REAL AND COMPLEX NUMBERS Define the following: The numbers 1, 2, 3, .... Which we use for counting certain objects are called natural numbers or positive integers. The set of natural numbers is denoted by N. ie N= (1,23, ...) If we include 0 in the set of natural number, the resulting set is the set of whole numbers, denoted by W, ie W= (0, 1, 2,3, ...-} The set of integers consist of Positive integers, 0 and negative integers and is denoted by Z Mena All numbers of the form p/q where P. q are integers and q is not zero are called rational numbers. The set of rational numbers is denoted by Q, ie. on [Mngezaarains= or q The mumbers which cannot be expressed as quotient of integers are called irrational numbers. ‘The set of irrational numbers is denoted by Q’, ie, o[an #2 naezaaroh q For example, the numbers 2 V3, V5, m and e are all irration! numbers. Decimal form of Rational and Irration! umber a} Rational Numbers The Decimal representation « rational numbers are of two typs terminating and recurring @ Terminating Decimal Fractions: The decimal fraction in whict there are finite number of digits in it decimal part is called a terminating decimal fraction. For example goa and. 20378. (i) Recurring and Non-terminatin; Decimal Fractions The decimal fraction (now terminating) in which some digits at repeated again and again in the same ord decimal part is called a recurring decimal fraction. For example 2 =0.2222 .and b) Irrational Neznbers The decimal representations fo irrational numbers are neither terminating nor repeating in blocks. The decimal formof an itrational number would continue forever and never begin to repeat the same V2 = 1414213562... block of digits ¢ The Union of the set of rational tumbers and irrational numbers is known as the set of real numbers it is deducted by R R=QUY Hence Q and Q’ are both subsets of R and QNY=o En Express the following decimals in the form © , where p,q © Zand q #0 q @) 03 =0.333.... (b) 0. 232323 (@) Let x = 03, which can be rewritten as x= 0.3333... @ is We multiply both sides of (i) by 10, and obtain 10 x = (0.3333 ...) x 10 or 10x =3.3333.... Gi) Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have 10x — x= (3.3333...)10.333....) or 9x =3.0000 = x= Hence 03 3 (b) Let x= 0.23 = 0.23232323..... ‘We multiply both sides of (i) by 100. Then 100 x=(0.232323, 100 x = 23.232323 Subtracting (i) form (ii), we get 100x-x=(23.232323.....) - (0.232323...) 99x =23 23 99 2B => Thus 0.23=— isa rational number. Represent the following numbers on the number line. ¥ 2 4. 45 wo 3 wT representing the -1 MO 1 2 rational number et on the number line £, divide the unit length between 0 and -1 into five equal parts and take the end of the second part from 0 to its left side. The -2 Point M in the following figure represents the rational number — id) LE ia Tt lies between 2 7 7 and 3. 2 A o 1 ag‘The point P represents the 1 int > B 7 (ii) For representing the 5 rational number, = divide the unit length between ~1 and -2 into nine equal parts. Take the end of the 7” pari from —1. The point M in the following figure represents the rational number, (iv) Irrational number such as 2 can be located ‘ B on the lineéby geometric construction the ov h ‘ point corresponding to V2 may be & to Tee constructed by forming a right AAOB with KB sides each of length 1 as shown in the figure. By Pythagoras theorem, OB = y{(1)’ +(1)" = v2 By drawing an arc with centre at O and radius OB = V2 we get point P representing V2 on the number line, Ql.Identify which of the following are se, Tose relational and irrational numbers. OB () V3 Lrational Number 19 (ii) 2 Rational Number (iii) Irrational Number aa ST an Rational Number Gi) (v) 7.25 Rational Number fol (vi) ¥29 Irrational Number Q2. Convert the following fractions (iv) into decimal fraction. IT Sot: » 7 2 w@ 35(vi) Sol: @. Which of the —_ following statements are true and which are false? a (5 isan itrational number. False (i) isan irrational number. True a aos ‘ (i) isa terminating fraction. False 3 2 , (i) 4 is a terminating fraction, True 4, aahpeaxty (| isarecurting fraction. False Q4. Represent the following numbers on the number line. 2 410 4 2°73 k$— Js —} By Pythagoras theorem OB = y(2) +(1)? = fea V5 By drawing an arc with centre at O and radius OB = V5 we get point P representing V5 on the number line, QS. Give a rational number between a) Gand 5 Aus, The required rational number is the mean of two given numbers, so. the required numberQ6. Express the following recurring decimals as the rational number 2, q where p, q are integers and qe Gi) 05 Sol: Let x=05 55555. @ Multiplying both sides by 10 0(0.5555, 555... (ii) Subtracting (i) from (ii) 10x~x=(5.5555,..}— (0.5555...) 9x=5 Hence 0.5 @ 013 Sol: Let x=013 x =0.13131313. @ Multiplying both sides by 100 100x = 100(0.131313. 100x = 13.131313. Subtracting (i) from (ii) 100x—x=(13.131 99x = 13 weld, 99 Hence 073= 15 99 iii) 0.67 Let x =0.67 x = 0.676767. @ Muttiplying both sides by 100 100: 100: 100(0.676767....... 67.676767.. Subtracting (i) from (ii) 100x—x=(67.676767..... 90x =67 67 xe lt ao Hence 067 = 5) Properties of Real numbers with respect to Addition and Multiptication a, Properties of real numbers under addition are as follows: (Closure Property atbeR,VabeR eg, if-3 and5¢ R then-3+5=2ER (i) Commutative Property atb=b+a,VabeR eg, if2,36R then2+3=342 or5=5 (iii) Associative Property (a+b) +e=a4 (b+), Va bce R og.if5,7,3€R then (5+7)+3=5+(7+3) or 12+3=5410 (iv) Additive Identity There exists a unique real number O called additive identity such that VaeR For every a © R, there exists a unique real number a called the additive inverse of a such that a +(-a)=0=(Ca) +a eg., additive inverse of 3 is -3 since 3 + (-3) = 0=(-3) + (3)b, Properties of real numbers under multiplication are as follows: {Closure Property abeR, Wa,beR eg. if3,5eR then (~3) (5)€ R or -I5€R Gi) Commutative Property: ab=ba, Ya, beR 13. res egeif 75¢ v=(3)(2) ‘a BAZ AZ, I or == 22 (ii) Associative Property: a(be), Va, bce R eg. if2,3.5¢R then (2%3)x3=2x (3x5) or 6x5=2x15 or 30=30 (iv) Multiplicative Identity: There exists a unique real number 1, called the multiplicative identity such that alsa=laVaeR (¥) Multiplicative Inverse For every non-zero real number, there exists a unique teal number a! or 1 oe —, called multiplicative inverse of a, such a that ifSe Rthen te R dys 3 So, 5 and 5 are multiplicative inverse of each other. (vi) Multiplication is Distributive over Addition and Subtraction Foralla, bce R a(b + c) = ab + ac (Left distributive law) {a + be = ac + be (Right distributive law) eg., if 2, 3,5 R, then 2345) =2x342x5 or 2x8=6+10 or 16= 16 And for all a, 6, ce R a(b —c} = ab —ac (Left distributive law) (a —bjc = ac— be (Right distributive