hay: Hai diém trén phuong truyén sing eich nh mot 86 nguyen lin bube song thi dao dong vig pha. ] = Hai dao déng nguge pha khico: A@=(2k+1)e > |d esha Hay: Hat diem trén phuong iruyén sing cach nhau mét Kong sé bin nguyin lan bande sing thidao ding gure phar a 1 # Hisi dao dng vubng pha khie6: A@=(2k+= > fd =(k a 4 . Hay: Hat dtd srén phicomg truyén sing edith nhan mot Khodng sé ban nguyén kin mea buebe sing thi dav ding vudng pha, 2 Lép phuong trinh: - Néudao dng tai 01a |uy, = Acos(cas+@, )], dao dong durge truyén dén M cich O mot khoang OM =x voi tbe d@ v thi dao dong tai M sé ind pha |A@ = 2; | 82 V8 dao dng tai O , nite la 66 thé vit: Ag = pha(w,,)—phatu,) ~2n do do bidu thie sng tai Msé14 ny =e ene, > Chis * khi vidt phuong trinh cos : Xét A.B , C lan Iwot ld ba diém trén cing mot prong truyén song, van te trayén song lav. ‘Néu phuomg tinh deo dong tai B eé dang Ov A B © x 4, = Acos(eat + @) thi phwrong trinh dao dong tai A va C Se ° a ** sé liz d, 4, = Aco a -o-2a “) votd) ~ AB 1, =Aea{er 9-20) Vii d= BC. hha dién A vi B dao dng cting pha thi: Uy =H = Néwhat dién A va B dao dng cing nguse thi tu, =—ty = Néw hat didn A va B dao ding vudng phe thi BE U yuae tl uy =0 vanguore lai 3. Tinh chdt cita séng : Séng 06 tinh chit tuin hoan theo thoi sian vor chu ki T vé tuin hoan theo khéng gian vi" chu ki bing bude song i. 4 Dé thising : ay Theo tho gian 12 dudng sin lap Iai sau KT by Theo khéng,gian 1a dwromg, sin kip lei sau ki + Toi mt digm M xe dinh trong moi tncong: ung La: me hema bién thin diéu hoa theo thoi gian { véi ehu ky T: uy = Aeon 1 +0). © Tai mgt thoi diém t xée dinh: us 14 mét ham bign thign diéu héa trong khéng gian theo bién x véi chu ky Ar w= Avon HE +o).= Nhiing diém cue dai giao thoa la nhiing diém dao ding ven bién dé care dai Ay, = 2A Bo la nhing di mt Sd nguyéi lan bude s6ng A ( irone do cd dudmg trung true cita $\S3 1a cape di be Ok ~ 0; oye dat bGe 1: k= ) = Nh diém eye tiéu giao thoa li nhing diém dao déng vi bién d6 eye a tiga Ay song téi dé bang mat sd nia nguyén lan bude sing A (trong dé ewe théu bée jao thou ciia hai séng trén mat nude : Dinh nghis ; hign tung 2 song (ket hgp ) gap nhau tgo nén ede gon song on dinh ( goi la van giao thow ), Gia hich: Nhung diem ding yen: 2 song gap nau nguve pha, wie bu now - Nhitng diém dao ding rat mank : 2 song gép nhau cing pha, sang cwcng lan nha, Phucomg trinh séng tin; Gia sit: uj==Acos( ent) 14 hai ngudn séng dao dong cing pha. Suy ra: ujy=Acos coward ba ty=Acos (ot 2n <2) Phuong trinh song tong hgp tai M: add.) cose) a a u,, =2.4]eos Cuce dai va care tidu giao thou : Bidn dé dao dong tong hop tai M: Aj + AZ +2A,A,cosAg = 24° (1+ cose) (2) Ay DA lech pha ctia hai dao ding: 2: p= 75 4-4) 2 Két hop (1) va (2) ta suy raz Vj tri cfic ewe dai giao thon, d, —d,=kA voi keZ m cé higu duong di cia 2 song toi do bing «= Vjtri cdc cwe tiéu giao thoa: d, —d, & +ba voi keZ 0, Do la nhimg diém ting voi nhitng diém c6 higu dudng di cita 2 (Cac gen cue tiéu) — Le ewe tiéu bie hai k =1;—2). Khong cich gitia hai gon 16i (bién d6 exe dai) lien tiép bode hai yor Idi (bign dé cue tiéu) lign tiép tn dean 8) Si bing uA mit cipo dai va mot ye tid Wide tid t@ VA Hign tuyng giao thoa la hign tyng digc rung cia sing Diéu kién gino thoa = Hai song gip nhau phai 14 ? sing két hop duge phat ra tir? ngudn k&t hgp, tie ki 2 ngudm = Dao dong cling phnrcing, eting chu ky (hay cing tin sd), ~ , Co higu s6 pha khéng déi theo thai gian. SONG DUNG: Sicphan xa cia song : Néu vat ean c6 dinh thi tai digm phan xa, song phan xa lun dn 8 gue pha v6i song 16% vt trigt teu Hin mau ‘Neu v do thi iai diém phan xa, séng phin xa luén ludn eng pha vai song ti va King cudng in whaw Séng dirmg : Séng tdi va song phan xa néu iruyén theo cling mai pheromg, thi c6 thé giao thoa vai nhaw, va wo think mot hé sng dirng, ‘Trong song dimg, moi 50 diém luén cimg yén go: la mit, mot 56 diém luon dao dong vai bién do cue dai goi lé bung. Khodng cach giéta 2 nit lign tiép hode 2 bung lign ti¢p bang nua bude séng. Song dig la sw giao thoa cua sing téi va song phan xa, c6 the o@ trén mot day, trén mat chat Ing, trong khong Ki (én mi chat tong nbur song bién dp vio viieh da thang ding),~ Vitri mit: Khodng cach gitta hai mit lién tip bing . ~ Vitri bung: Khoang each git hai bung lién tigp bing (ist Baeet) : p Had = Khoding cdch gitta mét mit va 1 bung lign tip 1A 4 (un ng Sez Mottin ob dn mgt tn yd PE (3 dina nit gt Jaa byes) 3. Didu kidn dé ci sing dimg trén soi day: a) Didu kidn dé ex sing ding wen soi day cb hat edi ed atiuhs vdi (nN J: chigu dai soi diy; 56 bung s6ng= 0; sO nit song=n+1 F 6) Bicw kign dé 06 sng dig trén soi dy co moi dé ed dink mot du tie doz voi (ne Nyhaym = 1: chidu dai soi day; x8 byng=s6 nal = +1 4 cnt — Cae diém dao dong nam trén cing mét bo song thi luon dao dong ciing pha hay cae diém dot ximg qua bung song thi ludn dao ddng cing phe. — Ce diém dao ding thusc hai bé tién tiép nhaw thi dao déng nguge pha hay cdc itiém déi xing qua mit yong thi judn dao dong nguere pha. 2. Am, ngudn Am. a) Séng dm: la song co truyén trong cdc méi ruemg khi, long, rin (Am khOng truyén duge trong chan khdng), Trong chat khi va chit long, sng dm Ia sng doc. Trong chat rn, sng 4m gém ca sng ngang va song doc 6) Am nighe dire: cb tin sO tir 16H: dén 20000He ma tai con ngieoi cam nhin diege. Am nay got a dim thanh, Siw Am : 1d song dm c6 tin s6 > 20 000Hz. Hg Am : [2 song im co un $6 < 16Hz. © Téedo tnyen dm: Trong mdi méi tru’mg ahat dinh, toe dé truyén am dicing doi. = Téed9 truyén Am phy shude vao tinh dan hoi, mat 49 cua moi uudng va mhigt a9 ctia moi uudng va khdi krong rigng ed moi trudng do. Khi nhit dO wang thi te 46 truyén dm cing Lang, Toe dd truyén am gidm trong ede moi trutmg theo thit ty : ran, long, khi hay Viin > Vim > Vi = Bang. nhung, xép. dé dain hoi kém nén ngudi ta ding lim vat ligu cach am 2. Cite dic rung vit hi cia dm. (tin sdf, cwting a6 din 1 (hoac mic cucing dé ém L), ning hamg va dé thi dao dm, La dae trang vit ly quan tong, Khi dm tuyéa tir mdi trudng nay sang mdi trudng Khéic Ui td sd khéng déi, 6c 6 Wruyén am thay ddi, bude s6ng eiia sing am thay doi by Cucing do dm » Cucrng ad dim L tat mét diém le daé heong do bang nang heomge me song dm tie que mot don vi dién tich dat tai di ‘yung gée vbi phuwcmg travéen séng trong mit dom vi thet gian: dom vi Wine. y Voi W (J), P QW) 18 nang luyag, eGng sudt phir dm cia nguda S (as°) la dign tich mat vudng ade véi phuong truyén am (vd1 sdng edu thi Sa didn tich mat edu Sta?) E fs R Ja khodng each tir nguén O dén diém dang xét A Mite evring dm: Dai ueng 2a) = 101g! hoge 148) =oe 1 V6i Ty li cudng d6 am chun (thurtmg ly chudn curding dQ 4m 1) = 10°" Wim? véi 4m cé tn s8 1000Hz) goi 1A mire curing d6 Am ctia Am e6 Khi dé: cueng dé © Bon vi cia mite cugng dé am Ja ben (B), Trong thue té nguoi ta thudng ding ude 36 cia ben la déxiben (AB); 1B = 10B. & CHOY, og(10') =x; a=logx —>x=10"; logs loga - logbO lin lugt mi ‘Néu xét 2 diém A va B lan ligt cach nguén i doan 2:2, . Coi nur edng suat nguén khang, i trong qué trinh truyén song. Ta luén 6: 1 _f Be) von (Re fen ae || aes 10g) wlan 10! =. ©) Dé thidao dong dm: i dd th cha ti ci ede hoa Sm wong mt obae dim goi la dB thi dao dng dm, + HY: . . . ~ Nhae di id nbirag dim co tain sox dc dink vii do thi dao déng la dirémg cong gin gidng hinh sin, = Tap dm 1a nhiing dm ed tian s6 khong xde din vad dé thi dao dong ta nhieng decng cong phiee tap. 3. Ge de trung sink Ikciia dn, (c6 3 Age teurng sinh Ii Th d6 cao, di (0 va dim sde ) 4a) Décao cia am phy thude bay gin liga véi cin sd cia Sm. — 6 cao ciia Am ting theo tin sé dm. Am cé tdn sé dow: am nzhe cao (thanh, hing). 4m c6 tan sé nhd: am nghe thap (trim), — Hai dm cé chug tin sé thi ed cing 46 cao va ngupe Iai. = Dbivei day da: +S am phat ra nahe cao (thanh): phai ting tin sd > Lim eamg, diy dan, + Dé im phat ra mghe thap (tram): phai gidm tan sé —> lim tring day dan Thurémg: nit phat ra im cao, nam phit ca Am trm(chon nd Lim phit thank vign. Trong dm nhge: cae n6t nimae xp theo thir we tan 36 f tang din (dm cao dain): d6, r@, mi, pha, son, la, si, 4) B6.to cha am la