law) eg., if 2, 5,3. R, then 26 -3)=2x5-2x3 or. 2x2=10-6 oo 454 (b) Properties of Equ: Numbers: Properties of equality of real numbers are as follows: (i) Reflexive Property asa WaeR Gi) Symmetric Property Ifa=b, thenb=a, Va,beER Transitive Property Ifa=b and b=c, thena=c, Vab,ce K (iv) Additive Property Ha=bthnatc=b+oVabceR (¥) Muttiplicative Property If a=b, then ac = be, Va, bce R of Real(vi) Cancellation Property for Addition Matcabte, then a=b, Vahce R (vii) Cancellation property for Multiplication Wac = be c#Othena=b, a,b. ceR (©) Properties of Inequalities of Real numbers Properties of inequalities of real numbers are as follows: @ — Trichotomy Property VabeR ab (i) Transitive Property VabceR (a) axbandb>ce a >e (ii) Multiplicative Property @ VabceRande>o Exerc QI. Identify the property used in the following. @ — atb=bta commutative property w.r.t. addition fii) ab(c)=a(be) Associative property w.r.t. multiplication (ii) 7x1=7 Multiplicative Identity (iv) x>yorx=yorxey Trichotomy property of inequality () ab=ba Commutative property w.r.t. multiplication Gi ate=btea=b Cancellation property for addition Gil) 54+(-5)=0 Additive Inverse Warb>ae>be Gab>ca>ch (i)acabsacac>be @a>b=cacch (ii)aca>ch (iv) Multiplicative Inverse Property: Va, be Randa 40,b £0 @ abee cra>ceb a>b=>ac>be(e>0) Multiplicative property of inequality Q2. Fill in the following blanks by stating the properties of real numbers used. 3x43(y—x) =3x43y—3x Distributive property = 3x—3x-+3y Commutative property =0+3y Additive Inverse (3x, -3x) =3y Additive Identity (0+a=a) Q3. Give the name of property used in the following. @ — ¥24+0=V24 Additive Identityae 2 7 Zz 27 = e3}--Fo( FQ) Distributive property of multiplication over addition Gil) x+(-0)=0 Additive Inverse Gv) V3.3 is a real number Closure property w.r.t. multiplication w ( - a3 ] =1,Multiplicative inverse a3 mple Write each radical expression in exponential notation and cach exponential expression in radical notation. Do not simplify. Oo Ff wis Gi) yt Gy x? Solution: Solutio @® Te =H @ ¥=x53 (iii) VV oly) alle)? Simplity Yiex‘y> Flory = YOBM@e VP, = Pax PG) = Pay? F2° “yy, QI. Write each radical expression in exponential notation and each exponential expression in radical notation, Do not simplify. ) Yeh = (-64)/ Tell statements are truc or false? Q whether the following Q3. @ (i) @ 5-5 False Gi) 273 = Ya True Gi) Y49 = V7 False (iv) x7 2x3 False Simplify the following radical expressions. 135 = (-125)/4 [ts fo =e5)" 32 = Y16x2 = 416 x42(iy) Use rales of exponents to simplify each expression and write the answer in terms of positive exponents. HaayT Sy? 3 XOX xy @ «Az ow (ey (ee) 9a 9 )_(9)_ 81 © Laak) “16a Simplify the following by using laws of indices: sy" a 4a)" o (%) o Using Laws of Indices. © ( 8 y° . ( mal 25)" _ 58)" 54 _ 625 125 8 @ 8 oe 6 Gi) 3"[3-1] 20")Ql. Use laws of exponents to simplify (243)74(32) lise) (243)3 (32)! el. f 14x ¥ S x3 3x2 5 7 ee x3 3x ze 1 z Fx 7 aT x35 1 31 32x33 1 7 3?x3x33 _7 PAB 7 78) “expen (22«2%2%2)'4 bxSy4)(-s0352) = 2(-8)x5-3 4 2-4 yo Gi) (S65) xty oz! endl = (x+y 9) a(xtyet) 6B) yA-3) 9-4-3) xi8 6 gl? “ 2 x “sf *: (81)" 3° -(3)"""" (243) (6) (Eee (iv) gated _ gant gins ans3er ned yan=9-3 mii Q2. Show that ey Sol: =(e “ye x(xt-]? Sx(xeay™ = xl b}lard) (b-e}(bee) ,..(e-a}leta) HO PE Weal =RHS Q3. Simplify Vv / Vy 2 ays x(60)2 o's (33) x(22 3x5)? « (Pacts) (2) (ey bog gd 1 1 23x30 322x325? aT id 1 1 x! 2 re SP isha a 2x35? x23 x3? 