dae teung gin lien vsi mite cudmg a cm. ~ D6 to ting theo mic eu’me d6 am. Cusimg d6 Zm cng li, cho ta cam pike nghe thdy 4m cng to. Tuy nbién d9 to cia dm khOng ti If thudn véi curing dQ Bm, Cam ide nghe am “to” hay “ako” khong nhimg phy thude vao euong dé Am ma con phy thuge vio tin 36 ei Am(mite eudng d6 am). V6i cing mot cwrémg dG dm, tai nghe duoe Am c6 tin sé cao “io” hon dm c6 tia s6 thi. ©) Amsie bay con hoi la sac thai cha dm thanh nd gan lién véi dé thy dao ding dim tan 36 vd biém dé dao dong ), no tp ta phn bigt duge eac im phat ra ir ec nguba Amn, nhge cy khyic nau, Arm sic phu thude vio Xn sé va big 9 cia vie hog fin. —» VD: Duta vio Am site dé ta phin bigt durye ciing mt doan nhge do hai ea si Son Ting va Issae thy hign « ‘Dac trmg sinh bi Dac trumg vi Bp exo f Am sic AS Boto Lf 4. Vin sé do dan phat ra (hai dau diy ¢6 dink => hai dau 1a mat song) v =k KE NY) maa (ke NS) Ung vei k= 1 + am phatra dm cobain ¢6 tin 8 f, a k=2,3.4... 66 cdc hoa am bie 2 (tin $6 24), bac 3 (tn 56 34)... ‘Ti 58 do dug sto phat ra (cat du bil kin, madi dn 8 bir mt du Wi nit séng, mit dd 1a bung'séng) =(2k+1)~ f= ar © Ung voi k=0 m=1 = fim phat ra dm co ban co tin sb f= Vy © k= 1,2,3,,. 66 edie hoa dim bie 3 (lan $6 3f,), bie 5 (lan $6 5h)...‘ho kung ¢0.N vang ,dign tich S quay déu véi ven de ung quanh truc vuing ade vit v6i ede diedng sige tir cia mit we ricdng, dex ed eam ting rt B J. Tit thong goéi qua khung déy: ‘© = NBScos(ox +a) =©, cos(ent +a) (Wh) © Tirthong ewe dei g0i qua khung dy (©, = NBS] wii a iB) w Sudt dién dong xoay chiéus Ae: At i suit dign dong cve dai & |g, | © swat din dong cam ing xudt hign trong khung day: e os(at +9) (V) Dat 4+ city + Swat dign ding chm pha hem tir thong we 7/5 + chu ki va tn 96 lién bé bai £ 1a sé vong quay trong | 5 + Sudt dign ding do cde may phat dign xoay chiéu tgo ra cing 06 biéu thie tuemg ter nhur trén. 3. Dién dp xoay chiéu: = Khi trong khung day 04 suat dién déng thi 2 dau khung diy co dién ap xoay chiéu 6 dang: uv) dign dp eyedai Jo. CO(@L+9,) (V)). Trong do:}) u(V) + digndpuicthot @9,(rad) -pha ban déucta dién dp 'Néu khung chua néi vao tai ticu thu thi suai dign dong higu dung bang dign ap higu dung 2 du doan mach E = U. 4. Khdi nigm vé dong dién xoay chiéw : (a dong dign co cueme dé bién thién tudn hoan vai thon gian theo quy haat ca ham sé sin hay cosin, véi dang tne quit fem cutting db dong dién cue dai G i=1,.cos(wi+q,) _(A)| Trong do: 4 f(A): eudng dé dong diénutethet | 9,(rad) :phechan déuchacdda @>0 4 cay: # - a) Trén do thi néu isu dang ting thi @ <0. Néu isu dang giam thi gy >0, b) Bidu ditn u va i bing gifin do vée to quay: = Chon truc pha Ox 13 true ding dign = Bidn dtm: 14> Zy> (7,302)=0 )-(€ik)-» ©) Dé Ich pha gitta higu dign thé va cvdmg dé dong dién [¢, vol, (Ui: + Néu @ > 0 — usém pha hon i hoge nguoge lai. Neu p< 0 > wud pha hon i hoke aguce lién P= 0 weitng pha v 4 Gid tei higu dung: Cuong d6 higu dung cua dong din xoay chieu la doi hong c6 gid tri ciia cuemg 46 dng dién khdng d6i sao cho Kh di qua cing mat dién tré R, thi cng suat ticu thu trong R boi dang dién khéng déi ay bang céng sual trung binh tigu thy trong R béi ding dign xoay chiéu noi tren, Nhige hewng tod ra wen dign tr R wrong thoi gian (néu €6 dong dign xoay chidu i(i)lyeos(ot+ @) chay qua la Q ee =PRt=2Ry @ 2 E © Céng suat tod nhiét trén R khi e6 dén dign xoay chieu chgy qua; |P_ oF 4 cHUY: + Mai gidy ding dign dai chiéo2f lin. Nhung néu g, =0 hoe ¢. = mthi trong gidy du tiga né chi dai chiéu 2f-1 tn + Néu cugn day kin co dign tro R = 0 dong dign xoay chigu : NBS NBS cos! = Ip coset vi E, NBS 5 Io= R It, CAC LOAI DOAN MACH NOAY CHIEU: # 1. Doan mach chi cd dign tre thnin Re Ae i} B a) Quan hé gitta u va i= Gia sit dt vao hai dau doan mach mét dign 4p xoay chigu i co bigu thie: w=n, =U, cos(aat +e) (V) thi trong mach xudt hign ding, Kun dign 6 cudng a6 la i. Xét trong khodng thoi gian rat ngiin Ai ké tir thoi diém ¢ ‘ U, > Dang dign xoay chigu qua mach: i= = =“Pcos +) (A) Vay: dién dp va dong dign.x/chiéu cing phat véi nau, khi mach chi chiea R hay |, cing pha vail b) Tro khing: Dai tuong dae trung cho tinh can tre déng dién trong mack la R ©) Pink ludt Om cho doan mach: Us F U, Dee: |1, = oe Ugg =1,.R) hay |f = pee =/R| vit U/, din dp higu dung & hai ddw dign ori R d) Cing tiie m6 rong: Do u,, ding pha vot i nen: 4, ut nab, le (J Von wo Ue ty U i a He x © Ag +—+8 2. Doan mach chi cé mu dién: a) Quan hé qutra u vd 1: Gia sir gt vao hai dau doan mach mét dign 4p xoay chiéu co F . biéu thie: w—4, =U, cos(ar+e) (V) CU, cos(eat +p) (C) a Hct so{arsey sla) > Digntichténtw g=Cu, > Dong dign xoay chidu qua mach: di > Vay: Dign dp giiea hat dia doan mach chi cé tu dién tré pha hon dong dién xichtéu goe x/2 ( hay dong dién we du scam pha hum ign dp géc n/2)Rhi mach chi chita ty dign| i, chgim phahon é abe b) ‘Tro khang & Dinh lui Om cho doan mach chi cd im diénDat: 1, =0CU, te dil at neg > diag veteran tah tent 7 ol a goi 1a dung khiing. 4 Dung khang: Dat luemg dite mung cho tinh can tree dong dign xehiéu trong mach ete tu dién + Fnghia ciia dung khing + lam cho isom pha hon u goc n/2, + Khif ting (hoge T giam) > Z, gia —» I ting -rdéng dign xoay chicu qua mach dé ding. + Khif giam (hoge T ting) + Z, cing I giam dong dign xoay chiéu qua mach khé hon. % Dinh tude Om: 42U, =12,|hote |p, = Uae e517, =1,Z, Vai Ug dign ap hiéu dung @ hai dau tu C. 0 4 9) Gian dé veeto ) Cong