3x32 2xs/ =23 1 =2)x3' x5" =2xIx1 =2 2 7 di) {24s} (25) (oay? (iii) 3 os a5 =s =25i Teenie asta Anumber of the form z = a + bi where a ‘al b are real numbers and f= V-1, vl a complex. number and is presented by zie, 2 2a + ib The set of alt complex numbers is daoted by C and tcl aadi= J=1} The numbers @ and 6, called the mal andl imaginary parts of z, are denoted a= Retz) and 6 = tm (z) respectively. =a + bi, where a, be R Ql. Evaluate oF iit OMe een ns If we change to “iin g = a + bi, we oblain another compiex number a ~ Bi called the complex conjugate of z and is denoted by z (read z bar). ‘Thus, if wi, then 7-1 4i The number a+ bi and a~ bof axe called conjugates of cach other. tn Ox ty’ if ang only if 2x =4andy?=9, ie. x= and y= 3 Properties of real numbers Rare also valid for the set of eomplex mun @ Z = Zp, (Rellexive Law) (i) IF Z) = Zo, then = Z.(Symmetric law) (iii) Lf 2%, and Zo=Zs then Z = Zs (transitive r Gi)(vi) Q. @ Gi) Gi Sol: (iv) w) =(-1)°.4 =CDi - Write the conjugate of the following numbers. 243% Let z=2+3/ then 2=2-3 3-51 Let z=-4-7 then Z=—44i vi) i-3 Let then Q3. Write the real and imaginar part of the following numbe @ 14 Let z=1ti Re (z)=1, Im (z) Gi) 1428 Let g=-1+2i Re (z)=~1, Im (z)=2 dit) 3/42 Let 252-35 Re (z)=2, Im (z)= (iv) 2-27 Let 2=-2-21 Re (z)=~2, Im (2) @) 3 Let 2=0-3i Re (z)=0, Im (z) (i) 2407 Let z=2+0i Re (z)=2, Im (z)=0 Q4. Find the value of x and y if x4iy+1=4-3) Sok: x tiy+1=4-37 xtly=4-1-38 xtiy=3-37 Two complex numbers are equal if the real and imaginary parts are equal So x=3 and y=-3Let 2; = a + ib and 2 = ¢ + id be two complex numbers and @, b, c,d © R. The sum of two complex numbers is given by ate=(at bi} + (c+ di) =(a+c)+ (bedi i.e., the sum of two complex numbers is the sum of the corresponding real and the imaginary parts. €.p., (3 81) + (5 +21) = (345) + (84 2-8-6 (i) Multiplication: Let z= @ + ib and z2=c + id be two complex numbers and a, b, ¢, de R. ‘The products are found as @ — Wke Ryker =k(at bi) =ka + kbi, (Multiplication of a complex number with a scalar) (i) ZZ =(a + bi) (© + di) = (ac bd) + (ad + bedi (Multiplication of two complex numbers) The multiplication of any two complex numbers (a + bi) and (c + di) is explained as age = (a+ bi) (ce +i) = ale + di) + bile + di) ac + adi + bei + bdi?” ac + adi + bei + bd(-1) (since ? = 1) (ac ~bd) + (ad + bei (combining like terms) eg, (2-3) (445) =8 + 10i-121-15 =23-23. (since =—1) Let zy = a + ih and cz = ¢ + id be two complex numbers and a, b, ¢, de R. The difference between two complex numbers is given by ar (a+ bi)~(e + di)=(a—0) + (b-adi e.g... (-2 + 3i)- (2+) =(2-2)+G-1)i=-4421 i.e., the difference of wo complex numbers is the difference of the corresponding real Let zy = a+ ib and = ¢ + id be two complex numbers and a, b,c, d, ¢ R. The division of a + bi by ¢ + di is given by e-di ty _atbi_atbi 2 ctdi ctdi cdi (Multiplying the numerator and denominator by c-di, the complex conjugate of c+di) i—adi-bai? wet bei= (ae rbd) +(he—adyi_ac rd? Enna Separate the real and imaginary parts of (14/2)? let z -t+V-2, then G14 S29 5C1 +12 ¥, changing to form, 1 +N 1 42) =) 494 WEI 4d) = Viv? -iV2 + 27 =-1-2V27 Hence Re (27) = 1 Express —— in the standard form a+ bi, 1426 Wehave 1 = 1 122i L428 142i © 1-25 (multiplying the numerator and dominator by 142i ara (simplifying) (sinee ? =~1) ei » which is of the form a +bi Express oe in the standard 3i form a + bi. au At cass. Lx 4 4-51 445) Gnuldplying and dividing by the conjugate of 4-5) L ati i =I and fm (72) = 2/2 16+407+25 7? 