thite moving: Do u,, vudng pha voi i nén cA 3. Doan mach chi ed cuén day thin edi Cugn day thedn cdi 1a cuén diy chi cé d6 nr eam L va ¢6 dign tré thuan rkhéng dang ké(r ~ 0) a) Quan hé gitte wyd iz Dign dp hai dé doan mach chi cd cudn cém thudn sém hes hum dng dién x/chie ge m/2 Chey ding dién xéchiéu tre pha hom dign dp Loa) + —————— ——T— _g6e m/2) Khi mach chi chita cugn céim thuin |, (le)sdm pha hon i go i le —sayconng 4 6) Tro Khang & Dinh Indt Om cho doan mach chi cb tu didn . * Céin_kikdng: Pai lwong dee wrung cho tinh oan iro ding dion x/ohiéu trong mach eita cudn cdm & Fnghta cia cam king + lam cho i wé pha hon u ge w/2. + Rhif cing (hoje T gitm)— Z, lng —+ 1 gidm — dong dign xoay ehidu qua mych khé hon. + Khif gidm (hoje T ting) + Z, gidm —> lang — dong dign xoay chiéu qua mach dé ding how Dinh lugs Om: hoite Yok. oy Oy = IZ, Véi U, dign dp higu dung & hai dau cugn thuitn can L. ©) Gin dé vecto : &) Cong thire mé-vng: Dou, vudng pha véii nén o v we Ue ar > Chi ¥; Néu cuén diy khéng thuin cam thi u,, =u, +4, #4, & TONG QUAT: Néu déng xoay chiéu e6 dang: [i= T,cos(wi +@) (Ad) thi aién dp xoay chtdu hai déu mdi phan tit dign eb dang: =U y,COS( O21 +9.) (VV Uy =1yR © u, déng pha véi is ny+, le (nhanh) pha honi géo - uy =U, + i an ppatoni ge Es 2 Dink uit Om cho doun mach Soe C00 a) Tong tro cita doan mach: eH(4—%) 1b) ih ludi Om ) Gian do vee ts: hé giita cde dién dp ee dui hode hit =U, UY +U2| hode @) Dé léch pha cia u so-viit: py tan Ue R R = Néu U, > Uc (hay 2, > Z):@>0 < usém pha hon i Z, > Z, mach cé tinh cam khang. # Néu U; wchiim pha hdn i <> Z, < Zamgch ed tink dung khdng. © Néu U; = Ue (hay 2) = Z):9=0 ucimg pha voi i Z, = Z,.mach cé thudn we. 3. Hién wyng cong hudag: With vsong cicdng dé dong dign trong mach dat ewe dai (I, ».) khi Z, = Z,. hay tn s6 ciia mach dat pid tri:* nvai dng pha a (cos@),,.. =H + ug ding phase véiuhai déudoan mach Hay Uy + W,vatig déngthoiléch pha m sovdiudhaidéudoanmach. 4 CHU Y: Néu cudn khong thudn cam (06 dién tro thuan 1) © Z=ferRy He, -ZF va |= fw, Y+(U_+U, i tet = fang= Abe ot), U,+U, Re Rer 4. Hé si cing sudt vi cing sudt ctia ding diém coay chidus a) Céing sudt ea mach didn xouy chiéw © Céng suat thire thai: p, =u (W) © Céngsudt trngbinh: [P= P=U Lcosg!| © Dign nang ticuthu: W=P1 G) by Hesd cing sudt cose (vi ~n/2<@<+!2 nén taludncé 0 0,85, = néu cosip nhé thi hao phi lén => quy + cat + Nhigt luyng toa ra( Dign nang tigu thu) trong thoi giane(s): |@=J?.Rul (J) © Néu eupn khing thudn cdim (06 dion ores thuan Ry, ih cosy -Rt® Z voi P=(R+R,)P © Dign ning tigu thu ctia mgeh: W + Néucuda day khong thuan cam (R, #0) thi z= . igo ORR, = Néu doan mach thiéu phn tir nao thi cho é khang cia phan tir dé bang 