16~25i7 (simplifying) (sin _ ~9+40i_-9 40. 4l 41 41 ‘ Solve (3 — 4i)(x + yi) =1+0. é for real numbers x and y, where i= Solution We have (3-4i)(xt+ yi) = 140. or 3x+3iy —4ix-4i? y= 140.8 or 3x43iy —4ix-4(-I)y = 1407 or 3x4+494+(3y—4x)i i408 Equating the real and imaginary parts, we obtain 3x+4y=1 and 3y ~ 4x =0 Solving these two equations simultaneously, wo have x and 4 y= “3so. fi ii) i Identify the following statements as true or false. Vax =3 i ‘0 Me Complea conjugate of (4i+7) is c1+69 Difference of @ complex number a+bi and its conjugate is a real number. False IE (a-1)-(64 *)i=5+8% then a=6 and b=~i1, Product of a complex number and its conjugate is always a non- negative real number. True True True Express each complex number in the standard form a+bi, where a’ and ‘b’ are veal numbers. (2+31) +(7-2i) =248+7-2 =(2+7)+(3-2)i =94i 2(5+4i)—3(7+4i) 0+ 8i-21~ 124 10-21) +(8-12}3 =-tl-4i -1{-3 +5i)-(4+9i) —3i-4-95 Ji 2 + 67° + 37° — 61" 441° Qs. @ Gi) (iii) =2(-1)467143(?) 072+ 4a =-246(-1)243(-1 -6(7) eal? ye =-2-61+3(1)—6(-1) i44(-1)" a =-2-61+3-6(-1)i+4 (Li — fh 434 ph 24i =144i Simplify and write your answer in the form a+6i (-7+3i)(3+2i) 1=14i-91 +67 =21-2314+.6(-1) =21-6-23 = 231 (2-V=4)(3-v-4) =(2-V4.V71)(3—v4v-1) =(2-2i}(3- 21) =6--4i-6i+4i" =6-10i+4(-1) = (v5) + (38)? -2(V3) (3 =5+97F —6N5i =5+9(-1)-6V5i =5-9-6N5i = 4-63:Gy) (2-31)(3=2/) =(2-31)(3+2i) =6+4i-9- 677 =6-5i-6(-1) =6-Si+6 = 12-51 Q4. Simplify and write your answer in the form of a+bi a ii @ 8424121437 “16-7 _ 8+14i+3(-1) ~16=(-1) _8+14i-3 ~ 16+1 _S4+14i “AT 54, aS 1717 27-91-2478 _ 27-30i+7(-1) 9-P 9-(41) (2-61)—-(4+i) 34h Si4-i BHI 2-7 34_W6+2i- 21+ 77? 9-7? _ 6191471) _6-1-19i \ [ay 941 =13-19i 10 BLY, “10 10° O00 N+ -20)() HE 42i iP = 5. @ (@) b) © @ tii) (a) ) ©) Calculate (a) z (b) z+z ©) z-z (@) 22 for each of the following. g+z=0-i+0+i=0 -Z=0-i- + 0-i-0-i -2i (0-1)(0+i) = (0) (i =0-(C1) =1 adele al =iLti +i eothys l-i Ltt (b) g4z=04i+0-f=0 (©) e-2=04i-(0-1 41-044 Qe (0+i)(0-i) = (0) -@=0-C1) t=! -3i Wz ©) id) (4-31)(2-49) (2) -(4i)" _ 8- 161-61 +127 4-167 _8-22i+12(-1) 4-16(-1)=5—4i, show Now Hence zFw=c+w a w Sok: RHS (2-31) -(5+4i) (2+3i)(5 0-814 151-127 ~12(-1) RHS z.w=(2-3i)(5+4i) =10+8i—15/- 1277 0-7i-12(-1) =10-Ti+12 Hence (iv) w 5-4 243i S444 =2 x 5-4) 544i (S448) _ 10+ 841514127" (3)’ -(4)° 25-16i710+231+12(-1) 25-16(-1) RAS _10—84-151+127 “25-168 10— 10—234+12(-1) 1) ~25=16(-1) 10-12-23 25+16 -2~23i 41 223, 41 41 Hence (2) =e w sz i. ole is the real part of @ — 3(e43) i part of = Sol: ¢=243i Now z Aig 2” of 2 1 2 Hence 3(c#2) is equal to the real part of z. 1 5 2 i is the real part of z oF =(z-z} P Sol. Now ail@-2)= a [(2+3i)—-(2-3i) | =p essi-£+ ) 6b 3F =3 ale-2)=R@) Hence proved that 5 (2) is equal to i the real part of z. Q7. Solve the following equation for real x and y @ — (2-3i)(xt yi) =448 Ati (x4 yii) (3—28)(x+ yf) =2(x-2y8) 4-24 dn+3yi-2xf— Dy? = 2x4 yi + 2-1 Su¢(3y—2x)i—2y(-1) =2x-14 (2-4y)i (r+ 2y)+(3y-2x)é=(2x-1)+(2-4y)h 1 3 het2ys2x-1 {i)and By-2n=2-4y it) From @) 3x-24+2y= x+2y=-1 Fom (i) -2x+3y-+4y=2 -2x+Ty=2 (iv) Multiplying (ii) by 2 and adding in (iv) Putting value of y in (iii) x+2y=-1 x¥2(0)=-1 x+0=-1 x=—l] (ii) (3447) -2(x-yi)=x4 yi (3) + (4i)' +203) (42}— 244 2px c+ ye O46? + 241-204. 