0 ‘Doan mach Tho) > UR =O) Home | HE 4, ~Zel Tong ter Z=a mM. L a of R R N&v cho: 7=T,custoi+g,) (A) Dig ap tire théi & hat dau dign tre thudin R: => — up =Upp.coslaat +@) (V) vot Ugg =1y-R Dign dp tte thoi hai ddu cup thudn cdm: => — uy =Upz coat + 9 +9) V) voi Upp =IyZy ‘Digh ap tire théi 6 hai dau ty doen: Sue =Uoe £04 @; +90) V) vi Uge =1y-Ze Cling 06 thé tinh céve d9 tech pha va ede bitn a6 hay wit tr hiu dung bang gidn dé Fre-nen, U_U, Uy _Uiny 70 Ua hs ZR a HIEN TUONG CONG HUONG DIEN = Ditn kiéu dé cd cong hing: |Z, = 7, <> wl. = : hay wo é He qui: Ta ; MLN la hai diém bat ky o= 1 “dale GY iT aR SE Z. hayU , Z, * wyaiddng pha N g=0>9,=9 > * (cose), =! 4 up ding pha sovéiuhai ddudognmach.Hay Ug =U i, 8 4p ding sho lech pha %/, sovdiudhatdéudognmach. % Db thiTtheo © (hoge f ) Fig * Duong cong cong hutmg cia dagn mach RLC.R cing Idn tht cong karting khong ro nét % Lién hg gitra Z va tin sb f: f, a tan sé hie cong hing, "Kit fef,> Mach c6 rink dung khang , Z va f nehich bien § hi f> fy: Mach 6 tinh eam khang, Zva Fdong bién, CONG SUAT TIEU THU CUA DONG DIEN XOAY CHIEU He sé cing sudt cos@: (vi - 12 Cig sub tou thwcia mach P.,, =(R+r).P =——U__ (r+ r}=P,+P,, (Ree) 4(4,-Ze) > Cang sude tign thu trén digm tro thud R: P, = 7?.R= wt Rk (Rey (ZZ) => Céng sudt tiéu thu trén dién cudn day: P,, = (R+r) +(4,-Z)°% -M6t5i ctich bien dai khiée: 3. Ynghia cita he sé cong suit: + Tring hop cos = 1=> =O: Mgch chi cé R, hoc mach RLC c cOng huéng dign (Z, =Ze)ihi: PP, === 4+ Throng hop cos = 0 tite 18 @ = af Mgch chi e6 L, hoge C, hole c6 ea L va C ma khong e6 R. Th: P= Py, =0 4. Tém quan trong ctia hg sé cng sudt cose trong qud trinh cung cp wa sit dung dign nang : P Uncos@ (Cong sudt tiéw thy trung binh : P= Ul cos@ => cuamg dé done dign higu dung | cose 2 0,85, > Chis, — Nhiét lwong toa ra( Hien nang ticu thu) trong thoi gian f(s): [2 Néu cugn khéng thudn ctim ( 06 di¢n wet thutin Ry, dabi os -Rt® cosp= ; P= vai Z= SR, + RY 4, —Zo) P=(RER IP dv. XAC DINH PHAN TUCO TRONG MACH DU'A VAO TINH CHAT DAC TRUNG CUA DO LECH PHA 1. Dua vao dé Week pha cia uso wii: =(0) 6 vee-to, Tie dé = phiin nt etia mach, Cu thé: % Néu @=0 thi mach thudn tri(chi c6 R hog mach RLC dang xay ra cGng hudng din). # Néu Q=27Z, thi Kning tn gid ts tain 1, 0, velia 4, so v6E i, 0-9, bi v8 gid * 0-% =>mach chi 6 L howe LC wei Z, > Z; . o=-% => mach chi co C hoge LC voi Z, < «Noe i 4 phil (Bn ipl dif tod thud R: = 0< p< A (mach cb tink edm King) <>mach wm RL hoe RLC véiZ, > Z, . -% mach gdm RC hoae RLC wiZ, 1: May ting dp, + S21: May giamap. Ny y 6) May bitn thé cay tat voi htéw sudit hoat dong [aH H(%)= B_U,1,£089, I Ud, Véi coxa zcos@p, Hi cae hé s8 cdng,sudt ciia mach so ep va mach thir ep.