2yi 9+16(-1)+24i-2x+2yi = x4 yi 9-16 + 24i—2x+2yi = + yi + yi -7~2x+(2442y)inxt yi = eae: x+2x=—-7 3x=-7 andFOBJECTIVE Q. Select tie correct answer. L @ x (b) x 1 7 x? @® 2 2 Write 43 with radical sig @ wo ve @ wae In 9/35 the radicand is I @) 3 byt (a) (b) a (c) i (a) 1 Ws _ 16} None of these 5 4 @ 4 BS 4 Oo F @ 3 The conjugate of 5+4i is {a) 544i (b) —-5—4i © 54 (a S848 The value of ? is fa ot (b) =k ic) i (dy 8. 10. i. 12. B 44, Wiseberis (a) A positive integer (b) A rational number (©) Anvgative integer (d) — Acomplex number Real part of 2ab 47) is (a) ab tb) —2ab (ec) 2abi (d) -2abi Imaginary part of -1(3/42) is @ thy 2 fe 3 a 3 Which of the following sety have the closure property wart. addition {0} (b) (0, ~1} —_— 1 © on wit, Name the property of real sumbers ( -¥5\_ v5 bel = Se Pers (a) Additive identity (b) Additive Inverse (©) Multiplicative identity (d) Multiplicative Inverse Itz b holds is called. (a) Trictiotomy property (b) Transitive property fc) Additive properiy (d) Multiplicative property& i f N Anonterminating, non-recurring, decimal represents: (a Anaiural number (b) Arational number (ec) An irrational number (@ A prime number The union of the set of rational oumbers and irrational numbers is knoven as set of __ (2) Ration! number (b) Irrational 19) Real number (8) Whole number For cach prime number A, VA. is am (2) Invationai (b) Rational {ec} Real (a) Whole Square rows of all positive non- square integers are () Rational (@) Whole number. (a) Irrational (>) Rational {c) Real (@) None YabeeX thana yor x fa) Trichotomy th) ‘Trassi ) Additive }) Multiplicative ve 22. 27, St. Name the property of real numbers used in e+ (r= 0. (2) Additive inverse (b) Multiplicative inverse (c) Additive identity (@)— Mukiplicative identity V3.V3 isa__ number. (b) Ireational (d) None (a) Rational (c} Real Yab= @ Yay © Mv w Ys=__ va Jb aw ave am ea t () 8) «(5 The value of 7! @ +1 yt @ -F @ : The solution set of x? +1 =Ois: f@) {6} b) ii} ©) ii} @ None ‘The conjugate of 2 + 37 is _ fa) 2-3 ib) i (c) 2437 (@) 243: Real part of (1 +a) is: @ 1 {b) @ i a) Imaginary part of (1 iy: @ A ob) © 1 «ay3 negative__ (b) Irrational (d) None Product of a complex number and (a) Real its conjugate is always a non- (c) Rational Tpal2le[s[al[4][e«]s]>b 6 fe[7|e|s8 | d|%/ b | 10) a {a [i2|c [13 | b [ta] a [15] c 16.| ¢ [i7.| a |18.| a [1%] a | 2] a 2a. [a [22 | a [23./ ¢ [24] a [25] a 26. | a |27.| b [28.| a | 21 a [30] b | a 3h.AANA 4s Cop 5 3. Simplify: (i) /81y71?.x8 =(4y 23}! 1 1 if 234)" (2) (es) i) 258 = (52x10 ym) 1 a 1 2 (52)2 (1"? (y8m)2 i =x" Git) ( (282 yt 545 ig 1 =(x8y%2 »)? u 2 1}2 _ | 23x34) ss? | : (| 100 i 2 2b _| 2? «oi xs (" 1 1 ? <3? x5 [2 _| 2?x3?x5 2 3 | =| 3 (25)? (wy?IREVIEW EXERCISE) 3. Simplify: @{8ly"?x* eye i Bory (yx) 1 i aG4) (2) (e) =3y 3x? _3 ey iy [95,108 8m 1 = (52 x10my8m Jo 1 1, 1 =(52)2 (2 (8 )2 =5x5" yom" |(216)3 x(25) 2 SS (0.04) 2 1 = (x32 yt 545 5 (Sz feo) Ox? ; =|2 5 55, 10 xls) (a | 1 1 i 100, 1 5 5 =(3)’ ( 58)5(- 2 2 (WY (*)5(2"*) _| axa xs = aye" ~ 3 x (a 32x Fy4z 5 4 625x4 <4 L % ? «325 [2 _| 2?x3?x5 |2 ys A. \s 3 ~ 3 [ ae 25)? oy Statye4Q.5 Simplify: (“ y" (“y" +5(atat)” at a’ 22 png yd =a@ 6. Simply | we Qh Pg gM ye gon agi git git a’ a> as tm oman ont =a} 3xa3 3xa3 3 lim mnat sasPoe es